Table of contents
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
English
A. Vocabulary
B. Reading Comprehension
C. Grammar
D. Essay
Logic
A. Arguments
B. Conditional Statements and Drawing Conclusions from Premises
C. Logic Games
Abstract Reasoning
A. Verbal Tests
B. Numerical Tests
C. Visuo-spatial Tests
Math/Numerical Reasoning
A. Common Numerical Problems
B. Probability Problems
C. Data Interpretation
General Knowledge
ENGLISH
VOCABULARY
EXERCISE #1: You will find sentences that describe a
personality type or character trait. Read each sentence
carefully and then circle the vocabulary word that best
describes the person or character trait:
1. “It’s my way or the highway!” said George. George
is being
a. impassive.
b. facetious.
c. morose.
d. peremptory.
Answer: d. To be peremptory is to be dictatorial, not
allowing contradiction, or putting an end to debate or
action.
2. Susan absolutely insisted that we come along; she
wouldn’t take no for an answer. Susan was being
a. adamant.
b. querulous.
c. peremptory.
d. audacious.
Answer: a. Someone who is adamant is unyielding to
requests, appeals, or reason.
3. Raj was someone who, no matter how perfect the
day, would always find something to complain
about. Raj is very
a. nonchalant.
b. vitriolic.
c. officious.
d. querulous.
Answer: d. To be querulous is to complain and be generally
discontented.
4. “You fatuous boor! You’ve ruined my life! I never
want to see you again!” This statement is
a. morose.
b. vitriolic.
c. insouciant.
d. apathetic.
Answer: b. Something or someone who is vitriolic is
savagely hostile or bitter.
5. Mistakenly believing his boss was speaking ill of
him, Angelo burst through the door and yelled: “I
quit!” to his boss. Angelo was being
a. imperious.
b. ebullient.
c. impetuous.
d. querulous.
Answer: c. To be impetuous is to display sudden, forceful
energy or emotion, especially without thought or
consideration of consequences.
EXERCISE #2: Choose the best synonym for each
vocabulary word
6. accretion
a. deletion
b. agreement
c. suspense
d. accumulation
Answer: d. Accretion is growth or increase by gradual,
successive addition; building up.
7. umbrage
a. protection
b. offense
c. transition
d. gathering
Answer: b. Umbrage means offense or resentment.
8. verisimilitude
a. deceit
b. fanaticism
c. similarity
d. realism
Answer: d. Verisimilitude is the appearance of being true or
real.
9. consternation
a. dismay
b. constellation
c. reservation
d. disbelief
Answer: a. Consternation is
incapacitating horror or dismay.
a
feeling
of
deep,
10. penury
a. destitution
b. punishment
c. judgment
d. agony
Answer: a. Penury means extreme poverty; destitution.
EXERCISE #3: Circle the answer that best completes the
prompt.
11. An ineluctable consequence
a. cannot be avoided.
b. is not desirable.
c. would not be anticipated.
d. can be avoided.
Answer: a. Ineluctable consequences are certain and
unavoidable.
12.
a.
b.
c.
d.
A pernicious virus would be
acquired in the sub-Saharan desert.
deadly and very destructive.
contagious and easily transmitted.
mild and easily treated.
Answer: b. Pernicious means deadly and destructive.
13. A prosecutor’s trenchant closing statement would
be
a. a very effective closing statement.
b. a very offensive closing statement.
c. very weak closing statement.
d. very confusing closing statement.
Answer: a. A trenchant argument is effective, penetrating,
or forceful.
14. People
a.
b.
c.
d.
with inveterate beliefs
can be easily manipulated.
have adopted their beliefs from another.
hold their beliefs deeply and passionately.
change their beliefs frequently.
Answer: c. Inveterate beliefs are deep-rooted or firmly
established.
15. An arcane organization is one that
a. actively recruits new members.
b. is very old and outdated.
c. is very secretive and mysterious.
d. is located in a foreign land.
e.
Answer: c. An arcane organization is secretive and
mysterious.
Sentence Completion
EXERCISE #1: You will find sentences that describe a
personality type or character trait. Read each sentence
carefully and then circle the vocabulary word that best
describes the person or character trait:
1. Being able to afford this luxury car will ______
getting a better- paying job.
a. maximize
b. recombinant
c. reiterate
d. necessitate
e. Reciprocate
Answer: b. To necessitate (v.) means to make necessary,
especially as a result.
2. Levina unknowingly ______ the thief by holding
open the elevator doors and ensuring his escape.
a. Coerced
b. proclaimed
c. abetted
d. sanctioned
e. solicited
Answer: c. To abet (v.) means to assist, encourage, urge,
or aid, usually an act of wrongdoing.
3. Shakespeare, a(n) ______ writer, entertained
audiences by writing many tragic and comic plays.
a. numeric
b. obstinate
c. dutiful
d. prolific
e. generic
Answer: d. Prolific (adj.) means abundantly creative.
4. I had the ______ experience of sitting next to an
over-talkative passenger on my flight home from
Brussels.
a. satisfactory
b. commendable
c. galling
d. acceptable
e. acute
Answer: c. Galling (adj.) means irritating, annoying, or
exasperating.
5. Prince Phillip had to choose: marry the woman he
loved and ______ his right to the throne, or
marry Lady Fiona and inherit the crown.
a. reprimand
b. upbraid
c. abdicate
d. winnow
e. extol
Answer: c. To abdicate (v.) means to formally relinquish
or surrender power, office, or responsibility.
6. If you will not do your work of your own ______, I
have no choice but to penalize you if it is not
done on time.
a. predilection
b. coercion
c. excursion
d. volition
e. infusion
Answer: d. Volition (n.) means accord; an act or exercise
of will.
7. After sitting in the sink for several days, the dirty,
food-encrusted dishes became ______.
a. malodorous
b. prevalent
c. imposing
d. perforated
e. emphatic
Answer: a. Malodorous (adj.) means having a foulsmelling odor.
8. Giulia soon discovered the source of the ______
smell in the room: a week-old tuna sandwich that
one of the children had hidden in the closet.
a. quaint
b. fastidious
c. Clandestine
d. laconic
e. fetid
Answer: e. Fetid (adj.) means having a foul or offensive
odor, putrid.
9. After making ______ remarks to the President,
the reporter was not invited to return to the
White House pressroom.
a. hospitable
b. itinerant
c. enterprising
d. chivalrous
e. irreverent
Answer: e. Irreverent (adj.) means lacking respect or
seriousness; not reverent.
10. My ancestor who lost his life in the Revolutionary
War was a ______ for American independence.
a. knave
b. reactionary
c. compatriot
d. nonconformist
e. martyr
Answer: e. A martyr (n.) is one who sacrifices something
of supreme value, such as a life, for a cause or principle; a
victim; one who suffers constantly.
11. The ______ sound of the radiator as it released
steam became an increasingly annoying
distraction.
a. Sibilant
b. scintillating
c. diverting
d. sinuous
e. scurrilous
Answer: a. Sibilant (adj.) means characterized by a hissing
sound.
12. It is helpful for salesmen to develop a good
______ with their customers in order to gain their
trust.
a. platitude
b. rapport
c. ire
d. tribute
e. disinclination
Answer: b. A rapport (n.) is a relationship that is useful
and harmonious.
13. In such a small office setting, the office manager
found he had ______ responsibilities that
required knowledge in a variety of different
topics.
a. heedless
b. complementary
c. mutual
d. manifold
e. correlative
Answer: d. Manifold (adj.) means many and varied; of
many kinds; multiple.
14. David’s ______ entrance on stage disrupted the
scene and caused the actors to flub their lines.
a. untimely
b. precise
c. lithe
d. fortuitous
e. tensile
Answer: a. Untimely (adj.) means happening before the
proper time.
15. The settlers found an ideal location with plenty of
______ land for farming and a mountain stream
for fresh water and irrigation.
a. candid
b. provincial
c. arable
d. timid
e. quaint
Answer: c. Arable (adj.) means suitable for cultivation, fit
for plowing and farming productively.
READING COMPREHENSION
PASSAGE
Most economists in the United States seem captivated
by the spell of the free market. Consequently, nothing
seems good or normal that does not accord with the
requirements of the free market.
(5) A price that is determined by the seller or, for that
matter, established by anyone other than the
aggregate
of
consumers
seems
pernicious.
