SENIOR
HIGH
SCHOOL
GENERAL BIOLOGY 1
1st Quarter-Module 1:
Life in a Cell
i
General Biology 1
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Life in a Cell
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Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Queen Anne A. Paninsoro
Editor: Dr. Imelda V. Canoy
Reviewers: Candida Purgatorio (Moderator)
Dr. Clavel D. Salinas
Illustrator: Queen Anne A. Paninsoro
Layout Artist: Queen Anne A. Paninsoro
Management Team
Schools Division Superintendent
Dr. Marilyn S. Andales
Asst. Schools Division Superintendents
Dr. Leah B. Apao
Dr. Ester A. Futalan
Dr. Cartesa M. Perico
Chief CID:
Dr. Mary Ann P. Flores
EPS in LRMS :
Mr. Isaiash T. Wagas
Division SHS Coordinator:
Dr. Clavel D. Salinas
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ii
Introduction
To assure that learning remains unhampered as the country battles against
the pandemic, Department of Education implements the Distance Learning
Approach as we limit face to face interactions. Along with the implementation,
DepEd has come up an alternative delivery mode of teaching as learning process
should continue at the comforts of home.
In line with the aforementioned facts, this module is shaped primarily to aid
student learning in a most comprehensive manner. The existing activities, drills,
and assessments were generally compiled to solve the problem on lack of access to
technology. This printed material is essentially produced to make education
accessible to all, under any circumstances.
This module consists of the following parts as reflected on each lesson:
This contains the Most Essential Learning
Competencies, objectives, and skills that is expected
for learners to develop and master along the learning
process.
This aims to validate the learners’ prior knowledge in
relation to the current lesson.
This helps to recall previous lesson through simple
review or short activities.
This is the phase where introduction of the lesson is
explored through drills, activities, and exercises.
This section leads to the discussion of the main idea
of the lesson and unlocking of key concepts.
This provides enrichment activities that could lead to
the improvement of the day’s lesson.
This summarizes the main idea of the lesson and
analysis of new inputs.
This part is structured to let learners engage in an
activity that aims to apply their new learning in their
immediate community.
iii
CHAPTER
1
Lesson1: Cell Theory
Photo credit: sciencephoto.com
Learning Competency:
STEM_BIO11/12-la-c-1
Explain the postulates of the Cell theory.
Learning Objectives:
o
Recognize the different scientists who contributed to the discovery
of the cell.
o
Outline the history of the development of cell theory from its origin
to the present through completing a graphic organizer.
o
Acknowledge scientists work and contribution through composing
a letter of appreciation.
1
PRETEST
Instruction: Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.
1. It refers to the basic unit of life.
a. cell
c. nucleus
b. cell membrane
d. cell theory
2. He come up with the term “cell’.
a. Robert Hooke
c. Theodor Schwann
b. Matthias Schleiden
d. Rudolf Virchow
3. What did Robert Hooke look at under the microscope?
a. microbes
c. onion cell
b. cork
d. fungi
4. Where do all cells come from?
a. cell division
c. mutation
b. evolution
d. pre-existing cells
5. He created the first lense and made a simple microscope.
a. Galileo Galilei
c. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
b. Robert Hooke
d. Zacharias Janssen
6. He saw the first living organisms. He is the called the “Father of Microscopy”.
a. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
c. Matthias Schleiden
b. Rudolf Virchow
d. Robert Hooke
7. A fundamental concept in biology that describes the major characteristic of
life.
a. Endosymbiotic theory
c. Cell theory
b. Spontaneous generation
d. Evolution
8. A tool used by biologist to study tiny details of living things.
a. telescope
c. antiseptics
b. microscope
d. microwave
9. Which of the following is the smallest in size?
a. bacteria
c. virus
b. molecule
d. cell
2
10. The date the first postulate of cell theory was published.
a. 1875
c. 1855
b. 1838
d. 1795
11. Which of the following describes the proper microscope care and technique.
a. Carry the microscope upright, with one hand on the arm and the
other under the base.
b. Always begin focusing with the greatest power lens available.
c. You can view the specimen without cover slips as it magnifies a
clearer view.
d. All of the above
12. ___________ are made up of at least one cell. Which word best fits in the
blank?
a. all living things
c. animals
b. plants
d. atoms
13. The increase in magnification causes _________.
a. decrease in the field of view
c. decrease in number of specimen
b. decrease in working distance d. all of the above
14. What does the word cyto means?
a. dark
c. cell
b. jelly
d. small
15. Tiny structures that carry out cell functions are collectively called ________.
a. organelles
c. animalcules
b. tissues
d. ribosome
3
“The cell is the fundamental
unit of life”. You have
probably heard this line ever
since you started learning
science in high school. But
what is a cell and how do you
see it? or where can we find
cells?
