COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 2: FINALS
NRG 302
CHN LECTURE
COPAR, HERBAL MEDS, EPIDEMIOLOGY
Table of Contents
I. Herbal Medicines
II. Vaccines
❖ Headache – Crush leaves may be applied
on the forehead
❖ Rheumatism, sprain, contusions, insect
bites – Pound the leaves and apply on
affected area
III. Epidemiology
IV. COPAR
I.
Herbal Medicines
ACRONYM: LUBBY SANTA
These are the list of the ten (10) medicinal
plants that the Philippine Department of Health
(DOH) through its “Traditional Health Program'' has
endorsed. All ten (10) herbs have been thoroughly
tested and have been clinically proven to have
medicinal value in the relief and treatment of
various ailments:
Herbal Med: LAGUNDI
Scientific Name: VITEX NEGUNDO
Uses:
❖ Asthma, Cough & Fever – Decoction ( Boil
raw fruits or leaves in 2 glasses of water for
15 minutes)
❖ Dysentery, Colds & Pain – Decoction ( Boil
a handful of leaves & flowers in water to
produce a glass, three times a day)
❖ Skin diseases (dermatitis, scabies, ulcer,
eczema) -Wash & clean the skin/wound with
the decoction
Herbal Med: ULASIMANG BATO
Scientific Name: PEPEROMIA PELLUCIDA
Uses:
❖ Lowers uric acid (rheumatism and gout):
One and a half cup leaves are boiled in two
glasses of water over low fire. Do not cover
the pot. Divide into 3 parts and drink one
part 3 times a day.
Herbal Med: BAWANG
Scientific Name: ALLIUM SATIVUM
Uses:
❖ Lowers cholesterols levels in the blood
Prepared by: Jubaira Aiko L. Biñas
BSN 3 - 13G
❖ Hypertension: Maybe fried, roasted, soaked
in vinegar for 30 minutes, or blanched in
boiled water for 15 minutes. Take 2 pieces 3
times a day after meals.
❖ Toothache: Pound a small piece and apply
to affected area
Herbal Med: BAYABAS
Scientific Name: PSIDIUM GUAJAVA
Uses:
❖ For washing wounds twice a day
❖ Diarrhea - May be taken 3-4 times a day
❖ As gargle and for toothache – Warm
decoction is used for gargle. Freshly
pounded leaves are used for toothache. Boil
chopped leaves for 15 minutes at low fire.
Do not cover and then let it cool and strain.
Herbal Med: YERBA (HIERBA) BUENA
Scientific
Name:
MENTHA
CORDIFOLIA;
CLINOPODIUM DOUGLASSI
Uses:
❖ For
pain,
headache,
stomachache,
toothache
❖ Rheumatism, arthritis, coughs, colds,
swollen gums, menstrual, gas pain, nausea,
fainting, insect bites, pruritus
❖ Pain (headache, stomachache) – Boil
chopped leaves in 2 glasses of water for 15
minutes. Divide decoction into 2 parts, drink
one part every 3 hours.
❖ Rheumatism, arthritis and headache –
Crush the fresh leaves and squeeze sap.
Massage sap on painful parts with
eucalyptus
❖ Cough & Cold – Soak 10 fresh leaves in a
glass of hot water, drink as tea.
(expectorant)
❖ Swollen gums – Steep 6 g. of fresh plant in
a glass of boiling water for 30 minutes. Use
as a gargle solution
❖ Toothache – Cut fresh plant and squeeze
sap. Soak a piece of cotton in the sap and
insert this in aching tooth cavity
❖ Menstrual & gas pain – Soak a handful of
leaves in a glass of boiling water. Drink
infusion.
❖ Nausea & Fainting – Crush leaves and
apply at nostrils of patients
❖ Insect bites – Crush leaves and apply juice
on affected area or pound leaves until like a
paste, rub on affected area
❖ Pruritus – Boil plants alone or with
eucalyptus in water. Use decoction as a
wash on the affected area.
