Air Warriors Study Material
Math


GRE Math Practice
DRT (Distance/Rate/Time)***
o How far did a jet go if its rate is 600mph for 1200 seconds?
 200 𝑚𝑖
o Bill starts riding his bike towards town at a constant rate of 8 mph. Then, 30 minutes later,
his wife starts driving on the same path at a constant average of 30 mph. How long will it
take her to catch up to Bill?

o
o
30−8
≈ .18ℎ𝑟 ≈ 10.8𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≈ 10𝑚𝑖𝑛 48𝑠𝑒𝑐
At 0800, two trains started out from the same station. One travels north at the rate of
60 mph; the other traveled south at the rate of 50 mph. At what time were the trains 5
0 miles apart?

(60 + 50)𝑥 = 550

550
60+50
= 5 => 0800 + 5 = 1300
Sally and bob live 240mi apart. They drive toward each other, Sally at 70mph and bob at
80mph. How long will it take for them to reach each other?


1
2
8( )
3
5
70𝑡 + 80𝑡 = 240, 𝑡 = 1 ℎ𝑟
Geometry
o Height of a triangle given base and area?**
 𝐴 = 1/2𝑏ℎ
o Radians/degrees conversions
o
o
o
o
𝜋
180
= 315°
𝜋
𝜋
𝜋
𝑥 180 = 2 𝑟𝑎𝑑

74 𝑥

90°
Two cylinders with equal height given the volume of one, find volume of the other?**
Ratio of empty space between a cylinder and a rectangular prism?
Geometric properties
 Area, volume, angle, etc.
Special properties of equilateral/scalene/isosceles triangles
Equilateral Triangle
 Three equal Sides
 Three equal angles,
always 60
Isosceles Triangle
 Two equal sides
 Two equal angles
Scalene Triangle
 No equal sides
 No equal angles
o
Area/arc conversions



𝜃
𝐴 = (2 ) 𝑟 2 , 𝑠 = 𝜃𝑟
 S = arc length, θ = angle (in radians)
o Circumference and volume of a sphere
o Find the circumference of a sphere given only the surface area formula and volume
o If a circle has a radius of X, how much distance will it cover in Y# of revolutions?
 Find the circumference, then multiply by the number of revolutions to get the
distance covered
Averages (Weighted/Non-weighted)
o % of finals exams, homework, and participation
o Four scores, a,b,c,9/8c what must the 5th and 6th bet to have an average of X?
o A test taker gets 70 on 1st exam, 80 on 2nd exam, 2/3 of 4/5 of his 2nd exam on his 3rd test. If
the professor gives 5 points extra credit on his 4th exam and his average score is 80, what
was his score on the 4th exam?
Probability**
o Dice
 Independent events (probability of rolling 2 numbers on two separate die)
 P(A and B) = P(A) x P(B)
 Dependent events (probability of picking specific cards from a deck of cards without
replacing)
 P(A and B) = P(A) x P(B|A)
 EX. Three cards are chosen at random from a deck of 52 cards without
replacement. What is the probability of choosing a ten, a nine, an eight, and
a seven in order?
o

4
4
4
4
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
52 51 50 49
256
32
= 6,497,400 = 812,175
Exponents and Logarithms**
o Negative/Positive
o Fractional exponents
 (4-1/4 - 16-3/9)/2-2/10
o Log Rules
 log 𝑎 (𝑥𝑦) = log 𝑎 𝑥 + log 𝑎 𝑦
𝑥

log 𝑎 (𝑦) = log 𝑎 𝑥 − log 𝑎 𝑦


log 𝑎 (𝑥 𝑦 ) = ylog 𝑎 𝑥
If log 𝑎 𝑥 = log 𝑎 𝑦 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑦
o
 log10 1 = 0, log10 10 = 1, log10 100 = 2, log10 1000 = 3, ….
 log 𝑎 𝑏 = 𝑐 ← 𝑎𝑐 = 𝑏
Exponent Rules