To answer this question, let’s
consider how cell is
discovered and how does cell
theory developed over time.
This
lesson
introduces
the
cell,
cites
contributions
of
different scientist to the discovery of cell theory, and
explains how simple lenses reveals the first glimpse of cells
that lead to the understanding of life.
4
EXPLORE IT!
Instruction: Write
thing and a
mark if the picture below shows a living
mark if it displays a non-living thing. Please
indicate response in the box provided.
YEAST
CORONA VIRUS
SEAWEED
MUSHROOM
CORALS
BACTERIA
Photo credits: yeast- exploreyeast.com, virus-webmed.com, seaweeds-alibaba.com, mushroom-kidsdiscover.com,
corals-scienmag.com, bacteria-sustainablity-times.com.
5
Now that you have
learned that cells can
only be present in a
living thing, let us
navigate in detail how
first glimpse of cells
were revealed and
developed to a theory.
DISCOVERIES OF THE CELL THEORY
ROBERT HOOKE
o
1665
Used the compound microscope to observe
cork.
o Hooke observed that cork is composed
of small, hollow compartments.
o The parts prompted Hooke to think of
small rooms (cells) in a monastery, so
he gave them the same name: CELLS.
o Investigated
cork
through
experimenting with the compound
microscope and came up with the name
cells!
o Hooke discovered the cell in 1665,
which started formulating the cell
theory!
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK
1670
o Study new approaches for creating
lenses to observe cloth.
o Leeuwenhoek’s microscope was more
powerful
than
Hooke’s
compound
microscope.
o From investigating and experimenting
with his microscope, Leeuwenhoek
became one of the first scientists to refer
to living cells when he observed an
abundant
number
of
single-celled
organisms, which he called animalcules
(plant & animal), swimming in a drop of
Photo credits: Cartoon art- pinterest.com, Hooke- britannica.com, Leeuwenhoek-commons.wikipedia.org
6
MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN
o Fascinated with plant cells, Schleiden used
the compound microscope and studied
plant cells.
o From investigating and experimenting with
plants, projected plant parts are made of
cells!
o Discussed what he observed with his dear
friend,
German
scientist
Theodor
Schwann.
1838
THEODOR SCHWANN
o Studied plant & animal cells, and was
intrigued by the similarities between the
two.
o From investigating and experimenting with
plant & animal cells, Schwann was able to
determine that all animals are made of
cells!
o Schwann published the 1st statement of
the cell theory: all living things are made of
cells and cell products!.
1839
RUDOLF VIRCHOW
o Based
on
his
investigations
and
experiments, he stated that all cells come
from preexisting cells, which is the 2nd part
of the cell theory: all existing cells are
produced by other living cells.
1855
Key Note: Collectively, the concepts from Schleiden,
Schwann, and Virchow were summarized into what is
known as cell theory, which states the following:
1. All organisms are composed of one or more
cells.
2. Cells are the smallest and basic units of
structure and function in organisms.
3. Cells arise from previously existing cells.
Photo credits: Schleiden- thedailygadener.com, Schwann- cmijournal.org, Virchow-wikipedia.org
7
Instruction: Provide the details below to complete the graphic
organizer.
8
ELABORATE IT!
Instruction: Complete the phrase below.
MAIN IDEAS
Your knowledge about cells came
from the discoveries of numerous
___________________.
Cell theory is an explanation of
______________.
EXTEND IT!
Instruction: Write a brief letter of appreciation to the proponents of cell theory as
a sign of recognizing their efforts and great work in Science. Sight implications
what could have happen if significant inventions/discoveries were not made
possible.
