Muslim beliefs exam questions
The Six Beliefs
a) State three religious traditions other than Islam in Great Britain today. (3)
Hinduism, Sikhism, Christianity
b) Explain two reasons why the Six Beliefs are important to Muslims. (4)
One reason why the 6 beliefs are important to Muslims is that Muhammad explained them to the
angel Jibril. He was sent by Allah to clarify what Muslims need to know about their faith and
practice. This means the 6 beliefs are necessary to all Muslim’s belief. Another reason is that
they explain those things a Muslim is required to believe and do. This means that Muslims have
the information they need to go to Jannah, such as the obligatory prayers since Muhammad said,
‘If you fail to see Him, then observe prayer’.
b) Explain two of the Six Beliefs of Islam. (4)
One of the Six Beliefs is Tawhid. This means having absolute faith in the oneness of God.
Another one of the Six Beliefs is Al-Qadr. This means that everything in the universe is
following a divine masterplan, which shows the importance of God’s will.
The Five Roots of the Usul ad-Din
a) Outline three of the five roots of ‘Usul ad-Din’. (3)
One of the five roots is Nubuwwah. Another is Tawhid. Another is ‘Adl.
b) Explain two reasons why Tawhid is important to Muslims. (4)
One reason tawhid is important to Muslims is that it shows Allah is the one true God. This means
that He is worthy of their worship and ‘nothing is worthy of worship but Him.’ Another reason is
that it shows that Allah is in control of the universe.
b) Explain two reasons why Shi’a Muslims believe in Divine Justice. (4)
c) Explain two reasons why Usul ad-Din are important to Shi’a Muslims. SOWA. (5)
One reason the ‘Usul ad-Din are important to Shi’a Muslims is that believing in Tawhid is the
foundation of Islam. In the Qur’an it says, ‘Worship God and shun false gods.’ This helps Muslims
to focus on Allah in every aspect of their lives. Another reason is that the five roots identity
the nature and will of Allah. This means that Muslims can live according to Allah’s will.
d) “There are more similarities than differences between Sunni and Shi’a beliefs.” (15)
d) “Belief in the Day of Judgement is the most important of the Five Roots of Shi’a Islam.” (15)
agree
disagree
The concept of justice is fundamental to
Belief in Imamah is more important since it
Islam since Allah is a just God. For justice to
acts as the key difference between Shi’a and
be delivered there must be a day of
Sunni belief systems, therefore to be Shi’a
reckoning when Allah will judge the hearts of
means to believe that Imamah is more
men
important
All the prophets have taught of resurrection
The Qur’an says that a Muslims main purpose
and Judgement Day. The Qur’an teaches that is to worship Allah. Worship should spring
Allah is the Creator, and it is easy for him to
from a pure heart and not be based on a fear
bring the living from the dead
of Judgement Day, as Allah judges the
intention rather than the actions
The Qur’an shows that those who lived
righteous lives will be rewarded on
Judgement Day, so a Muslim must follow the
instruction of Islam to be prepared for
judgement.
All Five Roots of Usul ad-Din are vital aspects
of belief, if you cannot say with your whole
heart that Allah is the one true God then
living a good life is of little worth, as
Judgement Day has no meaning.
Nature of Allah
a) Outline three characteristics of Allah shown in the Qur’an. (3)
One characteristic of Allah shown in the Qur’an is that He is the one true God. Another
characteristic of Allah is that He is omnipotent. Another characteristic is that He is just.
b) Explain two reasons why characteristics of Allah are important for Muslims. (4)
b) Explain two reasons why Allah’s merciful nature is important to Muslims. (4)
One reason Allah’s merciful nature is important to Muslims is that everyone does bad things.
This means that without Allah’s mercy, no one would go to Jannah. Another reason is that in his
mercy, Allah will repay faithfulness in the afterlife. This means that even when life is difficult
on earth Muslims believe that Allah will reward them after Judgement Day.
c) Explain two Muslim beliefs about Allah. (5)
c) Explain two reasons why the characteristics of Allah are important. SOWA. (5)
Risalah
a) Outline three things that Muslims believe about Risalah. (3)
a) Outline three things’ Muslims believe about Isa. (3)
One Muslim belief about Isa is that he was Allah’s messenger. Another Muslim belief about Isa
is that he was born to a virgin mother. Another belief is that he performed miracles by the will
and permission of Allah.
b) Explain two things the life of prophet Adam teaches Muslims. (4)
One thing the life of prophet Adam teaches Muslims is that they must obey Allah. This is
because Adam succumbed to Shaytan and was punished so Muslims learn from his mistakes.
Another lesson is that Allah will always send guidance. This is because He helped Adam even
after he had left the garden.
b) Explain two reasons why Muhammad is an important prophet in Islam. (4)
One reason Muhammad is important in Islam that he was the ‘seal of the prophets.’ This means
that he brought the final message from Allah and completed Islam. Another reason is that he is
a role model for Muslims. This means that Muslims only need to follow the example set by
Muhammad to get into Jannah.
b) Explain two reasons why prophets are important for Muslims. (4)
One reason prophets are important for Muslims is that prophets brought the guidance of Allah.
