MAE 3230 Thermal Fluids Laboratory “All models are wrong, but some are useful.” Instructor: Natasha Smith, 306 MEC, nLsmith@virginia.edu, 434-924-5601 In person office hours: Tues/ Thurs 10-11:50 am. Friday 11-1 pm. For appointments outside regular office hours: https://outlook.office365.com/owa/calendar/MeetwithProfSmith@myuva.onmicrosoft.com/bookings/ TAs: Undergrad TAs: Jake Bales (jwb5ej), Griffin Dewey (ggd4kfa), Blake Wiese (bew6eb) Graduate TAs: Pedro Herrerra (pgh4xu) and Andie Daniels (ad6qv) Andie Daniels Logistics Discussion: M 12:00-12:50 pm, MEC 205; Video recordings will be posted shortly after each lecture for those in the online discussion section. Labs: SIS has section assignment days and times. Each lab meets for 2 hours/week in MEC 113 unless otherwise specified in the weekly schedule posted on CANVAS. Course Description Did you know… - - The Titanic wreckage is 12,500 feet (2.4 miles) below sea level. At his depth, what would have been the pressure on the Titan, the submersible that imploded on a excursion to inspect the Titanic? The US Coast Guard employs a search and rescue boat that is “self-righting”. This means it will flip back over even if cap-sized!? What engineering principles make this possible? The Super Soaker water gun was invented by Lonnie Johnson, a mechanical engineer, while he was working at NASA? He happened upon the idea while performing experiments on a new type of heat pump. What do heat pumps and squirt guns have in common? As a practicing engineer, you could be involved in designing a wide array of thermal-fluid systems including boats and water toys as well as engines, thermal protection systems, and hydraulic brakes to name a few. Thermal-fluid systems are engineering designs that capitalize on the storage, transfer, and conversion of energy. In other courses, you are learning how to apply conservation (i.e. of mass and energy) principles to analyze such systems. In this course, you will be challenged to make predictions about fluid behavior and then test out those predictions. This will build confidence in your ability to make similar predictions about real world systems. However, for a variety of reasons, engineered systems in the ‘real world’ often do not behave as predictably as analytical models might suggest. Experimentation is a vital tool needed to bridge the gap Page 1 of 7 between theories and real-world performance. Like real systems, experiments are subject to randomness and uncertainty that must be taken into account. Thus, the design of an experiment as well as the interpretation of results demand consideration of the effects from errors in modeling, measurement, and experimentation. In this course, you will design experiments to test a theoretical models from the thermal fluid sciences, execute those experiments, and provide critical analysis of results. Finally, the design decisions engineers make need to stand up to scrutiny from our professional peers, clients, and the public. Therefore, clear and effective communication of technical information is a critical skill to practice. You will exercise theses skills through a written full laboratory report and an oral poster presentation. Course goals and learning outcomes My intent for this course is that it will help improve your knowledge, build up your skill set, and continue your character development for the engineering profession. As engineers, we make design decisions informed by our knowledge of foundational principles such as laws of conservation of mass and energy 1. However, we also need skill in designing experiments and analyzing data to expand upon that theoretical knowledge, 2 and an ability to communicate our findings effectively 3. Finally, ours is a collaborative profession. Engineers usually work in teams and often must advocate decisions which are ultimately made by others (managers, politicians, the public, etc) 4. To get at these lofty goals, by the end of this course you will be able to: 1. Determine forces on static bodies within a fluid. 2. Calculate various flow properties by applying Newton’s second law 3. Use standard equipment to measure fluid properties, e.g. temperature, pressure, density, velocity, etc. 4. Assess the uncertainty of experimental measurements. 5. Write a technical report describing an experiment design, procedure, and results. 6. Share constructive feedback to classmates. 7. Design and execute an experiment related to the thermal-fluid sciences. This will involve researching theoretical models, predicting performance, developing a procedure, and assessing results. 8. Negotiate and live up to standards for team member roles and responsibilities. Assessments 1. Prelab assignments (10%): These are short assignments to help you prepare for the coming laboratory activities. These assignments will be completed individually on Canvas/Gradescope using information obtained from the laboratory handouts and supplemental background documents. Late prelab assignments will not be accepted. These assignments align closely with the first two learning objectives. Corresponds to standard outcome #1 as defined by the ABET Criteria for Accrediting Engineering Programs. Corresponds to standard outcome #6 as defined by the ABET Criteria for Accrediting Engineering Programs. 3 Corresponds to standard outcome #3 as defined by the ABET Criteria for Accrediting Engineering Programs 4 Corresponds to standard outcome #5 as defined by the ABET Criteria for Accrediting Engineering Programs. 