𝑎 𝑎 =𝑎
(𝑎𝑛 )𝑚 = 𝑎𝑛𝑚
1
=
𝑎1
0
𝑎−1
 𝑎 =1
𝑚
 𝑎𝑛/𝑚 = √𝑎𝑛
Work together problems
o Jim paints a house in half an hour. Jane paints a house in 1/5 of an hour. If Jim works for 10
minutes and then Jane joins him, how long will it take them to complete 1 whole house
together?
Perfect Numbers**
o A positive integer that is equal to the sum of its proper positive divisors; the sum of its
positive divisors excluding the number itself
 6 is the first
 1 𝑥 6 = 6, 2 𝑥 3 = 6, 3 𝑥 2 = 6, 6 𝑥 1 = 6
 1+2+3=6
 The next is 28, 496, 8128
Matrix multiplication
o 𝑎𝑥𝒃 𝑥 𝒃𝑥𝑐 = 𝑎𝑥𝑐
o Inner dimensions of the matrices MUST be equal, ie. The number of columns of the first
matrix must equal the number of rows of the second matrix
o Outer dimensions of the matrices indicate the dimensions of the product matrix
 2𝑥𝟑 𝑥 𝟑𝑥2 = 2𝑥2
7
8
1(7) + 2(9) + 3(11) 1(8) + 2(10) + 3(12)
1 2 3
 [
] 𝑥 [ 9 10] = [
]=
4(7) + 5(9) + 6(11) 4(8) + 5(10) + 6(12)
4 5 6
11 12
58
64
[
]
139 154
Series
o =(a1 + an)/2 where n is the nth number in the series, a1 is the first number in the series
Roots**
o Cubed roots
o Manually computing
o Adding/Subtracting/Multiplying/Dividing
 𝑎√𝑥 ± 𝑏√𝑥 = (𝑎 ± 𝑏)√𝑥
 (𝑎√𝑥)(𝑏√𝑦) = (𝑎𝑏)√𝑥𝑦

o

𝑎𝑛
= 𝑎𝑛−𝑚
𝑎𝑚
𝑛 𝑚
𝑛+𝑚
𝑎 √𝑥
𝑏√𝑦
𝑎
𝑥
= 𝑏 √𝑦
What is the cube root of 0.027?
 0.3
Factoring**
o

(𝑥 + 𝑎)(𝑦 + 𝑏) = 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥𝑏 + 𝑎𝑦 + 𝑎𝑏
 If 𝑦 = 𝑥; 𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑏𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏
 (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 6) = 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 12
Order of operations equations
o

Simplifying 216 + 217 +
220
210
Word problems (creating equations)
o
How much pure acid must be added to 12 ounces of a 40% acid solution in order to produce
a 60% acid solution?

100%(x) + 40%(12) = 60%(12 + x)
x + .4 (12) = .6 (12+x)
x = 6 ounces
o
Abigail is 6 years older than Jonathan. Six years ago she was twice as old as him. How old is
each now?

J+6=A
2J – 6 = A
J = 12
A = 18

Percentages
o Percent increase/decrease
o Increase

o
𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 – 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
∗ 100
 If negative = percent decrease
Decrease

𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 – 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟

If negative = percent increase
∗ 100
RANDOM QUESTIONS ON PAST EXAMS
o The hour hand of a clock is 3 ft long. How many ft does the tip if this hand move between
1300 and 1700?
 The 4 hours from 1300 and 1700 is equal to 1/3 the circumference of a circle(clock).
Circumference = (pi)d or 2(pi)r so, if the hour hand(radius) = 3 then C = 2(pi)3, divide
by 3(because you need 1/3 the circumference) and you get 2pi
o
o
The sum of v50 + 3v72 is?
 23v2
A car depreciates in value 10% a year what is its value after 3 years?
 Longer way





Choose an easy starting value, 100
100 − (100 ∗ .1) = 90 − (90 ∗ .1) = 81 − (81 ∗ .1) = 72.9
Or 100 ∗ .9 = 90 ∗ .9 = 81 ∗ .9 = 72.9
Or 100 ∗ .9 ∗ .9 ∗ .9 = 100 ∗ 72.9
Or 100 ∗. 93 = 72.9

