Master : Analytical Sciences and Instrumentation
Prepositions
and
Conjunctions
Supervised by:
Présented by :
KHADIJA ELHAMIDI
Pr. SANAE SAOIBI
FAYCEL BENDIDI
ASMA AHARTAF
2023-2024
OUTLINE
I .General Introduction
II .Introduction to Prepositions
III .Advanced Prepositions
IV .Introduction to Conjunctions
V .Advanced Conjunctions
VI .General Conclusion
General
Introduction
Prepositions and conjunctions are fundamental components of the English language that
help convey relationships between words and phrases. Prepositions indicate location, time,
direction, or relationships, while conjunctions connect words, phrases, or clauses.
Understanding how to use these parts of speech correctly is essential for constructing
coherent and meaningful sentences. In this presentation, we will explore the functions and
examples of prepositions and conjunctions, providing a solid foundation for accurate
usage in written and spoken English.
Introduction
to
Prepositions
What are Prepositions?
•
•
Prepositions are essential parts of speech that help establish relationships between other words
in a sentence. They often indicate location, time, direction, manner, or other relationships.
Some common prepositions include "in," "on," "at," "by," "for," and "with." Let's take a closer look at
their usage.
Prepositional Phrases
•
A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition and its object, which is usually a noun or pronoun that
the preposition relates to.
•
The preposition indicates the relationship between the object and another element in the sentence.
•
For example, in the sentence "The book is on the table," the prepositional phrase is "on
the table," where "on" is the preposition, and "table" is the object.
•
Examples :
o
o
Example 1: "She walked through the park."
▪
Prepositional phrase: "through the park"
▪
Preposition: "through"
▪
Object: "park"
Example 2: "I have a meeting at 3 PM."
▪
Prepositional phrase: "at 3 PM"
▪
Preposition: "at"
▪
Object: "3 PM"
Advanced
Prepositions
Compound Prepositions
•
Compound prepositions are formed by combining two or
more prepositions or a preposition with another word.
•
They provide more specific meanings and allow us to
express complex relationships.
•
Examples of common compound prepositions include
"according to," "in front of," "instead of," and "because of."
Prepositions of Time and Place
•
Prepositions can indicate time and place relationships.
•
Prepositions used to indicate time include "during,"
"throughout," and "until."
o
•
Example: "She studied throughout the night."
Prepositions used to indicate place include "above,"
"below," "between," and "among."
o
Example: "The bird is flying above the clouds."
Introduction
to
Conjunctions
What are Conjunctions?
•
Conjunctions are words that connect words, phrases, or
clauses within a sentence.
•
They play a crucial role in creating cohesive and structured writing.
•
There are three types of conjunctions:
o
coordinating,
o
subordinating,
o
correlative.
Coordinating Conjunctions
•
Coordinating conjunctions connect words, phrases, or independent clauses of equal
importance.They are used to create compound sentences.
•
The most common coordinating conjunctions are "for," "and," "nor," "but," "or," "yet," and "so."
•
Remember the acronym FANBOYS to help you remember them.
•
Examples of Compound Sentences:
o
Example 1: "I love to read, and she enjoys painting."
o
Example 2: "He studied hard, so he passed the exam."
o
Example 3: "She wanted to go, but he stayed at home."
Advanced
Conjunctions
Subordinating Conjunctions
•
Subordinating conjunctions connect independent clauses to dependent clauses,
indicating a subordinate relationship. They are used to create complex sentences.
•
They introduce adverbial clauses, which provide additional
information about time, place, reason, condition, or concession.
•
Examples of subordinating conjunctions include "although,"
"because," "if," "since," and "while."
•
Examples of Complex Sentences:
o
Example 1: "Although it was raining, they went for a walk."
o
Example 2: "Because he studied, he scored well on the test."
o
Example 3: "She couldn't attend the party since she had to work."
Correlative Conjunctions
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Correlative conjunctions are used in pairs to connect similar elements in a sentence.
•
They provide balance and emphasize equality or contrast.
•
Examples of correlative conjunctions include "either...or,"
"neither...nor," and "both...and."
•
Examples :
o
Example 1: "Either you come with me, or I'll go alone."
o
Example 2: "Neither John nor Mary could solve the puzzle."
o
Example 3: "Both the cat and the dog are adorable."
General
Conclusion
In conclusion, prepositions and conjunctions play vital roles in English grammar and
communication. Prepositions establish connections between nouns, pronouns, and other
elements, providing important details about location, time, and relationships. Conjunctions,
on the other hand, join words, phrases, or clauses, allowing for smooth transitions and logical
connections within sentences. By mastering the usage of prepositions and conjunctions, one
can effectively communicate ideas and thoughts in a precise and articulate manner.