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TEST 4 - QƯDSGHQFDKJqgdwfqshdghsadvgsbcdgbsvqjjjj
=))) ing lẹt (Trường Trung học cơ sở – Trung học phổ thông Nguyễn Khuyến, Thành phố
Hồ Chí Minh)
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OLYMPIC 10 – TEST 4
I. Choose the word or phrase that best fits each blank in the following sentences. (20p.)
1. I would like passersby to be excited by the sculpture and to feel it has not
a __________ value but a timeless feel to it.
A. conclusive
B. swindling
C. twisting
D. superficial
2. _________ recent incidents, we are asking our customers to take particular care of their
personal belongings.
A. Considering
B. Bearing in mind
C. After all
D. In the light of
3. But most people will not assess the small print setting out changes to a(n) _________ and
little understood institutional structure.
A. ambiguous
B. raucous
C. intricate
D. lively
4. Every time she is in a _________, she rings her father and asks for help.
A. chance
B. trouble
C. difficulty
D. fix
5. The world’s first boot camp for teenagers addicted to the Internet may be the _________
of things to come.
A. draft
B. formula
C. character
D. shape
6. Teachers aim to help children become _________ learners.
A. autonomous
B. withdrawn
C. susceptible
D. composed
7. Sam was born in the country and had a deep _________ with nature.
A. credence
B. stature
C. guile
D. affinity
8. When her tears had _________ their course, she felt calmer and more in control.
A. run
B. put
C. take
D. set
9. His emotional problems _________ from the attitudes he encountered as a child.
A. flourish
B. stem
C. root
D. spout
10.
She _________ scorn on his plans to get rich quickly.
A. threw
B. splashed
C. spread
D. heaped
11.
He quickly learned the _________ of the job.
A. by and large
B. fair and square C. ins and outs
D. odds and ends
12.
The picking of the fruit, _________, takes about a week.
A. whose work they receive no money
B. for which work they receive no money
C. they receive no money for it
D. as they receive no money for that work
13.
She made _________ telling him exactly what she thought of him.
A. the best of
B. no bones about C. a splash
D. a clean sweep of
14.
My patience is beginning to _________.
A. make waves
B. hold water
C. wear very thin D. stay afloat
15.
For the first few months the babies looked so alike I couldn’t tell _________.
A. who is whom
B. which is which
C. which from which
D. whom with whom
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_________ invisible to the unaided eye, ultraviolet light can be detected in a
number of ways.
A. Although is
B. Despite
C. Even though it D. Although
17.
You can imagine how upset I was after the closure of the magazine. Since the first
day on its staff I _________ it as my best job ever.
A. have considered
B. considered
C. had considered D. was considered
18.
The boss shouted at me as if _________.
16.
A. I had been the only one who were to blame
B. I were the only one to be to blame
C. nobody but I am to blame
D. only I had been blamed
19.
If I were you, I would regard their offer with considerable _________ because it
seems too good to be true.
A. suspicion
B. doubt
C. reservation
D. disbelief
20.
I love to do things for children because I get a _________ out of it.
A. pass
B. shoot
C. kick
II. Fill each blank with a suitable preposition. (10p.)
D. move
a. Environmental groups are locked (1) _______ argument with the council (2) _______ the
proposed new bypass through parts of Charmy Wood.
b. My new hiking boots will be great once I’ve broken them (3) _______.
c. We were taken out for a meal (4) _______ the company’s expense.
d. Let’s kick (5) _______ this session by introducing ourselves, shall we?
e. I don’t want to turn down work, but I’ve got far too much (6) _______ my plate.
f. She’s worked very hard at her tennis and she’s progressing (7) _______ leaps and bounds.
g. ‘This will cause all sorts of problems.’ - ‘I know. It is a recipe (8) _______ disaster.’
h. I believe the apartment for sale is now (9) _______ offer.
i. (10) _______ balance, I think the government’s doing a reasonable job.
III. Write the correct FORM of each bracketed word in the numbered spaces provided.
(20p.)