72.9
100

o
o
= .729
Shorter way
 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 = . 93 𝑥 = .729𝑥
 The cars new value is 72.9% of its original value, or .729x where x is the original
value of the car
Find the square root of 216?
 √216 = √(6)2 6 = 6√6 ≈ 14.70
Last number in a sequence of 1,2,5,26,_?
 677
12 + 1 = 2
22 + 1 = 5
5 + 1 = 26
26 + 1 = 677
o
o
If a rectangle has perimeter of 80 and has a base 7 times the height, what is the area?
 𝑃 = 2𝐵 + 2𝐻 = 80
𝐵 = 7𝐻
2(𝐵 + 𝐻) = 80
𝐻 = 5, 𝐵 = 35
𝐵 + 𝐻 = 40
𝐴 = 175
Two people are painting a house. One can paint a house in 4 hours, on in 6. How long does it
take to do it together?

o
o
o
+
𝑋
6
= 1, 𝑋 = 2.4ℎ𝑟
If Sally gets scores 73, 85, 93, the 4th score is 20 points less than 5th score which is 2/3 of the
average of the first three. What must she score on the 6th and 7th test to average an 85?
 Rounding necessary
Joe goes 25mph for 20min, 65mph for 12min and 45mph for 15min, how far did Joe go?

o
𝑋
4
7
32 12 𝑚𝑖
A war starts in year x2 and ends in the year (x+1)2, the war lasted for 29 years, what year did
it start?
 196
One person leaves at this time, the other leaves 2 hours later, how long will it take one to
reach two if two is traveling faster than the other?
 Define variables
 𝑣𝐴 = 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛
 𝑣𝐵 = 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛
 𝑑 = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡
 𝑡 = 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
o
o
o
o
o
o
o


𝑑𝐴 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑠 𝑖𝑛 2ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
𝑣𝑎 𝑡 + 𝑣𝑏 𝑡 = 𝑑 − 𝑑𝑎

𝑡=𝑣
𝑑−𝑑𝑎
𝑎 +𝑣𝑏
1
1
1
4(5𝑎)3 − (3𝑎)3 − 2(5𝑎)3 = ?
3
3
3
3
 4√5𝑎 − √3𝑎 − 2√5𝑎 = √5𝑎
Sum all the numbers from 2 to 223
A perfect number is a positive integer that is equal to the sum of its proper divisors. Which
one of these numbers are perfect numbers? 130/225/330/496
 496
For what value of n does this infinite series converge to 1: 1/n + 1/n2 + 1/n3 + 1/n4 + …
Diophantine equations: find all solutions to this system, y = x3 - 2x2 + x - 1, y2 + x2 + 1 - x = 0
83/5 = ?
5
5
5
5
 √83 = √512 = √(25 )16 = 2√16
A man goes north at 8mph, 2 hours later another man leaves going 40 mph. How long does
it take for the second person to catch up?
 First find how far the first traveled: 8𝑚𝑝ℎ 𝑥 2ℎ𝑟 = 16𝑚𝑖
 Take the difference in velocities and find the time using the distance found by the
16𝑚𝑖
1
2
first driver: (40−8)𝑚𝑝ℎ = ℎ𝑟 = 30𝑚𝑖𝑛
o
What are the odds you will get 2 sixes on two dice?

o
o
o
1
6
1
6
1
36
The probability of team A winning on any day is 0.40. The probability of both team A and B
winning on the same day is 0.15. What is the probability of team B winning on any day?
 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.04, 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 0.15
 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) 𝑥 𝑃(𝐵)
 Independent events