This means that they gave Muslims salvation. Another reason is that all prophets brought the
same message. This shows that Allah is unchanging.
c) Explain two things that Muslims can learn from the lives of the prophets. SOWA. (5)
One thing Muslims can learn from the lives of prophets is Muslims may learn the importance of
being a good person. The Qur’an says of Muhammad ‘And indeed, you are of a great moral
character’. This teaches Muslims that they must follow his example and be honest and
trustworthy. Another thing Muslims can learn is the importance of obedience and repentance.
Prophet Adam disobeyed Allah’s instructions and was punished, so Muslims can learn from his
mistake.
d) “The lives of the prophets are the best way for a Muslim to understand how to
live.” (15)
agree
• The prophets were ordinary men chosen
by Allah as an example for everyone ‘in
the Messenger of Allah you have an
excellent example’ This shows the power
of Allah in using an imperfect vessel to
bring his guidance to all
Their lives all demonstrate the
unchanging message of Allah. This shows
his expectations remain unchanged
throughout history, confirming for
Muslims how Allah wants them to live.
The lives of prophets show the loving and
merciful nature of Allah. e.g., he used
Musa to free his people from slavery and
defeat the oppressor, teaching Muslims
that Allah cares for them.
disagree
It is more important to focus on the Six
Beliefs of Islam as they are the
commands of Allah for his servants and
are relevant in the life of every
individual.
‘You must believe in Allah, his angels, his
holy books, his messengers, in the last
day and life after death.’
Reading the Qur’an teaches Muslims how
to live, focusing on the lives of the
prophets gives a fragmented picture as
they each only show part of Allah’s plan.
The events during the lives of the
prophets are rooted in a particular time
in history. These are not always relevant
to Allah’s will for an individual today so
the Five Pillars define how a Muslim
should live.
Muslims consider the prophets to be
perfect role models, because they are
sinless. ‘He was thankful for the
blessings of Allah who chose him and
guided him to a straight path.’
Muslim holy books
a) Outline three Muslim beliefs about the Injil. (3)
b) Explain two Muslim attitudes to holy books. (4)
b) Explain two reasons why the Qur’an is important to Muslims. (4)
One reason the Qur’an is important to Muslims is that it’s the direct word of Allah. This means
it hasn’t been changed or altered. Another reason is that it reveals the will of Allah. This means
that it shows Muslims how to live their lives to please Him.
c) Explain two Muslim beliefs about the purpose of the holy books. SOWA. (5)
One purpose of the holy books is to reveal Allah’s plan for creation. This allows Muslims to know
Allah’s will. Another purpose is they provide accounts of the prophet’s lives. This means they
provide examples of the correct way for Muslim’s to live.
d) “All Muslim holy books are equally important.” (15)
d) “The Qur’an is the only holy book a Muslim need.” (15)
agree
disagree
It is the exact words of Allah and so is the
Today’s problems, for example euthanasia,
only book to give accurate guidance as to
are not covered in the Qur’an and therefore
Allah’s will.
other sources need to be used
It has never been changed as it is relevant to All holy books were given by Allah for
all people for all times so can still deal with
guidance not just the Qur’an, therefore
today’s problems.
books such as the Tawrat can be used as
appropriate
It is the only holy book Muslims believe helps The hadith, which provide teaching from
them follow the straight path both by its
Muhammad, help Muslims understand the
teaching and the examples of the stories of
Qur’an so are also important to follow today.
the prophets.
d) “Muslims should obey all the Islamic holy books, not just the Qur’an.” (15)
agree
disagree
The Qur’an references other messages from
The Qur’an is the final revelation of Allah’s
Allah, these are found in the Tawrat. They
will. The earlier books have been corrupted
include things like the laws of Allah which are through translation and so they may not be a
basic rules for all humans.
true representation of Allah’s word
‘Surely We revealed the Torah, wherein
there is guidance and light.’
Allah is unchanging therefore his message is
fundamentally unchanging regardless of the
period in history. There is no contradiction
between what Allah said to Adam the first
man and what he said to Muhammad the last
prophet.
Muslims cannot pick and choose which parts
of Allah’s message they choose to believe and
which parts they can ignore. It is important
in Islam that the Qur’an remains unchanged,
so the earlier revelations of Allah are also of
value.
There are inconsistencies between events as
they appear in the Qur’an and how they are
portrayed in the other texts, for example
the death of prophet Isa in the Injil. In this
case Muslims must abide by the teaching of
the Qur’an
Some Muslims may believe that the Holy
Books need to be reinterpreted for a
changing society, since some things which
were acceptable when they were written are
incompatible with human rights, such as
capital punishment.