1 2 Page 2 of 7 2. Post-lab assignments (30%): In these assignments, you will synthesize, document, and analyze results from tests and experiments. Grading standards for each assignment will accompany the specific assignment. Post labs are submitted by the team. (Learning objectives 1-4) 3. Exams (20%): There will be one exam for the course which will test the knowledge of lab concepts across the first three quarters of the semester. The exam will be administered via Canvas/Gradescope outside of normal class and lab hours. (Learning objectives 1-4) 4. Lab Report and Peer Assessment (20%). Laboratory reports develop engineering reasoning skills and reinforce standards for effective, professional communication. For this assignment, you will take an experiment from ‘cradle to grave,’ i.e. from design, to execution, to analysis and interpretation of results, and finally to communicating these results in a laboratory report. The deliverables will provide practice in how to analyze and present experiment results. Finally, your papers will go through a peer review process like what is required for professional conferences or publication in technical journals. Each part of the process, including early drafts and your peer review of other reports, will be included in the total grade. (Learning objectives 5-6.) 5. Team designed experiment & poster presentation (15%): For this activity, your team will put into practice the full experiment design process by creating, executing, and analyzing the results of your own experiment. The experiment should be small enough in scope to be completed in one lab period using equipment from prior labs, and should test a principle or concept relating to thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, or heat and mass transfer. This activity will integrate everything you have learned in the course. You will need to do research to make reasoned predictions based on theoretical concepts, follow a systematic experiment design process to develop your procedure, evaluate your results to include assessing uncertainty, and present your findings. For the latter, your group will create a technical poster and present your work in a virtual conference during the last weeks of class. (Learning objective 7) 6. Teamwork & professionalism (5%) One hallmark of the engineering profession is that it is selfregulated; that means members work together to set and enforce standards of the community. Throughout the course, there will be various opportunities for you to contribute to your team, section, and/or the class as a whole. This includes participation in team building activities, responsiveness to your duties within your team, etc. Thus, five percent of the course grade will be based on an evaluation of your team contribution and professionalism. You will provide and receive feedback to and from members of your lab group at a couple of points throughout the semester. Some of this feedback will be delivered via an online survey system called CATME (Comprehensive Assessment of Team Member Effectiveness); you will also fill out a team selfassessment worksheet during one of the lab periods. Finally, the professionalism grade will include an evaluation from the teaching assistants and myself. (Learning objective 8) Due dates for specific assignments will be provided in the CANVAS schedule. Rubrics (or standards) will accompany each post-lab, the full lab report assignment, peer review deadlines, and the group project. These will be provided as you need them. You earn a course grades according to the following scale using the weighted average from all categories: Page 3 of 7 A+ 97-100 B+ 87-89.99 C+ 77-79.99 D+ 67-69.99 F 0-59.99 A 93-96.99 B 83-86.99 C 73-76.99 D A- 90-92.99 B- 80-82.99 C- 70-72.99 D- 60-62.99 63-66.99 Course Rhythm A tentative schedule of activities and assignments are included at the end of this syllabus. However, I ask that you maintain some flexibility in case adjustments are needed. You will find a “live” version of the weekly activities on CANVAS which you should check regularly. In general, you can expect to have a prelab due on Monday night, the evening before a lab activity for most of you. (Those in the Monday section are encouraged to complete your prelabs early so you are prepared for lab.) Similarly, post-lab assignments are due on the Friday of the week after data for a lab is collected (i.e. 8 days later if your lab section meets on Thursdays). This rhythm will be interrupted for fall reading days, the exam, and to allow for preparation and peer review of the lab report and team project. Resources to help you succeed Textbook: There is not an assigned textbook, but you will want to consult information from textbooks in Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics for guidance on theoretical principles relevant to each laboratory activity. A few options for references are listed below. Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, any edition. B. R. Munson, T. H. Okiishi, W. W. Huebsch, A. P. Rothmayer. John Wiley & Sons. Introduction to Thermal Systems Engineering: Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, and Heat Transfer, M. J. Moran, H. N. Shapiro, B.R. Munson, D. P. DeWitt, John Wiley & Sons. Thermal Science: Essentials of Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, and Heat Transfer, Erian A. Baskharone, Ph.D., McGraw-Hill, available from AccessEngineering, at https://www.accessengineeringlibrary.com/browse/thermal-science-essentials-of-thermodynamics-fluidmechanics-and-heat-transfer#fullDetails. Note: The University of Virginia Library has a license for AccessEngineering, but you may need to be logged into the NetBadge system for access. Other Suggested Reading: I enjoyed Think Like a Rocket Scientist: Simple Strategies You Can Use to Make Giant