o
1
6
𝑃(𝑠𝑖𝑥) = , 𝑃(𝑠𝑖𝑥 & 𝑠𝑖𝑥) = 𝑥 =
𝑃(𝐵) =
𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵)
𝑃(𝐴)
=
0.15
0.4
= 0.375
Mary's final grade is comprised of 20% from each of 3 exams, 10% from homework, and 30%
from the final exam. If she scores a 76 and 84 on the first 2 exams, with a 72 for homework,
her final grade is an 80, and her final exam is 10 points less than her exam 3 grade, what is
her final exam grade?
 𝑥 = 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑚 3 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒
 . 2(76 + 84 + 𝑥) + .1(72) + .3(𝑥 − 10) = 80
 15.2 + 16.8 + .2𝑥 + 7.2 + .3𝑥 − 3 = 80
 . 5𝑥 = 43.8, 𝑥 = 87.6
 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒 = 87.6 − 10 = 77.6
How to write the number 4 in binary?
 0100
An object is dropped from a building with a time flight of 5 seconds, what is its final
velocity?
 Kinematics
 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡 = 0 + 9.81𝑚/𝑠 2 (5sec) = 49.05 m/s
 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡 = 0 + 32.17𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2 (5sec) = 160.85 ft/s
o
o
A painter paints 1/10th of a house in 20 minutes, B painter paints 2/5th of a house in
30minutes, how long will it take both to paint 3 houses?
 𝐴 → 1 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 200𝑚𝑖𝑛
 𝐵 → 1 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 75𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑥
𝑥
 200 + 75 = 1 => 11𝑥 = 600
 𝑥 ≈ 54, 54(3) = 162 min 𝑜𝑟 2ℎ𝑟 42𝑚𝑖𝑛
It takes 2 guys 45 minutes to make 6 pizzas, how long does it take 3 guys to make 12 pizzas?

2𝑚𝑒𝑛 ∗ 45𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 90𝑚𝑎𝑛 − min 𝑓𝑜𝑟 6 𝑝𝑖𝑧𝑧𝑎𝑠 =
15𝑚𝑎𝑛−min
∗
𝑝𝑖𝑧𝑧𝑎
12𝑝𝑖𝑧𝑧𝑎𝑠 =
180𝑚𝑎𝑛 − 𝑚𝑖𝑛

o
= 60𝑚𝑖𝑛
Starting at 11 if 6 guys lay bricks and every hour after five one person is added, what time
would they finish the same stack of bricks?
 2000hrs or 8:00PM

o
180𝑚𝑎𝑛−min
3𝑚𝑒𝑛
So it took 6 guys to lay one stack in ten hours. What I did was say that that work is
equivalent to 60 person-hours (6 people*10 hours). Now from 11 o'clock up to 5
o'clock (6 hours), 36 person-hours of the task was completed (6 people * 6 hours =
36 person-hours). From 5 to 6, one more person is working, so for that hour, 7
people are working, and thus 7 person-hours of work is accomplished (7 persons*1
hour). So when the clock strikes 6, a total of 43 person-hours of work is done (36+7).
You do a similar procedure for the hours of 6 to 7 (and you'd come up with 51,
43+8). And then again from 7 to 8 (60, 51+9).
If 5 painters can paint a house in 7 hours, and they start at 1300, if 3 more painters are
added to the job 2 hours in, at what time will the house be finished?

Originally with five people working, 2/7 of the house will be completed in 2 hours.
Therefore since each person does 1/35 of the house per hour (2*5=10) man-hours.
There are now 25 man-hours left in order to finish the house. Now since there are 8
workers, we just divide the remaining man-hours remaining (25) by the number of
workers (8)=3 1/8. Therefore adding the original two hours plus the 3 1/8 will give
you 5 1/8. 5 hours and 7.2 seconds. Therefore 1907.
Mechanical










CONCEPTS
Springs
Torque
o The tendency of a force to rotated an object about an axis
 𝜏=𝑟𝑥𝐹
Venturi Effect
o Reduction in fluid pressure that results when a fluid flows through a constricted section (or
choke ) of a pipe
Binary*
o 11001 = 25
(2^4)(1) + (2^3)(1) + (2^2)(0) + (2^1)(0) +(2^0)(1)
16 + 8 + 0 + 0 +1
Buoyancy
o Relies on density
o Which object will float higher?
o Relationship with area and depth
o If an ice cube floats in the water, is the water dense or the ice cube dense? Why?
Gears
o Mechanical advantage of gears
o Relationship between small and large gears
Electricity
o Schematics
o What is measured in Ohms? (Resistance)
o V = I*R
Rate of falling things
o Acceleration due to gravity
 9.81 𝑚/𝑠 2 or 32.17𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2
Pulley***
o Fixed and moveable
o Mechanical advantage of pulleys



