BE1200 Lesson 3:Programming With Arduino Dr. Lubna Alazzawi 1 Review 2 Review: Arduino Board 3 Review: Programming Structure of an Arduino Program • Functions • Digital I/O • Constants • Variables 4 Review: Data Types 5 Cont. …….with variables 6 Array • An array is a list of values that can be accessed via an index number • They are used to build a table of values that can easily be accessed • For example: If you want to store different levels of brightness you could create six variables called light00, light01, light02, and so on 7 Array Creating (Declaring) an Array All the methods below are valid ways to create (declare) an array. Example: More examples: int LEDs [ ] = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}; int LEDs [5] = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}; char Str [ ] = {'a', 'r', 'd', 'u', 'i', 'n', 'o'}; We can declare an array without choosing a size. • The compiler counts the elements and creates an array of the appropriate size. 8 Accessing an Array • The array is a zero indexed • That is, the first element of the array is at index 0 int • a Example 1: X= myArray[0]; // X=3 9 Accessing an Array • Example 2: int myArray [ ]= { 1, 5, 8, 6 }; Y = myArray[3]; // Y=6 • Example 3: int Array [10]={9,3,2,4,5,2,7,8,9,11}; Z = Array[4]; // Z= 5 10 Accessing an Array Example 4: This example demonstrates the use of an array to hold LED numbers int ledLEDs[ ] = { 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7}; // an array of LED numbers to which LEDs are attached 11 Example 5 12 Example 5: Code cont.….. 13 Example 5: Using Array 14 Example 5: with and without Array 15 Example 5: Schematic Diagram for 8 LEDs 16 Exercise 1** • Draw the schematic diagram for the traffic lights circuit ? 17 Main Loops in Arduino Programming 18 General Structure 19 Control Structure • Control structures allow you to: ➢ Execute the code multiple times using For loops ➢ Perform actions only under certain conditions using: if, if else, while, Do while, case statements… 20 For loop • The for statement is used to repeat a block of statements enclosed in curly braces a specified number of times • An increment or decrement counter is usually used to terminate the loop • Syntax of the for loop: for (initialization; condition; increment or decrement) { //statement(s); } Example 1: for (int i=0; i<= 50; i++) 21 For Loop Example 2 22 Example 3 How to use a for loop to blink a single LED four times 23 Exercise 2**: Dim the LED using a PWM pin and for loop - TinkerCad 24 Array and for Loop Examples 25 Exercise 3** LED flicker using (for loop and array) - Arduino Board 26 Exercise 4**: Knight Rider using (Array and for loop) with TinkerCad 27 Exercise 5** ( Using Arduino board) SOS Morse Code Signaler 28 What is Morse code • Morse code is a method of sending text messages by keying in a series of electronic pulses • Usually represented as a short pulse (called a "dot") and a long pulse (a "dash") • The purpose of this project is to introduce the concept of For loop 29 Morse Code 30 Connect it up 31 Exercise 5 Code: Task 1** • Task1:SOS Message 32 Exercise 5 Code cont…… • Task1:SOS Code 33 Exercise 5- Task 2** • Modify the code to display: A. The first letter of your name using Morse code B. Number 20 using Morse code 34 What you need to submit for Lesson 3? Please see next slide 35 Lesson 3: Submission • • • • • Exercise 1- slide 17 Exercise 2- slide 24 Exercise 3 - slide 26 Exercise 4 - slide 27 Exercise 5- slide 28, Task 1 and Task 2