Herbal Med: SAMBONG
Scientific Name: BLUMEA BALSAMIFERA
Uses: anti-urolithiasis, anti-edema, diuretic
❖ Anti-edema, diuretic, anti-urolithiasis – Boil
chopped leaves in a glass of water for 15
minutes until one glassful remains. Divide
decoction into 3 parts, drink one part 3
times a day.
Prepared by: Jubaira Aiko L. Biñas
BSN 3 - 13G
❖ Diarrhea – Chopped leaves and boil in
a glass of water for 15 minutes. Drink
one part every 3 hours
Herbal Med: ACAPULCO
Scientific Name: CASSIA ALATA
Uses: anti-fungal
❖ Tinea flava
❖ Ringworm
❖ Athletes foot
❖ Scabies
❖ Anti-fungal (tinea flava, ringworm, athlete’s
foot and scabies) – Fresh, matured leaves
are pounded. Apply soap to the affected
area 1-2 times a day
Herbal Med: NIYOG-NIYOGAN
Scientific Name: QUISQUALIS INDICA
Uses: anti-helminthic
❖ Anthelmintic – The seeds are taken 2 hours
after supper. If no worms are expelled, the
dose may be repeated after one week.
❖ Caution not to be given to children below 4
years old
Herbal Med: TSAANG GUBAT
Scientific Name: CARMONA RETUSA
Uses:
❖ For diarrhea and stomachache
❖ Diarrhea – Boil chopped leaves into 2
glasses of water for 15 minutes. Divide
decoction into 4 parts. Drink 1 part every 3
hours
❖ Stomach Ache – Boil chopped leaves in 1
glass of water for 15 minutes. Cool and
strain.
Herbal Med: AMPALAYA
Scientific Name: MOMORDICA CHARANTIA
Uses:
❖ For diabetes mellitus (mild non insulin
dependent)
❖ Note:
Young
leaves
may
be
blanched/steamed and eaten ½ glassful BID
Prepared by: Jubaira Aiko L. Biñas
BSN 3 - 13G
II.
Vaccines (EPI)
Expanded Program on Immunization Vaccines
A. Characteristics of EPI Vaccines
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
BCG = freeze-dried
HBV= RNA recombinant
Diphtheria = weakened toxin
Pertussis = killed bacteria
Tetanus = weakened toxin
OPV= live attenuated
AMV/Measles = freeze-dried
YELLOW:
These vaccines are most sensitive to
freezing and least sensitive to heat. It is important
to store them in the body of a refrigerator (+2 to
+8C).
BLUE:
These vaccines are most sensitive to heat
so store them in the freezer for (-15 to -25C).
Side notes: Especially the OPV vaccine which
contains live attenuated virus, very sensitive siya to
heat kung kaya e lagay talaga siya sa loob ng
bioref.
★ COMPLETELY IMMUNIZED CHILD= if
BCG, HBV, DPT, OPV & AMV are taken
after 1 year.
★ FULLY IMMUNIZED CHILD= if BCG, HBV,
DPT, OPV & AMV are taken before 1 year.
Prepared by: Jubaira Aiko L. Biñas
BSN 3 - 13G
III.
Epidemiology
❖ It is the study of the occurrence and
distribution of the disease, as well as the
determinants of events in a specific
population. It is also the application of study
to control health problems.
❖ It is regarded as the backbone of disease
prevention.
A. Uses of Epidemiology
-
Genetic, age, sex, ethnic group,
physiologic,
immunologic,
pre-existing disease, and human
behavior.
★ Environmental Factors
- Physiologic
environments
and
biologic
D. DIsease Distribution
It is the relationship of epidemiologic
variables that includes; time, person, and
place.
E. Patterns of Occurrence and Distribution
B. 3 Components of the Epidemiologic
Triangle
★ Host: any organisms that harbors and
provides
nourishment
for
another
organisms.
★ Agent: intrinsic property of microorganisms
to survive and multiply in the environment to
produce disease.
★ Environment: all external conditions that
affects the development of an organism that
can be biological, social, and physical.