Follow the rope." Place your finger on the screen over the diagram where the rope
is tied to the pulley. Now, follow the rope with your finger, making note of every
time you make a >90 degree turn. Do this until you end at the truck. If you multiply
the MA by the weight, you will get the max weight that can be lifted in the system.
 Number of TENSE ropes
Bernoulli's Principle**
o As the speed of a moving fluid (liquid or gas) increases, the pressure within the fluid
decreases
o Relationship between pressure, area of a tube, and the velocity of fluid
o Total Pressure = Dynamic Pressure + Static Pressure
Lever
o
o
o













Balancing a lever
Fulcrums
This wrench requires x ft-lb of torque to operate, but if the user wanted to use y ft-lb, what
would the length of the wrench have to be?
Roller coaster
o Which track would be better for someone when upside down, oval or circle?
 An oval track; experience negative G’s when hanging upside down on a circular
track, as well as an excessive amount on the way down
Fluids
o Velocity when a pipe gets bigger/smaller
Pressure and velocity of a liquid
o Bernoulli’s Principle
Effects of pressure on volume
o Pressure on gasses
 When you increase the pressure on a gas, you decrease volume
 Boyle’s Law
o Balloons
 Air pressure inside is greater than atmospheric pressure outside
Density
o 𝜌 = 𝑚/𝑉
o Pressure is directly proportional to density; if one rises, so does the other
Particle collisions*
o The available energy is the energy in a particle collision to produce new matter from the
kinetic energy of the colliding particles
o Due to the conservation of momentum, a system of two particles with a net momentum
may not convert all their kinetic energy into mass, resulting in an available energy that is
always less than or equal to the kinetic energy of the colliding particles
Electron stability near the speed of light*
Magnetic fluctuations within particle accelerators*
Circuit with a switch
Heat transfer with conductivity
o Hot things expand and cold things compress
 Except freezing water
Pendulums
o Why a wrecking ball takes longer to swing
 Length of the rope
o At what point does the pendulum have the most kinetic energy
Kinetic/potential energy
o Roller coaster
Weight of a person on different planet
o Mass
 F = mg
 m = weight, g = acceleration due to gravity
o Weight

Newton’s Law of Gravity











𝑔=
𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝑟2
G = gravitational constant, M = Mass of planet, r = radius of planet, m = your
mass
Symbols for electronic components
Mechanical advantage***
o Output/Input
Work***
o 𝑊 = 𝑓𝑑
o 𝑊 = ∆𝐾𝐸
o Incline planes
o Bob is pushing a 100lb box up a ramp x feet long with a vertical gain of y feet, how much
effort?
Hydraulics
o Pistons and hydraulic lifts
 How far a piston will move with different diameters
o Relation between area, force, pressure
 P = F/A
AC power is from chemical change or coil of copper around a magnet
Leidenfrost effect
o Liquid, near contact with a mass significantly hotter than the liquid’s boiling point, produces
an insulating vapor layer keeping that liquid from boiling rapidly
Kinematics
o D = vt + 1/2at2
o If a rocket goes up at a certain acceleration, how high will it go?
Angular velocity/momentum/acceleration
Units
o Temperature (°C, °F, K)
o Force (N, lbf)
o Mass (kg, lbm)
o Length (m, in)
RANDOM QUESTIONS ON PAST EXAMS
o What is the value of acceleration due to gravity?
 32.174ft/s2 or 9.807m/s2
o Water in a nuclear power plant
o
o
o
 Used as the working fluid in the process which drives the operation
What happens when you remove/insert control rods in a nuclear reactor
 Increase/decrease the reactivity of the reactor (increase/decrease the neutron flux)
 This In turn affects the thermal power of the reactor, the amount of steam
produced, and the electricity generated
A pot of water is boiling on the stove, and the temperature of the burner is increased, what
happens to the temperature of the water?
 The temperature of the water will increase as well due to conduction
 The water is in contact with the pot which is in physical contact with the
burner that transfers heat to it
How many times per second does an AC current of 60Hz change direction?