Malaikah
a) Outline three Muslim beliefs about angels. (3)
b) Explain two Muslim beliefs about mi’ad. (4)
One belief Muslims have about mi’ad is that the trumpet will sound, and all living things will
perish. Another belief is that all will be judged based on the account given of their deeds in
life by the Kiraman Katibin.
c) Explain two reasons why Jibril is important to Muslims. (5)
In the Qur’an the angel Jibril is shown to be the bearer of the Qur’an ‘he revealed this ‘Qur’an’
to your heart by Allah’s Will.’. The Qur’an was delivered by Jibril, by permission of Allah. Jibril
is shown to be important to Allah. ‘Whoever is an enemy to Allah, His Angels and His Messengers
and to Gabriel and Michael will surely find Allah an enemy to such unbelievers.’. Jibril is of
importance as Allah’s trusted messenger.
d) “Angels have no relevance today.”
agree
Some Muslims consider a more metaphorical
interpretation of the references to angels in
the Qur’an, suggesting that they may be a
manifestation of the inner struggle to be a
good Muslim
Since there is no empirical evidence, they
exist some believe angels have no significance
in religious affairs today therefore people
who are not spiritually aware do not believe in
them
Some may believe that the angels were
associated with the prophets and since
Muhammad was the last Prophet of Islam
there is no need for angels to still work in the
world.
disagree
Belief in angels is one of the six Beliefs of
Islam. The Prophet said that in order to be a
Muslim people needed to believe in angels, so
it is vitally important for all Muslims to
believe that angels still help people
The Qur’an teaches that angels are
messengers of Allah, the angel Jibril visited
Muhammad to bring the words of the Qur’an
and Allah still sends messengers to the
faithful today. Allah’s characteristics are
eternal so if he sent messengers once he
must still be sending them
Muslims believe that angels record the good
and bad deeds people do. This is the basis of
their final judgement by Allah so, even if a
person cannot see them, angels are still at
work in the world today.
Al-Qadr
a) Outline three Muslim beliefs about al-Qadr. (3)
One Muslim belief about al-Qadr is that all events are part of Allah’s plan for creation. Another
belief is that Alah already knows the outcome of every life. Another belief is that there’s no
such thing as a random chance event.
b) Explain two reasons why predestination (al-Qadr) is an important belief for Muslims. (4)
One reason Al-Qadr is important for Muslims is that it means that everything happens
according to the wisdom of Allah. This means when there are difficult situations a Muslim will be
patient. Another reason Al-Qadr is important is that it makes the believer courageous. This is
because he knows that the span of his lifetime is predestined by Allah.
b) Explain two ways in which a belief in al-Qadr affects the lives of Muslims. (4)
One way al-Qadr affects the lives of Muslims is it makes believers courageous. This means they
feel reassured because they know their life is predestined by Allah. Another way is that it
means that everything happens according to the wisdom of Allah. This means that when there
are difficult situations Muslims will be patient.
d) “Al-Qadr and human freedom are incompatible.” (15)
agree
disagree
Allah is all powerful and in control of all
The belief in the existence of nafs means
events so humans have no choice of what to
that Muslims must have freedom of choice to
do because everything is pre-determined
do good or bad
Allah knows everything that will happen so
knows the decisions humans make before
they make them so making choices is
pointless
As Allah is in control, nothing can happen that
is outside of his will, both good and bad, so
humans have no choices.
Allah has given everyone free will to decide
how to live as this life is a test and humans
will be judged on how they used their freewill
There would be no point in the Day of
Judgement with rewards and punishments if
humans did not have the freedom to decide
how they lived.
Akhirah
a) Outline three Muslim beliefs about Akhirah. (3)
One Muslim belief about Akhirah is that life is a preparation for Akhirah. Another belief is that
everyone will be judged on their deeds. Another belief is that on mi’ ad believers will go to
Jannah.
b) Describe two differences between Islam and the main religious tradition of Great Britain
about the beliefs of paradise and hell. (4)
c) Explain two Muslim teachings about life after death shown in the Qur’an. (5)
One teaching of akhirah shown in the Qur’an is that on the last day Allah will call people before
him with a record of their deeds. Allah will judge all based on their actions and decide if they go
to paradise or hell. In the Qur’an it says ‘Indeed, those who have believed and done righteous
deeds – they will have the Gardens of Paradise as a lodging,’. This means that they will be
admitted into the gardens of paradise if they believe in Allah and do righteous deeds.
d) “If there is no akhirah, religious teachings are meaningless.” (15)
d) “Muslims should fear the possibility of eternity in hell.” (15)
agree
disagree
Belief in life after death is one of the key
Muslims should focus on loving Allah. This
Sunni and Shi’a beliefs. It was a key teaching
reflects Tawhid which is the most important
in the early Qur’anic revelations and one of
Muslim belief and part of the Shahadah. It
Muhammad’s key messages that set Islam
will free Muslims from being consumed by
apart from pre-Islamic Arab beliefs
other worries and bring them closer to him
which is their goal
Some Muslims need the hope of reward or
Muslims should do good acts not out of the
fear of punishment to spur them to act. This
hope of a reward or fear of a bad afterlife
is human nature and knowing that there are
but because it is the right thing to do. A
consequences to actions can lead to more
truly good act is one done for its own sake
good being done in the world
Belief in life after death is important as
Muslims should follow the teachings of Sufi
Muslims believe life is a test. There must
teachers such as Rabia Basri. She famously
therefore be a judgement and reward for
wanted to put out the fires of hell and burn
those who live a good life, for the innocent,
down the rewards of heaven. She saw them as
and those who follow Allah’s way
obstacles on the way to loving Allah.