Accordingly, it requires a major act of will to think of
price-fixing (the determination of prices by the
(10) seller) as both “normal” and having a valuable
economic function. In fact, price-fixing is normal in all
industrialized societies because the industrial system
itself provides, as an effortless consequence of its own
development, the price-fixing
(15) that it requires. Modern industrial planning
requires and rewards great size. Hence, a
comparatively small number of large firms will be
competing for the same group of consumers. That
each large firm will act with consideration of
(20) its own needs and thus avoid selling its products
for more than its competitors charge is commonly
recognized by advocates of free-market economic
theories. But each large firm will also act with full
consideration of the needs that it has in
(25) common with the other large firms competing for
the same customers. Each large firm will thus avoid
significant price-cutting, because price-cutting would
be prejudicial to the common interest in a stable
demand for products. Most economists
(30) do not see price-fixing when it occurs because
they expect it to be brought about by a number of
explicit agreements among large firms; it is not.
Moreover, those economists who argue that allowing
the free market to operate without inter(35) ference is the most efficient method of
establishing prices have not considered the economies
of non-socialist countries other than the United
states.These economies employ intentional pricefixing, usually in an overt fashion. Formal price-fixing
(40) by cartel and informal price-fixing by agreements
covering the members of an industry are commonplace. Were there something peculiarly efficient about
the free market and inefficient about price-fixing, the
countries that have avoided the first
(45) and used the second would have suffered
drastically in their economic development. There is no
indication that they have. Socialist industry also works
within a framework of controlled prices. In the early
1970’s,
(50) the Soviet Union began to give firms and
industries some of the flexibility in adjusting prices that
a more informal evolution has accorded the capitalist
system. Economists in the United States have hailed
the change as a return to the free market.
(55) But Soviet firms are no more subject to prices
established by a free market over which they exercise
little influence than are capitalist firms; rather, Soviet
firms have been given the power to fix prices.
QUESTIONS:
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
a. refute the theory that the free market
plays a useful role in the development of
industrialized societies
b. suggest methods by which economists
and member of the government of the
United States can recognize and combat
price-fixing by large firms
c. show that in industrialized societies
price-fixing and the operation of the free
market are not only compatible but also
mutually beneficial
d. explain the various ways in which
industrialized societies can fix prices in
order to stabilize the free market
e. argue that price-fixing, in one form or
another, is an inevitable part of and
benefit to the economy of any
industrialized society
2. The passage provides information that would
answer which of the following questions about
price-fixing?
Ⅰ. What are some of the ways in which prices can
be fixed?
Ⅱ. For what products is price-fixing likely to be
more profitable than the operation of the free
market?
Ⅲ. Is price-fixing more common in socialist
industrialized societies or in nonsocialist
industrialized societies?
a. Ⅰonly
b. Ⅲonly
c. Ⅰand Ⅱ only
d. Ⅱand Ⅲ only
e. Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ
3. The author’s attitude toward “Most economists
in the “United States”(line 1) can best be
described as
a. spiteful and envious
b. scornful and denunciatory
c. critical and condescending
d. ambivalent but deferential
e. uncertain but interested
4. It can be inferred from the author’s argument
that a price fixed by the seller “seems pernicious”
(line 7) because
a. people do not have confidence in large
firms
b. people do not expect the government to
regulate prices
c. most economists believe that consumers
as a group should determine prices
d. most economists associate fixed prices
with communist and socialist economies
e. most economists believe that no one
group should determine prices
5. The suggestion in the passage that price-fixing
in industrialized societies is normal arises from
the author’s statement that price-fixing is
a. a profitable result of economic
development
b. an inevitable result of the industrial
system
c. the result of a number of carefully
organized decisions
d. a phenomenon common to industrialized
and nonindustrialized societies
e. a
phenomenon
best
achieved
cooperatively by government and
industry
6. According to the author, price-fixing in
nonsocialist countries is often
a. accidental but productive
b. illegal but useful
c. legal and innovative
d. traditional and rigid
e. intentional and widespread
7. According to the author, what is the result of
the Soviet Union’s change in economic policy in
the 1970’s
a. Soviet firms show greater profit.
b. Soviet firms have less control over the
free market.
c. Soviet firms are able to adjust to
technological advances.
d. Soviet firms have some authority to fix
prices.
e. Soviet firms are more responsive to the
free market
PASSAGE 2
How many really suffer as a result of labor market
problems? This is one of the most critical yet
contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our
social statistics exaggerate the degree of hard- (5)
ship. Unemployment does not have the same dire
consequences today as it did in the 1930’s when most
of the unemployed were primary breadwin- ners, when
income and earnings were usually much closer to the
margin of subsistence, and when there (10) were no
countervailing social programs for those failing in the
labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families
with more than one wage earner, the growing
predominance of secondary earners among the
unemployed, and improved social welfare pro (15)
tection
have
unquestionably
mitigated
the
consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income
data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among
the millions with hourly earnings at or below the
minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority
(20) are from multiple-earner, relatively affluent
families. Most of those counted by the poverty
statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family
responsibilities which keep them out of the labor
force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an
(25) accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.
Yet there are also many ways our social statistics
underestimate the degree of labor-market-related
hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the
millions of fully employed workers whose wages are
(30) so low that their families remain in poverty. Low
wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment
frequently interact to undermine the capacity for selfsupport. Since the number experiencing joblessness at
some time during the year is several times
QUESTIONS:
1. Which of the following is the principal topic
of the passage?
a. What causes labor market pathologies
that result in suffering
b. Why income measures are imprecise in
measuring degrees of poverty
c. Which of the currently used statistical
procedures are the best for estimating
the incidence of hardship that is due to
unemployment
d. Where the areas of agreement are
among poverty, employment, and
earnings figures
e. How social statistics give an unclear
picture of the degree of hardship
caused by low wages and insufficient
employment opportunities
2. The author uses “labor market problems” in
lines 1-2 to refer to which of the following?
a. The overall causes of poverty
b. Deficiencies in the training of the
workforce
(35)the number unemployed in any month, those who
suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or
exceed average annual unemployment, even though
only a minority of the jobless in any month really
suffer. For every person counted in the monthly
(40) unemployment tallies, there is another working
part-time because of the inability to find full-time
work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job.
Finally, income transfers in our country have always
focused on the elderly, disabled, and depen- (45)dent,
neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the
dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does
not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor
market are adequately protected. As a result of such
contradictory evidence, it is
(50) uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a
result of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence,
whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or
must be countered by job creation and
(55) economic stimulus. There is only one area of
agreement in this debate---that the existing poverty,
employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate
for one their primary applications, measuring the
consequences of labor market problems.
c. Trade relationships among producers
of goods
d. Shortages of jobs providing adequate
income
e. Strikes and inadequate supplies of
labor
3. The author contrasts the 1930’s with the
present in order to show that
a. more people were unemployed in the
1930’s
b. unemployment now has less severe
effects
c. social programs are more needed now
d. there now is a greater proportion of
elderly and handicapped people among
those in poverty
e. poverty has increased since the 1930’s
4.Which of the following proposals best
responds to the issues raised by the author?
a. Innovative programs using multiple
approaches should be set up to reduce
the level of unemployment.
b. A compromise should be found
between the positions of those who
view joblessness as an evil greater than
economic control and those who hold
the opposite view.
c. New statistical indices should be
developed to measure the degree to
which unemployment and inadequately
paid employment causes suffering.
d. Consideration should be given to the
ways in which statistics can act as
partial causes of the phenomena that
they purport to measure.
e. The labor force should be restructured
so that it corresponds to the range of
job vacancies.