A successful failure
If there is one historical figure that has been regarded as a failure during his lifetime by so many
biographers and yet is remembered by secondary school history students as a (1) (LEGEND)
_____ explorer and campaigner, it is David Livingstone.
As an explorer, he erred (2) (DISASTER) _____ in thinking that that the Zambezi river was
navigable and he misidentified the source of the Nile. In addition, by the time he died, his
campaign against the East African slave trade had had (3) (DISAPPOINT) _____ little success.
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He was not much better as a husband or father, either, leaving his family behind for years as he
trampled thousands of miles over (4) (HOSPITALITY) _____ rugged African terrain.
Despite his mistakes and the fact that his behaviour was often less than (5) (EXAMPLE) _____
he deserved more recognition than he has been given by experts. Indeed, there were values he
(6) (BODY) _____ that have held him in high esteem in some circles. He found the (7)
(TREAT) _____ of the blacks ensnared in the booming African slave trade so (8) (TASTE)
_____ that he fought (9) (TIRE) _____ to stamp it out. His attempts may have failed during his
active campaign but in the year after his death, the Sultan of Zanzibar signed a treaty with
Britain guaranteeing the (10) (ABOLISH) _____ of the East African slave trade, an agreement
Livingstone had dreamed of.
IV. Choose the word that best fits each of the blanks in the following passage. Write your
answers in the numbered box. (15p.)
Why people laugh
Sunday May 4th will be World Laughter Day. Dr Madan Kataria, who introduced this annual
event, says we need more laughter in our lives to (1) _____ the global rise of stress and
loneliness. But surely that strange sound that we make periodically can’t be the (2) _____ to
such problems.
If an alien were to land on our planet and (3) _____ a stroll among a crowd of earthlings, it
would hear a lot of ‘ha-ha’ noises. It might wonder what (4) _____ this strange habit served. If
we ask ourselves what (5) _____ a good laugh, the obvious answer is that it is a response to
something funny. (6) _____ one scientist, Robert Provine, says humour has surprisingly little to
(7) _____ with that. Instead, it lies at the (8) _____ of such issues as the perception of self and
the evolution of language and social behaviour.
Provine realised that you cannot capture (9) _____ laughter in the lab because as soon as you
(10) _____ it under scrutiny, it vanishes. So, instead, he gathered data (11) _____ hanging
around groups of people, noting when they laughed.
He collected 1,200 laugh episodes – and episode being (12) _____ as the comment immediately
preceding the laughter and the laughter itself. His analysis of this data (13) _____ some
important facts about laughter. “It’s a message we send to other people – it (14) _____
disappears when we’re by ourselves,” he says. “And it’s not a choice. Ask someone to laugh
and they’ll either try to (15) _____ a laugh or say they can’t do it on command.”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A. struggle
A. way
A. make
A. reason
A. results
B. combat
B. answer
B. get
B. purpose
B. leads
C. threaten
C. end
C. walk
C. idea
C. prompts
D. contest
D. response
D. take
D. meaning
D. concludes
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A. However
B. Therefore
C. As
D. But
7. A. go
B. bring
C. do
D. set
8. A. root
B. stem
C. head
D. back
9. A. complete
B. authentic
C. contemporary D. current
10.
A. place
B. lay
C. stand
D. keep
11.
A. in
B. for
C. down
D. by
12.
A. defended
B. decided
C. defined
D. depicted
13.
A. revealed
B. investigated
C. displayed
D. declared
14.
A. absolutely
B. constantly
C. undoubtedly
D. virtually
15.
A. offer
B. pretend
C. fake
D. imagine
V. Fill each blank with ONE suitable word. Write your answers in the numbered blanks
provided below the passage. (15p.)
6.
Among all the abilities with (1) _____ an individual may be endowed, musical talent appears
(2) _____ in life. Very young children can exhibit musical precocity (3) _____ different reasons.
Some develop exceptional (4) _____ as a result of a well-designed instructional regime, such as
the Suzuki method for the violin. Some have the good fortune to be born into a musical (5)
_____ in a household filled with music. In a number of interesting cases, musical talent is part
of an otherwise disabling condition such as autism or mental retardation. A musically gifted
child has an inborn talent; (6) _____, the extent to which the talent is expressed (7) _____ will
depend upon the environment in which the child lives.