d) “There is no need for Muslims to fear death.” (15)
Philosophy exam questions
Revelations
a) Outline three Muslims beliefs about revelation. (3)
One Muslim belief about revelation is that it can happen directly, for example through dreams.
Another belief is that it can happen through angels. Another belief is that it can happen “from
behind a veil”, for example through visions.
a) Outline three ways that Allah is revealed. (3)
One way Allah is revealed is through the messages given to prophets. Another way is through
visions. Another way is through miracles.
a) Outline three ideas about the nature of Allah shown through revelation in the Qur’an. (3)
b) Explain two ways the nature of Allah is shown through revelation. (4)
c) Explain two ways Muslims believe Allah is revealed to humanity. SOWA. (5)
One way Muslims believe Allah is revealed to humanity is through scripture. In the Qur’an it
says, ‘We have certainly sent down distinct verses.’ This shows that the Qur’an was a direct
revelation from Allah. Another way is through prophets. For example, Prophet Muhammed who
shared Allah’s messages.
d) “Revelation is a thing of the past.” (12)
Visions
a) Outline three ways visions may prove that Allah exists. (3)
One way visions may prove Allah exists is that they may impart divine guidance. Another way is
that they are a blessing from Allah. Another way is they reveal spiritual truths.
b) Explain two reasons why belief in visions is important for Muslims. (4)
One reason belief in ru’ya is important to Muslims is that it can increase believer’s faith. This
means that when a Muslim experiences a vision it brings them closer to Allah. Another reason is
that it proves Allah’s existence. This is because visions reveal things that only Allah could
reveal.
c) Explain two reasons why Muslims believe visions are not hallucinations. SOWA. (5)
One reason Muslims believe visions are not hallucinations is that they happen worldwide. This
means that too many people have experienced them in many different contexts for them all to
be the result of psychological factors. Another reason Muslims believe visions are not
hallucinations is that they reveal things that come to pass. Allah revealed the reconstruction of
Jerusalem to Prophet Ezekiel in a vision and it came to pass.
d) “Visions provide evidence that Allah exists.” (12)
agree
disagree
Only Allah has the wisdom and power to
Non-religious people may argue that visions
provide a vision for a believer that’s
may be the result of illness. A high
consistent with his other revelations. If a
temperature may trigger hallucinations and
vision is true to the word of Allah it must
one may see and hear things that are not
have come from him
really there
Prophet Muhammad saw visions that
Visions may be made up. A person may claim
confirmed the existence of Allah. The visions to have had a vision in order to achieve status
helped Muhammad, and Muslims today, to be
in the community, or be perceived as a holy
person
patient and steadfast in their faith as Allah
wishes
‘the prophet’s own heart did not distort what
He saw’’
Many Muslims believe that visions can be
from Allah. If a vision is judged by the elders
to be true, then it can only be from Allah.
However, there are also visions that are from
Shaytan or from one’s own, rather than Allah.
If a vision has to be judged to be proven
worthy then every vision does not constitute
proof of the existence of Allah, but rather
may be due to Shaytan or ones subconscious.
‘a true good dream is from Allah, and a bad
dream is from Satan."
Miracles
b) Explain two Muslim beliefs about miracles. (4)
One Muslim belief about miracles is that they are a direct intervention from Allah against the
laws of nature. This means that Allah works against nature to enact His will. Another Muslim
belief is that Allah works through nature to enact miracles. This means that while miracles can
be scientifically explained they do not disprove the existence of Allah.
c) Explain two ways that miracles can cause people to believe in Allah. SOWA. (5)
One way that miracles can cause people to believe in Allah is that they are outside of human
knowledge. For example, the Qur’an is seen as a miracle, it says that ‘if all mankind and jinn came
together, they could not create something like it’. This means it could only occur through Allah.
