TYPES OF
INTERMOLECULAR
FORCES
ION-ION
Ion-ion interactions are an attractive force between ions
with opposite charges. They are also referred to as ionic
bonds and are the forces that hold together ionic
compounds. Like charges repel each other and opposite
charges attract.
EXAMPLE:
+
-
ION-DIPOLE
An ion-dipole force is an attractive force
that results from the electrostatic
attraction between an ion and a neutral
molecule that has a dipole.
ION
DIPOLE
an atom or group of
atoms that carries a
positive or negative
electric charge as a
result of having lost
or gained one or
more electrons.
a
dipole
is
a
substance that has
two charges where
one side is positive
and the other side is
negative.
EXAMPLE:
DIPOLE-DIPOLE FORCES
Dipole-dipole forces are attractive forces
between the positive end of one polar
molecule and the negative end of another
polar molecule.
EXAMPLE:
-
HYDROGEN BOND
Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole
attraction between molecules, not a covalent bond
to a hydrogen atom. It results from the attractive
force between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded
to a very electronegative atom such as a N, O, or F
atom and another very electronegative atom.
EXAMPLE:
LONDON DISPERSION FORCE
London's dispersion forces can be defined as a
temporary attractive force due to the formation of
temporary dipoles in a nonpolar molecule. When the
electrons in two adjacent atoms are displaced in such a
way that atoms get some temporary dipoles, they
attract each other through the London dispersion force.
EXAMPLE:
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