PEDIATRIC NORMALS
BLOOD PRESSURE
Newborn – 96 hrs:
Infants:
Toddlers:
Preschooler:
School-aged:
Adolescents:
Systolic = 60-90
Diastolic = 20-60
Systolic = 74-100
Diastolic = 50-70
Systolic = 80-112
Diastolic = 50-80
Systolic = 82-112
Diastolic = 50-78
Systolic = 84-112
Diastolic = 54-80
Systolic = 94-140
Diastolic = 62-88
RESPIRATORY RATE
<3months:
3 to <12 months:
1year to < 4 years:
4 years to 12 years:
> 12 years:
30-60 rpm
24-50 rpm
20-40 rpm
20-30 rpm
12–15 rpm
CALORIC NEEDS
High-risk neonate:
Neonate:
1-2 years
2-6 years
7-9 years
10+
120-150 cal/kg/day
100-120 cal/kg/day
90-100 cal/kg/day
80-90 cal/kg/day
70-80 cal/kg/day
50-60 cal/kg/day
HEART RATE
<3 mo:
3 mos to <1 yr:
1 yr to <4 yrs:
4 yrs to 12 yrs:
>12 yrs:
110-150
100-150
90-120
70-110
60-100
CALCULATING FLUID MAINTENANCE
For the first 10 kg of weight
For the second 10 kg of weight
For the remaining kg of weight
x 4mL/hr
x 2mL/hr
x 1mL/hr
Example: The child’s weight is 24.8 kg.
10
X
4
=
10
X
2
=
4.8
X
1
=
40
20
4.8
64.8mL/hour
Compare the hourly and daily intake needs with what the child is actually receiving. Review the
TRENDS of the I & O and assess the expected, desired and actual responses of the patient.
Consider fluid via IV, PO, NG, OG to ensure the maintenance fluid volume is achieved.
CORRELATE hydration with vital signs, neuron status, wound healing, pulmonary and
cardiovascular status, renal function and electrolyte balance.
URINE OUTPUT ASSESSMENT
Minimum urine output is 1 mL/kg/hour. The minimum urine output preference is
1-2 mL/kg/hour.
Example: 6 kg infant
6 kg X 1 mL = 6 mL/hour X 24 hours = 144 mL in 24 hours