Another way is that miracles can’t be scientifically explained. This means that only Allah could
be responsible for them.
d) “Miracles are real.” (12)
d) “Miracles are impossible.” (12)
Religious experiences
a) Outline three Muslim beliefs about religious experiences. (3)
One Muslim belief about religious experiences is that they are not restricted to holy figures.
b) Explain two reasons why Muslims believe the Qur’an is Allah’s greatest revelation. (4)
One reason Muslims believe the Qur’an is Allah’s greatest revelation is that it’s the final and
complete guide for humanity. This means that everything they need to go to Jannah is in the
Qur’an. Another reason is that it’s the direct word of Allah. This means that it is Allah’s
unedited will for the world and Muslims can read it to understand how they should act.
b) Explain two Muslim attitudes towards religious experiences. (4)
One Muslim attitude towards religious experiences is that they may be untrustworthy. This is
because they feel Shaytan may use them to fool the unaware. Another attitude is that Allah can
send them to whoever. These must be judged by an elder of the faith to determine truth.
d) “Non-religious arguments about religious experiences are convincing.” (12)
Design argument
a) Outline three ways the design argument confirms the existence of Allah for
Muslims. (3)
One way the design argument confirms the existence of Allah for Muslims is that the existence
of design is proof of an omnipotent designer. Another way is only Allah has the knowledge to
design the universe. Another way is the universe has an intricate design that shows planning.
a) Outline three characteristics of Allah revealed by the design argument. (3)
One characteristic of Allah revealed by the design argument is that He is omnipotent. Another
characteristic is that He is benevolent. Another characteristic is that He is omniscient .
b) Explain two ways Muslims may use the design argument to show that Allah exists. (4)
One way Muslims would use the design argument to show that Allah exists is that only Allah is
omniscient and has the knowledge to design such a complex creation. This means that the world
is designed too intelligently for anyone else to have designed it. Another way is that only Allah is
omnipotent. This means He is the only one who has the power to design and create the world.
b) Explain two ways Muslims would respond to non-religious arguments against the design
argument. (4)
One way Muslims would respond to non-religious arguments against the design argument is that
the world is too ordered to have happened randomly. This means that there must be an
intelligent designer. Another response is that the world is to elaborate to be the result of
random chance. This means there must be an intelligent higher power, and this power is Allah.
c) Explain two ways the design argument proves the existence of Allah. SOWA. (5)
One way the design argument proves the existence of Allah is the world is too complex to have
just happened with design. This means there must be an omnipotent, omniscient being who
created it. In the Qur’an it says, ‘We made the night that they may rest therein and the day
giving sight’. This means that Everything in the world works together for a purpose. This would
only be possible if it was designed by a benevolent being such as Allah.
d) “Only Allah could have designed the universe.”
agree
The seasons arrive in order and nature is
balanced to sustain life which could only work
if overseen by a powerful being which must
be Allah.
‘There are many Signs in the structure of the
heavens and the earth, in the constant
alternation of night and day… in the water
which Allah sends down from the sky’
The world is too complex to have just
happened without a design and the only being
with enough knowledge to have designed the
world is Allah. Allah is exalted in power and
full of wisdom.
‘Allah, the Exalted in Might, the Wise’
Everything in the world works together for a
purpose, this would only be possible if
designed by a benevolent being which is Allah
disagree
The world is far from perfect, natural evil.
David Hume said the world “is very faulty and
imperfect, compared to a superior standard”.
The theory of evolution, put forward by
Charles Darwin, shows a way of understanding
how species develop without reference to a
designer God.
Even if we accept that the world was
designed, it cannot be assumed that its
designer is God. And if it were designed by
God, then the existence of evil and suffering
as it says in the Qur’an the night is designed
for resting and the day for giving sight.
in the world would suggest the belief that
God is entirely good is false.
Cosmological argument
a) Outline three things the cosmological argument suggests about the nature of
Allah. (3)
One thing the cosmological argument suggests about the nature of Allah is that only Allah has no
beginning. Another belief is that Allah is the unmoved mover. Another belief is that Allah is the
only being with the knowledge to begin the world.
b) Explain two reasons why the cosmological argument is proof that Allah exists. (4)
c) Explain two Muslim beliefs about the cosmological argument. SOWA. (5)
d) “If God caused the universe, something must have caused God.” (12)
Suffering
a) Outline three Muslim beliefs about suffering. (3)
One Muslim belief about suffering is that it’s caused by humans misusing their free will.
Another belief about suffering is that it’s a necessary part of life. Another belief is that it’s a
test for the afterlife.
a) Outline three problems the existence of suffering may raise for those who believe in God.(3)
b) Explain two reasons why non-religious people do not believe in God. (4)
b) Explain two practical ways in which Muslims respond to the existence of suffering. (4)
b) Explain two Muslim responses to the problem of suffering. (4)
One Muslim response to the problem of suffering is that suffering in life is a test from
Allah. For example, Allah allowed the Prophet Ayub to be subjected to suffering, and
rewarded him for his patience. Another response is that suffering is caused by humans
misusing freewill. Allah gave humans free will, and humans misuse it which causes evil in
the world.
c) Explain two reasons why evil and suffering may cause a problem for those who
believe Allah is compassionate. (5)
One reason evil and suffering might cause a problem for people who believe Allah to be
benevolent is that if Allah doesn’t relieve their suffering, they may begin to question His mercy.
