JAPANESE LITERATURE
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Japanese Literature is one of the major
literatures of the world comparable to
English literature in age and variety.
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Poems and odes to the Gods were
composed in the early Japanese Language
before the art of writing was known in Japan.
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Examines works of literature such as stories,
novels, poetry, and plays to research the
workings of the human condition in Japan
Loyalty,
obligation, and
self-sacrifice
compromised by human emotion and
affected by elements of the supernatural
are major themes of classic Japanese
Literature.
HISTORY
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Medieval Literature (1185-1603)
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The oldest surviving works are two historical
records, the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, which
were completed in the early 8th century.
partly based.
Man’yoshu (759) which is the oldest example of
Japanese poetry.
In the 11th century, during the peak of the
Heian Period, the world's first novel, The Tale
of Genji, was written in Japan
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Modern literature - Meiji period
JAPANESE WRITING SYSTEM
KANJI - Ideographs from Chinese Characters
KANA - A pair of syllables consist of;
Hiragana ひらがな - Means “ordinary” or
“simple” used in native Japanese words.
Katakana カタカナ- A phoetic alphabet
and was originally considered as “men’s
writing”
WHAT IS HAIKU?
JAPANESE LITERATURE FOUR MAIN PERIODS:
Ancient Literature
Classical Literature
Medieval Literature
Modern Literature
Ancient Literature (until 794)
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mostly deal with Japaneselegends and
myths.
The finest example is (Kojiki) - written by
O no Yasumaro in the early 8th century.
Classical Literature (794-1185)
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During the Heian period that followed
the Nara period (ancient period), the
Modern Japanese literature is typically
further divided into early modern and
modern literature.
Early modern – Edo period
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was greatly influenced by civil wars and
the emergence of the warrior class,
resulting in the rise of war tales.
Among the finest examples of are the
Tale of the Heike
Modern Literature (1603-)
Writing was introduced to Japan from China
in the 5thcentury via the Korean peninsula.
Nihon Shoki (720) which has been shown to be
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Japanese literature reached its golden
age.
Birth of the Tale of Genji wrote by the
lady-in-waiting Murasaki Shikibu
Haiku is a three-line poem with
seventeen syllables, written in a 5/7/7
syllable count.
THE GREAT FOUR INVENTED HAIKU:
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Matsuo Basho
Kobayashi Issa
Masaoka Shiki
Yosa Buson
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
ANCIENT LITERATURE/ FOLK LITERATURE
Pre-colonial period (BC to 1564)
This period is mostly based on oral traditions
and crude on ideology and phraseology.
ORAL LITERATURE
- Riddles (bugtong),
Tanaga
Proverbs
(salawikain),
WELL-KNOWN LITERATURE
NOLI ME TANGERE
“Touch me not”
- 1887
- It explores perceived inequities in law and
practice in terms of the treatment by the ruling
government.
languages used: Spanish and Latin
EL FILIBUSTERISMO
FOLK SONGS
“The Reign of Greed”
- Folk lyric used to express hopes and aspirations
FOLK TALES
- 1889
- It was the second novel which is the sequel to
Noli Me Tangere. It is the story of the last days
- Myths, Legends, Fables, Fantastic stories
languages used: Spanish
EPICS
Author: Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y. Alonso
Realonda
- Lengthy narratives based on oral tradition
revolving around supernatural events or
heroic deeds.
LITERATURE UNDER SPANISH PERIOD
SPANISH COLONIZATION PERIOD (1565 TO 1863)
This period is classified into two distinctions;
religious and secular. It also introduced Spanish
as the medium of communication.
Birth: June 19, 1861
Died: age of 35
IBONG ADARNA
- a 16th century filipino epic poem. It is about
an eponymous magical bird.
3 BROTHERS: Don Juan, Don Pedro, Don Diego
Language: Tagalog
RELIGIOUS LITERATURE
Author: Jose de la Cruz
- Religious lyrics written by ladino poets. Used to
teach Filipinos the Spanish language.
- Known as Huseng Sisiw
- 1746-1829
- He was one of the great Tagalog writers during
the spanish colonization of the Philippines.
- He was said to be the mentor of Francisco
Balagtas.
SECULAR (NON-RELIGIOUS) LITERATURE
- Awit, Korido, Prose narratives
CONTEMPORY LITERATURE FORMS
THE REBIRTH OF FREEDOM (1946 TO PRESENT)
The early post-liberation period was marked by
liberation and nationalism. As time goes by,
Filipino writers continued to write about social
issues, gender/ethnic related topics and for
personal intentions.
FILIPINO POETRY
Poems during the Third Republic were romantic
and revolutionary. Writers also included colorful,
violent and insulting languages in their works.
FILIPINO SONGS
Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that were
really true-to-life such as grief, poverty,
freedom, love of God, of country and of
fellowmen.
FLORANTE AND LAURA
- 1838-1815
- Is a philippine literary classical, deemed an
intergal part of Filipino experience.
- 1,722 stanza
Language: Tagalog
Author: Francisco Balagtas Baltazar
- 1788-1862
- He was a Filipino poet and literature of the
Tagalog language during Spanish rule in the
Philippines
- Student of Huseng sisiw
AMERICAN LITERATURE
COLONIAL PERIOD
 was an American writer, editor, and literary critic
 known for his poetry and short stories, particularly his
tales of mystery and suspense
 the inventor of detective fiction
 Influenced by European settlers
Notable work: THE RAVEN
PERIODS OF AMERICAN LITERATURE
THE ROMANTIC PERIOD
 1830-1870
 emphasized nature, symbolism, transcendentalism,
and individualism.
