C1628
PIPING DESIGN BASIS
FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE
SUPPORTS
S & B ENGINEERS and
CONSTRUCTORS, LTD.
HOUSTON, TEXAS
ES-5411
PAGE 1 OF 13
SUNOCO PARTNERS MARKETING & TERMINALS
ORBIT NGL EXPORT PROJECT
NEDERLAND, TX
C-1628
REVISIONS
NO.
DATE
APPROVAL SIGNATURES
PAGES REVISED/COMMENTS
2
2/26/2001
N.E.S.
Complete Update
3
1/22/2003
N.E.S.
Complete Update
4
3/12/2012
N.E.S.
Complete Update
5
7/23/2013
J.E.S.
Updated per ASME B31.3, 2010
6
1/12/2018
J.E.S.
General Update
Notes:
(Rev. 6) January 12, 2018
S & B ENGINEERS and
CONSTRUCTORS, LTD.
HOUSTON, TEXAS
C1628
PIPING DESIGN BASIS
FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE
SUPPORTS
ES-5411
PAGE 2 OF 13
PIPING DESIGN BASIS
FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE SUPPORTS
1.0 SCOPE
The intent of this document is to provide a basis for the execution of pipe stress and pipe
support activities for this project. Specific Pipe Stress Group responsibilities include the
following:
1.1 Piping flexibility and support review for those lines designated to be reviewed based
on the criteria outlined in Section 4.0.
1.2 Design of all required special pipe supports.
1.3 Design of all spring supports, snubbers, and other engineered supports purchased
from a pipe support specialty vendor.
1.4 Design of all expansion joints and other flexible connections required by Stress.
2.0 CODES AND STANDARDS
2.1 Unless otherwise specified, all design, material, and fabrication shall be in
accordance with ASME B31.3 – 2016 Edition.
2.2 Pipe supports purchased from a specialty manufacturer shall be in accordance with
MSS standard practice SP-58.
2.3 All dimensions, loads, and other units of measure shall be in English units.
3.0 BASIC DESIGN CRITERIA
3.1 Temperature parameters:
3.1.1 Ambient: 30 °F Minimum; 95 °F Maximum
3.1.2 Installation: 70 °F
3.1.3 Solar Radiation: 120 °F
3.1.4 Steam-Out: None. Nitrogen Dryout is listed on some lines.
(Rev. 6) January 12, 2018
S & B ENGINEERS and
CONSTRUCTORS, LTD.
HOUSTON, TEXAS
PIPING DESIGN BASIS
FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE
SUPPORTS
C1628
ES-5411
PAGE 3 OF 13
3.2 Wind parameters: ASCE 7-10, Risk Category III, Basic Wind Speed = 160 MPH,
Importance Factor = 1.0, Exposure Category C. (Shape factor for pipes shall be 0.8
U.N.O.)
3.3 Emergency, upset, steam-out, or other non-operating events, if specified, shall be
considered in establishing review requirements for specific piping systems.
3.4 Fire case considerations (Relief Systems): To be defined.
3.5 Piping 24” diameter and smaller, transporting fluid with a specific gravity less than
1.0, shall be designed as if filled with water for dead load calculations.
3.6 Vapor lines over 24” diameter are to be reviewed by Engineering and Construction
on an individual basis to determine the feasibility of hydrotesting in place and to
evaluate the potential for liquid being present during an upset or overflow condition.
Preference is to design the system for potential hydrotesting unless the impact of the
liquid weight causes unreasonable cost or impact to the system design. Any systems
that are not ultimately designed for liquid hydrotest weight in the installed location
shall be clearly indicated on all isometric drawings and noted in the line list.
3.7 Temperatures utilized for determining displacement strains for computing the total
stress range for a specific thermal cycle shall be the maximum metal temperature and
the minimum metal temperature that occurs in the thermal cycle under evaluation.
3.8 Temperatures utilized for determining displacement strains for computing reactions
on equipment nozzles and restraints shall be the maximum (or minimum, as
applicable) metal temperature that occurs in the thermal cycle under evaluation and
the installation temperature.
3.9 Metal temperatures for consideration in flexibility analysis shall be as follows:
3.9.1 The fluid temperature for externally insulated piping and for uninsulated piping
when the fluid temperature is 150 °F or higher.
3.9.2 The fluid temperature for uninsulated piping when the fluid temperature is 60
°F or above, but below 150 °F. However, the metal temperature shall not be
less than 120 °F if piping is subject to solar radiation.
3.9.3 The fluid temperature for uninsulated piping when the fluid temperature is
below 60 °F.
