SILVER/SILVER CHLORIDE
REFERENCE ELECTRODES
FOR CATHODIC PROTECTION
Silvion Ltd
The Brambles, Grantham Road,
Old Somerby, Grantham, Lincolnshire NG33 4AB
Telephone: 01476 590932
Email: sales@silvion.co.uk
www.silvion.co.uk
Realise Your True Potentials
SILVION REFERENCE ELECTRODES
Over 25 Years of Service to the Corrosion Prevention Industry
Silvion Ltd, established in 1984 by Electrochemist/Corrosion
Scientist Dr Pathmanaban, is the UK’s leading designer,
manufacturer and supplier of silver/silver chloride reference
electrodes for use in the cathodic protection (CP) industry.
Renowned worldwide in the corrosion prevention industry,
Silvion take pride in offering our clients top quality products that
include the latest advances in reference electrode technology. Our
products, have proven reliability and have been used extensively
in CP systems for the onshore/offshore oil & gas, petrochemical,
power and water industries and in marine and concrete structures.
Silvion reference electrodes are manufactured using an advanced
technique that results in a porous silver matrix being formed
around a silver wire skeleton. This porous matrix increases the
active area of the monitoring surface a hundredfold and also enables the deposition of a
larger quantity of silver chloride on the element, which is precisely controlled by electrolytic
coating to provide :
n
n
n
n
High reliability
High stability
Greater accuracy
Increased life performance.
Silvion have a highly qualified and experienced team of professionals that enables us to
provide practical and economical solutions to meet or exceed our clients’ requirements.
Silvion’s range of products include Ag/AgCl reference electrodes for:
n Concrete applications
Cooling water towers, seawater intakes, foundations, bridges, car parks, historic buildings
n
Seawater applications
Jetties, wharves, harbours, offshore platforms, vessels, FPSOs
n
Soil applications
Pipelines, buried tanks, under tank bottoms
n
Potable water applications
Water storage tanks
n
Specialist applications
Power plant, geophysical surveys, offshore surveys
QUALITY CONTROL/ASSURANCE
Silvion Ltd is committed to quality and our policy is to achieve sustained, profitable growth
by providing services that consistently meet or exceed the needs and expectations of our
customers.
This level of quality is achieved through adoption of a system of procedures that reflect the
competence of the company to existing customers, potential customers, and independent
auditing authorities.
All our electrodes are fully tested, calibrated and supplied complete with a calibration
certificate. They are individually identified with a unique number to ensure full traceability.
PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS
Silvion Ltd are proud to be sustaining and active members of the following prestigious
organisations:
Established in 1943 by eleven corrosion engineers in the pipeline
industry, NACE International has more than 60 years of experience
in developing corrosion prevention and control standards. With
over 25,000 members in over 100 countries NACE International has
become the largest organisation in the world committed to the
study of corrosion.
Silvion Ltd are pleased to be a Nickel Corporate Member.
cpa
The Corrosion Prevention Association represents consultants,
contractors and manufacturers working in the field of corrosion
prevention for concrete and masonry encased steel. The CPA
acts as the leading authority and source of information on the
subject of cathodic protection and other corrosion techniques
and encourages research to ensure better understanding of the
preservation of reinforced concrete structures and masonry clad
steel framed buildings.
The aim of ICorr is to establish and promote sound corrosion
education, knowledge and management practice.
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Steel structures
Concrete structures
Marine structures
Track Record
Over the past 25 years Silvion have supplied many thousands of various Ag/AgCl reference
electrodes to numerous prestigious projects worldwide.
E&OE. The information provided in this document was accurate at the time of publication. Photographs in
this publication are for indicative purposes only.
2
11
REFERENCE ELECTRODES FOR USE IN POTABLE WATER
WE300 Ag/AgCl 0.05M KCl “Low Ion” Reference Electrode
Type WE300 Potable Water Electrodes have been specifically designed to include a low
ion electrolyte around the Ag/AgCl element and are used to monitor potential levels or to
control the DC power supply output for cathodic protection systems installed inside fresh
water tanks.
OUTER CASING
MATERIAL:
LENGTH:
DIAMETER:
CERAMIC DISC DIAMETER:
SILVER CHLORIDE ELEMENT
LENGTH:
WIDTH x DEPTH:
GEOMETRIC SURFACE AREA:
REAL SURFACE AREA:
MATERIALS:
ELECTROLYTE:
ACETAL
210mm
32mm
20mm
50mm (+/- 2mm)
5 x 5mm
10cm2
500cm2
SILVER COMPOUNDS ARE 99.90% PURE
INERT ELECTROLYTE WITH 0.05 MOLAR KCl
PERFORMANCE DATA
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (< 1 MIN):
20mA
STABILITY (POTENTIAL DRIFT AT CONSTANT TEMP AND ENVIRONMENT): +/-10mV (24Hrs) @ 5 micro Amp load
ACCURACY ( Vs SCE IN 0.3% NaCl @ 200C)
-50mV +/-15mV
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT:
-0.65mV/Deg C
USEFUL LIFE IN FRESH WATER:
30 YEARS (THEORETICAL) @ 0.1μA load
TEMPERATURE RANGE:
-5 to +700C
REFERENCE ELECTRODES FOR USE IN CONCRETE
Embeddable reference electrodes are vital elements of any CP system for the protection of
steel re-bar in concrete. By measuring the potential of the steel with respect to the Ag/AgCl
electrode the corrosion state and the effectiveness of the protection system can be judged.
