Emic and Etic Views of Culture
Culture is the way of life
VOCABULARY
Emic
-
Refers to research that fully studies one
culture with no (or only a secondary)
cross-cultural focus.
Etic
-
refers to research that studies crosscultural differences
What are the levels of organizational culture?
 Typical organizational behaviors
- the most observable level of culture,
and consist of behavior patterns and
outward manifestations of culture, such
as perks provided to executives, dress
codes, the level of technology utilized
(and where it is utilized), and the
physical layout of workspaces.
 Values
- underlies and to a large extent
determine behavior, but they are not
directly observable (as behaviors are).
Organizational Culture
-
Is a group of internal values and
behaviors in an organization.
It includes experiences, ways of
thinking, beliefs and future
expectations.
An etic view of a culture is the perspective of an
outsider looking in.
The emic approach to studying human culture
focuses on the members of the culture being
studied.
What Is an Organizational Culture?
Organizational culture refers to a system of
shared assumptions, values, and beliefs. that
show an individual what is appropriate and
inappropriate behavior.
 Fundamental Assumptions
- An organization’s underlying
assumptions grow out of
values, until they become taken for
granted and drop out of awareness.
These levels may
be viewed like an iceberg, with the
most immediately visible level at the
top, while the others are generally
submerged or implicit.
Explain the Context, Content,
Processes and Consequences of
Socialization.
Man is a social being. When man is
referred to a social being, it means a
being who lives and conducts activity in
social relationships differently from
natural being.
Socialization
 Is the process of internalizing the norms
and ideologies of society.
 a continuing process whereby an
individual acquires a personal identity
and learns the norms, values, behavior,
and social skills appropriate to his or
her social position.
Five types/stages of socialization
Primary socialization
 takes place from birth through
adolescence
Secondary socialization
 continues throughout one's life
Professional or Developmental Socialization
 which involves a learning process
wherein the focus in on developing our
social skills.
Anticipatory socialization
 is the process facilitated by social
interactions, in which non-groupmembers learn to take on the values
and standards of groups that they
aspire to join, so as to ease their entry
into the group and help them interact
competently once they have been
accepted by it.
Re-Socialization
 when an individual changes his group
and become a part of new group
The process of learning a new way of life is
called re-socialization.
Identity
 we make ourselves more visible to
society and hence people recognize us.
 it is the process of transferring norms,
values, beliefs, and behaviors to future
group members.
The definition of identity is who you are, the
way you think about yourself, the way you are
viewed by the world and the characteristics that
define you.
Psychologists assume that identity formation is
a matter of “finding oneself” by matching one's
talents and potential with available social roles.
3 factors important in shaping one’s personal
identity
 their culture
 their memories
 their societal labels.