Musically gifted children master (8) _____ an early age the principal elements of music,
including pitch and rhythm. Pitch – or melody – is more central in certain cultures, for example,
in Eastern societies that make use of tiny quarter – tone intervals. Rhythm, sounds produced at
certain auditory frequencies and grouped according to a prescribed (9) _____, is emphasized in
sub-Saharan Africa, (10) _____ the rhythmic ratios can be very complex.
VI. In this part of the test, you are going to read a short text, then answer the questions
following each text by choosing the best answer to each question A,B,C or D. (15p.)
Those brilliant autumn leaves
As trees across the northern areas of the globe turn gold and crimson, scientists are debating
exactly what these colors are for. The scientists do agree on one thing: the colours are for
something. That represents a major shift in thinking. For decades, textbooks claimed that
autumn colours were just a by-product of dying leaves. ‘I had always assumed that autumn
leaves were waste baskets,’ said Dr. David Wilkinson, an evolutionary ecologist at Liverpool
John Moores University in England. ‘That's what I was told as a student.’
During spring and summer, leaves get their green cast from chlorophyll, the pigment that plays
a major role in capturing sunlight. But the leaves also contain other pigments whose colours are
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masked during the growing season. In autumn, trees break down their chlorophyll and draw
some of the components back into their tissues. Conventional wisdom regards autumn colours
as the product of the remaining pigments, which are finally unmasked.
Evolutionary biologists and plant physiologists offer two different explanations for why natural
selection has made autumn colours so widespread. Dr. William Hamilton, an evolutionary
biologist at Oxford University, proposed that bright autumn leaves contain a message: they
warn insects to leave them alone. Dr. Hamilton's 'leaf signal' hypothesis grew out of earlier
work he had done on the extravagant plumage of birds. He proposed it served as an
advertisement from males to females, indicating they had desirable genes. As females evolved a
preference for those displays, males evolved more extravagant feathers as they competed for
mates. In the case of trees, Dr. Hamilton proposed that the visual message was sent to insects. In
the autumn, aphids and other insects choose trees where they will lay their eggs. When the eggs
hatch the next spring, the larvae feed on the tree, often with devastating results. A tree can ward
off these pests with poisons. Dr. Hamilton speculated that trees with strong defences might be
able to protect themselves even further by letting egg-laying insects know what was in store for
their eggs. By producing brilliant autumn colours, the trees advertised their lethality. As insects
evolved to avoid the brightest leaves, natural selection favoured trees that could become even
brighter.
‘It was a beautiful idea,’ said Marco Archetti, a former student of Dr. Hamilton who is now at
the University of Fribourg in Switzerland. Dr. Hamilton had Mr. Archetti turn the hypothesis
into a mathematical model. The model showed that warning signals could indeed drive the
evolution of bright leaves - at least in theory. Another student, Sam Brown, tested the leaf-signal
hypothesis against real data about trees and insects. ‘It was a first stab to see what was out
there,’ said Dr. Brown, now an evolutionary biologist at the University of Texas.
The leaf-signal hypothesis has also drawn criticism, most recently from Dr. Wilkinson and Dr.
H. Martin Schaefer, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Freiburg in Germany. Dr.
Wilkinson and other critics point to a number of details about aphids and trees that do not fit Dr.
Hamilton's hypothesis. Dr. William Hoch, a plant physiologist at the University of Wisconsin,
argues that bright leaves appear on trees that have no insects to warn off. ‘If you are up here in
the north of Wisconsin, by the time the leaves change, all the insects that feed on foliage are
gone,’ Dr. Hoch said. In their article, Dr. Schaefer and Dr. Wilkinson argue that a much more
plausible explanation for autumn colours can be found in the research of Dr. Hoch and other
plant physiologists. Their recent work suggests that autumn colours serve mainly as a
sunscreen.
Dr. Hamilton's former students argue that the leaf-signal hypothesis is still worth investigating.