3.9.4 To be as calculated for internally insulated piping.
(Rev. 6) January 12, 2018
S & B ENGINEERS and
CONSTRUCTORS, LTD.
HOUSTON, TEXAS
C1628
PIPING DESIGN BASIS
FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE
SUPPORTS
ES-5411
PAGE 4 OF 13
3.10 If short-term temperature excursions are specified, they must be considered for
clearances and for stress range / reaction calculations as specified in above
paragraphs 3.7 and 3.8.
3.11 The specified minimum ambient temperature shall be utilized, where applicable, for
stress range / reaction calculations as specified in above paragraphs 3.7 and 3.8.
4.0 PIPE STRESS
Piping meeting any of the criteria listed below is to be reviewed and approved by S&B’s
(Mechanical) Pipe Stress Group. In states that require it, documents per S&B’s PM-805
shall also be PE sealed prior to release for Construction/Fabrication. All other lines shall,
as a minimum, be designed by experienced Piping Designers in accordance with
applicable Code(s), industry, and company practices.
In instances where the piping design is the responsibility of a vendor or 3rd party, the
Engineer of Record for the vendor or 3rd party shall be responsible for approval of the
piping layouts and the PE sealing of their design documents (where required by state or
contractual requirements).
4.1 All lines except those falling within the shaded portion of the figure below:
4.2 All primary lines connected to rotating or reciprocating equipment such as API/ANSI
pumps, compressors, turbines, blowers, and centrifuges.
4.3 All lines 3 inch and larger connected to fired heaters, steam generators and air
coolers.
(Rev. 6) January 12, 2018
S & B ENGINEERS and
CONSTRUCTORS, LTD.
HOUSTON, TEXAS
C1628
PIPING DESIGN BASIS
FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE
SUPPORTS
ES-5411
PAGE 5 OF 13
4.4 All vertical lines connected to vertical vessels that require pipe supports or guides
from that vessel.
4.5 All lines 3 inch and larger connected to equipment that is subject to significant
(>1/2”) differential settlement. (Settlement to be specified by Civil/Structural.)
4.6 All pressure relief valve systems.
4.7 All control valves with a differential pressure > 50 psig.
4.8 All jacketed lines.
4.9 All lines designated by the owner as being in high pressure fluid service or lines
with a design pressure / temperature such that for the specific material group, the
piping is so classified by ASME B31.3 Chapter IX.
4.10 All lines 6 inch and larger subject to external pressure or vacuum conditions.
4.11 All lines requiring spring supports, or expansion devices such as expansion joints
and ball joints.
4.12 All lines subject to vibration, as specified by Process, due to high velocity flow, high
pressure drop, water hammer or mixed phase flow.
4.13 All high cyclic piping systems where the potential for exceeding 7000 Total
Equivalent Cycles exists.
4.14 All aluminum alloy lines.
4.15 All lines that are glass, refractory, or elastomer lined.
4.16 All lines that are connected to equipment constructed of thermoset or thermoplastic
materials or that is glass, refractory, or elastomer lined.
4.17 All pressure containing non-metallic lines.
4.18 All thin-wall piping having a diameter-to-thickness ratio above 80.
4.19 All long straight lines over 500 feet in length regardless of temperature and lines
over 100 feet in length if the temperature is 200 °F or above.
4.20 All lines designated by owner as being Category “M”.
4.21 All flare line headers.
(Rev. 6) January 12, 2018
S & B ENGINEERS and
CONSTRUCTORS, LTD.
HOUSTON, TEXAS
C1628
PIPING DESIGN BASIS
FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE
SUPPORTS
ES-5411
PAGE 6 OF 13
4.22 All underground process lines.
4.23 Lines for which an Alternative Leak Test has been specified.
4.24 Other lines identified during detail design where the Lead Stress Engineer or the
Lead Piping Designer deems a review necessary.
5.0 FORMAL PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS
5.1 Formal computer calculations, utilizing Caesar II 2018 version, shall be done for all
primary piping in the following classifications, unless the piping is a duplicate of a
previously analyzed system.
5.1.1 Turbine Piping.
5.1.2 Compressor Piping.
5.1.3 Pump Suction and discharge piping meeting any of the following criteria:
a. All lines 12” in diameter and larger.
b. Lines 6” in diameter and larger operating above 150°F.
c. Lines 3” in diameter and larger operating above 250°F.
d. Lines 2” in diameter and smaller operating above 500°F.
5.1.4 3” diameter and larger piping operating at 500°F or higher
5.1.5 16” diameter and larger piping with a stress index (Nom. O.D. x Metal
Temperature °F) of 7200 or higher.
