Sara Sánchez Torregrosa
4º Estudios Ingleses
Expresiones Culturales Contemporáneas
CULTURE MAP
I.
Introduction
● Culture's complexity in the English language
● Historical development in European languages
● Use in distinct intellectual disciplines and systems of thought
II.
Etymology and Early Meanings
● Origin: "cultura" from Latin, "colere"
●
1.
2.
3.
4.
Range of meanings of "colere"
Inhabit
Cultivate
Protect
Honour with worship
● Evolution of derived nouns
1. "Colonus" to "colony" (inhabit)
2. "Cultus" to "cult" (worship)
● "Cultura" as cultivation or tending
1. Including "cultura animi" (cultivation of the mind)
2. Subsidiary medieval meanings
● French influence
1. "Couture" and "culture" in French
2. Passage into English with primary meaning in husbandry
III. Culture as a Noun of Process
● Early uses related to tending crops or animals
● Development of the subsidiary term "coulter" (ploughshare)
● Metaphorical evolution
IV. Transition to Metaphorical Meaning
● Extension to a process of human development
● Usage examples from various authors
● Two crucial changes in meaning
V. Development of "Cultures" in Plural
● Introduction of the concept of "cultures" in plural
● Emphasis on national, traditional, and folk cultures
● Critique of European domination and universality
● Distinction between "human" and "material" development
VI. German Influence
● Borrowing of "Cultur" and later "Kultur" from French
● Main use as a synonym for civilization
● Shift towards a broader understanding of human development
VII. Modern Usage Categories
●
1.
2.
3.
Three broad categories of modern usage
Abstract noun describing intellectual, spiritual, and aesthetic development
Independent noun indicating a particular way of life
Abstract noun describing the works and practices of intellectual and artistic
activity
● Development of sense (iii) in English
● Complexity in the modern usage of the term
VIII. Associated and Derived Words
● Evolution of words like "cultivation" and "cultivated"
● Introduction of the adjective "cultural"
● Hostility towards the term "culture"
● Impact of social and anthropological uses
● Contemporary use of "culturalism" and its challenges