Dr. Brown believes that leaves might be able to protect themselves both from sunlight and from
insects. Dr. Brown and Dr. Archetti also argue that supporters of the sunscreen hypothesis have
yet to explain why some trees have bright colours and some do not. 'This is a basic question in
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evolution that they seem to ignore,’ Dr. Archetti said. ‘I don't think it's a huge concern,’ Dr.
Hoch replied. ‘There's natural variation for every characteristic.’
Dr. Hamilton's students and their critics agree that the debate has been useful, because it has
given them a deeper reverence for this time of year. 'People sometimes say that science makes
the world less interesting and awesome by just explaining things away,' Dr. Wilkinson said. 'But
with autumn leaves, the more you know about them, the more amazed you are.'
1.
What is stated about the colours of autumn leaves in the first two paragraphs?
A. There has previously been no disagreement about what causes them.
B. The process that results in them has never been fully understood.
C. Different colours from those that were previously the norm have started to appear.
D. Debate about the purpose of them has gone on for a long time.
2.
The writer says that Dr Hamilton's work has focused on
A. the different purposes of different colours.
B. the use of colour for opposite purposes.
C. the possibility that birds and insects have influenced each other's behaviour.
D. the increased survival rates of certain kinds of tree.
3.
Dr Hamilton has suggested that there is a connection between
A. the colours of autumn leaves and the behaviour of insects.
B. the development of brighter leaves and the reduced numbers of certain types of insect.
C. the survival of trees and the proximity of insects to them.
D. the brightness of leaves and the development of other defence mechanisms in trees.
4.
The phrase ‘ward off’ in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
A. comply
B. occupy
C. avoid
D. illuminate
5.
What is said about the work done by former students of Dr Hamilton?
A. Neither of them was able to achieve what they set out to do.
B. Mr Archetti felt some regret about the outcome of the work he did.
C. Both of them initiated the idea of doing the work.
D. Dr Brown did not expect to draw any firm conclusions from his work.
6.
Critics of Dr Hamilton's theory have expressed the view that
A. it is impossible to generalize about the purpose of the colours of autumn leaves.
B. his theory is based on a misunderstanding about insect behaviour.
C. the colours of autumn leaves have a different protective function.
D. his theory can only be applied to certain kinds of insect.
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7.
The word ‘serve’ in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to
A. investigate
B. ignore
C. refrain
D. perform
8.
In the debate between the two groups of people investigating the subject, it has been
suggested that
A. something regarded as a key point by one side is in fact not important.
B. further research will prove that Dr Hamilton's theory is the correct one.
C. both sides may in fact be completely wrong.
D. the two sides should collaborate.
9.
The word ‘awesome’ in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to
A. trivial
B. average
C. wondrous
D. autumnal
All the people involved in research on the subject of autumn leaves feel that
A. it highlights the mystery of the natural world.
B. it is one of the most complex areas they have ever investigated.
C. it concerns a phenomenon that ordinary people would like an explanation for.
D. it shows how interesting an area previously thought to be dull can be.
VII. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the
sentence printed before it. (7.5p.)
10.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Trudy was quite relieved when she found out the truth.
It was something............................................................................................................
I know this reporter’s background well and he’s 100% honest.
This reporter, .................................................................................................................
I’m afraid that I think he shouldn’t marry her.
I can’t..............................................................................................................................
Although the papers claim that they are going to get divorced, they are not.
Contrary .........................................................................................................................
I have been told that you have been late for work every day this week.
It has been brought ........................................................................................................
VIII. Rewrite the sentences below in such a way that their meanings stay the same. You
must use the words in capital without changing their forms. (7.5 pts)
1.
2.
What the lecturer said was not very clear at times.
(LACK)
There .................................................................................... in what the lecturer said at
times.
The careful preparation for the event ensured it was a memorable day for everyone who
attended.
(WHICH)
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3.
4.
5.
The care ................................................... event ensured it was a memorable day for
everyone.
His fake arrogance only hid his genuine insecurity.
(LAY)
Behind .............................................................................................................. insecurity.
The sales director told his staff nothing about the new marketing post.
(DARK)
The sales director .................................................................... about the new marketing
post.
Is it possible to walk from the hotel to the city center?
(WITHIN)
Is the city center............................................................................................................?
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