Another reason is that they may start to question Allah’s omnipotence. In the Qur’an, it says
‘the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate.”’, but if Allah is benevolent and has not stopped
suffering, it must be because He doesn’t have the power to do so.
d) “Humans are responsible for their own suffering.” (12)
d) “It is impossible to prevent all suffering.” (12)
agree
Disagree
Life is a test given to humans by Allah,
Allah is all powerful. The Qur’an teaches that
suffering is part of the test of life.
if Allah says “Be” it happens (Surah 2:117) so
Therefore, regardless of humanity’s efforts
he could end all suffering.
there will always be suffering
‘Whenever He decrees a matter, He (merely)
says: “Be”, and it is.’
Allah gave humans free will. Some choose to
ignore Allah and do evil things. Since Allah
will not override free will, humans will always
cause suffering.
Suffering occurs as a result of events
outside human control e.g., earthquakes cause
immense devastation and lead to death and
sorrow.
Humans can use the knowledge Allah provides
to prevent suffering. For example, people can
cure many diseases that previously caused
suffering
The Qur’an says that the time on earth is
brief and the reward for passing the test of
life is paradise so in the afterlife Allah will
prevent suffering for eternity.
d) “Allah should not allow believers to suffer.” (12)
agree
Disagree
If Allah has ‘created all things with
Muslims believe the events of one’s life have
predestination’ then those who follow the
been pre-determined by Allah and suffering
path of righteousness as he commands do not is therefore part of Allah’s plan. It is the
deserve to suffer
role of every Muslim to accept suffering with
patience because the ultimate outcome
reveals his compassion
The inconsistent triad suggests that if Allah
Life on earth is merely a test by Allah of a
is all-knowing, all-powerful and all-loving then
person’s worth, those who endure suffering in
he could remove all suffering from the world. this life, like Ayyub, and remain steadfast will
Therefore, he cannot be a compassionate God be rewarded with paradise in the next life
since suffering exists
If Muslims fulfilled Allah’s will for
Without suffering Muslims could not
humankind, they would work to eliminate all
demonstrate their willingness to follow
the suffering and support the ummah, for
Allah’s commands, since there would be no
example Zakah could remove suffering caused need of charity. Allah instructs Muslims not
by poverty.
to use their wealth to do wrong or it will be ‘a
source of regret for them’ .
Living the Muslim Life exam questions
Ten Obligatory Acts
a) State three of the Ten Obligatory Acts (3)
Salah, Hajj and Zakah
b) Explain two teachings from the Qur’an about the Ten Obligatory Acts. (4)
b) Explain two ways that a Shi’a Muslim can show their commitment. (4)
d) “The Ten Obligatory Acts unite Muslims. (15)
agree
disagree
The Ten Obligatory Acts are the embodiment Sunni Muslims do not follow the Acts but
of the key principles that all Muslims live by – have their own Five Pillars. This shows that
love for Allah and love for his creation. All
the Acts are in actual fact a way of
Muslims are brought together by putting
separating and causing division amongst
these into practice through the Acts
Muslims, as they cannot agree on the basic
practices of Islam
Acts such as Zakah and Khums benefit wider
Nahi-anil-Munkar and Amr-bil-Maroof can be
society by looking out for those less
interpreted differently because Muslims do
fortunate and the needy. This concern and
not all agree on many aspects of Islamic law.
care brings Muslims together in a common
cause
Muslims follow the Acts either practically,
for example through Salah, or spiritually for
example Ismaili Muslims through spiritual
fasting. Thus, they all recognise their
relevance and important role, bringing
Muslims together.
The different interpretations may cause
divisions amongst Muslims
Ismaili Shi’a Muslims may practise spiritual
fasting and abstain from impure thoughts,
rather than physically fasting as Twelver
Shi’a Muslims do. These different
interpretations separate even Shi’a Muslims
rather than bring them together.
Shahadah
a) Outline three beliefs about Shahadah. (3)
One belief about Shahadah is that it should be the first thing a baby hears. Another belief is
that those who recite it will be rewarded. Another belief is that reciting it is greater Jihad.
a) Outline three reasons why the Shahadah is important to Muslims. (3)
One reason Shahadah is important to Muslims is that it is the 1st pillar of Islam. Another reason
is that it reminds Muslims of their commitment to Allah. Another reason is that those who
recite it are promised rewards in Jannah.
c) Explain two reasons why the Shahadah is important to Muslims. SOWA. (5)
One reason the Shahadah is important to Muslims is that it summarises what a person needs to
believe to be a Muslim. This means that they are reminded daily what they need to go to Jannah.
Another reason is that it reminds Muslims that there is no god but Allah. In the Shahadah it
says, ‘There is no God except Allah’. This means Allah is always foremost in their minds.