Silvion have realised a 25 year track record for electrodes used in the CP of concrete, as we
supplied our first electrodes for embedding in concrete during 1986.
Since this time we have supplied many thousands of our electrodes for concrete CP
projects worldwide. We ensure that the predetermined chloride ion concentration around
the element in our embeddable electrodes is maintained by using an inert electrolyte fully
compatible with the Ag/AgCl element. Ionic continuity to the environment is via a microporous sintered disc.
Typical Applications:
Bridges, seawater intakes, marine structures, buildings, cooling water towers etc.
WE10 Ag/AgCl 0.5M KCl Embeddable Reference Electrode
OUTER CASING
MATERIAL:
LENGTH:
DIAMETER:
SINTERED DISC DIAMETER:
SILVER CHLORIDE ELEMENT
LENGTH:
DIAMETER:
GEOMETRIC SURFACE AREA:
REAL SURFACE AREA:
MATERIALS:
ELECTROLYTE:
SPECIALIST REFERENCE ELECTRODES
Since 1984 Silvion have been designing and manufacturing specialist
silver/silver chloride reference electodes for a range of different applications
some of which are detailed below:
n
n
n
n
10
ACETAL
60mm
18mm
15mm
15mm (+/- 2mm)
6mm
3cm2
100cm2
SILVER COMPOUNDS ARE 99.90% PURE
INERT ELECTROLYTE WITH 0.5 MOLAR KCl
PERFORMANCE DATA
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (< 1 MIN):
2mA
STABILITY (POTENTIAL DRIFT AT CONSTANT TEMP AND ENVIRONMENT):
+/-5mV (24hrs) @ 5 micro Amp load
ACCURACY ( Vs SCE IN 3% NaCl @ 200C)
-5mV +/-5mV
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT:
-0.65mV/Deg C
LIFE IN CONCRETE:
20 YEARS (THEORETICAL) @ 0.1μA load
TEMPERATURE RANGE:
-5 to +700C
Specially designed electrodes for use with underwater corrosion monitoring equipment.
Specially designed electrodes for marine vessels.
Specially designed electrodes for cooling
water process plant.
Specially designed electrodes with combined
coupon
3
REFERENCE ELECTRODES FOR USE IN CONCRETE
WE50 Ag/AgCl 0.5M KCl Embeddable Reference Electrode
OUTER CASING
MATERIAL:
LENGTH:
DIAMETER:
SINTERED DISC DIAMETER:
SILVER CHLORIDE ELEMENT
LENGTH:
DIAMETER:
GEOMETRIC SURFACE AREA:
REAL SURFACE AREA:
MATERIALS:
ELECTROLYTE:
Type WE200 permanent reference electrodes have been specifically designed for direct
burial in soil and can be installed along pipeline routes at key monitoring points eg: test
stations, drain point, cased crossings, isolation joints, HVAC parallelisms etc. They are also
suitable for installation below tank bottoms to measure cathodic protection potential
levels.
20mm (+/- 2mm)
6mm
4cm2
200cm2
SILVER COMPOUNDS ARE 99.90% PURE
Typical Applications:
Underground pipelines, underground in-plant pipework, underground tanks, mounded
tanks, above ground storage tank bottoms.
INERT ELECTROLYTE WITH 0.5 MOLAR KCl
WE100 Ag/AgCl 0.5M KCl Embeddable Reference Electrode
SILVER CHLORIDE ELEMENT
LENGTH:
WIDTH x DEPTH:
GEOMETRIC SURFACE AREA:
REAL SURFACE AREA:
MATERIALS:
ELECTROLYTE:
To ensure that satisfactory levels of cathodic protection are being achieved on buried
structures and above ground storage tank bottoms, reference electrodes are permanently
installed to measure structure/electrolyte potentials. They can also be used as a sensing
electrode to control the DC power supply output to the CP systems.