o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
1 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠
60 𝑠𝑒𝑐 , therefore,
𝑓=𝑇
it must change directions 120 times to complete 60 cycles
A load hangs from two strands of springs, two springs on each strand. What is the load on
one spring?
 Springs in series experience the same pull from the weight of the mass it supports
 Springs in parallel share the load
 Therefore, the load on one spring would be ½ of the total load on the entire system
Acceleration of a rock compared to dropping or throwing the rock down a well
 Thrown rock will have a larger initial acceleration than the rock dropped (which is
accelerating at the acceleration due to gravity)
 Which will hit first depends on the depth of the well, both will eventually reach
terminal velocity and fall at the same speed (assuming both rocks are identical and
fall in the same manner)
Air is flowing over a wing which direction is force exerted?
 Right?
If the flywheel of a space probe turns clockwise does the rest of the probe turn the same
direction, not at all, or the opposite direction?
 Operating as a momentum wheel, the rest of the probe would not move at all?
 Solely as a reaction wheel, would slightly move in the opposite direction?
What happens to the heat/cold when your hand touches a street pole?
 Conduction
 Heat transfers from the hotter object to the colder until both are “equal”
Water flow question, which valves need to be open?
Does buoyancy depend on temperature?
 Temperature affects density. As temperature increases, density of a material goes
down, which in turn causes buoyancy to increase
 Not always the case
What happens when you drop a bullet and fire one from a straight and level gun?
 They hit the ground at the same time
What happens when you kick a football in its center of gravity?
 It doesn’t tumble or roll while in the air
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
If a ball is thrown down at a speed of X and the same ball is thrown up at X speed, which one
will have the greatest kinetic energy?
An air balloon flies up in altitude, what happens to the game what needs to happen?
 Let air out?
If two barrels are filled with the same liquid at different temperatures, which one will float
higher?
 If submerged into a liquid, the barrel in the lower temperature liquid would float
higher
What happens to temperature during an isothermal expansion?
 Stays constant
If an ice-skater is spinning and tucks her arms in, will angular momentum increase or
decrease?
 It is conserved
2 people push separate blocks up a ramp, one ramp is longer. In which scenario is more
work being done?
 The same?
Does it take more, less, or the same amount of force to push an object up an incline vs. On a
flat area?
 It takes more force to push an object up an incline
 The work done in both cases is equal, meaning the distances traveled are different
According to Bernoulli's principle, a jet flying faster will have (higher or lower) lift on its
wing.
 Higher
 Directly proportional to velocity
What is the purpose of a helicopter's tail rotor?
 To counter the torque produced by the main rotor
What are the vertical sections of a ship called?
 Bulkhead
What is the difference in springs in parallel vs. springs in series?
Bernoulli's principle states that low velocity over a wing means?
 Less lift
What is the voltage across 30 ohm at 0.25 amps?
 V = IR
 7.5 Volts
What is the change in acceleration for a constant force on a horizontal plane with negligible
friction?
 Acceleration is constant, so the change in acceleration is 0
Aviation/Nautical







VASI (Visual Approach Slope Indicators)
Cowling
o Covering of an aircraft’s engine
 May be used:
 For drag reduction
 For engine cooling by directing airflow
 As an air intake for jet engines
 For decorative purposes
Air density
o Lift and drag depend linearly on density
 As air density decreases, engine and aerodynamic performance decrease
 In lower density air, there are fewer air molecules in a given volume
o Air density decreases as altitude increases
Sonic booms
o What happens to the gas around one?
Post for mounting things underneath the wing
o Pylon?
Lights on a ship
Aircraft deck personnel
Yellow
 Aircraft handling officers
 Catapult and arresting gear officers
 Plane directors – responsible for all
movement of all aircraft on the
flight/hangar deck
Green
 Catapult and arresting gear crews
 Visual Landing Aid electricians
 Air wing maintenance personnel
 Air wing quality control personnel
 Cargo-handling personnel
 Ground support equipment (GSE)
troubleshooters
 Hook runners
 Photographer’s mates
 Helicopter landing signal enlisted
personnel (LSE)
White
 Quality Assurance (QA)
 Squadron plane inspectors
 Landing signal officer (LSO)
 Air transfer officers (ATO)
 Liquid oxygen (LOX) crews