My Personal Letter of Appreciation
9
CHECKPOINT
POST TEST
I. Instruction: Write the letter that corresponds to the correct
answer.
1. Rudolf Virchow observations helped to disprove the commonly held belief
of?
a. evolution
c. spontaneous generation
b. existence of molecules
d. atomic models
2. What invention led to the development of cell theory?
a. telescope
c. microwave
b. computer
d. microscope
3. Why do you think there were no significant development of the discovery
of cells on the 17th Century?
a. Scientists got lazy to work for additional contributions.
b. There were not enough funding to go on with the experiments.
c. World War ruined the timeline.
d. There were no microscopes available with higher magnification.
4. Matthias Schleiden _______________; Theodor Schwann______________
a. botanist; histologist
c. inventor; taxonomist
b. botanist; physiologist
d. zoologist; botanist
5. The first term used by scientists before the word “cell” was coined.
a. cyto
c. cork
b. molecule
d. animalcules
6. ___________ are made up of at least one cell. Which word best fits in the
blank?
a. all living things
c. animals
b. plants
d. atoms
7. Where do all cells come from?
a. cell division
c. mutation
b. evolution
d. pre-existing cells
10
8. Who was the first person who see cells under the microscope and give them a
name?
a. Leeuwenhoek
c. Hooke
b. Schwann
d. Schleiden
9. He discovered that all plants were made of cells, who contributed to the
development of cell theory.
10.
a. Virchow
c. Schleiden
b. Schwann
d. Leeuwenhoek
He advanced the cell theory with his conclusion that cells could only come
from other cells.
11.
12.
a. Hooke
c. Schleiden
b. Virchow
d. Schwann
A single-celled organism that Leeuwenhoek referred as animalcules.
a. protozoa
c. animals
b. plant
d. bacteria
Which
of
the
following
scientists
contributed
to
the
cell
theory?
a. Hooke, Schwann, Schleiden, Leeuwenhoek, Virchow
b. Leeuwenhoek, Schwann, Schleiden, Darwin, Hooke
c. Sheen, Shwann, Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Virchow
d. Clooney, Hooke, Schleiden, Schwann, Darwin
13. Which of the following statement is NOT part of the cell theory?
a. Cell is the basic unit of structure and function in all living things.
b. Only animal cells are composed of cells
c. All cells are produced from other cells
d. All living things are composed of cells
14. The invention of microscope made it possible for people to discover and learn
about ______________.
a. plants
c. skin
b. animals
d. cells
15.Why microscopes are important in studying cells?
a. Most cells are very large
c. Most cells are very small
b. Most cells move very quickly
d. Most cells are dead
11
KEY TASK
Instruction: Create a comic strip which is limited to 6 scenes.
Provide your own story line on how the development of the cell
theory was established through time.
12
CHAPTER
Lesson2:
1
Cellular
Organelles
Photo credit: sciencephoto.comcom
Learning Competency:
STEM_BIO11/12-la-c-2
Describe the structure and function of major and subcellular
organelles.
Learning Objectives:
o
Enumerate the parts and function of the various organelles in
the cell.
o
Construct a 3D model of plant/animal cell using recyclable
materials.
o
Uphold the value of collaboration as students compare cellular
organelles jobs similar to a function of a factory and its workers.
13
PRETEST
I.Instruction: Write the letter that corresponds to the correct
answer.
1. The endomembrane system includes all of the following cell structures
except ________.
a. endoplasmic reticulum
c. peroxisome
b. golgi apparatus
d. vesicle
2. The organelle that controls the substances that goes in and out of the
cell.
a. ribosomes
c. cell membrane
b. cell wall
d. cytoskeleton
3. A jelly-like suspension that holds all the organelles inside the cell.
a. lysosome
c. cell membrane
b. ribosome
d. cytoplasm
4. It is called the powerhouse of the cell.
a. cell wall
c. endoplasmic reticulum
b. mitochondria
d. golgi apparatus
5. The organelle that makes food using energy from the sun.
a. chloroplast
c. mitochondria
b. nucleus
d. cell wall
6. This organelle is responsible for destroying worn-out cell parts.
a. lysosome
c. golgi apparatus
b. mitochondria
d. lysosome
7. Genetic material is contained within the __________.
a. ribosomes
c. nucleus
b. cytoplasm
d. nucleolus
8. The rough endoplasmic reticulum has _________ located on it.
a. lysosome
c. centrioles
b. cytosol
d. ribosome
14
9.Which of these is a possible explanation for the presence of a rigid cell wall in
plants?
a. Plants remain exposed in temperature and thus require rigid cell walls to
protect themselves.
b. Plants are subjected to variations in osmotic pressure, and a cell wall
helps them against bursting or shrinking.
c. Plant cells have a rigid cell wall to protect themselves from grazing animals
d. Plant cells have a rigid cell wall to prevent the influx of waste material.