ACETAL
80mm
20mm
15mm
PERFORMANCE DATA
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (< 1 MIN):
2mA
STABILITY (POTENTIAL DRIFT AT CONSTANT TEMP AND ENVIRONMENT):
+/-5mV (24hrs) @ 5 micro Amp load
ACCURACY ( Vs SCE IN 3% NaCl @ 200C)
-5mV +/-5mV
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT:
-0.65mV/Deg C
LIFE IN CONCRETE:
25 YEARS (THEORETICAL) @ 0.1μA load
TEMPERATURE RANGE:
-5 to +700C
OUTER CASING
MATERIAL:
LENGTH:
DIAMETER:
SINTERED DISC DIAMETER:
REFERENCE ELECTRODES FOR USE IN SOIL
WE200 Ag/AgCl 0.5M KCl Reference Electrode
OUTER CASING
MATERIAL:
LENGTH:
DIAMETER:
CERAMIC TUBE DIAMETER/LENGTH:
SILVER CHLORIDE ELEMENT
LENGTH:
WIDTH x DEPTH
GEOMETRIC SURFACE AREA:
REAL SURFACE AREA:
MATERIALS:
ELECTROLYTE:
ACETAL
110mm
22mm
20mm
50mm (+/- 2mm)
5 x 5mm
10cm2
500cm2
SILVER COMPOUNDS ARE 99.90% PURE
ACETAL
210mm
32mm
25mm/50mm
50mm (+/- 2mm)
5 x 5mm
10cm2
500cm2
SILVER COMPOUNDS ARE 99.90% PURE
INERT ELECTROLYTE WITH 0.5 MOLAR KCl
PERFORMANCE DATA
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (< 1 MIN):
20mA
STABILITY (POTENTIAL DRIFT AT CONSTANT TEMP AND ENVIRONMENT):
+/-1mV (24hrs) @ 5 micro Amp load
ACCURACY ( Vs SCE IN 3% NaCl @ 200C)
-5mV +/-5mV
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT:
-0.65mV/Deg C
USEFUL LIFE IN SOIL:
30 YEARS (THEORETICAL) @ 0.1μA load
TEMPERATURE RANGE:
-5 to +700C
INERT ELECTROLYTE WITH 0.5 MOLAR KCl
PERFORMANCE DATA
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (< 1 MIN):
20mA
STABILITY (POTENTIAL DRIFT AT CONSTANT TEMP AND ENVIRONMENT):
+/-1mV (24hrs) @ 5 micro Amp load
ACCURACY ( Vs SCE IN 3% NaCl @ 200C)
-5mV +/-5mV
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT:
-0.65mV/Deg C
LIFE IN CONCRETE:
30 YEARS (THEORETICAL) @ 0.1μA load
TEMPERATURE RANGE:
-5 to +700C
4
9
REFERENCE ELECTRODES FOR USE IN SEAWATER
CCS1-PORT Ag/AgCl Portable Seawater Reference Electrode
WE100M Ag/AgCl 0.5M KCl Embeddable Reference Electrode
The WE100M is identical to the WE100 except that the unique design allows our clients to
connect their own cable tail up to 1 x 6mm2 double insulated cable.
OUTER CASING
MATERIAL:
LENGTH:
DIAMETER:
ACETAL
110mm
22mm
OUTER CASING
MATERIAL:
LENGTH:
DIAMETER:
SINTERED DISC DIAMETER:
SILVER CHLORIDE ELEMENT
LENGTH:
WIDTH x DEPTH:
GEOMETRIC SURFACE AREA:
REAL SURFACE AREA:
MATERIALS:
REFERENCE ELECTRODES FOR USE IN CONCRETE
50mm (+/- 2mm)
5 x 5mm
10cm2
500cm2
SILVER COMPOUNDS ARE 99.90% PURE
PERFORMANCE DATA
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (< 1 MIN):
STABILITY (POTENTIAL DRIFT AT CONSTANT TEMP AND ENVIRONMENT):
ACCURACY ( Vs SCE IN 3% NaCl @ 200C)
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT:
DESIGN LIFE:
TEMPERATURE RANGE:
SILVER CHLORIDE ELEMENT
LENGTH:
WIDTH x DEPTH:
GEOMETRIC SURFACE AREA:
REAL SURFACE AREA:
MATERIALS:
ELECTROLYTE:
20mA
+/-1mV (24hrs) @ 5 micro Amp load
-5mV +/-5mV
-0.65mV/Deg C
15 YEARS
-5 to +700C
ACETAL
110mm
22mm
20mm
50mm (+/- 2mm)
5 x 5mm
10cm2
500cm2
SILVER COMPOUNDS ARE 99.90% PURE
INERT ELECTROLYTE WITH 0.5 MOLAR KCl
PERFORMANCE DATA
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (< 1 MIN):
20mA
STABILITY (POTENTIAL DRIFT AT CONSTANT TEMP AND ENVIRONMENT):
+/-1mV (24hrs) @ 5 micro Amp load
ACCURACY ( Vs SCE IN 3% NaCl @ 200C)
-5mV +/-5mV
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT:
-0.65mV/Deg C
LIFE IN CONCRETE:
30 YEARS (THEORETICAL) @ 0.1μA load
TEMPERATURE RANGE:
-5 to +700C
CCS1-PERM Ag/AgCl Permanent Seawater Reference Electrode
OUTER CASING
MATERIAL:
LENGTH:
DIAMETER:
ACETAL
110mm
22mm
SILVER CHLORIDE ELEMENT
LENGTH:
WIDTH x DEPTH:
GEOMETRIC SURFACE AREA:
REAL SURFACE AREA:
MATERIALS:
50mm (+/- 2mm)
5 x 5mm
10cm2
500cm2
SILVER COMPOUNDS ARE 99.90% PURE
Typical UPVC Housing
PERFORMANCE DATA
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (< 1 MIN):
20mA
STABILITY (POTENTIAL DRIFT AT CONSTANT TEMP AND ENVIRONMENT):
+/-1mV (24hrs) @ 5 micro Amp load
ACCURACY ( Vs SCE IN 3% NaCl @ 200C)
-5mV +/-5mV
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT:
-0.65mV/Deg C
USEFUL LIFE IN SEAWATER:
30 YEARS (THEORETICAL) @ 0.1μA load
TEMPERATURE RANGE:
-5 to +700C
8
5
REFERENCE ELECTRODES FOR USE IN CONCRETE
ME100 Ag/AgCl 0.5M KCl Portable Mapping Reference Electrode
Existing concrete structures that require potential assessment surveys to be carried out
usually have representative areas surveyed using an Ag/AgCl mapping electrode to check
the reinforcement steel for corrosion activity.