5. The author’s purpose in citing those who are
repeatedly unemployed during a twelve-month
period is most probably to show that
a. there are several factors that cause the
payment of low wages to some
members of the labor force
b. Unemployment
statistics
can
underestimate the hardship resulting
from joblessness
c. recurrent inadequacies in the labor
market can exist and can cause
hardships for individual workers
d. a majority of those who are jobless at
any one time to not suffer severe
hardship
e. there are fewer individuals who are
without jobs at some time during a
year than would be expected on the
basis of monthly unemployment
figures
6. The author states that the mitigating effect
of social programs involving income transfers
on the income level of low-income people is
often not felt by
a. the employed poor
b. dependent children in single-earner
GRAMMAR
Identifying Sentence Errors
1. A Because of the Internet, B working at jobs C at
home D have become much more common. E No
error.
families
c. workers who become disabled
d. retired workers
e. full-time
workers
who
become
unemployed
7. According to the passage, one factor that
causes unemployment and earnings figures to
overpredict the amount of economic hardship
is the
a. recurrence of periods of unemployment
for a group of low-wage workers
b. possibility that earnings may be
received from more than one job per
worker
c. fact that unemployment counts do not
include those who work for low wages
and remain poor
d. establishment of a system of recordkeeping that makes it possible to
compile poverty statistics
e. prevalence, among low-wage workers
and the unemployed, of members of
families in which others are employed
8. The conclusion stated in lines 33-39 about
the number of people who suffer as a result of
forced idleness depends primarily on the point
that
a. in times of high unemployment, there
are some people who do not remain
unemployed for long
b. the capacity for self-support depends
on
receiving moderate-to-high
wages
c. those in forced idleness include,
besides the
unemployed, both
underemployed part-time
workers
and those not actively seeking work
d. at different times during the year,
different people are unemployed
e. many of those who are affected by
unemployment are dependents of
unemployed workers
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
A
B
C
D
E
2. “Pull it out A by B its plug, not by the C cord,” said
D dad. E No error.
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
3. Symptoms of this illness A that warrant a doctor
visit B includes fever, C vomiting, and diarrhea, as
well as the D loss of appetite. E No error.
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
4. A Either Lisa or Karen B will always volunteer C
their valuable D time to serve on our board. ENo
error.
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
5. The conversation with her A mother had a more
profound B affect on her C than D she expected. E
No error.
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
6. The A President and the B Speaker of the House
found the C Congressional Republicans’ filibusters
to be D all together specious. E No error.
a. A
b.
c.
d.
e.
B
C
D
E
7. A Professor Lane, our B Computer Science
teacher, was excited when he had the opportunity
to meet C Bill Gates, the D president of Microsoft,
Inc.E No error.
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
8. Do you think A they B will C except our plan D
without an argument? E No error.
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
9. “They A had went to the lake B without me C by
the time D I got there,” said Jacques. E No error.
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
10. Work A as quick B as you C can but D as carefully
as possible when you take the test. E No error.
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ESSAY
1. In the Philippines, Estate tax is a tax imposed upon the privilege of the transferor (deceased) to transfer property or
rights to another (heirs). Do you agree with the imposition of estate tax?
2. Assume that you feel strongly about one political candidate and are willing to support that candidate on all fours until
election day. What is your stance regarding the current trend of unfriending people on social media who actively
support opposing candidates?
LOGIC
ARGUMENTS
INSTRUCTIONS: Relying on your natural sense of what
follows from various statements and your
commonsense knowledge of the world, determine for
each of the following arguments (1) whether the
premises are true, (2) whether the argument is valid
or invalid and (3) whether the argument is sound or
unsound.
1. P1 There are banana stands in Bolivia and
Afghanistan.
C There is an Afghanistan banana stand.
a.
b.
c.
d.
P1
P1
P1
P1
is true. C is false. Invalid. Sound
false & C is true. Valid. Sound.
& C are true. Valid. Sound.
& C are false. Invalid. Unsound.
2. P1 Alaska is bigger than New York state.
P2 New York state is bigger than Rhode Island.
C Alaska is bigger than Rhode Island.
a.
b.
c.
d.
3.
P1,
P1,
P1,
P1,
P2
P2
P2
P2
&
&
&
&
C
C
C
C
are
are
are
are
false. Invalid. Sound.
true. Valid. Sound.
true. Valid. Unsound
false. Invalid. Unsound.
If I plant a tree, then I will get dirt under my nails.
I didn’t get dirt under my nails. Therefore, I didn’t
plant a tree.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Valid (contrapositive reasoning)
Invalid (canceling hypotheses)
Invalid (complex question)
Invalid (false analogy)
4. If I don’t change my oil regularly, my engine will
die. My engine died. Thus, I didn’t change my oil
regularly.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Invalid (fallacy of converse)
Invalid (fallacy of necessity)
Valid ((contrapositive reasoning)
Invalid (existential fallacy)
5. All frogs are amphibians. All frogs have gills.
Therefore, all amphibians have gills.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Invalid (leaping to conclusion)
Invalid (reasoning in a Circle)
Invalid (false chain)
Valid (non sequitur)
6. You will meet a tall, handsome stranger or you will
stay home and pick fleas off of your cat. You didn’t
meet and tall, handsome stranger. Therefore, you
stayed home and picked fleas off of your cat.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Invalid (false chain)
Invalid (post hoc)
Invalid (inductive generalization)
Valid (disjunctive syllogism)
7. If I don’t tie my shoes, then I trip. I didn’t tie my
shoes. Hence, I tripped.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Invalid (missing the point)
Valid (direct reasoning)
Invalid (secundum quid et simpliciter)
Invalid (leaping to conclusion)
8. All racers live dangerously. Gomer is a racer.
Therefore, Gomer lives dangerously.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Invalid (strawman)
Invalid (ignoratio elenchi)
Invalid (exception fallacy)
Valid (direct reasoning)
9. If you aren’t polite, you won’t be treated with
respect. You aren’t treated with respect. Therefore,
you aren’t polite.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Invalid (false metaphor)
Valid (transitive reasoning)
Invalid (fallacy of converse)
Invalid (begging the question)
10. If you are kind to a puppy, then he will be your
friend. You weren’t kind to that puppy. Hence, he
isn’t your friend.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Valid (ad nauseum)
Invalid (appeal to force)
Invalid (irrelevant conclusion)
Invalid (fallacy of inverse)
11. If you drink Surge, then you won’t fall off of your
skateboard. You fell off of your skateboard.
Therefore, you didn’t drink Surge.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Valid (contrapositive reasoning)
Invalid (secundum quid et simpliciter)
Invalid (repetition)
Invalid (appeal to god)
12. If I don’t pay my income taxes, then I file for an
extension or I am a felon. I’m not a felon and I
didn’t file for an extension. Therefore, I paid my
income taxes.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Invalid (ad baculum)
Invalid (ad populum)
Invalid (fallacy of inverse)
Valid (use truth table)
13. I wash the dishes or I don’t eat. I eat. Thus, I wash
the dishes.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Invalid (complex question)
Invalid (dicto simpliciter)
Valid (disjunctive syllogism)
Invalid (generalization )
14. All protons are subatomic particles. All neutrons are
subatomic particles. Hence, all protons are
neutrons.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Valid (contrapositive reasoning)
Invalid (false chain)
Invalid (leaping to conclusion)
Invalid (hasty induction)
15. All sneaks are devious. All swindlers are sneaks.
Therefore, all swindlers are devious.
a. Invalid (fallacy of exclusion)
b. Invalid (bifurcation)
c. Invalid (ad misericordiam)
d. Valid (transitive reasoning)
16. All superheroes wear capes. The Masked Gomer
wears a cape. Hence, The Masked Gomer is a
superhero.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Invalid (fallacy of converse)
Valid (transitive reasoning)
Invalid (exception fallacy)
Invalid (gambler’s fallacy)
17. All wolverines are cuddly. No weasels
wolverines. Thus, no weasels are cuddly.
a.
b.
c.
d.
are
Valid (disjunctive syllogism)
Invalid (fallacy of inverse)
Invalid (logical inconsistency)
Invalid (false chain)
—------------------------------------------------Identify the fallacy each premise commits.
18. DeLay argues that stem-cell research is immoral.
But DeLay is an ultra right-wing lunatic who’s
incapable of thinking objectively. Obviously his
argument is non-sense.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Ad hominem abusive
Reification
Personal Inconsistency
Misplaced Concreteness
19. Barbara Striesand, Paul Newman and Julia Roberts
are Democrats. Therefore all Hollywood stars are
Democrats.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Inconsistency
Hasty generalization
Poisoning the Well
Red Herring
20. The ship of state is like a ship at sea. No sailor is
allowed to protest orders from the captain. So no
citizens should be allowed to protest presidential
policies.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Weak Analogy
Polarization
Alleged Certainty
Destroying the Exception
21. Smirnoff is the best vodka available: renowned
violinist Pichas Zukerman says, “When it comes to
vodka, Smirnof plays second fiddle to none.”
a. Converse Accident
b. Gambler’s Fallacy
c. Inductive Generalization
d. Appeal to Authority
22. Poet Allen Ginsburg argued in favor of legalizing
pornography. But Ginsberg’s arguments are just
trash: He was a marijuana-smoking homosexual
and advocate of the drug culture.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Questionable Cause
Ad hominem abusive
Special Pleading
Discredit
23. Freedom of speech is constitutionally guaranteed,
so you can’t arrest someone for inciting a riot.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Post Hoc
Black and White Thinking
Accident
Logical Inconsistency
24. There’s a lot of talk these days about getting the
pesticides out of our fruits and vegetables. But
many of these foods are essential to our health.