10. What happens to the proteins that are synthesized on free ribosomes in the
cytoplasm?
a. These proteins move through the Golgi apparatus and enter the in the
nucleus.
b. These proteins go through the Golgi apparatus and remain in the cytosol.
c. The proteins do not go through the Golgi apparatus and move into the
nucleus for processing.
d. The proteins stay in the cytosol, free roaming.
11. A centriole is an organelle that is:
a. present in the center of a cell’s cytoplasm
b. composed of microtubules and important for organizing the spindle fibers.
c. surrounded by a membrane
d. part of a chromosome
12. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is:
a. an intracellular double-membrane system to which ribosomes are
attached.
b. an intracellular membrane that is studded with microtubular structures
c. a membranous structure found within mitochondria
d. only found in prokaryotic cells
13. Lysosomes are formed by budding from which cellular organelle?
a. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c. rough endoplasmic reticulum
b. golgi apparatus
d. nucleus
15
14. All peroxisomes carry out this function:
a. break down fats and amino acids into smaller molecules that can be used
for energy production by mitochondria
b. digest macromolecules using the hydrolytic enzymes they contain
c. synthesize membrane components such as fatty acids and phospholipids
d. control the flow of ions into and out of the cell
15. Which of the following does not apply to chloroplasts?
a. they contain chlorophyll and the enzymes required for photosynthesis.
b. they contain an internal membrane system consisting of thylakoids.
c. they synthesize ATP (sdenosine triphosphate) from from ADP (adenosine
diphosphate) and Pi (inorganic phosphate).
d.they are bounded by two membranes, the inner of which is folded into the
cristae.
Hi! Are you as excited as
me for the new lesson?
Before we go on, let’s try
to search for keywords
which is related to the
previous lesson
16
Instruction: Make a word search and complete the puzzle. See the
word bank for possible answers.
WORD BANK
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
HOOKE
REPRODUCE
GROW
SCHWANN
CELL
VIRCHOW
SCHLEIDEN
RESPOND
LEUWENHOEK
ONE
ACROSS:
1. German scientist that discovered that animals were made of cells.
5. Scientist who discovered single-celled organism.
7. The minimum number of cells needed to be considered living.
8. German scientist that discovered cells come from preexisting cells.
DOWN:
2. Scientist who discovers cells while looking at the piece of cork.
3. German scientist that discovered plants were made of cells.
4. When a living thing react to a certain change.
6. Living things experienced from infants to adults.
Due to the contributions of cell theory, invention of lenses and
advancement of technology, it lead to better image processing, and more
advanced microscopy that allowed scientists to observe cell structures and
determine their function.
17
EXPLORE IT!
Instruction: Compare and contrast plant cell and animal cell. Put
a check mark if the organelle is present and a wrong mark if the
organelle is absent. Provide the function of the organelles to
complete the table.
PLANT CELL
ANIMAL CELL
PLANT CELL
ORGANELLE
1.Cell Membrane
2. Cell Wall
3. Cytoplasm
4. Nucleus
5. Ribosomes
6. Endoplasmic
Reticulum
7. Golgi Apparatus
8. Vacuole
9. Lysosome
10. Peroxisome
11. Mitochondria
12. Chloroplast
13. Cytoskeleton
14. Centrioles
PLANT CELL
ANIMAL CELL
ANIMAL CELL
Photo credit: Plant and Animal cell-byjus.com
18
FUNCTION
In this lesson, you will explore the world of eukaryotic cells, what
common structures they share, and how these structures work to
provide a function that is very essential to every forms of life.