5.1.6 All piping classified by the owner as Category “M” or where the Total
Equivalent Cycles exceed 7000.
5.2 For piping other than that listed in Section 5.1, the type and degree of pipe stress
analysis necessary to satisfy code, client, or vendor requirements shall be determined
by the engineering contractor’s pipe stress engineer.
(Rev. 6) January 12, 2018
S & B ENGINEERS and
CONSTRUCTORS, LTD.
HOUSTON, TEXAS
C1628
PIPING DESIGN BASIS
FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE
SUPPORTS
ES-5411
PAGE 7 OF 13
6.0 ALLOWABLE LOADS
The following criteria shall apply unless otherwise directed by owner, owner
specifications, or vendor requirements.
6.1 All pump nozzle loads shall be limited to the values contained in the applicable
ASME / ANSI / API Standard or to the specified vendor allowable loads, as
applicable.
6.2 All turbine nozzle loads shall be limited to the allowable loads specified in NEMA
SM-23 or the specified vendor allowable loads, as applicable.
6.3 All centrifugal compressor nozzle loads shall be limited to the allowable loads
specified in API 617, Annex 2E or the specified vendor allowable loads, as
applicable.
6.4 All reciprocating compressor nozzle loads shall be limited to the specified vendor
allowable loads.
6.5 Allowable nozzle loads for air coolers are to be TWICE the allowables specified in
API 661 - Latest Edition.
6.6 Required nozzle allowable loads for shell and tube heat exchangers, in accordance
with S&B Standards, are to be issued to vendor(s) as part of the requisition.
6.7 All fired heater terminals shall be limited to the load and movement values specified
in API 560 or to the specified vendor values, as applicable.
6.8 Nozzle loads for all other equipment shall meet vendor requirements or other
applicable industry specifications.
6.9 Nozzle loads on pressure vessels, towers, reactors, etc. shall be reviewed to ensure
that leakage will not occur at flanges and that shell stresses are satisfactory. In
instances where these items are to be designed by a vendor, required nozzle
allowable loads, in accordance with S&B Standards, are to be issued to the vendor(s)
as part of the requisition. This is applicable for NEW equipment being
designed/purchased by S&B. Loads on existing equipment shall be checked via
NozzPRO analysis if no specific load tables are available.
(Rev. 6) January 12, 2018
S & B ENGINEERS and
CONSTRUCTORS, LTD.
HOUSTON, TEXAS
C1628
PIPING DESIGN BASIS
FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE
SUPPORTS
ES-5411
PAGE 8 OF 13
7.0 PIPE SUPPORTS
7.1 Pipe support spacing shall be in accordance with the attached span charts
(Attachments 1 and 2, pages 11 and 12 respectively).
7.2 Maximum guide spacing for horizontal steel piping is as follows:
Pipe Size
¾”
1”
1 ½”
2”
3”
4”
6”
8”
Max. Horizontal Spacing
40’
40’
40’
40’
60’
60’
60’
60’
Pipe Size
10”
12”
14”
16”
18”
20”
24”
30”
Max. Horizontal Spacing
80’
80’
80’
80’
100’
100’
120’
120’
7.3 Maximum guide spacing for vertical steel piping shall be in accordance with attached
chart (Attachment 3, page 13).
7.4 Preferred method of support is from below. Hangers are acceptable for pump
discharge piping and other such applications, and where support from below would
block access, require the addition of major steel or concrete foundations, or
otherwise add significant cost.
7.5 Pipe support components welded directly to the pipe shall be of the same material as
the pipe unless economic considerations or specific project support standards dictate
otherwise. In those instances alternative compatible materials may be considered.
7.6 Aluminum pipe, elastomer lined pipe, or piping requiring stress relieving shall be
supported utilizing a non-field welded design.
7.7 Where welding is not permitted or preferred, pipe support attachments to main
structural steel shall be of a bolted rather than a welded design.
7.8 All contact areas of pipe support components shall be designed with consideration of
potential galvanic corrosion.
7.9 All uninsulated steel piping shall rest on plastic wear pads, except where hangers are
utilized. No uninsulated pipe shall rest on bare steel. See the pipe support standards
general notes drawing N_LEGS-100-4100-0002 for details.
(Rev. 6) January 12, 2018
S & B ENGINEERS and
CONSTRUCTORS, LTD.
HOUSTON, TEXAS
PIPING DESIGN BASIS
FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE
SUPPORTS
C1628
ES-5411
PAGE 9 OF 13
7.10 All piping insulated for heat conservation, shall have pipe shoes rather than be
supported directly on structural steel. Pipe shoes are to be welded, unless noted
otherwise in the project Pipe Support Standards.