Carrots are an excellent source of vitamin A,
broccoli is rich in iron, and oranges and grapefruits
have lots of vitamin C.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Red Herring
Slippery Slope
Tu Quoque
Appeal to Force
25. The position open in the accounting department
should be given to Frank. He’s got six hungry
children to feed and his wife needs an operation to
save her eyesight.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Appeal to Celebrity
Existential fallacy
Exception fallacy
Appeal to Pity
26. President Bush argues that we should open up the
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge for oil drilling. But
Bush just wants to reward his rich cronies in the oil
industry, so we can’t take his arguments seriously.
a. Ad Hominem Circumstantial
b. False Division
c. Reductio ad Absurdum
d. Logical Inconsistency
27. Whoever puts a knife in another person deserves
to go to jail, so surgeons should be locked up.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Missing the Point
Accident
Special Pleading
Polarization
28. Nietzsche’s philosophy is a load of rubbish. He was
an atheist, and called himself an immoralist; he
probably died of syphilis.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Assertion
Ad Hominem Abusive
Destroying the Exception
Social Conformance
29. The editors of the Daily Register have accused our
company of being one of the city’s worst water
polluters. But the Daily Register is responsible for
more pollution than we are –they own the Western
Paper Company, which discharges tons of chemical
waste into the river every day.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Repetition
Ad Hominem – hypocrisy
Misplaced Concreteness
Weak Analogy
30. Senator Barrow advocates increased Social Security
benefits for the poor. It’s regrettable that he finds
it necessary to embrace socialism. Socialism
defeats initiative, takes away promised rewards
and leads to inefficiency and big government. It
was tried and failed in Europe. Clearly socialism is
no good.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Biased Sample
Appeal to Novelty
Straw person
Complex Question
31. I know some of you oppose the appointment of
Cole as the new sales manager. But I am sure you
will see that he’s well-qualified for the job. If he’s
not appointed, we may have to cut some personnel
in your department.
a. Cum Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc
b. From Ignorance
c. Hasty Generalization
d. Appeal to Force
32. Animal rights activists say that animals are abused
in biomedical research labs. But actually, pets are
abused by their owners every day, and probably
about 25% of pet owners neglect their pets. Some
cases of abuse are enough to make you sick.
a. Red Herring
b. Post hoc, ergo propter hoc
c. Appeal to False Authority
d. Cherry-picking
—------------------------------------------------Identify the argument form that best fits the
passage, if any, and then state whether the
argument is valid.
33. Select the statement that is the negation of “If you
are a lizard, then you have hotlips.”
a. You are a lizard and you don’t have hot lips.
b. You are a lizard or you don’t have hot lips.
c. You aren’t a lizard or you have hot lips.
d. If you aren’t a lizard, then you don’t have hot lips.
34. Select the statement that is logically equivalent to
“Class is cancelled or this is not my lucky day.”
a. Class is cancelled and this is not my lucky day.
b. Class is not cancelled and this is my lucky day.
c. Class is not cancelled or this is my lucky day.
d. If class is not cancelled then this is not my lucky
day.
waste so much paper.
b. My laptop breaks and I am able to waste so much
paper.
c. My laptop doesn’t break or I am able to waste so
much paper.
d. If I am able to waste so much paper, then my
laptop didn’t break.
37. Select the statement that is logically equivalent to
“If you want to be on my team, then you like
getting bossed around.”
a. If you don’t like getting bossed around, then you
don’t want to be on my team.
b. If you don’t want to be on my team, then you
don’t like getting bossed around.
c. If you like getting bossed around, then you want
to be on my team.
d. A, B, & C are all correct.
e. Stop whining and get to work.
38. Select the statement that is the negation of “Some
of us don’t have our textbooks.”
a. None of us have our textbooks.
b. Some of us have our textbooks.
c. All of us have our textbooks.
d. We have this website instead.
39. Select the statement that is logically equivalent to
“If you have passed MAC4411, then you can’t
receive credit for MGF1106.”
a. You haven’t passed MAC4411 or you can’t receive
credit for MGF1106.
b. If you can receive credit for MGF1106, then you
haven’t passed MAC4411.
c. All of those who have passed MAC4411 are
ineligible to receive credit for MGF1106.
d. A, B and C are all correct.
35. Select the statement that is logically equivalent to
“If an offer sounds too good to be true, then I’m
interested.”
a. An offer sounds too good to be true or I’m
interested.
b. An offer doesn’t sound too good to be true, or I’m
interested.
c. An offer sounds too good to be true and I’m not
interested.
d. If I’m interested in an offer, then it sounds too
good to be true.
40. Select the statement that is logically equivalent to
“You can pick your friends or you can pick your
nose.”
a. You can’t pick your friends and you can’t pick your
nose.
b. You can’t pick your friends or you can’t pick your
nose.
c. If you can’t pick your friends then you can pick
your nose.
d. ...but you can’t pick your friend’s nose.
36. Select the statement that is the negation of “If my
computer breaks, then I won’t be able to waste so
much paper.”
a. If my laptop doesn’t break then I will be able to
41. Select the statement that is logically equivalent to
“If you eat that day-old burrito, you will use lots of
hot sauce.”
a. If you didn’t use lots of hot sauce, then you didn’t
eat that day-old burrito.
b. If you don’t eat that day-old burrito, then you
won’t use lots of hot sauce.
c. C. If you used lots of hot sauce, then you ate that
day-old burrito.
d. D. A, B, & C are all equivalent to the given
statement.
42. Select the statement that is the negation of “All
bulldogs are sweet and some poodles are mean.”
a. No bulldogs are sweet and some poodles aren’t
mean.
b. No bulldogs are sweet or some poodles aren’t
mean.
c. Some bulldogs aren’t sweet and no poodles are
mean.
d. Some bulldogs aren’t sweet or no poodles are
mean.
43. Select the statement that is the negation of “If
some bees fly into your face, then all of your plans
for the day are ruined.”
a. If no bees fly into your face, then all of your plans
for the day are ruined.
b. If some bees fly into your face, then some of your
plans for the day aren’t ruined.
c. C. Some bees fly into your face and some of your
plans for the day aren’t ruined.
d. D. No bees fly into your face and none of your
plans for the day are ruined.
44. Select the statement that is logically equivalent to
“If all of us are OK, then all of them are losers.”
a. If all of them are losers, then all of us are OK.
b. Some of us are OK and all of them are losers.
c. If some of them aren’t losers, then some of us
aren’t OK.
d. If some of us aren’t OK, then some of them aren’t
losers.
46. Select the statement that is the negation of “If all
things are considered, then I listen to public radio.”
a. If I don’t listen to public radio, then some things
aren’t considered.
b. If all things are considered then I don’t listen to
public radio.
c. Some things aren’t considered or I listen to public
radio.
d. All things are considered and I don’t listen to
public radio.
47. Select the statement that is logically equivalent to
“We make a first down or we punt.”
a. If we don’t make a first down, then we punt.
b. We punt or we make a first down.
c. Both A & B.
d. None of these.
48. Select the statement that is the negation of “No
campaign promises are sincere.”
a. Some campaign promises are sincere.
b. Some campiagn promises are insincere.
c. C. All campaign promises are insincere.
d. D. All camping prom roses are sinister.
49. Select the statement that is logically equivalent to
"No elephants are forgetful."
a. If you aren't an elephant, then you are forgetful.
b. B. If you are an elephant, then you aren't
forgetful.
c. C. If you aren't forgetful, then you are an
elephant.
d. D. All of these.
VERBAL REASONING
45. Select the statement that is logically equivalent to
“If I lock my cat in the house, then she beats up
the dog.”
a. I lock my cat in the house and she doesn’t beat
up the dog.
b. I don’t lock my cat in the house or she beats up
the dog.
c. If I don’t lock my cat in the house, then she
doesn’t beat up the dog.
d. None of these.
Identify the argument form that best fits the
passage, if any, and then state whether the
argument is valid.
For 1-5.