Leaps in Work and Life by Ozan Varol. Using case studies from rocket science and other business ventures, the author elaborates a number of concepts you’ll experience in lab including the impact of uncertainty, the importance of well-designed experiments, and how to critically assess data, among other ideas. FE Supplied Reference Handbook: This is a useful resource that includes important equations, properties, unit conversions, and other information across the entire engineering curriculum. It is my favorite desk reference for ‘all things Engineering’. If your career goals include earning a professional engineering license, this is the reference for the Fundamentals of Engineering exam taken near the end of your undergraduate studies. You can purchase a hard copy from https://account.ncees.org/examprep/359 or download a free pdf of the handbook. For the latter, you will need to create an account Page 4 of 7 with NCEES at https://account.ncees.org/login. CANVAS: We will use the CANVAS course site to communicate in a number of ways. Here you will find an interactive syllabus and a weekly schedule with links to lab procedure documents and other resources as well as links for assignment submission. Peers: Engineer’s rarely work alone. By sharing ideas shaped by a variety of backgrounds and experiences, you will grow as an individual as you contribute to the work of your group. Teaching Assistants: The TA for your lab section are there to help you. They will be your primary point of contact for questions about how to perform lab tasks and grading or feedback for specific assignments. If you have a grading question, please ask them before coming to me. Prof. Smith: I will host regular office hours and am available for appointments outside these hours. I also have an open-door policy which means you are welcome to drop by even during non-designated ‘office hours.’ Finally, though my schedule will show ‘busy’ during all 8 lab sections, I sometimes have the bandwidth to help students from other sections during these times. Professional and Academic Integrity The Mechanical and Aerospace engineering curricula are designed to prepare students for a career in a rewarding but demanding profession. Within this profession, the consequences for dishonesty are often catastrophic, resulting in innocent lives being lost and criminal liability for the engineer. As your academic career is a practice field for this profession, you are expected to uphold high standards of trust. Cheating or plagiarism of any kind is grounds for immediate failure of the course. This includes copying work from other students or online solutions on assignments as well as using unauthorized resources (e.g. cheat sheets, cell phones, programmable calculators, etc.) during the final. In addition, you will find the university honor policy at http://honor.virginia.edu/. Disability Accommodations I am committed to creating a learning environment that meets your needs as a diverse group of students. If you anticipate or experience any barriers to learning in this course, please feel welcome to discuss your concerns with me. If you have a disability, or think you may have a disability, you may also want to meet with the Student Disability Access Center (SDAC), to request an official accommodation. You can find more information about SDAC, including how to apply online, through their website at sdac.studenthealth.virginia.edu. If you have already been approved for accommodations through SDAC, please make sure to send me your accommodation letter and meet with me so we can develop an implementation plan together. Page 5 of 7 Tentative Schedule of Topics and Lab Activities Week # Topic Location Are electronic sensors better than analog devices? 0 Aug 21-24 No labs this week. Complete CATME Survey 1 Aug 28 Course Intro/ Electrical Measurement/ Uncertainty Quantification MEC 205 Lab Aug 28 – 31 Icebreaker, Team Formation & Electrical Measurement MEC 113 How long does it take to measure the temperature of my steak? 2 Sep 4 Temperature Measurement Devices MEC 205 Lab Sep 4-7 Temperature Measurement I MEC 113 3 Sep 11 LabView Overview MEC 205 Lab Sep 11-14 Temperature Measurement II MEC 113 Why did the Titan Submersible Implode? 4 Sep 18 Density and Buoyancy MEC 205 Lab Sep 18-22 Density & Buoyancy Lab MEC 113 5 Sep 25 Experiment Design/ Momentum Equations MEC 205 Lab Sep 25-28 Jet Impact Experiment MEC 113 6 Oct 2-6 Fall Break – No classes or labs 7 Oct 9 Anatomy of Lab Report MEC 205 Lab Oct 9-12 Report Writing Workshop MEC 113 8 Oct 16 Bernoulli’s Equation Asynchronous Lecture Video Lab Oct 16-19 Flow Measurement Lab MEC 113 If you jump out of an airplane, how fast will you fall? 9 Oct 23 Peer Review Process MEC 205 Lab Oct 23-26 Report Peer Review #1/Project Planning - Proposal MEC 113 10 Oct 30 Viscosity, Reynolds Number, & Stokes’ Law MEC 205 Page 6 of 7 Week # Topic Location Lab Oct 30 – Nov 2 Viscosity Lab/ Peer Review of Proposals MEC 103/113 11 Nov 6 Writing a Rebuttal MEC 205 No Lab Nov 7 No lab for Tuesday Sections – Election Day Lab Nov 6,8,9 Project Work MEC 103/113 12 Nov 13 Wind Tunnels and Pitot Static Tubes MEC 205 Lab Nov 13-16 Project Work MEC 103/113 13 Nov 21-24 Thanksgiving No lecture or labs this week Midterm exams due Nov 22 14 Nov 27 Poster Presentations MEC 205 Project posters due for all but Tuesday Sections Lab Nov 28 Project Work – Tuesday labs No Lab Nov 27, 29, 30 No lab – Rehearse your presentations 15 Dec 4 Course wrap-up/ Preview of Aero & ME Lab MEC 113 Project posters due for Tuesday Sections Lab Dec 4-14 Project Presentations Schedule time slots around exam schedule Page 7 of 7 MEC 1st Floor