7.11 Piping insulated for personnel protection shall be supported as un-insulated pipe.
7.12 All cold, insulated piping shall have rigid saddles fabricated from high-density
polyurethane foam at points of support.
7.13 Dummy legs, base ells, etc. for hot insulated and uninsulated piping 2 ½” diameter
and larger shall be fabricated from structural shapes rather than from pipe. Pipe
shapes are to be used for any cold insulated piping and for welded attachments 2”
diameter and smaller.
7.14 Piping shall not be supported from handrails, ladders, ladder clips, or other insulated
lines. In addition, pipe supports shall not rest directly on grating unless due
consideration is given to potential maintenance removal requirements of the grating,
and the loadings’ impact on the grating and structure. Guide and anchor components
shall not attach to grating.
7.15 Pipe supports shall be located so that temporary supports for hydrostatic testing will
not be required, unless by doing so the flexibility of the system is rendered
inadequate for specified operating conditions. All such temporary supports shall be
clearly indicated on the appropriate ISO/piping drawing.
7.16 For pipe supports bearing directly on paving, a one-time adjustable support or a
threaded adjustable support is to be specified, where loads permit.
7.17 Threaded adjustable supports shall be used adjacent to pump, compressor, and other
rotating equipment nozzles if a spring support or other means of adjustment is not
utilized.
7.18 On insulated lines, it is unacceptable to cope insulation at support contact areas
unless otherwise agreed to in specific applications.
7.19 Where spring supports are required, a short spring series is not to be specified except
in cases where space limitations would so dictate. Standard, double, triple, or
quadruple series springs should be specified as appropriate for required movement
and variability.
7.20 Miscellaneous pipe supports designed by pipe stress are to be detailed as if they will
be field fabricated.
(Rev. 6) January 12, 2018
S & B ENGINEERS and
CONSTRUCTORS, LTD.
HOUSTON, TEXAS
C1628
PIPING DESIGN BASIS
FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE
SUPPORTS
ES-5411
PAGE 10 OF 13
8.0 MATERIALS
All carbon steel pipe support components are to be hot dip galvanized, mechanically
galvanized, or painted in accordance with Project specifications as noted below.
8.1 Carbon steel hardware components for rod hanger and spring hanger assemblies shall
be galvanized, except that galvanized pipe clamps shall not be utilized on piping
where metal temperatures will be above 400 °F, nor shall any galvanized
components be subjected to temperatures in excess of 400 °F. Vendor supplied
carbon steel pipe support assemblies/units that are not to be welded to the pipe, or
that do not require welding in order to assemble after protective coating has been
applied, are to be galvanized. All pipe support components that are welded directly
to pipe are to be painted in accordance with the painting requirements for that pipe.
If the pipe is unpainted Carbon Steel, components shall have one coat of Inorganic
Zinc Primer, 3 mil D.F.T., applied by the Piping Fabricator after welding. This
includes lugs, dummy legs, and clips. All other carbon steel pipe support
components utilized to fabricate standard and engineered pipe supports shall be
painted.
8.2 All spring supports shall have hot dip galvanized cans and neoprene coated coils as a
minimum for corrosion protection. Other industry and/or vendor coating methods
will be considered on an individual basis.
8.3 All carbon steel bolts/nuts are to be hot dip galvanized. ASTM A193 Gr. B7 bolts
(and associated nuts) are to be uncoated. Stainless steel support components are to be
uncoated, unless noted otherwise.
8.4 Mechanically galvanized threaded components shall not be used with hot dip
galvanized threaded components.
9.0 ATTACHMENTS
9.1 Attachment 1: Piping Span Chart -- Onsites
9.2 Attachment 2: Piping Span Chart -- Offsites
9.3 Attachment 3: Vertical Piping Guide Spacing
(Rev. 6) January 12, 2018
PIPING DESIGN BASIS
FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE
SUPPORTS
S & B ENGINEERS and
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HOUSTON, TEXAS
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PAGE 11 OF 13
Piping Span Chart
Onsites
PIPE
Size
(in.)
Schedule
½
¾
1
1-1/2
2
2-1/2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
STD
STD
STD
STD
STD
STD
Wall
Thickness
(in.)
.109
.113
.133
.145
.154
.203
.216
.237
.280
.322
.365
.375
.375
.375
.375
.375
.375
PIPE + VAPOR + INSULATION
Up to 400°
401° – 700°
Span
Span
(ft.)
