Review sheet - test 1 Ch. 25 trees / cladistics understanding trees 1) 2) 3) 4) read the article - make sure you understand monophyly, paraphyly, polyphyly how does a cladistic analysis work? know the basic terminology 1) primitive vs. derived 2) autapomorphy, synapomorphy, plesiomorphy 3) homology, analogy, homoplasy 5) know the basic terminology associated with trees. 6) what is parsimony? 7) what is a polytomy? why is it bad? or is it? 1) what is represented by a polytomy? 2) resolving polytomies… be able to check to make sure a polytomy can’t be easily resolved 8) what is an outgroup? 9) what does it mean to root a tree? 10) be able to look at a tree and understand what it means. 11) be able to construct the most parsimonious tree for a character matrix using the wagner method. Ch. 26,27,28 Eukarya/Plant groups taxonomy 12) review taxonomy sheet #1. 13) know the major clades of the eukarya. 14) which of these clades are plants, animals, and fungi in? 15) what are the two big groups of plants? 16) what is a bryophyte? 17) what are the major divisions of seed plants? 18) what division comprises the modern angiosperms? 19) what are the differences in monocots and dicots? Ch. 34 Plant parts, growth parts of the plant 20) what are the two main organ systems of plants? 21) what are the three tissue systems in plants? 22)what are some examples of plant organs? 23)what are the three main cell types in plants? shoot system 24)what are vascular bundles? 25)know the anatomy of a herbaceous stem for dicots and monocots. 26)know the different leaf types. 27)know the cross sectional anatomy of a eudicot leaf. root system 28)know the basic anatomy of a root. 29)what is a tap root? 30)know the anatomy of the root tip cross section. 31)know the parts of a root tip. 32)know the tissue types for the different root structures. 33)where does most of the absorption of water in roots occur? life history and growth 34)know the difference in primary and secondary growth. 35)what are the different life history types found in plants? 36)what is indeterminate growth? 37)what is apical dominance? 38)what is an apical meristem? 39)what is a lateral meristem? secondary growth 40)what accounts for most of the cells in a piece of wood? 41)what comprises the bark? 42)what happens to the epidermis during secondary growth? 43)what causes the rings in trees? 44)why does damage to the phloem sometimes kill a tree? Ch. 35 Plant transport levels of transport 45)know the different levels of transport that we talked about. 46)know the cell compartments we talked about. 47)what are the three ways that water can move from the cortex to the stele? 48)what is the stele? 49) why are root hairs and proton pumps xylem 50)what is the fate of most of the water that is absorbed by the roots of a plant? 51)what is transpiration? 52)why is cohesion important? 53)why is adhesion important? 54)what is an air plug? 55)how does the plant control water loss? 56)what is the photosynthesis-transpiration compromise? 57)what is guttation? phloem 58)where does the water in phloem sap come from? 59)know how phloem are loaded and unloaded. 60)what does source to sink mean? 61)what is translocation? 62)what are some examples of sinks and sources? Ch. 36 Plant nutrition nutritional requirements 63)what do plants require in the largest quantities? 64)what accounts for most of the dry weight of a plant? 65)where do plants obtain nutrients? soil 66)what are the different types of soil particles? 67)what are the layers of soil? nitrogen cycle 68) know the different types of soil bacteria, and what they do. soil management 69)what is erosion? 70)what is crop rotation? 71)what is fertilization? 72)know the pros and cons of organic and chemical fertilizers. supplemental nutrition 73)how does the sundew plant obtain nitrogen? 74)what is an epiphyte? 75)what is a parasitic plant? Ch. 37 Plant hormones classes of hormones fl fl fl 76) be familiar with the main classes of fl fl important in roots? hormones in plants. 77) what is apical dominance? what hormones are involved? 78) what hormones are involved in seed dormancy? 79) what hormones are involved in abscission of leaves / senescence? 80) what hormones are involved in phototropism? tropisms 81) know the different types of tropisms we talked about. 82) what is a tropism? 83) how do plants respond to stimuli? 84) what is meant by photomorphogenesis? 85) how do hormones end up affecting the overall shape of a plant? 86) how do plants respond to light? 87) know the responses and actions associated with phytochromes and blue-light receptors in plants. 88) how do plants know when to ower? 89) what determines when a plant owers? Ch. 38 Plant reproduction alternation of generations 90) what is alternation of generation? 91) How are patterns of alternation of generation different in different plant groups? 92) what is a gametophyte? sporophyte? 93) what are some examples of sexual and asexual reproduction in plants? basic terminology 94) What is meant by mitosis? meiosis? 95) What are spores? 96) know the terminology used to discuss sexes in plants. owers 97) what are the main functions of owers? 98) know the anatomy of a ower. 99) how is pollen produced? 100) how is the female gametophyte produced? 101) what is double fertilization? fruits 102) what is a fruit? 103) why are fruits sweet / colorful / attractive? 104) know the parts of a mature seed. 105) how does seed dormancy work? 106) why is seed dormancy important? seed dispersal 107) In what ways does seed dispersal occur? 108) how are animals involved in seed dispersal? 109) why is seed dispersal a good thing? pollination 110) what are some ways that pollination occurs? 111) why are some owers small and noncolorful? 112) why might some pollen grains be larger or smaller than others? vegetative reproduction fl 113) other examples of asexual reproduction in plants.