All living things have cells that share
fundamental structural parts, which
include:
o Cell Membrane
o Cytoplasm
o Nucleus
Key point: The jobs of structural parts are divided into what function they serve to a
cell. Collectively, these parts are called organelles, they do the work to keep the cell
alive.
They are
like miniorgans!
Organelles Main Jobs:
•
Cell Structures for Protection
•
Genetic Control Organelles
•
Manufacturing, Storage, Distribution, and Breakdown Organelles
•
Energy-processing Organelles
•
Organelles for Structural Support and Movement
Photo credit: Cartoon art- pinterest.com, Major cell parts- haikudeck.com, Organelles-cleanpng.com
19
Cell Structures for Protection
Cell Membrane
Function:
§ controls what enters or leaves cell
(O2, CO2, food, H2O, nutrients,
waste)
§ recognizes signals from other cells
(allows communication between
cells)
Structure:
§ phospholipid bilayer (hydrophilic
head: water loving; hydrophobic
tail: water fearing)
§ proteins molecule that receive
signals from other adjacent cells
§ Protein channels that serve as
tunnels to export and import
materials
§ Carbohydrate chains serve as
identification tags distinguishing
other types of cell.
Cell Wall
Function:
§
Gives protection
§
Rigid support
§
Gives shape to the cell
Structure:
§
In plants and algae, cell wall is
made up of polysaccharide
cellulose
§
In fungi, cell walls are made up of
chitin
§
In bacteria, they are composed of
peptidoglycan
Photo credit: Cell membrane- qsstudy.com, Cell wall- assignmentpoint.com
20
Cytoplasm
Function:
Fills the space between the nucleus
§
and the cell membrane
Holds the organelles in place
§
Structure:
Cytoplasm
§
Composed of jelly-like material
called cytosol, consisting mainly of
water.
Genetic Control Organelles
Nucleus
Function:
§
Storehouse of the genetic
information in the form of DNA
§
Chromatin
Control center of the cell
Structure:
§
Nuclear envelope- encloses the
DNA
Pore
Nucleolus
§
Nuclear pores- allow large
molecules to pass between the
Nuclear
Envelope
nucleus and cytoplasm.
§
Nucleolus-dense region where
small organelles essential for
making proteins assemble.
Photo credit: Cytoplasm-genome.gov, Nucleus- ck12.org
21
Manufacturing, Storage, Distribution, and Breakdown Organelles
Ribosomes
Function:
Build proteins polymers from
§
amino acid monomers
Structure:
Ribosomes
§
Small beadlike structure
§
Built from two subunit- a large
subunit and a small subunit
Endoplasmic reticulum
Function:
§
Facilitates the manufacture of protein
Structure:
§
Rough ER- studded with ribosomes
-makes proteins
§
Smooth ER- not studded with ribosoms
- makes lipids
Rough endoplasmic
reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Photo credit: Ribosome-genome.gov, Endoplasmic reticulum-dynamicscience.com.au
22
Golgi Apparatus
Function:
§
Transports and modify products
from endoplasmic reticulum.
Structure:
§
Made up of vesicles that act as
storage, transport, and
secretory.
Vacuole
Function:
§
Storage of materials which
includes water, food
molecules, organic ions, and
enzymes
§
Strengthens the cell and
supports entire plant by
making it erect
Structure:
§
Transparent sac
§
Larger in plants than in
animals
Photo credit: Ribosomes-vectorstock.com, Vacuolemedium.com
23
Lysosome
Function:
§
Digest food within cells
§
Break down damaged and worn
out cell parts
Structure:
Round-shaped membrane-
§
bound structure containing
enzyme called lysozyme
Peroxisome
Function:
§
Break down complex
molecules into smaller
molecules
Structure:
§
Single membrane that
contains oxidative enzymes
such as catalase and urate
oxidase.