Salah
a) Outline three purposes of Salah. (3)
One purpose of Salah is to bring Muslims closer to Allah through direct communication. Another
purpose is to help keep them on the right path through constant reminder.
a) Outline three beliefs that show why Salah is important to Muslims. (3)
One belief that shows why Salah is important to Muslims is that Salah is one of the Five Pillars
of Islam. Another belief is that it is one of the Ten Obligatory Acts of Shi’a Islam. Another
belief is that it helps Muslims remain mindful of their faith.
b) Describe two differences in worship between Islam and the main religious traditions of Great
Britain. (4)
One difference between worship in Islam and Christianity is that Muslims must perform wudu
before prayer.
c) Explain two reasons why Salah is important to Muslims. (5)
One reason Salah is important to Muslims is that it is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. This
means it underpins all the other principles of the faith. Another reason is that it’s Allah’s will. In
the Qur’an it says, 'Prayer is obligatory for the believers.’ This means that Allah wants it and
it’s necessary to get into Jannah. Another reason is that it constantly reminds Muslims of the
importance of Allah. This helps Muslims be mindful of their actions.
d) “Salah is the most important of the Five Pillars for Muslims.” (15)
agree
disagree
Allah commanded Muslims to worship him in
prayer, ‘I am God, there is none worthy of
worship but me, so worship me and offer
prayer perfectly for my remembrance’,
Prayer is the First Pillar and follows from the
declaration of faith
The most important aspect of life as a
Muslim is the relationship with Allah. Prayer
demonstrates this, improves and increases it
Works are not accepted by Allah if one does
not first have inner belief. If a person
associates others with Allah, then their good
works will be in vain. Prayer shows that Allah
is foremost in the Muslim’s mind.
Islam teaches that faith requires both inner
belief and outward action. As such prayer, by
itself, cannot be more important than the
other commands of Allah since all are
necessary
The Qur’an teaches that ‘Allah has promised
that for those who believe and do good works
for them is a reward in paradise’. So, prayer
cannot be the most important without action
since both are required for paradise
The Hadith teaches that ‘Actions are judged
by their intentions’, if the intention is to
show devotion to Allah, then good works
become part of faith and complement prayer,
meaning that no one attribute of Muslim life
can be seen as of supreme importance.
d) “Daily prayers are the most significant part of spiritual life.” (15)
agree
Disagree
Prayer is the primary way Muslims express
Daily prayer may become stale and routine; as
their worship of Allah; prayer enables a
a result, it may lack devotion and conviction
Muslim to develop in the faith and therefore
and thereby damage, rather than enhance,
live a life more pleasing to Allah
the spiritual life of a Muslim
Allah commanded Muslims in the Qur’an to
Allah is all-knowing and can provide all a
observe the prescribed prayers, by doing this person needs. A Muslim should therefore
they are fulfilling one of the Five Pillars and
focus on doing good works in the world to
preventing immorality and wrongdoing
please Allah
‘Indeed, ˹genuine˺ prayer should deter ˹one˺
from indecency and wickedness. The
remembrance of Allah is ˹an˺ even greater
˹deterrent˺.’
This is the best way for a Muslim to stand
resolutely against the suffering of life. They
provide comfort and fill a Muslim with
courage, enabling a person to fulfil their
responsibilities on earth
There are those ascetic Muslims who choose
to live their lives in prayer and contemplation,
however in modern society most people live
busy lives. An over dependence on prayer may
limit the ability to fulfil other religious
duties such as looking after their family.
Sawm
a) Outline three activities Muslims do to observe Ramadan. (3)
a) Outline three examples of people who may be excused from fasting during Sawm. (3)
a) Outline three reasons why Muslims fast during Ramadan. (3)
One reason Muslims fast during Ramadan is that fasting brings a person closer to Allah. Another
reason is that everyone fasting at once unites the ummah. Another reason is it reminds a person
of the poor who go without food.
b) Explain two reasons why Muslims fast during Ramadan. (4)
One reason why Muslims fast during Ramadan is that it develops self-control. This helps to
overcome selfishness. Another reason is to experience hunger as the poor do. This helps them
to develop empathy.
b) Explain two ways that Muslims observe Ramadan. (5)
c) Explain two Muslim teachings about Sawm. Include a SOWA. (5)
Sawm is obligatory because Allah has commanded it. In the Qur’an it says “fasting is prescribed
to you”. This means that Allah requires it of Muslims. The Qur’an also says that Sawm should
last from dawn till sunset unless a person is exempt from fasting.
c) Explain two reasons why some Muslims do not have to fast during Ramadan. SOWA (5)
One reason some Muslims don’t have to fast is that the Qur’an grants some exceptions. This is
because Allah is a merciful God. Another reason is if the person is ill. The Qur’an says that the
person can make up the days after recovery. ‘So whoever among you is ill or on a journey [during
them] - then an equal number of other days [are to be made up].’
d) “Fasting should be an individual choice, not compulsory.” (15)
Zakah and Khums
a) Outline three Muslim features of Zakah. (3)
b) Explain two reasons why Muslims give to the poor. (4)
One reason Muslims give Zakah is that it shows that a Muslim respects Allah. This brings them
closer to Him. Another reason is that it is used to provide relief for Muslims in need. This
brings the ummah together by supporting all Muslims.