Type ME100 mapping electrodes are designed for use with a high input impedance
(10MOhm) voltmeter to measure direct potentials on the concrete surface. The electrodes
have an integral sponge for intimate contact with the concrete. The electrodes are also
supplied complete with a solid cap that should be fitted to protect the ceramic contact
disc when the electrode is not in use.
OUTER CASING
MATERIAL:
LENGTH:
DIAMETER:
SINTERED DISC DIAMETER:
SILVER CHLORIDE ELEMENT
LENGTH:
WIDTH x DEPTH:
GEOMETRIC SURFACE AREA:
REAL SURFACE AREA:
MATERIALS:
ELECTROLYTE:
ACETAL
150mm
32mm
20mm
Cathodic protection systems installed on steel structures in seawater need to be monitored
and it is usual to use a portable Ag/AgCl reference electrode to measure the steel to
electrolyte potential to determine the level of corrosion protection being afforded to
the structure. Portable Ag/AgCl reference electrodes are also used to measure structure/
electrolyte potentials on steel structures in seawater to which cathodic protection has not
been applied to determine if the structure is freely corroding or not as the case may be.
The Ag/AgCl element in these Reference Electrodes is directly exposed to the electrolyte,
seawater; hence these reference electrodes are not suitable for use in any other medium.
The SW100 electrode casing is weighted to give the electrode negative buoyancy and to
ensure minimum disturbance from tidal movement.
Type CCS1-PORT electrode is a smaller version of the SW100. However, it is not weighted.
Type CCS1-PERM electrode is identical to the CSS1-PORT and therefore needs to be
assembled inside a protective housing for permanent installation (see typical UPVC
housing, page 8).
Typical Applications:
Jetties, wharves, offshore structures, seawater intakes etc.
50mm (+/- 2mm)
5 x 5mm
10cm2
500cm2
SILVER COMPOUNDS ARE 99.90% PURE
SW100 Ag/AgCl Portable Seawater Reference Electrode
INERT SOLID ELECTROLYTE WITH 0.5 MOLAR KCl
PERFORMANCE DATA
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (< 1 MIN):
STABILITY (POTENTIAL DRIFT AT CONSTANT TEMP AND ENVIRONMENT):
ACCURACY ( Vs SCE IN 3% NaCl @ 200C)
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT:
DESIGN LIFE:
TEMPERATURE RANGE:
REFERENCE ELECTRODES FOR USE IN SEAWATER
OUTER CASING
20mA
+/-1mV (24hrs) @ 5 micro Amp load
-5mV +/-5mV
-0.65mV/Deg C
3 YEARS
-5 to +700C
MATERIAL:
LENGTH:
DIAMETER:
SILVER CHLORIDE ELEMENT
LENGTH:
WIDTH x DEPTH:
GEOMETRIC SURFACE AREA:
REAL SURFACE AREA:
MATERIALS:
PERFORMANCE DATA
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (< 1 MIN):
STABILITY (POTENTIAL DRIFT AT CONSTANT TEMP AND ENVIRONMENT):
ACCURACY ( Vs SCE IN 3% NaCl @ 200C)
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT:
DESIGN LIFE:
TEMPERATURE RANGE:
6
ACETAL
250mm
32mm
50mm (+/- 2mm)
5 x 5mm
10cm2
500cm2
SILVER COMPOUNDS ARE 99.90% PURE
20mA
+/-1mV (24hrs) @ 5 micro Amp load
-5mV +/-5mV
-0.65mV/Deg C
15 YEARS
-5 to +700C
7
REFERENCE ELECTRODES FOR USE IN CONCRETE
ME100 Ag/AgCl 0.5M KCl Portable Mapping Reference Electrode
Existing concrete structures that require potential assessment surveys to be carried out
usually have representative areas surveyed using an Ag/AgCl mapping electrode to check
the reinforcement steel for corrosion activity.
