ASSIGNMENT 1
Wireless
Communication
Course Instructor:
DR. KRISHNA NAIK
Rushil Dhamande
121EC0044
Communication System:
The communication system is a system which
describes the information exchange between two
points. The process of transmission and reception of
information is called communication. The major
elements of communication are the Transmitter of
information, the Channel or medium of communication
and the Receiver of information.
Wireless Communication:
Wireless communication systems use radio waves,
electromagnetic waves and infrared waves to
communicate from one point to another point and the
wire communication system uses wire, optical fibre
which works on the phenomenon of total internal
reflection to communicate from one point to another
point.
Wireless communication is further divided into
several different modes which we will be discussing
in more details
Wireless Networks:
Two primary types of wireless networks are
prevalent in various settings:
Local Area Network (LAN):
 Exemplified by internal office networks or
interconnected home devices (e.g., computers,
game consoles, mobile devices) linked to a common
router within a specific location.
 Traditionally, the establishment of a local area
network required a wired connection using an
"ethernet cable." However, the prevalent use of
WiFi for local networking has become standard
despite the ongoing presence of wired networks,
offering advantages like enhanced protection from
interference.
Wide Area Network (WAN):
 Encompasses larger geographical areas, with the
internet serving as a prominent example of a
WAN.
 In the context of the internet, the majority of data
transmission relies on wired connections due to
their superior speed, reliability, and reduced
susceptibility to interference.
 Nevertheless, the rise of modern mobile devices,
such as smartphones and tablets, has led to an
increasing number of users opting for wireless
connectivity through cellular data when accessing
the internet. It's crucial to note that this differs
from WiFi and may pose confusion, particularly
for individuals less acquainted with technology
intricacies.
2.4GHz:
 Operates in the gigahertz range, providing an
extended coverage range, making it suitable for
larger areas. However, this comes at the cost of
slower data transmission rates.
 Compatible with a broad spectrum of WiFienabled devices, offering versatility in
connectivity.
5GHz:
 Functions at a higher frequency, offering faster
data transmission and experiencing less
interference from common household appliances
compared to the 2.4GHz band.
 However, its coverage area is relatively smaller
due to reduced wall penetration by higher
frequency signals.
 Some older devices may not support the 5GHz
frequency, limiting their ability to connect to
5GHz WiFi networks.
 Importantly, 5GHz WiFi should not be confused
with cellular 5G technology; they serve different
purposes. Some router manufacturers contribute
to this confusion by incorporating "5G" in the
default names of their 5GHz WiFi networks. To
clarify, 5GHz WiFi is designed for short-range
home and office networking, while "5G" refers to
the fifth generation of cell phone networks.
WIRELESS NETWORK IN CELLULAR
COMMUNICATION:
3G:
Represents the third generation in the evolution of
wireless mobile telecommunication technology.
Predominantly present in mobile phones/smartphones
and SIM card-enabled tablets.
4G:
A colloquial term denoting the fourth generation of
cellular telecommunication technologies.
Boasts speeds approximately ten times faster than its
predecessor, 3G, marking a significant advancement in
wireless communication.
LTE (Long Term Evolution):
Often marketed as 4G LTE, LTE is technically an
evolution of 3G rather than true 4G.
In practical terms, the performance of both 4G and
LTE is comparable in most everyday scenarios,
blurring the distinction for the majority of users.
5G:
Represents the fifth-generation technology standard
for cellular networking.
Introduces substantial bandwidth improvements,
enhancing the speed and capabilities of cellular
wireless networks beyond the achievements of
previous iterations.
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION USED IN
SHORT RANGE WIRELESS DEVICES:
Bluetooth:
 Utilizes radio waves within the frequency range of 2.402
to 2.480GHz, distinctly separate from the 2.4GHz WiFi
previously discussed.
 Common applications include linking wireless computer
peripherals (e.g., mice, keyboards, speakers, game
controllers) and facilitating remote control interactions,
such as connecting a mobile phone to Bluetooth-enabled
car or home audio systems.
Infrared:
 Operates by utilizing invisible infrared light, as opposed
to radio waves.
 Designed for short-range communication, it necessitates
a direct line of sight between the communicating
devices. This is because infrared light does not easily
penetrate solid objects like walls, in contrast to radio
waves.