Pointer Scale Deflecting system convert electrical signal to mechanical force * No input signal, pointer at zero position - Magnitude effect Current pass through coil, produce a bar magnet Soft iron near the coil, it is magnetized - Force of attraction between the coil and soft iron piece Moving iron attraction type instrument - Electrodynamometer type instrument - - Force of repulsion between 2 current carrying coil - Spring control - - Angle and I are directly proportional - PMMC Permanent Magnet Moving Coil for DC Measurement