Photo credit: Lysosome- coolaboo.com, Peroxisome- biochemistry-wordpress.com
24
Energy-processing Organelles
Mitochondria
Function:
§
Cell’s energy factory
§
Makes ATP from cellular
respiration
Structure:
§
Bean shaped with two membranes
§
Inner membrane consists of folds
that increases surface area
Chloroplast
Function:
§
Convert solar energy to
chemical energy
§
Carry out photosynthesis
Structure:
§
Thylakoid- sacs in the
chloroplast membrane
§
Granum- stack of thylakoid
§
Stroma- liquid portion of the
chloroplast
Photo credit: Mitochondria- onlinesciencenotes.com, Chloroplast-bioninja.com
25
Organelles for Structural Support and Movement
Cytoskeleton
Function:
§
Provides shape and structure of
the cell
§
Helps move organelles around
the cell
Structure:
§
Microtubule- thickest, serves as
anchorage for the membranebound organelles
§
Intermediate- ropelike in
appearance, gives cell tensile
strength and the ability to
stretch without breaking apart
§
Microfilament- thinnest, provide
protective meshwork under the
plasma membrane
Centrioles
Function:
§
Help coordinate cell division
through forming spindle fibers
Structure:
§
Cylinder-shaped
§
Made up of nine triplets of
microtubule
Photo credit: Cytoskeleton-sideplayer.com, Centrioles-genome.gov
26
Instruction: Read each riddle below and identify the organelle that is
“speaking”.
WHO AM I?
1. I am found only in
plant cells, I am made
of a specialized
substance called
cellulose. I provide
support and
protection and give
plants their shape. I
am the.
2. I store molecules
or send them into the
cytosol or out of the
cell. I process the
proteins produced by
the endoplasmic
reticulum and
ribosomes. I am the.
3. I am the cell’s
transport system
there are two of me
the rough and the
smooth. The rough
type has ribosomes
attached. I am the.
4. I act like a
digestive system in
an animal cell. I
contain enzymes
that breakdown
wastes and other
materials. I am the.
______________________
_______________
_______________________
5. I absorb light
energy from the sun
and use it convert
carbon dioxide and
water to sugar and
oxygen. I am not
found in animal cells,
I am the.
_______________________
________________________
6. I am the brain of
the cell and I control
all the activities of the
cell. I am located in
the cytosol, but you
would not find me in
prokaryotic cells. I
am the.
7. I am composed
of a network of
protein filaments
that help maintain
cell shape and cell
movement. I am
the.
______________________
_
8. I am the jelly-like
fluid inside the cell.
I provide an area of
movement for all
the dissolved
molecules that
keep the cell
working. I am the.
_________________________
9. I am found only
in an animal cell, I
help organize cell
division. I look
good with the
triplets of
microtubules that
composed me. I am
the.
______________________
______________________
10. I am very large
in plant cells, and I
store water, food,
and wastes. I help
support the plant.
When I start to
shrink due to lack
of water, the plant
may wilt. I am the.
11. When a cell
needs energy. I
take in nutrients,
break them down,
and supply energy
to the cell. I can
also convert stored
energy in the cell to
food. I am a.
______________________
______________________
12. We build proteins
in the cells. We can be
found in several
places in the cell,
including in the
cytosol and on the
endoplasmic
reticulum. We are.
13. I contain the
enzyme catalase. I
breakdown hydrogen
peroxide in the cell
environment. I am
the.
________________________
14. I am a thin
protective layer
around the cell, but
I am not one solid
piece. I have tiny
openings that allow
materials to pass in
and out of the cell. I
am the.
________________________
______________________
27
ELABORATE IT!
“Organelles do the work to keep the cell alive. To keep you alive!”
What does the phrase mean? Explain further in a paragraph form.
Create a creative title for your output.
________________________________________________________________
Title
_________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
28
EXTEND IT!
Instruction: Compare the cell to a factory. State what organelle corresponds to the
function of a factory icon given below.
CEO
WORKING SITE
ASSEMBLY LINE
WORKERS
PACKAGING DEPARTMENT
CLEANING CREW
DELIVERY TEAM
POWER PLANT
29
POST TEST
CHECKPOINT
Instruction: Write the letter that corresponds to the correct
answer.
1. When you look at an unknown cell under the microscope, you noticed the
presence of a cell wall and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude
that the cell is a/an____________.
a. animal cell
c. bacterial cell
b. plant cell
d. virus
2. The endomembrane system includes all the following cell structures except
_______________.
a. endoplasmic reticulum
c. peroxisome
b. golgi apparatus
d. vesicles
3. The organelle involved in the detoxification of alcohol is _________________.
a.
lysosome
c. peroxisome
b.
ribosome
d. endoplasmic reticulum
4. A human nerve that has an abnormal shape most like has a defective________________.
a.
cell wall
c. nucleus
b.
cytoskeleton
d. ribosome
5. One property that distinguishes cells in domain Bacteria from those in domain
Eukarya is the presence
of _____________________.
a.
cell wall
c. flagella
b.