C. Occurrences of Disease in Human
Population
★ Agent of Disease:
- Nutritive elements
- Chemical agents
- Physical agents
- Infectious agents
❖ SPORADIC
- Intermittent occurrence of a few
isolated and unrelated cases in a
given locality.
- Cases are few and scattered
- They occur on and off through a
period of time
- Ex: rabies occurs sporadically in the
Philippines
❖ ENDEMIC
- Continuous occurrence throughout a
period of time in a given locality
- Always occurring in a locality
- Always identifiable within the locality
- Ex: schistosomiasis is endemic in
samar and leyte, while filariasis is
endemic in sorsogon.
❖ EPIDEMIC
- Unusually large number of cases in
a short period of time
- Not
the
absolute
largeness
compared to pandemic
- Ex: bird flu
★ Host Factor (Intrinsic Factor)
Prepared by: Jubaira Aiko L. Biñas
BSN 3 - 13G
❖ PANDEMIC
- Simultaneous
occurrence
of
epidemic
disease
in
several
countries.
- Ex: AIDS
IV.
COPAR
Community Organizing Participatory Action
Research
A social development approach that aims to
transform the apathetic, individualistic and
voiceless poor into a dynamic, participatory
and politically responsive community.
Group centered and not leader centered
F. DOPES
➢
➢
➢
➢
➢
Deprived
Oppressed
Poor
Exploited
Struggling
G. OMG (Continuous/Sustained)
➢ Organizing
➢ Mobilizing
➢ Guiding
H. Community Organizing
The people in the community are brought on
together to play APIE.
A - ask/identify the problem
P - plan activity
I - implement activities
E - evaluate activities
➢
➢
➢
➢
I.
Strengthening
Community member
Problem solving
Decision making
Self reliant
J. Participatory Research
Investigate the problem
DOPES are participated in actual research
Seek the social transportation
DOPES deprive the community problem
Recommendations are made by the
community
K. Phases of COPAR
The Three (3) Phases of COPAR
➢ Pre-entry phase
- Site selection: the most important
during this phase
- Criteria: MDA
M - must have 100-200 family
members
D - dopes and virgin community
A - area must not have serious
problems. Should be safe
-
Initial Phase: search the community
to serve and help. It is important to
formulate Goals, Objectives, Target
(GOT)
- This phase is also where events like:
train the staff, curriculum revision,
and community dialog (mayor)
happens.
PSI (Preliminary Social Investigation): poverty, 30
minutes from the hospital, and identify the contact
person.
➢ Entry Phase
- Social participation phase
- INTEGRATION is the most important
in this phase.
6 Tasks of Entry Phase
1. Conduct courtesy call to the
barangay captain
2. Establish rapport to the community
members
3. Check the lifestyle
4. Immerse yourself in the
community
5. Live with the people
6. Reside in the designated area
Prepared by: Jubaira Aiko L. Biñas
BSN 3 - 13G
DSI (Deep Social Investigation) - in a core group,
select a leader. SALT training (Self Awareness
Leadership Training).
COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS
9 Key Elements
1. Selection of Research Team
2. Training of data collection
3. Planning for data gathering
4. Training for data validation
5. Community validation
6. Analyzing data
7. Presenting community study and
diagnosis and recommendation
8. Prioritizing community needs/problems
COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
➢ Phase Out
❖ After 5 years, gradual endorsement
❖ Transfer roles and responsibilities
❖ Follow up
6 Key Elements
1. Organization (Formal)
2. Name of Organization (Made)
3. Vision and Mission (Made)
4. Objectives and Goals (Made)
5. Election of Officers (made)
6. Deliberation of Roles (function and task)
ARAS: Action, Reflection, Action, Session
COMMUNITY ACTION
❖ Identify first
❖ Organization of barangay health worker
TWO TYPES OF BHW
❖ Doctors and Nurses
❖ Intermediate
health
care
(professional groups)
❖ Villages/Grassroot health worker
worker
Prepared by: Jubaira Aiko L. Biñas
BSN 3 - 13G