Red
Blue









Purple
Brown














Safety observers
Medical personnel (white with Red
Cross emblem)
Ordnance men
Crash and salvage crews
Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD)
Firefighter
Plane handlers (Trainees)
Chocks and chains – entry-level
flight-deck workers under the
yellowshirts
Aircraft elevator operators
Tractor drivers
Messengers and phone talkers
Aviation fuel handlers
Air wing plane captains: squadron
personnel who prepare aircraft for
flight
Air wing line leading petty officers
Final checker (inspector)

White/Black

Airspace classes
Decks of ships**
o Orlop deck
 Cables are stowed, usually below the waterline; lowest deck in a ship
o Poop deck
 Forming the roof of a poop/poop cabin, built on the upper deck
Planes of the pacific theater during WWII
4 forces acting on an aircraft
o Lift, weight, thrust, drag
 Different types of drag
Primary flight controls, their axis, and the terms of their movements**
o Pitch yaw, roll
o Rudder = yaw, elevator = pitch, ailerons = roll
Aviation and space program historical milestones
o Astronauts
o Number of Mercury, Gemini, Apollo missions
Different types of aircraft in the Navy
Airport/runway/lighting systems/flight instrument
Nautical terminology
o Beam, hatch, bridge, port, starboard, aft, beam, freeboard, stern, etc.
Know people and exactly what they did
How a nuclear reactor works
Ship bell/blast meanings
o 1: intention to direct course of vessel to own starboard


o 2: intention to direct course of vessel to own port
o 3: indicates that the vessel’s engines are going astern
o 5: danger signal
o Prolonged blast (4-5 sec): indicates restricted visibility
Pitot tube
o Used to measure velocity
Identifying aircraft based on power plant, intended role, and/or major accomplishment
o ME-262
RANDOM QUESTION ON PAST EXAMS
o What plane was converted to a tanker during operation Iraqi Freedom?
 S-3 Viking?
o What plane was the first to escort bombers DEEP into enemy territory?
 P-51 Mustang?
o What plane served as a bomber escort in WWII?
 P-51 Mustang
o Which aircraft first escorted bombers into enemy territory?
 P-38 Lightning?
o What is the island called on an aircraft carrier?
 Command Center
 Location of air-traffic control and the bridge
o What aircraft was a high performance piston driven fighter?**
 Hawker sea fury or Grumman f8f
o What is another name for a rudder on the ship**
 Steering oar?
o Who does the commander of an air squadron report to?
 USAF: Group Commander
 USN: Wing Commander
o What is a CVBG?
 Large Carrier Battle Group
o What is the name and the purpose of the flaps that come out of the deck of an aircraft
carrier that sit directly behind the jet engines when the jets take off from the carrier?
 Jet blast deflector
 Safety device that redirects the high energy exhaust from a jet engine to
prevent damage and injury
o Who broke the sound barrier?
 Chuck Yaeger
o What plane was converted to an air tanker during Desert Storm?
 S-3 Viking
o What do the different shirt colors mean on an aircraft carrier?
o What is aspect ratio?
 Ratio of the distance between the wing tips of an airplane to its average wing width
o What is dissimilar lift?
 An uneven amount of lift on opposite sides of the rotor disc.
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
 Affects single-rotor helicopters in forward flight
What is TACAN?
 Tactical air navigation system
 Provides the user with bearing and distance (slant-range)to a ground or
ship-borne station
How does ice on the wing effect aircraft performance?
 The weight of the aircraft will increase while the ability to generate lift will decrease
Weight of fluids
 Gas = 6lb/gal
 Oil = 7.5lb/gal
 Water = 8.35lb/gal
What war did the longest dog fight in history occur in?
 WWII?
What is angle of attack?
 Angle formed by the chord line of the wing and the oncoming airflow
What does 5 whistle blasts mean?
 Danger signal used when the other vessel’s intentions are not understood or its
indicated course is dangerous
Which aircraft broke the sound barrier first?
 XS-1
Best known dive bomber in WWII used by USN?
 Dauntless
What is an F9F Panther?
 Jet
What was the first “heavy carrier based bomber?"
 Sky warrior
Strategic Air Commands frontline bomber in the 1950s?
 B-36
In what battle was the Japanese super battleship Musashi sunk?
 Battle of Leyte Gulf
What airplane was the main torpedo bomber used in WWII that flew for the Navy for 15
years?
 Avenger
What does the prefix “MH” mean in MH-60S?
 Multi-mission, helicopter
How do you "lean" the aircraft?
 “Lean” to the side (roll) – ailerons
 “Lean” to the front (pitch) - elevator
How are runways labeled?
 First 2 numbers in their compass heading (runway 36 is north, not 00).
Control about what axis is actuated with X surface?
 Vertical axis - From the top to bottom of the fuselage and through the center of
gravity
 Lateral axis – From wing tip to wing tip and through the center of gravity