(ft.)
9.3
8.2
10.8
9.6
12.7
11.5
15.8
14.5
17.9
16.7
20.3
19.1
22.6
21.4
25.2
24.1
31.3
30.0
35.7
34.2
39.6
38.7
42.5
42.0
44.0
43.5
46.3
45.8
48.3
47.9
50.2
49.6
53.3
52.9
PIPE + LIQUID + INSULATION
Up to 400°
401°to 700°
Span
Span
(ft.)
(ft.)
8.9
8.0
10.2
9.2
11.9
11.0
14.5
13.6
16.2
15.3
18.5
17.7
20.4
19.5
22.6
21.8
27.4
26.5
31.1
29.9
34.6
33.4
37.1
35.9
38.5
37.2
40.4
39.1
42.1
40.8
43.7
42.2
46.3
44.9
Notes:
(1) Pipe spans shown in this chart are for use in process areas.
(2) Pipe spans are based on the following:
a) ASTM A-53 GR.B pipe.
b) A corrosion allowance of 1/16” or less.
c) 1/2” maximum deflection at operating temperature or 3/4” maximum deflection during
hydrotesting for vapor lines, as applicable
(3) Pipe spans of 20 feet are permitted for 2” diameter piping in pipe racks.
(4) Temperatures are in °F.
Attachment 1
(Rev. 6) January 12, 2018
C1628
PIPING DESIGN BASIS
FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE
SUPPORTS
S & B ENGINEERS and
CONSTRUCTORS, LTD.
HOUSTON, TEXAS
ES-5411
PAGE 12 OF 13
Piping Span Chart
Offsites
PIPE SIZE
PIPE SCHEDULE
WALL
THICKNESS
(in.)
ALLOWABLE
SPAN
(ft. – in.)
DEFLECTION
(in.)
3/4”
1”
1-1/2”
2”
2”
3”
4”
6”
8”
10”
10”
12”
12”
14”
14”
16”
16”
18”
18”
20”
20”
24”
24”
40
40
40
40
80
40
40
40
30
20
40
20
STD
10
STD
10
STD
10
STD
10
STD
10
STD
0.113
0.133
0.145
0.154
0.218
0.216
0.237
0.280
0.277
0.250
0.365
0.250
0.375
0.250
0.375
0.250
0.375
0.250
0.375
0.250
0.375
0.250
0.375
12’-0”
14’-0”
17-0”
19’-0”
20’-0”
25’-0”
27’-0”
33’-0”
36’-0”
38’-0”
41’-0”
40’-0”
44’-0”
42’-0”
46’-0”
44’-0”
48’-0”
45’-0”
50’-0”
47’-0”
52’-0”
49’-0”
55’-0”
1”
1”
1”
1”
1”
1”
1”
1”
1”
1”
1”
1”
1”
1”
1”
1”
1”
1”
1”
1”
1”
1”
1”
NOTES:
(1) Pipe spans shown in this chart are for use in offsites areas.
(2) Pipe spans are based on the following:
a) Insulated lines operating below 650 °F.
b) ASTM A53 GR.B pipe, water filled, and insulated.
c) Corrosion allowance of 1/16” or less.
d) Maximum deflection of 1”.
(3) Pipe spans of 20 feet are permitted for 2” diameter piping in pipe racks.
Attachment 2
(Rev. 6) January 12, 2018
C1628
PIPING DESIGN BASIS
FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE
SUPPORTS
S & B ENGINEERS and
CONSTRUCTORS, LTD.
HOUSTON, TEXAS
ES-5411
PAGE 13 OF 13
Vertical Guides
Maximum Guide Spacing (ft.)
Insulation Thk.
(inches)
1
1 1/2
2
3
4
Pipe Size
6
(inches)
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
25
25
31
31
32
34
34
34
35
35
37
37
38
40
--17
20
22
28
29
29
30
30
34
34
34
37
--12
15
17
23
24
25
27
27
31
31
31
34
--9
12
14
19
21
22
24
24
28
28
29
32
--7
10
11
17
18
20
22
22
26
26
27
30
---8
10
15
16
18
20
20
24
24
25
28
---7
9
13
15
16
18
19
22
22
24
27
----8
12
13
15
17
17
21
21
22
25
----7
11
12
14
16
16
19
20
21
24
Notes
(1) Guide spacing is based on a wind speed of 160 MPH.
(2) Piping material is carbon or alloy steel.
(3) Where “—“ is listed in the chart above, consult with Pipe Stress for recommendation.
Attachment 3
(Rev. 6) January 12, 2018