Type ME100 mapping electrodes are designed for use with a high input impedance
(10MOhm) voltmeter to measure direct potentials on the concrete surface. The electrodes
have an integral sponge for intimate contact with the concrete. The electrodes are also
supplied complete with a solid cap that should be fitted to protect the ceramic contact
disc when the electrode is not in use.
OUTER CASING
MATERIAL:
LENGTH:
DIAMETER:
SINTERED DISC DIAMETER:
SILVER CHLORIDE ELEMENT
LENGTH:
WIDTH x DEPTH:
GEOMETRIC SURFACE AREA:
REAL SURFACE AREA:
MATERIALS:
ELECTROLYTE:
ACETAL
150mm
32mm
20mm
Cathodic protection systems installed on steel structures in seawater need to be monitored
and it is usual to use a portable Ag/AgCl reference electrode to measure the steel to
electrolyte potential to determine the level of corrosion protection being afforded to
the structure. Portable Ag/AgCl reference electrodes are also used to measure structure/
electrolyte potentials on steel structures in seawater to which cathodic protection has not
been applied to determine if the structure is freely corroding or not as the case may be.
The Ag/AgCl element in these Reference Electrodes is directly exposed to the electrolyte,
seawater; hence these reference electrodes are not suitable for use in any other medium.
The SW100 electrode casing is weighted to give the electrode negative buoyancy and to
ensure minimum disturbance from tidal movement.
Type CCS1-PORT electrode is a smaller version of the SW100. However, it is not weighted.
Type CCS1-PERM electrode is identical to the CSS1-PORT and therefore needs to be
assembled inside a protective housing for permanent installation (see typical UPVC
housing, page 8).
Typical Applications:
Jetties, wharves, offshore structures, seawater intakes etc.
50mm (+/- 2mm)
5 x 5mm
10cm2
500cm2
SILVER COMPOUNDS ARE 99.90% PURE
SW100 Ag/AgCl Portable Seawater Reference Electrode
INERT SOLID ELECTROLYTE WITH 0.5 MOLAR KCl
PERFORMANCE DATA
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (< 1 MIN):
STABILITY (POTENTIAL DRIFT AT CONSTANT TEMP AND ENVIRONMENT):
ACCURACY ( Vs SCE IN 3% NaCl @ 200C)
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT:
DESIGN LIFE:
TEMPERATURE RANGE:
REFERENCE ELECTRODES FOR USE IN SEAWATER
OUTER CASING
20mA
+/-1mV (24hrs) @ 5 micro Amp load
-5mV +/-5mV
-0.65mV/Deg C
3 YEARS
-5 to +700C
MATERIAL:
LENGTH:
DIAMETER:
SILVER CHLORIDE ELEMENT
LENGTH:
WIDTH x DEPTH:
GEOMETRIC SURFACE AREA:
REAL SURFACE AREA:
MATERIALS:
PERFORMANCE DATA
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (< 1 MIN):
STABILITY (POTENTIAL DRIFT AT CONSTANT TEMP AND ENVIRONMENT):
ACCURACY ( Vs SCE IN 3% NaCl @ 200C)
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT:
DESIGN LIFE:
TEMPERATURE RANGE:
6
ACETAL
250mm
32mm
50mm (+/- 2mm)
5 x 5mm
10cm2
500cm2
SILVER COMPOUNDS ARE 99.90% PURE
20mA
+/-1mV (24hrs) @ 5 micro Amp load
-5mV +/-5mV
-0.65mV/Deg C
15 YEARS
-5 to +700C
7
REFERENCE ELECTRODES FOR USE IN SEAWATER
CCS1-PORT Ag/AgCl Portable Seawater Reference Electrode
WE100M Ag/AgCl 0.5M KCl Embeddable Reference Electrode
The WE100M is identical to the WE100 except that the unique design allows our clients to
connect their own cable tail up to 1 x 6mm2 double insulated cable.