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Longitudinal axis – From front to back of the fuselage and through the center of
gravity
What aircraft entered service just before Midway and was a torpedo bomber?
 Grumman TBF Avenger?
What airframe has tilt rotor capability?
 V-22 Osprey
What is the highest deck of a ship
 Poop deck
Who is the person who tested the nose wheel hook on the A-6 in 1960
 Lawrence Meade Jr.
What is the purpose and location of ailerons on a plane
 Form part of the trailing edge of each wing, used in pairs to control the aircraft in
roll
What is a "bulkhead"
 A dividing wall or barrier between compartments in a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle
In what war did the EA-6B make its first appearance?
 Vietnam War
What aircraft is designed to strike ground targets?
 A-10 Lightning “Warthog”
How many Apollo missions total were there?
 12 Manned
What are high altitude fluffy clouds?
 Cirrocumulus?
Why are propellers curved on 1 side and flat on the other?
 To produce thrust?
What does the tachometer measure?
 Measures working speed of an engine (usually in RPM)
The nickname "Old Ironsides" was given to which ship?
 USS Constitution
Who said "I may sink, but I'll be damned if I strike"
 John Paul Jones
What was the primary SAC nuclear bomber in 1950?
 B-36 Peacemaker
What aircraft is suited for ground attack?
 A-10 Lightning “Warthog”
Two airplanes head on yield which way?
 Right
What is the minimum required load factor by the FAA?
 Normal – 3.8 to -1.52
What is the designation for a Side Winder Missile?
 AIM-9
PBM



Compass trick
o Rotate compass while the voice reads the direction out loud
Emergency procedures
Write them down!
o Fire: Knobs all down
o Power: All knobs up
o Propeller: One neutral, one up
English






Navy definitions of words
o Shall, should, etc.
Read allowed
o Try not to space out
What is the main idea of the passage?
Answers that are too detailed, are probably not correct
An answer that adds information not stated in the passage is not correct
Avoid absolute answers
o Like, always, never, highest, worst, best, etc.
NATFI

Take with the mindset of being a leader and a go getter
Dichotic Listening and Joystick/Throttle Portion

Play inverted video games
Additional Tips & Resources


ACCURACY OVER SPEED!!!!
UAV flashcards
o

Log practice
o


o
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/astb-aviation-nautical-information-test-anitcomprehensive-4718163
o
http://www.proprofs.com/flashcards/tableview.php?title=astb-math-knowledge
Mechanical Advantage
http://purplemath.com/modules/workprob.htm
Aviation Slang
o

http://www.kutasoftware.com/
Work time together
o

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_advantage_device
Math prep
o Thatquiz.org
o

http://www.technologystudent.com/gears1/geardex1.htm
Study flashcards
o

http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/math/algtrig/ATE9/LogPrac.htm
Gears and pulleys
o

http://www.proprofs.com/flashcards/cardshow.php?title=_36014
http://www.tailhook.net/AVSLANG.htm
Online Practice
o
http://www.petersonspublishing.com/OfficerCandidate
*Don’t spend too much time on these concepts
**Important (Encountered multiple times)
***Extremely important