Instituted in 1979 as a temporary measure to limit
population growth, China’s one child policy remains in force
today and is likely to continue for another decade. China’s
population control policy has attracted criticism because of
the manner in which it is enforced, and also because of its
social repercussions. Supporters of the Chinese
government’s policy consider it a necessary measure to
curb extreme overpopulation, which has resulted in a
reduction of an estimated 300 million people in its first
twenty years. Not only is a reduced population
environmentally beneficial, it also increases China’s per
capita gross domestic product. The one-child policy has led
to a disparate ratio of males to females – with abortion,
abandonment and infanticide of female infants resulting
from a cultural preference for sons. Furthermore, Draconian
measures such as forced sterilization are strongly opposed
by critics as a violation of human reproduction rights. The
one-child policy is enforced strictly in urban areas, whereas
in provincial regions fines are imposed on families with
more than one child. There are also exceptions to the rules
– for example, ethnic minorities. A rule also allows couples
without siblings to have two children – a provision which
applies to millions of sibling-free adults now of child-bearing
age.
both the policy’s manner of enforcement and its social
repercussions are criticised – but does not state which is
the main criticism. So based on the information we are
given, we cannot say.
4. Families with more than one child are more
common in China’s rural areas.
a. True
b. False
c. Cannot Say
Answer: C. Cannot Say - While the 7th sentence states that
the policy is enforced less strictly in provincial regions,
comparative figures are not provided. One might deduce
this statement is likely given what we are told, but we are
not told explicitly if this is true or false, therefore we cannot
say.
5. Families with more than one child are more
common in China’s rural areas.
a. True
b. False
c. Cannot Say
1. China’s one-child policy increases the country’s
wealth.
a. True
b. False
c. Cannot Say
Answer: C. Cannot Say - The fourth sentence states that
the policy increases China’s per capita gross domestic
product, however this is just one economic indicator and is
based on output per person. The passage does not tell us
if overall, the country as a whole has increased wealth due
to the one child policy. Since the passage does not tell us
either
way,
we
must
respond
Cannot
Say.
2. The passage suggests that two-child families will
dramatically increase, as sibling-free adults reach
child-bearing
age.
a. True
b. False
c. Cannot Say
Answer: A. True - The fifth sentence tells us that “a
disparate ratio of males to females” is the result of “a
cultural preference for sons”. Whilst it might be impossible
to make assumptions about what each parent’s preference
is, the key word in the statement in “general” which means
we can look at the overall trend, in this case towards sons.
For number 6:
The Mojave Desert occupies portions of California, Nevada,
Utah and Arizona in the United States. The desert is named
after the Mohave tribe of Native Americans, and it displays
typical basin and range topography. The Mojave Desert
receives less than three hundred millimeters of rain a year
and is generally between 2000 and 5000 feet in elevation.
The desert experiences temperature extremes at both ends
of the spectrum depending on the season. During winter
temperatures may drop to around -18 °C at higher
elevations. During summer, the temperature may rise to
over 49 °C, making it the hottest place in the United States.
Answer: B. False - The last sentence merely presents the
fact that millions of sibling-free couples are able to have
two children, and does not speculate as to the implications
3. The main criticism of China’s one-child policy is that
it violates human rights.
a. True
b. False
c. Cannot Say
Answer: C. Cannot Say - The second sentence states that
6. How much rain falls in the Mojave Desert per year?
a. 300 mm
b. 30 mm
c. 330 mm
d. Cannot say
Correct answer: D - The passage does not state an exact
amount of rainfall, making this the correct answer.
For
number
7:
The Japanese asset price bubble collapse lead to the
economic period known as “the lost decade” in Japan from
1991 to 2000. During the 1970s and 1980s Japan’s
economic growth was particularly strong; fuelling
speculation that Japan would rise, effectively, to
superpower status. However, abnormalities within the
Japanese economic system fuelled massive amounts of
speculation from Japanese firms. High property prices
combined with low interest rates lead to large amounts of
borrowing and heavy investment in domestic and foreign
stock. However, the finance ministry realized this was an
asset bubble, and subsequently raised interest rates, which
in turn caused a crash in the stock market, leading to the
bursting of the Japanese asset price bubble.
item.
1.
7. What economic conditions caused the large
amounts of borrowing in Japan?
a. High interest rates, low property prices
b. High interest rates, high property prices
c. Low Interest rates, low property prices.
a. Low interest rates, high property prices
a.
b.
Correct answer: D - The passage states low interest rates
and high property prices lead to large amounts of borrowing
and heavy investment; therefore, this answer is the correct
answer.
For number 57:
Stagflation (portmanteau of stagnation and inflation) is a
situation in which the inflation rate of a country’s currency
slows down, and the unemployment rate remains steadily
high. It causes a dilemma with regards to public policy since
actions designed to lower inflation may exacerbate
unemployment and vice versa. One measure of stagflation,
termed the misery index (addition of inflation rate to
unemployment rate) has been used to assess levels of
stagflation, and was even used to swing presidential
elections in the United States in 1976 and 1980.
8. What conditions lead to stagflation?
a. High unemployment, high inflation
b. Low unemployment, low inflation
c. High unemployment, low inflation
d. Low
unemployment,
high
inflation
Correct answer: C - The passage states that stagflation
occurs when “the inflation rate of a country’s currency slows
down, and the unemployment rate remains steadily high;”
therefore this is the correct answer.
c.
ANSWER: C
d.
2.
a.
b.
—------------------------------------------------LOGICAL REASONING
Choose the figure that best fits the question mark in each
c.
ANSWER: C
d.
ANSWER: A
5.
3.
a.
a.
b.
b.
c.
c.
ANSWER: B
d.
d.
ANSWER: D
d.
4.
6.
a.
a.
b.
b.
c.
c.
ANSWER: C
d.
a.
b.
c.
7.
ANSWER: A
d.
ABSTRACT REASONING
1. Choose the image that completes the pattern.
Explanation: Across a row, the shape rotates 90° (turns
¼ circle) clockwise. Down a column, the number of white
squares gets larger by one, (the number of blue squares
decreases by one). Throughout the matrix, the middle
square
(in
every
frame)
is
yellow.
We can eliminate answer choice 2, because it does not
contain
a
yellow
square.
ANSWER: 5
Explanation: There are two rules in this set:
The first rule is that there is a shape in the top left corner
of the frame and in the bottom left-hand corner alternately.
There is a shape in the top right corner of the frame and in
the bottom right corner alternately. This rule creates a
wave-like pattern of shapes if you look at the sequence of
frames. This rule already disqualifies answers 1 and 2.
The second rule concerns the shapes in the upper part of
the frames only (the shapes in the bottom are only
distracters and do not follow a distinct rule). You can see
that every two frames, the number of sides (of the shape)
decreases by one (a pentagon, a square and a triangle).
When the shape is in the right side of the frame, it will be
duplicated in the left side of the next frame, and be replaced
in the following frame.
Across the bottom row, we have one blue square and three
white squares. In the left frame, the blue square is to the
left. In the middle frame the shape rotates 90° (turns ¼
circle) and the blue square is now at the top. In the missing
frame, the shape should again rotate 90° putting the blue
square to the right. We can further eliminate answer
choices 1 and 3, because the blue square is not at the right.
We can also eliminate answer choice 4, because it does not
contain
a
blue
square.
We are left with answer choice 5, which is the correct
answer.
3. What figure on the right replaces the question mark
on the left?
Therefore, the correct answer is 5, as the triangle is
duplicated in the right place. Answer 4 may be distracting
as a triangle is present, but not in the right place.
2. Choose the image that completes the pattern.
Answer: R2 C3
Explanation:
Rule 1: From left to right, the total number of shapes in the
first and second box is equal to the total number of shapes
in the third box.
Answer: 5
Rule 2: From left to right, the total number of shaded
shapes increases by one each time.
4. What figure on the right replaces the question mark
on the left?
Explanation:
Rule 1: From left to right, the hand on the left rotates 45 ̊
clockwise each time. This pattern continues onto the next
row.
Rule 2:From top to bottom, the hand on the right rotates
90 ̊ counterclockwise each time. This pattern continues
onto the next column.
6. Complete the sequence
Answer: R2 C4
Explanation:
Rule 1: From top to bottom, the shaded segment of the
pentagon moves one place clockwise each time. This
pattern continues onto the next column.
Rule 2: From left to right, the shaded segment of the circle
moves one place counterclockwise each time. This pattern
continues onto the next row.
5. What figure on the right replaces the question mark
on the left?