OUTER CASING
MATERIAL:
LENGTH:
DIAMETER:
ACETAL
110mm
22mm
OUTER CASING
MATERIAL:
LENGTH:
DIAMETER:
SINTERED DISC DIAMETER:
SILVER CHLORIDE ELEMENT
LENGTH:
WIDTH x DEPTH:
GEOMETRIC SURFACE AREA:
REAL SURFACE AREA:
MATERIALS:
REFERENCE ELECTRODES FOR USE IN CONCRETE
50mm (+/- 2mm)
5 x 5mm
10cm2
500cm2
SILVER COMPOUNDS ARE 99.90% PURE
PERFORMANCE DATA
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (< 1 MIN):
STABILITY (POTENTIAL DRIFT AT CONSTANT TEMP AND ENVIRONMENT):
ACCURACY ( Vs SCE IN 3% NaCl @ 200C)
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT:
DESIGN LIFE:
TEMPERATURE RANGE:
SILVER CHLORIDE ELEMENT
LENGTH:
WIDTH x DEPTH:
GEOMETRIC SURFACE AREA:
REAL SURFACE AREA:
MATERIALS:
ELECTROLYTE:
20mA
+/-1mV (24hrs) @ 5 micro Amp load
-5mV +/-5mV
-0.65mV/Deg C
15 YEARS
-5 to +700C
ACETAL
110mm
22mm
20mm
50mm (+/- 2mm)
5 x 5mm
10cm2
500cm2
SILVER COMPOUNDS ARE 99.90% PURE
INERT ELECTROLYTE WITH 0.5 MOLAR KCl
PERFORMANCE DATA
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (< 1 MIN):
20mA
STABILITY (POTENTIAL DRIFT AT CONSTANT TEMP AND ENVIRONMENT):
+/-1mV (24hrs) @ 5 micro Amp load
ACCURACY ( Vs SCE IN 3% NaCl @ 200C)
-5mV +/-5mV
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT:
-0.65mV/Deg C
LIFE IN CONCRETE:
30 YEARS (THEORETICAL) @ 0.1μA load
TEMPERATURE RANGE:
-5 to +700C
CCS1-PERM Ag/AgCl Permanent Seawater Reference Electrode
OUTER CASING
MATERIAL:
LENGTH:
DIAMETER:
ACETAL
110mm
22mm
SILVER CHLORIDE ELEMENT
LENGTH:
WIDTH x DEPTH:
GEOMETRIC SURFACE AREA:
REAL SURFACE AREA:
MATERIALS:
50mm (+/- 2mm)
5 x 5mm
10cm2
500cm2
SILVER COMPOUNDS ARE 99.90% PURE
Typical UPVC Housing
PERFORMANCE DATA
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (< 1 MIN):
20mA
STABILITY (POTENTIAL DRIFT AT CONSTANT TEMP AND ENVIRONMENT):
+/-1mV (24hrs) @ 5 micro Amp load
ACCURACY ( Vs SCE IN 3% NaCl @ 200C)
-5mV +/-5mV
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT:
-0.65mV/Deg C
USEFUL LIFE IN SEAWATER:
30 YEARS (THEORETICAL) @ 0.1μA load
TEMPERATURE RANGE:
-5 to +700C
8
5
REFERENCE ELECTRODES FOR USE IN CONCRETE
WE50 Ag/AgCl 0.5M KCl Embeddable Reference Electrode
OUTER CASING
MATERIAL:
LENGTH:
DIAMETER:
SINTERED DISC DIAMETER:
SILVER CHLORIDE ELEMENT
LENGTH:
DIAMETER:
GEOMETRIC SURFACE AREA:
REAL SURFACE AREA:
MATERIALS:
ELECTROLYTE:
Type WE200 permanent reference electrodes have been specifically designed for direct
burial in soil and can be installed along pipeline routes at key monitoring points eg: test
stations, drain point, cased crossings, isolation joints, HVAC parallelisms etc. They are also
suitable for installation below tank bottoms to measure cathodic protection potential
levels.
20mm (+/- 2mm)
6mm
4cm2
200cm2
SILVER COMPOUNDS ARE 99.90% PURE
Typical Applications:
Underground pipelines, underground in-plant pipework, underground tanks, mounded
tanks, above ground storage tank bottoms.
INERT ELECTROLYTE WITH 0.5 MOLAR KCl
WE100 Ag/AgCl 0.5M KCl Embeddable Reference Electrode
SILVER CHLORIDE ELEMENT
LENGTH:
WIDTH x DEPTH:
GEOMETRIC SURFACE AREA:
REAL SURFACE AREA:
MATERIALS:
ELECTROLYTE:
To ensure that satisfactory levels of cathodic protection are being achieved on buried
structures and above ground storage tank bottoms, reference electrodes are permanently
installed to measure structure/electrolyte potentials. They can also be used as a sensing
electrode to control the DC power supply output to the CP systems.