DNA
d. membranous organelles
6. Within a single cell, which of the following is physically the smallest?
7.
a. nuclear envelope
c. phospholipid molecule
b. cell membrane
d. mitochondria
This organelle functions in cellular respiration.
a.
lysosome
c. endoplasmic reticulum
b. mitochondria
d. golgi apparatus
30
8. What chemical property of phospholipids is key to the formation of the cell,
membrane?
a.
The two phosphate groups embedded in each fatty acid tail
b.
The hydrophilic glycerol
c.
The four fatty acids extending above and below each phosphate
d.
The hydrophilic head group attached to two hydrophobic fatty acids
9. Cell organelles are located within the ________________of the cell.
a. nucleus
c. cell membrane
b. cytoplasm
d. lysosome
10. Genetic material is contained within the _________________of the cell.
a. ribosomes
c. nucleus
b. cytoplasm
d. nucleolus
11. What can only be found in plant cells?
a. cell membrane
c. vacuole
b. chloroplast
d. mitochondria
12. A stiff structure outside the cell membrane. It protects the cells and help the plants
and fungi keep their shape.
a. cytoplasm
c. cell wall
b. nuclear envelope
d. cell membrane
13. Which of the following organelles does not contain DNA?
a. ribosome
c. mitochondria
b. nucleus
d. chloroplast
14. Which of the following does not apply to the chloroplast?
a. They contain chlorophyll and enzymes required for photosynthesis.
b. They contain internal membrane system consisting of thylakoids.
c. They synthesize ATP from ADP.
d. They are bounded by two membranes, inner is folded into cristae.
15. A centriole is an organelle that is _________________.
a. present in the center of the cell’s cytoplasm
b. composed of nine triplets of microtubules
c. part of a chromosome
d. surrounded by a membrane
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KEY TASK
Instruction:
Construct
a
3D
model
of
plant/animal
cell
using
indigenous/recyclable materials. Follow the scoring guide below.
Poor
(6 pt.)
Fair
(8 pts.)
Cell
Structure
/Cell Type
Model looks like
generalized cell. No
distinguishing factors of
a plant or animal cell.
Model clearly
represents an
animal or plant
cell, with 1 to 2
cell part mistakes
Model clearly
represents an
animal or animal
cell.
Organelle
function
0-5 of cell organelle
functions are described
and defined clearly
and/or poorly
described, there are
errors when being
defined.
The work is done with
poor effort. Cell parts
and organelles are not
detailed, they look like
unformed and/or
misshapen making them
indistinguishable.
Model cannot be
identified as plant or
animal cell, because it
has characteristics of
both a plant and
animal cell.
6-9 of cell organelle
functions are
described and
defined clearly.
10-12 cell
organelle
functions are
described and
defined clearly.
All cell organelle
functions are
described and
defined clearly.
The work was done
with good effort.
Most of the cell parts
and organelles are
distinguishable. Most
of the organelles and
cell parts are detailed
accurately.
The work was
done with good
effort. Most of the
cell parts and
organelles are
distinguishable.
Most of the
organelles and cell
parts are detailed
accurately.
10-12 cell
organelles are
labeled and placed
correctly.
Contains students
own writing and
drawing. Lots of
colors, shapes, and
appealing design.
Shows the student
spent time
creating an artistic
piece.
Project is correct
size, clean and
neatly displayed.
No items falling
off. Submitted on
due date.
The work done
exceeds all
expectations. The
cell parts and
organelles are
easily
distinguishable.
All organelles and
cell parts and
accurately.
All cell organelles
are labeled and
placed correctly.
Cell details
Labeled
organelles
Creativity
Appearance
0-5 of cell organelles
labeled and/or errors of
labeling and placement
of the organelles.
Lacks original artwork.
Not students own
drawing/writing/crafts.
Messy. Lacks color.
Not in required format
and/or submitted late.