Key authors of this period:
 Emily Dickinson
 Edgar Allan Poe
REALISM AND NATURALISM
 1870-1910
 Focused on ordinary characters ordinary, everyday life
situations
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Publication date: 1845
Lenore- namatay na di makalimutan ng boy
EMILY DICKINSON
 one of the most powerful voices of American culture
 poems deal with themes of death and immortality
 explore aesthetics, society, nature, and spirituality
Notable work: “Hope” is the thing with feathers
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THE MODERNIST PERIOD
 1910-1945
 These three techniques;
- Fragmentation;
- stream of consciousness;
- free verse.
 Modernism
THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
 1945-Present
 Reflects the current political, social, and broader
personal issues of the time
 Very realistic characters
 Writing styles that are easy to read
 The desire to experiment with new genres
GREATEST AMERICAN AUTHORS
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE
 Novelist and short story writer
 Works have been labelled ‘dark romanticism
the never-ending remembrance
hope doesn't speak to us in a conventional way: it
is a feeling that we get, not always a rational one,
that helps us to overcome difficulties.
Publication date: 1861
ERNEST HEMINGWAY
 was a novelist, short story writer, and journalist
 He published seven novels, six short story collections,
and two non-fiction works
 won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954
Notable work: THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA
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portray every man and woman's battle for
meaning and success in their life.
Publication date: 1952
Characters:
Santiago – the marlin
Pedrico- binigyan ng isda ni Santiago
Manolin – kasama ni Santiago
Notable work: THE SCARLET LETTER
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a scarlet A worn as a punitive mark of adultery.
Publication date: 1950
Genre: Romantic, Historical
Characters:
Hester Prinne – nangabit
Roger Chillingworth – real husband
Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale – lover ni hester
TONI MORRISON
 known for their vivid dialogue, their detailed
characters and epic themes
 awarded both the Pulitzer Prize and the American
Book Award in (1988) for Beloved, and the Nobel Prize
for Literature in (1993)
Notable work: BELOVED
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he works examines the destructive legacy of
slavery as it chronicles the life of a Black
Pearl – anak ni Hester at Arthur
Publication date: 1987
EDGAR ALLAN POE
Characters:
Sethe – mother
Denver – anak na babae
Beloved – toddler na namatay at sumapi
JOHN STEINBACK
 author of 16 novels and various other works, including
five short story collections.
 He is widely known for the novels, East of Eden
Notable work: EAST OF EDEN
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follows the intertwined destinies of two families—
the Trasks and the Hamilton’s—whose
generations helplessly reenact the fall of Adam
and Eve and the poisonous rivalry of Cain and
Abel.
Publication date: 1952
Characters:
Cain- bad
Abel- good
JOSEPH HELLER
 was an American writer of satirical novels, short
stories and plays
 the great American anti-war satire, Catch 22
Notable work: CATCH 22
Publication date: 1961
ARTHUR MILLER
 was a play wright and ‘great man’ of American
theatre, which he championed throughout his long
life.
 His many dramas were among the most popular by
American authors and several are considered to be
among the best American plays
Notable work: THE DEATH OF A SALESMAN
Publication date: 1949
Characters:
Willy Loman- father
Biff ad Happy – son of Willy
AFRICAN LITERATURE
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ORATURE/ORAL LITERATURE
Ugandan- Piu Sorimu
Pre-Colonial Literature
Epic of Sandiata – composed medieval
mali
Epic of Dinga – Old Ghana Empire
Kebra nagast/The book of Kings
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117 chapters
Best work in this traditional
Trickster story – Traditional African Folktale
Colonial Literature
Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford
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Published the first African novel written
in English
Work: Ethiopia Unbound
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1st African novel written in English.
Herbert Isaac Ernest Phlomo
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Published 1st English language African
play
Work: The Girl Who Like to be Saved
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1st language African Play
Ngugi wa Thiong’O
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Wrote 1st east African drama
Work: Black Hermit
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First east African drama
Chinua Achebe
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Nigerian novelist, professor and critic
Won the man booker international prize
in 2007
Father of modern African writing
30 honorary degrees
Works:
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Things fall apart
No longer at ease
Arrow of god
Man of the people
HEBREW LITERATURE
FAST FACTS ON THE STATE OF ISRAEL
CAPITAL: JERUSALEM
FINANCIAL CENTER: TEL AVIV
CURRENCY: ISRAELI NEW SHEKEL
ANTHEM: HATIKVAH THE HOPE
DEMONYM: ISRAELI
RELIGION: MONOTHEISTIC JEHOVA
DATE OF STABLISHMENT: MAY 14, 1948
TYPE OF GOVERNMENT: UNITARY
PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT
HEAD OF GOVERNMENT: PRIME MINESTER
LEGISLATIVE BODY: KNESSET
TOTAL LAND AREA: 8,019/8,522 SQ MILES
HISTORY OF THE NAME
ISRAEL-New name of Jacob after he
wrestled with an angel
MEMEPTAH STELE- First record of the
name Israel. It said “Israel is laid
waste, his seed is no more.”
THE FLAG
BLUE STRIPES- The Tallit (Prayer Shawl)
Star of David (Magen David or Shield of
David)- the Jewish people and Judaism.
White- Chesed (Devine benevolence)
Blue- Gevurah (God’s severity) God’s glory
and purity
TOURIST SPOTS
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THE WAILING WALL OR WESTERN WALL
(JERUSALEM)
CHURCH OF THE NATIVITY (BETHLEHEM)
OPEN DOORS (RISHON LEZION MEMORIAL
PARK)
THE LANGUAGE AND ALEFBET
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23 Consonants
4 have socondary vowels
Written from right to left
Alef (first letter) Tav (Last letter)
Each letter has numerical values