ACETAL
80mm
20mm
15mm
PERFORMANCE DATA
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (< 1 MIN):
2mA
STABILITY (POTENTIAL DRIFT AT CONSTANT TEMP AND ENVIRONMENT):
+/-5mV (24hrs) @ 5 micro Amp load
ACCURACY ( Vs SCE IN 3% NaCl @ 200C)
-5mV +/-5mV
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT:
-0.65mV/Deg C
LIFE IN CONCRETE:
25 YEARS (THEORETICAL) @ 0.1μA load
TEMPERATURE RANGE:
-5 to +700C
OUTER CASING
MATERIAL:
LENGTH:
DIAMETER:
SINTERED DISC DIAMETER:
REFERENCE ELECTRODES FOR USE IN SOIL
WE200 Ag/AgCl 0.5M KCl Reference Electrode
OUTER CASING
MATERIAL:
LENGTH:
DIAMETER:
CERAMIC TUBE DIAMETER/LENGTH:
SILVER CHLORIDE ELEMENT
LENGTH:
WIDTH x DEPTH
GEOMETRIC SURFACE AREA:
REAL SURFACE AREA:
MATERIALS:
ELECTROLYTE:
ACETAL
110mm
22mm
20mm
50mm (+/- 2mm)
5 x 5mm
10cm2
500cm2
SILVER COMPOUNDS ARE 99.90% PURE
ACETAL
210mm
32mm
25mm/50mm
50mm (+/- 2mm)
5 x 5mm
10cm2
500cm2
SILVER COMPOUNDS ARE 99.90% PURE
INERT ELECTROLYTE WITH 0.5 MOLAR KCl
PERFORMANCE DATA
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (< 1 MIN):
20mA
STABILITY (POTENTIAL DRIFT AT CONSTANT TEMP AND ENVIRONMENT):
+/-1mV (24hrs) @ 5 micro Amp load
ACCURACY ( Vs SCE IN 3% NaCl @ 200C)
-5mV +/-5mV
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT:
-0.65mV/Deg C
USEFUL LIFE IN SOIL:
30 YEARS (THEORETICAL) @ 0.1μA load
TEMPERATURE RANGE:
-5 to +700C
INERT ELECTROLYTE WITH 0.5 MOLAR KCl
PERFORMANCE DATA
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (< 1 MIN):
20mA
STABILITY (POTENTIAL DRIFT AT CONSTANT TEMP AND ENVIRONMENT):
+/-1mV (24hrs) @ 5 micro Amp load
ACCURACY ( Vs SCE IN 3% NaCl @ 200C)
-5mV +/-5mV
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT:
-0.65mV/Deg C
LIFE IN CONCRETE:
30 YEARS (THEORETICAL) @ 0.1μA load
TEMPERATURE RANGE:
-5 to +700C
4
9
REFERENCE ELECTRODES FOR USE IN POTABLE WATER
WE300 Ag/AgCl 0.05M KCl “Low Ion” Reference Electrode
Type WE300 Potable Water Electrodes have been specifically designed to include a low
ion electrolyte around the Ag/AgCl element and are used to monitor potential levels or to
control the DC power supply output for cathodic protection systems installed inside fresh
water tanks.
OUTER CASING
MATERIAL:
LENGTH:
DIAMETER:
CERAMIC DISC DIAMETER:
SILVER CHLORIDE ELEMENT
LENGTH:
WIDTH x DEPTH:
GEOMETRIC SURFACE AREA:
REAL SURFACE AREA:
MATERIALS:
ELECTROLYTE:
ACETAL
210mm
32mm
20mm
50mm (+/- 2mm)
5 x 5mm
10cm2
500cm2
SILVER COMPOUNDS ARE 99.90% PURE
INERT ELECTROLYTE WITH 0.05 MOLAR KCl
PERFORMANCE DATA
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (< 1 MIN):
20mA
STABILITY (POTENTIAL DRIFT AT CONSTANT TEMP AND ENVIRONMENT): +/-10mV (24Hrs) @ 5 micro Amp load
ACCURACY ( Vs SCE IN 0.3% NaCl @ 200C)
-50mV +/-15mV
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT:
-0.65mV/Deg C
USEFUL LIFE IN FRESH WATER:
30 YEARS (THEORETICAL) @ 0.1μA load
TEMPERATURE RANGE:
-5 to +700C
REFERENCE ELECTRODES FOR USE IN CONCRETE
Embeddable reference electrodes are vital elements of any CP system for the protection of
steel re-bar in concrete. By measuring the potential of the steel with respect to the Ag/AgCl
electrode the corrosion state and the effectiveness of the protection system can be judged.
Silvion have realised a 25 year track record for electrodes used in the CP of concrete, as we
supplied our first electrodes for embedding in concrete during 1986.
Since this time we have supplied many thousands of our electrodes for concrete CP
projects worldwide. We ensure that the predetermined chloride ion concentration around
the element in our embeddable electrodes is maintained by using an inert electrolyte fully
compatible with the Ag/AgCl element. Ionic continuity to the environment is via a microporous sintered disc.
Typical Applications:
Bridges, seawater intakes, marine structures, buildings, cooling water towers etc.