Pieces/items falling or
hanging off.
6-9 of cell organelles
are labeled and
placed correctly.
Not very appealing.
Limited use of
creative materials.
Not a lot of
color/shapes/design.
Project is damaged,
poorly presented.
Was possibly
submitted later than
original due date.
Some items possibly
falling off.
32
Good
(10 pts.)
Exceeds
(15pts.)
Eye catching.
Great use of
colors, texture,
shapes. Artwork is
the students own
& is neat. Writing
is easy
Project is of
exceptional
quality and
presentation.
Nothing hanging
or falling off.
Submitted on time.
Answer Key (Lesson 1):
What I Know (Pretest)
learned
What’s New
What I have
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1. scientist
2. life
A
A
B
D
D
6. A
7. C
8. B
9. B
10.B
11. A
12. A
13. A
14. C
15. A
Posttest
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C
D
D
B
D
6. A
7. D
8. C
9. C
10.A
Yeast
/
Corona Virus X
Seaweed
/
Mushroom
/
Corals
/
Bacteria
/
11. A
12. A
13. B
14. D
15. C
Answer Key (Lesson 2):
What I Know (Pretest)
What’s In
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Across:
1. Schwann
5. Leuwenhoek
7. One
8. Virchow
C
C
D
B
A
6. A
7. D
8. D
9. B
10. C
11. B
12. A
13. B
14. A
15. D
Down:
2. Hooke
3. Schleiden
4. Respond
6. Grow
What’s More
What Can I Do
1. cell wall
2. golgi apparatus
3. endoplasmic reticulum
4 lysosome
5. chloroplast
6. nucleus
7. cytoskeleton
8. cytoplasm
9.centrioles
10. vacuole
11. mitochondria
12. ribosome
13.peroxisome
14.cell membrane
WORKING SITE à CYTOPLASM
CEO à NUCLEUS
WORKERSà RIBOSOME
ASSEMBLY LINEà ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
PACKAGING DEPARTMENTà GOLGI APPARATUS
DELIVERY TEAMà CELL MEMBRANE
CLEANING CREWà LYSOSOME
POWER PLANTà MITOCHONDRIA
Posttest
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B 6. C
C 7. B
C 8. D
B 9. B
D 10.D
11. B
12. C
13. A
14. D
15. B
33
References
Biology Corner. Quiz: The Cell Theory. retrieved from https://www.biologycorner.com
/quiz/qz_cell_theory.html
Biology
Dictionary.
Cell
theory,
retrieved
May
13,2019,
https://biologydictionary.net/cell-theory/
CPALMS Where Educators Go for Bright Ideas. Cell Theory.
retrieved 2019
https://www.cpalms.org/Public/PreviewResourceUpload/Preview/22747
Getting nerdy with Mel and Gerdy. Robert Hooke’s Contribution to Cells and Cell Theory,
retrieved
2017,
https://gettingnerdywithmelandgerdy.com/robert-hooke-cells-cell-
theory/
Grigg,
Cindy.
The
Cell
theory.
retrieved
from
https://1.cdn.edl.io/c6lwT9sztuB233asZhbSenaJB9g3MwcPL0TSzwDdswjemEno.pdf
Hoefnagels, Marielle. General Biology (Books I and II). McGraw-Hill Education, 2016.
Kesler Science. Cell theory lesson plan- A Complete Science Lesson using 5E Method of
Instruction.
retrieved
https://www.keslerscience.com/cell-theory-lesson-plan-a-
complete-science-lesson-using-the-5e-method-of-instruction/
PBS Learning Media. High School: Cellular Structure and Function. retrieved 2020
https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.cell.lp_strufx/cellularstructure-and-function/dvd
Ramos, Anna Cherylle M., and John Donnie A. Ramos. Exploring life through
Science Series General Biology 1. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House
Inc., 2017.
Taylor
K.
Common
Sense
Education.
Cell
organelles.
retrieved
https://www.commonsense.org/education/lesson-plans/cell-organelles
34
from
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Department of Education, Region VII, Division of Cebu Province
Office Address: IPHO Bldg. Sudlon,
FAFGJ Lahug, Cebu City
Telefax: (032) 255-6405
Email Address: cebu.province@deped.gov.ph
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