Answer:
R2
Answer: B
Explanation: Each tile contains 2 overlapping shapes, 1
larger than the other. As the 2 shapes overlap a new,
smaller shape if created inside the first large shape. The
large shape in the following tile corresponds directly with
this new shape that was created. When the shapes overlap
the largest bisection is always within the biggest shape.
7. Which figure is the odd one out?
C4
Answer: C
Explanation: Figure C is the odd one out. It is the only
figure which does not contain one of
each of the sets of shapes, the second and fifth are
identical.
8. Which figure completes the grid?
Answer: C
Explanation: The halves of the grid are mirror images in
the vertical plane
9. Which figure completes the statement?
Answer: D
Explanation: ’U’ shape rotates by 90 degrees with each
turn. Circle changes position in the ’U’ shape as it appears
in each segment with each turn. Triangle appears in same
position within the ‘U’ shape on each alternate turn. So the
correct answer is D
12. Look at the two sets of shapes. Then determine
whether a test shape belongs in Set A, Set B or
neither.
Answer: B
Explanation: The whole figure is rotated through 90
degrees anticlockwise. Option B is the
correct answer.
10. Which figure completes the statement?
Answer: D
Explanation: This transformation follows three rules
depending on the colour of the squares on each end of the
three lines. If both squares are white, they are removed. If
both squares are black, they become white. If there is a
black and a white square, then both
squares become black.
Answer: A
Explanation:
11. Which box follows the sequence?
Set A: If the arrow points upwards, it crosses only the
square. If it points to any other direction it crosses both the
square and the triangle.
Set B: One type of shape (triangle, arrow, etc.) appears 3
times.
The test shape belongs to set A, since the arrow points
upwards
and
crosses
the
square.
13.
Answer:
Answer: < < < >
Explanation: Each cell contains four arrowheads, some
pointing left, and some pointing right. The last cell in each
row is a combination of the first two arrowhead of the first
cell, then the last two arrowhead of the middle cell. So, if
we look at our top row, the first two arrowheads in first cell
are < < and the last two arrowheads of middle cell are <
>. If we combine them, we get < < < >.
15. The Original Figures on the left go through a
manufacturing process that, by pressing the
buttons in the middle, produces the Final Figures
on the left. Find out the final figures for the
question box below.
Explanation: The relationship between figure X and figure
Y is as follows:
Figure Y represents figure X with:
1) The dotted section becoming white, and
2) The white section becoming shaded
Answer:
The correct answer must have the same relationship with
figure Z.
Answer 2 can be eliminated as the blank section remains
blank, and the dotted section becomes shaded instead of
becoming blank.
Answer 3 can be eliminated as the dotted section remains
dotted.
Answer 4 can be eliminated as the blank section becomes
dotted instead of becoming shaded, and the dotted section
becomes shaded instead of becoming blank.
Answer 5 can be eliminated as the blank section becomes
dotted instead of shaded.
We are left with answer 1, which is the correct answer, as
it portrays figure Z while the blank section becomes shaded
and the dotted section becomes blank.
14. Supply the missing question mark.
Explanation:
The first thing that has to be done is to find what buttons
1, 3 and 5 do.
From the first line, we see that the original figure (the three
shapes to the left) goes through two transformations to
form the figure on the right: (i) a change in the shapes
(square to circle, or circle to square); and (ii) a change in
colours (black to white, or vice versa). Two buttons are
active in this line (1 and 2); however, we still don’t know
which one changes the shape, or which one changes the
colour.
The second line also shows a figure that swaps the colour
of its three shapes, but there is no change in those shapes.
This time, buttons 2, 3 and 4 are ‘active’ – so, button 2 (the
only common ‘active’ button with line 1) must be the one
that swaps colours; and we can now deduce that it is button
1 that changes (or toggles) the shapes. Buttons 3 and 4
must, then, be the ones that modify the horizontal and
vertical lines, so we will need to refer to the third line to
work out their individual functions.
In line three, because buttons 1 and 2 are ‘inactive’, we
know that there will be no transformation of colour or
shape. Buttons 4 and 5 are ‘active’, and we can see that
the right figure has been made smaller and a vertical line
removed. Line 3 shares only one active button with line 2
(i.e. button 4), and there is only one common
transformation between these lines: the vertical line has
been switched ‘on’ or ‘off’. Therefore, button 4 is a vertical
line toggle switch, which means (from the previous line)
that button 3 must be the on/off toggle for horizontal lines.
Button 5, therefore, can only be for changing (or toggling)
the size of the shapes in the figure (from big to small, or
vice versa).
We can now summarise the button functions thus:
●
●
●
Button 1 – toggles the shapes within the figure
(squares to circles, and vice versa)
Button 3 – toggles the horizontal lines on or off
Button 5 – toggles the size (big or small) of the
shapes within the figure.
Now, we can apply those button functions to our question
line:
●
●
●
Button 1 – will change the figure to a circle and a
square.
Button 3 – will add a horizontal line to all shapes in
the figure.
Button 5 – will toggle the shape sizes – the first
from big to small, and the second from small to big.
MATHEMATICS
COMMON NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
1. Factor:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
a3 – 27
(a – 3)3
(a + 3)(a – 3)
(a2 – 9)(a + 3)
(a – 3)(a2 + 3a + 9)
None of the above
2. The sum of the digits of a three-digit number is 12.
The tens digit is two more than the ones digit. The
hundreds digit is five less than three times the ones
digit. What is the number?
a. 642
b. 453
c. 831
d. 660
e. None of the above
3. If Cyril were three times as old as he was five years
ago, he will be sixty less than six times his current
age. How old is Cyril?
a. 60
b. 30
c. 25
d. 15
e. None of the above
4. The Daily Bugle offers advertisement space at P98
a page printed in colored. How many pages would
P2,450 buy?
a. 35
b. 30
c. 25
d. 20
e. None of the above
5. How much water should be added to one liter of
pure alcohol to make a mixture of 50% alcohol?
a. 1 liter
b. b. 2 liters
c. c. 1.5 liters
d. 0.5 liters
e. None of the above
6. Sixty-three more than four-fifths of a number
equals 111. What is the number?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
60
48
54
32
None of the above
7. The ratio of votes for Raf to votes for Jayson in an
election is 13:5. There were a total of 1,530 votes.
How many people voted for Jayson?
a. 1105
b. 680
c. 425
d. 85
e. None of the above
8. The sum of three positive consecutive integers is
less than 346. What pair of numbers has the
greatest sum?
a. 111, 112, 113
b. 103, 104, 105
c. 114, 115, 116
d. 115, 116, 117
e. None of the above
9. Simon is nine years older than Jairus. Simon is four
times as old as Joter was three years ago. Joter is
eighteen years younger than Marshall. How old is
Jairus?
a. 10
b. 12
c. 19
d. 28
e. None of the above
10. Emarlu played a few games of bowling. In the third
game he scored 80 more than in the second game.
In the first game he scored 110 less than in the
third game. His total score for the first two games
was 208. If he wants an average score of 146, what
must he score in the fourth game?
a. 89
b. 119
c. 177
d. 199
e. None of the above
11. Evaluate: 1 + 16 ÷ 2 • 8 – 10
a. –8
b. 8
c. 53
d. 0
e. None of the above
Work and Distance Problems
12. Two passenger buses left the bus terminal at the
same time in opposite directions. The first bus is
traveling at 325 kph and the other at 275 kph. How
long will it take for the buses to be 2,700 kilometers
apart?
a. 4 hours
b. 270 minutes
c. 5 hours
d. 4.5 minutes
e. None of the above
Explanation:
Working Equation: Distance = Rate x Time
Set up the table:
Rate
Time
Distance
First Bus
325
t
325t
km/hour
Second
275
t
275t
Bus
km/hour
Set out the equation and solve:
Distance of First bus from origin + Distance of
Second bus from origin = 2700
325t + 275t = 2700
600t = 2700
t = 4.5 hours
13. Miguel leaves home and walks to campus at a rate
of 60 meters per minute. Ten minutes later, his
brother Paolo leaves home and walks at a faster
pace of 100 meters per minute. If the school is 900
meters away, who reaches the school earlier, and
by how many minutes is he earlier than his brother?
a. Miguel, 220
b. Paolo, 220
c. Miguel, 240
d. Paolo, 240
e. None of the above
Explanation:
Working Equation: Distance = Rate x Time
Set up the table:
Rate
Time
Distance
Miguel
60
900 meters
𝑡𝑚
meters/min (minutes)
ute
Paolo
100
𝑡𝑝 (minutes) 900 meters
meters/min
ute
Set out the equation and solve:
a. Look first for the time each took to reach
their destination.