WE10 Ag/AgCl 0.5M KCl Embeddable Reference Electrode
OUTER CASING
MATERIAL:
LENGTH:
DIAMETER:
SINTERED DISC DIAMETER:
SILVER CHLORIDE ELEMENT
LENGTH:
DIAMETER:
GEOMETRIC SURFACE AREA:
REAL SURFACE AREA:
MATERIALS:
ELECTROLYTE:
SPECIALIST REFERENCE ELECTRODES
Since 1984 Silvion have been designing and manufacturing specialist
silver/silver chloride reference electodes for a range of different applications
some of which are detailed below:
n
n
n
n
10
ACETAL
60mm
18mm
15mm
15mm (+/- 2mm)
6mm
3cm2
100cm2
SILVER COMPOUNDS ARE 99.90% PURE
INERT ELECTROLYTE WITH 0.5 MOLAR KCl
PERFORMANCE DATA
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (< 1 MIN):
2mA
STABILITY (POTENTIAL DRIFT AT CONSTANT TEMP AND ENVIRONMENT):
+/-5mV (24hrs) @ 5 micro Amp load
ACCURACY ( Vs SCE IN 3% NaCl @ 200C)
-5mV +/-5mV
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT:
-0.65mV/Deg C
LIFE IN CONCRETE:
20 YEARS (THEORETICAL) @ 0.1μA load
TEMPERATURE RANGE:
-5 to +700C
Specially designed electrodes for use with underwater corrosion monitoring equipment.
Specially designed electrodes for marine vessels.
Specially designed electrodes for cooling
water process plant.
Specially designed electrodes with combined
coupon
3
SILVION REFERENCE ELECTRODES
Over 25 Years of Service to the Corrosion Prevention Industry
Silvion Ltd, established in 1984 by Electrochemist/Corrosion
Scientist Dr Pathmanaban, is the UK’s leading designer,
manufacturer and supplier of silver/silver chloride reference
electrodes for use in the cathodic protection (CP) industry.
Renowned worldwide in the corrosion prevention industry,
Silvion take pride in offering our clients top quality products that
include the latest advances in reference electrode technology. Our
products, have proven reliability and have been used extensively
in CP systems for the onshore/offshore oil & gas, petrochemical,
power and water industries and in marine and concrete structures.
Silvion reference electrodes are manufactured using an advanced
technique that results in a porous silver matrix being formed
around a silver wire skeleton. This porous matrix increases the
active area of the monitoring surface a hundredfold and also enables the deposition of a
larger quantity of silver chloride on the element, which is precisely controlled by electrolytic
coating to provide :
n
n
n
n
High reliability
High stability
Greater accuracy
Increased life performance.
Silvion have a highly qualified and experienced team of professionals that enables us to
provide practical and economical solutions to meet or exceed our clients’ requirements.
Silvion’s range of products include Ag/AgCl reference electrodes for:
n Concrete applications
Cooling water towers, seawater intakes, foundations, bridges, car parks, historic buildings
n
Seawater applications
Jetties, wharves, harbours, offshore platforms, vessels, FPSOs
n
Soil applications
Pipelines, buried tanks, under tank bottoms
n
Potable water applications
Water storage tanks
n
Specialist applications
Power plant, geophysical surveys, offshore surveys
QUALITY CONTROL/ASSURANCE
Silvion Ltd is committed to quality and our policy is to achieve sustained, profitable growth
by providing services that consistently meet or exceed the needs and expectations of our
customers.
This level of quality is achieved through adoption of a system of procedures that reflect the
competence of the company to existing customers, potential customers, and independent
auditing authorities.
All our electrodes are fully tested, calibrated and supplied complete with a calibration
certificate. They are individually identified with a unique number to ensure full traceability.
PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS
Silvion Ltd are proud to be sustaining and active members of the following prestigious
organisations:
Established in 1943 by eleven corrosion engineers in the pipeline
industry, NACE International has more than 60 years of experience
in developing corrosion prevention and control standards. With
over 25,000 members in over 100 countries NACE International has
become the largest organisation in the world committed to the
study of corrosion.
Silvion Ltd are pleased to be a Nickel Corporate Member.
cpa
The Corrosion Prevention Association represents consultants,
contractors and manufacturers working in the field of corrosion
prevention for concrete and masonry encased steel. The CPA
acts as the leading authority and source of information on the
subject of cathodic protection and other corrosion techniques
and encourages research to ensure better understanding of the
preservation of reinforced concrete structures and masonry clad
steel framed buildings.
The aim of ICorr is to establish and promote sound corrosion
education, knowledge and management practice.
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Steel structures
Concrete structures
Marine structures
Track Record
Over the past 25 years Silvion have supplied many thousands of various Ag/AgCl reference
electrodes to numerous prestigious projects worldwide.
E&OE. The information provided in this document was accurate at the time of publication. Photographs in
this publication are for indicative purposes only.
2
11
SILVER/SILVER CHLORIDE
REFERENCE ELECTRODES
FOR CATHODIC PROTECTION
Silvion Ltd
The Brambles, Grantham Road,
Old Somerby, Grantham, Lincolnshire NG33 4AB
Telephone: 01476 590932
Email: sales@silvion.co.uk
www.silvion.co.uk
Realise Your True Potentials