Miguel:
Distance =
Miguel’s Rate x
Miguel’s Time
900 = 60 × 𝑡𝑚
900
= 𝑡𝑚
60
15 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 = 𝑡𝑚
Paolo:
Distance = Paolo’s
Rate x Paolo’s
Time
900 = 100 × 𝑡𝑝
900
= 𝑡𝑚
100
9 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 = 𝑡𝑚
b. Note that Miguel went ahead and was 10
minutes earlier than Paolo. After 10
minutes of walking, when Paolo just
started walking, Miguel now only needs
another 5 minutes to reach their campus.
After another 5 minutes of walking, Miguel
already reached the campus while Paolo
still needed another 4 minutes or 240
seconds of walking time to reach this
destination. Hence, Miguel is 240
seconds earlier than Paolo.
14. Coming from his house, a cyclist travels north and
covers a distance of 34 km in 2.5 hours. The cyclist
then returns to his house with a busted tire at a
rate of 8.5kph but stopped for 30 minutes in a tire
repair shop along his route. How many minutes
were he out of his house?
a. 50
b. 250
c. 300
d. 500
e. None of the above
Explanation:
1 1 1 1
+
+ =
4 12 𝑥 2
(3 +1)
1
1
+ =
Working Equation: Distance = Rate x Time
Set up the table:
Rate
Time
Distance
Northbound 34 km/2.5
2.5
34km
hours or 13.6 hours
km/hour
Return trip 8.5 km/hour
t hours 34km
12
4
12
1
3
Set up the equation and solve:
We look first for the time he took for the return trip.
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 =
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝
34
=
8.5
= 4 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
Note that the cyclist stopped for 30 minutes during
his return trip in a tire repair shop.
𝑥
1
2
1
𝑥
1
2
1
+ =
+ =
𝑥
1
𝑥
1
𝑥
1
𝑥
2
1
= −
=
=
1
2
3
(3−2)
6
1
6
𝑥 = 6 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 + 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 + 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
= 2.5 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 + 4 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 + 30 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
= 2.5 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 + 4 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 + 0.5 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
= 5 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑟 300 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
15. Romel, Ronel, and Rona were tasked to create a
publication material for the upcoming electionrelated awareness campaign of their law firm. The
three, together, can finish the publication in just 2
days. Romel can complete the same task alone in
just 4 days while Edward can do it alone in 12 days.
How long would it take for Rona to complete the
same task all by herself?
a. 4 days
b. 6 days
c. 8 days
d. 10 days
e. None of the above
Explanation: You can use the formula for
work problems.
1
1
1
1
1
+
+
+. . . +
=
𝑤1 𝑤2 𝑤3
𝑤𝑛 𝑤𝑡
Percentage problems
16. Evaluate:
× 8% × 0.80
8.0 𝑥 10
8.0 𝑥 10
8.0 𝑥 10
8.0 𝑥 10
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
−3
−4
3
4
None of the above
Tip: Convert all terms in the expression into
a single form, preferably either into the form
of the given choices or a form that would be
easier for you to solve.
1
Explanation: 8 × 8% × 0.80
can be
rewritten as 0.125 × 0.08 × 0.80
since
Assign the values from our problem.
1
8
1
8
= 0.125 and 8% equals 0.08.
0.125 × 0.08 × 0.80 = 0.008 or 8.0 𝑥 10
−3
Romel = 𝑤1 = 4 days
Ronel = 𝑤2 = 12 days
Rona = 𝑤3 = x days (missing value)
All three together = 𝑤𝑡 = 2 days
Plug in these values in our working equation
and solve for the missing value x.
17. A certain liquid X makes up 8 percent of solution A
and 18 percent of solution B. If 3 grams of solution
A are mixed with 7 grams of solution S, then liquid
X accounts for what percent of the weight of the
resulting solution?
a. 10%
b. 13%
c. 15%
d. 19%
e. 26%
To compare the two quantities, we need to look
first for their values. Quantity II is already
explicitly stated.
For Quantity I,
Working equation:
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 =
Solution:
Let y be the
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝐶 𝑖𝑛 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
a. Set up the table of our facts.
Equations for the resulting solution would be:
10𝑦 = 3 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠 (𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝐶 𝑖𝑛 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴)
+ 7 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠 (𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝐶 𝑖𝑛 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐵)
Now, find the value of y.
10𝑦 = 3 (8%) + 7(18%)
10𝑦 = 3 (0.08) + 7(0.18)
10𝑦 = 0.24 + 1.26
10𝑦 = 1.5
𝑦 = 0.15 𝑜𝑟 15%
18. In 2012, the real estate tax on a land in the
province of Nueva Caceres was A percent of the
assessed value of the land, where A is a constant.
The real estate tax in 2012 on a land in Nueva
Scotia that had an assessed value of Php 125,000
was Php 2,500.
Compare the two quantities.
I.
The real estate tax in 2012 on a home in
Nueva Caceres that had an assessed
value of Php 160,000.
II.
Php 3,000
a.
b.
c.
d.
Quantity I is greater.
Quantity II is greater.
The two quantities are equal
The relationship cannot be determined
due to insufficient information.
e. None of the above
Explanation:
Real estate
tax (%)
Real estate
tax (value)
Assessed
value of land
A%
2,500
125,000
A%
x
160,000
b. Solve for A%
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
2,500
𝑥 % = 125,000 = 0.02 𝑥𝑥 2%
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 =
c.
Money, Cost, Profit problems
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
Solve for the missing value for the real state tax
or the part (x).
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
0.02 =
160,000
0.02 (160,000) = 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
3200 = 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 =
We now have the value for both quantities.
Comparing them we have, Quantity I (Php 3,200)
> Quantity II (Php 3,000).
Age Problem
19. Vina, Ivan’s sister, is 4 times older than Ivan. Ivan
is twice as old as his brother Ian. In five years, the
sum of the ages of the three siblings is 70.
What is
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
the age of Vina three years ago?
33
34
35
36
37
Explanation:
Assign values for each variable
Let
x = Ian’s age
2x = Ivan’s age (since he’s currently
twice as old as his brother Ian)
4(2x) = 8x = Vina’s age (since she is 4
times older than Ivan)
Set-up the table comparing their current age
and their age in 5 years.
Current Age
Age in 5
years
Ian
x
x+5
Ivan
2x
2x + 5
Vina
8x
8x + 5
Set-up the equation given in the problem
using the values in the table.
Consecutive Integer Problem
20. There are three consecutive even positive integers.
The sum of the least and the middle integers is 98.
Find the value of the greatest integer of the three.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
48
50
52
54
56
Explanation:
Determine first the nature of the three
consecutive numbers
a. Even - multiples of 2 so you can use
the term 2x instead of just x for the
first of the three consecutive natural
numbers
b. Natural Numbers - (1,2,3,4,...)
Examples would be 2, 4, and 6.
(In five years, the sum of the ages of the three siblings is 70)
(Ian’s age in 5 years) + (Ivan’s age in 5 years)
+ (Vina’s age in 5 years) = 70
(x+5) + (2x+5) + (8x+5) = 70
(Combine all like terms (i.e. all x’s, all constants) together)
11x + 15 = 70
11x = 70 - 15
11x = 55
x=5
Now that you have the value for x, input the
value in your expression to determine the
missing value.
Missing value in the problem: age of Vina
three years ago
(Age of Vina three years ago) = (Current age
of Vina) - 3
Age of Vina three years ago = 8x - 3
Age of Vina three years ago = 8(5) - 3
Age of Vina three years ago = 37
Assign the terms for your three consecutive
numbers
First Number = 2x
Second Number = 2x + 2
Third Number = 2x + 4
We used (+2) and (+4) for the second and
third numbers respectively to reflect the
numbers being even, consecutive, and
natural.
Set-up the equation
(Sum of the least and the middle natural number is 98)
(Least or First) + (Middle or Second) = 98
(2x) + (2x+2) = 98
(4x +2) = 98
4x = 98 -2
4x = 96
x = 96 / 4
x = 24
22. Alec has a study box full of colored notebooks. He
has 6 blue notebooks, 4 purple notebooks, 3 red
notebooks, and 5 green notebooks, randomly
arranged inside his box. He needs to return these
notebooks back to his friend’s house by 4:00 PM to
make sure that he won’t be scolded for being late.
Every minute past the 4:00PM mark that he is not
able to return the notebooks, diminishes the
probability of him not being scolded for being late
by 0.75%.
Now that you have the value for x, input the
value in your expression to determine the
missing value.
Missing value: greatest natural number of
the three or the third number
2x + 4 = 2(24) + 4 = 48 +4 = 52
Probability/Combinatorics problems
I.
21. What is the probability of not drawing a red queen
from an ordinary deck of cards?
a. 1/52
b. 1/26
c. 25/52
d. 25/26
e. None of the above
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Explanation:
Explanation:
Ordinary deck of cards has 52 cards with 4 suits:
spades, clubs, hearts, and diamonds.
Working equation:
What is the probability that Alec will
choose a red notebook?
16.666…%
14.2929…%
12.5%
11.111…%
None of the above
Working equation:
𝑃(𝐸)
=
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
𝑃(𝐸)
=
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
Substitute the values:
Favorable outcomes are those that are not red
queens and there are two possible red queens
(queen of hearts and queen of diamonds).
Number of favorable outcomes = Total number of
possible outcomes - 2
Number of favorable outcomes = 52 - 2 = 50
Favorable Outcomes: 3 red notebooks
Total number of possible outcomes: 6 blue
notebooks + 4 purple notebooks + 3 red
notebooks + 5 green notebooks = 18
Probability that Alec picks a red notebook =
1
6
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
50
25
𝑃(𝐸) =
𝑜𝑟
52
26
18
=
𝑜𝑟 16.666. . . %
I.
𝑃(𝐸)
=
3
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
What is the probability that Alec will
choose a notebook that is not colored
blue and that he will be scolded if he was
able to return the notebooks by 5:02 PM?
35.6%
53.5%
66.7%
87.5%
88.9%
None of the above
Explanation:
The two events (choosing a notebook that is not
colored blue and being scolded if he was able to
return the notebooks by 5:02PM) are two
unrelated events.
Working equation for probability of multiple
unrelated events:
𝑃(𝐸)
= 𝑃1 × 𝑃2 × . . .× 𝑃𝑛 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
Working equation for probability that an event will
not occur:
𝑃(𝐸) = 1 − 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟
Assign and substitute the values into the working
equation.
𝑃1 = 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒
𝑃2 = 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝑡𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘𝑠 𝑏𝑦 5: 02𝑃𝑀
For 𝑃1 ,
No. of favorable outcomes = Not colored blue = 4
purple notebooks + 3 red notebooks + 5 green
notebooks = 12
Total number of possible outcomes = 6 + 4 + 3 + 5
= 18
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
𝑃1 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
𝑃1 =
12
18
𝑜𝑟
2
3
𝑜𝑟 66.666. . . %
For 𝑃2 ,
Note that 5:02 PM is already 62 minutes past the
4:00PM mark so he was able to incur a deduction
of (62 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 × 0.75%) or 46.5% in his
chances of not being scolded.
𝑃2 = 1 − 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑑
𝑃2 = 1 − 0.465
𝑃2 = 0.535 𝑜𝑟 53.5%
Substituting the values for 𝑃2 and 𝑃1 in our main
equation, we get:
𝑃(𝐸) = 𝑃1 × 𝑃2
𝑃(𝐸) = 0.666 × 0.535
𝑃(𝐸) = 0.35631 𝑜𝑟 35.631%
23. The 2022 Philippine General Election is scheduled
on May 9. Six (6) candidates are vying for both the
positions of president and vice president. How
many different combinations can the 6 candidates
fill the two positions?
a. 20
b. 35
c. 30
d. 35
e. None of the above
Explanation:
Tip: We use the permutation formula because
order is important. The six candidates are only
allowed to be assigned to two positions.
Permutation formula:
𝑛!
𝑛 𝑃𝑟 = (𝑛−𝑟)!, where n = total number of
objects and r = number of objects being selected.
We then substitute the values in our working
equation.
6!
(6 − 2)!
6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1
6 𝑃2 =
4 × 3 × 2 × 1
720
𝑃
=
= 30
6 2
24
6 𝑃2
Data Interpretation
=
The chart shows the number of votes received by the 5
candidates for the position of President during the 2016
National General Election.
24. If there were a total of 43,000,000 registered
voters during the election, how many voted for
Joji?
a. 5,418,000
b. 5,814,000
c. 5,148,000
d. 5,814,000
e. None of the above
Explanation:
Joji’s vote share = 12.6%
12.6% of the total registered votes = 12.6% of
43,000,000 = 0.126 x 43,000,000 = 5,418,000
25. For Maring to beat the number of votes for Rodel,
how many votes from Gracia should be allotted to
Maring instead?
a. 6,566,001
b. 6,566,000
c. 6,665,001
d. 6,665,000
e. None of the above
Explanation:
Difference of votes between Maring and Rodel =
38.8% - 23.3%
= 15.5% of the total casted votes
= 6,665,000 votes (this number will tie the results
between Maring and Rodel)
To beat the numbers of Rodel, Maring needs a
total of 6,665,000 + 1 = 6,665,001 votes from
Gracia to be allotted to her instead.
26. In Game 5 of the 2021 NBA Finals between the
Phoenix Suns and Milwaukee Bucks, the Suns were
able to overtake the Bucks for the lead at the end
of which quarter?
a. Second Quarter
b. Third Quarter
c. Fourth Quarter
d. Cannot be determined due to insufficient
information.
e. None of the above.
Explanation: There is no information given
for Game 5 of the 2021 NBA Finals. The
graph only provides data for Game 6 of the
2021 NBA Finals.
27. Based on the graph, the Bucks were able to tie the
game at the end of which quarter?
a. Second Quarter
b. Third Quarter
c. Fourth Quarter
d. Cannot be determined due to insufficient
information.
e. None of the above.
Explanation: The two lines representing the
scores of Suns and Bucks met at a single
point at the end of the third quarter indicating
that they have the same score at the end of
that quarter.
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
1. Who was the Vice President of Carlos P. Garcia?
a. Elpidio Quirino
b. Ramon Magsaysay
c. Fernando Lopez
d. Diosdado Macapagal
2. Who was the co-host of Solita “Winnie” Monsod in
the TV show “Debate with Mare and Pare” on GMA?
a. Ernesto Pernia
b. Oscar Orbos
c. Edcel Lagman
d. Mike Enriquez
3. What is
a.
b.
c.
d.
the Capital of Brazil?
Brasilia
São Paolo
Rio de Janeiro
Recife
4. Who sculpted the Renaissance masterpiece “David”
a. Leonardo Da Vinci
b. Michaelangelo
c. Raphael
d. Sandro Botticelli
5. Who was U.S. President forced to resign because
of the Watergate scandal
a. Richard Nixon
b. Gerald Ford
c. Franklin Roosevelt
d. Henry Kissinger
6. What is
a.
b.
c.
d.
the national sport of the Philippines?
Chinese Garter
Basketball
Arnis
Billiards
7. Who is the only person to have topped both the
Philippine Bar Examination and the Board Exam for
CPAs?
a. Florenz Regalado
b. Benjamin Diokno
c. Fernando Amorsolo
d. Jose Diokno
8. What type of race is the Tour de France?
a. Bicycle
b. Sports Car
c. Swimming
d. Marathon
9. Which nation switched from the Central Powers to
the Allies during WW1?
a. Greece
b. Italy
c. Serbia
d. Bulgaria
10. Who named the Philippines “Las Islas Filipinas” in
honor of Philip II of Spain?
a. Ferdinand Magellan
b. Hernan Cortes
c. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
d. Ruy Lopez de Villalobos
11. Who was the first head of the United Nations
Population Fund and dubbed “Mr. Population”?
a. Ernesto Pernia
b. Cesar Virata
c. Rafael Salas
d. Raul Manglapus
12. Who was the last presidential candidate fielded by
Aksyon Demokratiko before Isko Moreno?
a. Claro Recto
b. Fidel Ramos
c. Raul Roco
d. Gibo Teodoro
13. What is the most widely spoken language
constructed by one person intended to become a
universal language?
a. Esperanto
b. Klingon
c. Elvish
d. Española
14. What is the longest mountain range in the
Philippines?
a. Sierra Madre
b. Sierra Leone
c. Cordillera
d. Siera Padre
15. Who was the last ruler of Tondo before Spanish
rule?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Datu Sikatuna
Lapu-lapu
Lakandula
Rajah Sulayman