b) Explain two reasons why khums is important for Shi’a Muslims. (4)
One reason khums is important for Shi’a Muslims is that it’s commanded by the Qur’an. This
means a fifth of gain should go to Allah. Another reason is that believers should spend their
money to benefit Allah. This is part of the test of life.
d) “It’s the duty of governments, not individuals, to take care of the less fortunate.”
d) “Zakah is the most important of the Five Pillars.” (15)
agree
disagree
Regular giving of Zakah purifies one’s wealth
Zakah is only one of the Five Pillars, there is
of greed and selfishness by redistributing
no spiritual benefit in giving money if you do
money from the rich to the poor, as
not first believe in Allah. Therefore, without
commanded by Allah in the Qur’an
true belief Zakah does not benefit the giver
It cleanses the heart of love of money which
Prayer may be more important as you do not
leads to sin. It is used for the benefit of
need to be wealthy to approach Allah in
humanity to support the poor, and promote
prayer. Prayer brings a Muslim closer to Allah
good and justice in the world
reducing immorality and wrongdoing.
‘Keep up the prayer, prayer restrains
outrageous and unacceptable behaviour.’
It encourages humility because the rich
Some believe Shahadah is the most important
receive no praise or admiration since they are pillar since the testimony of faith said with
only doing their duty, and the poor are not
conviction underpins all the other pillars.
shamed by receiving it.
Without faith following the rules of Allah is
‘To give charity publicly is good, but to give to of no value.
the poor privately is better for you and will
absolve you of your sins. And Allah is AllAware of what you do.’
Hajj
b) Explain two reasons why
Muslims perform Hajj. (4)
One reason Muslims perform Hajj is that it allows Muslims to experience the unity of Islam.
This means that when Muslims perform Hajj, they worship with other believers from all over
the world and they may feel closer to the ummah. Another reason is that it encourages believers
to focus their lives on Allah. This means they can see what Allah has provided for them.
c) Explain two reasons why Muslims complete Hajj. Include a SOWA. (5)
One reason Muslims perform Hajj is that it allows Muslims to experience the unity of Islam. In
the Qur’an it says ‘and you proclaim to people the Hajj… they will come from every distant pass’.
This means that when Muslims perform Hajj, they worship with other believers from all over
the world and they may feel closer to the ummah. Another reason is that it encourages believers
to focus their lives on Allah. This means they can see what Allah ‘has provided for them’ as they
refocus their consciousness on Him.
c) Explain two reasons why performing Hajj is important for most Muslims. (5)
One reason performing Hajj is important for Muslims is that it’s one of the 5 pillars. This means
that it is commanded by Allah. Another reason is that it shows that a person is willing to
sacrifice for Allah. In the Qur’an it says, ‘Our Lord make us Muslims in submission to you’. This
means that this sacrifice brings them closer to Allah.
d) “The benefits of Hajj outweigh the challenges.” (15)
Jihad
a) Outline three features of greater jihad. (3)
a) Outline three Muslim beliefs about jihad. (3)
b) Explain two ways that jihad is shown to be important in the life of a Muslim. (4)
One way that jihad is important in a Muslim’s life is that greater Jihad is the spiritual struggle
to follow Allah’s teaching in their own lives. This requires them to overcome their weaknesses.
Another way is that the Qur’an commands Muslims to fight in the name of Allah. This means
that the war is fought for the right reasons and in the right way.
c) Explain two reasons why greater Jihad is important for Muslims. (5)
One reason greater Jihad is important for Muslims is they undergo greater jihad to get rid of
wrongdoing in their lives. This means they need it to live a life that is pleasing to Allah. Another
reason is that Muhammad said that the ‘struggle within’ was the most important jihad and would
be rewarded by Allah.
d) “The greater jihad is more important than lesser jihad.” (15)
agree
disagree
 Muslims believe greater Jihad is more
 It Is Important to defend Islam. The
important since this brings you closer
Qur’an allows Muslims to fight in selfto Allah. Most believe that the best
defence and to protect Muslims who
Jihad is the Jihad against a person’s
are being persecuted.





own soul and desires for the sake of
Allah.
On returning from a battle
Muhammad stated that they had
returned from a lesser Jihad to a
greater Jihad. He described this as a
Jihad against the self and believed
this inner struggle was a higher form
than fighting an outer enemy

‘Fight in the cause of Allah ˹only˺
against those who wage war against
you, but do not exceed the limits.’

It is impossible to fight a modern war
and still obey the rules of Allah. This
makes it more important to work for
peace rather than resort to physical
violence.
Greater Jihad involves struggles
Muslims face daily to get closer to
Allah. Establishing Islam in their own
lives and improving their own
relationship with Allah must come
before they can establish Islam in
the world
When the Prophet Muhammad was
asked which people fought in the
name of Allah, he said: ‘The person
who struggles so that Allah’s word is
supreme is the one serving Allah’s
cause’ it is possible to struggle
without waging war.
Improving yourself through greater
Jihad is a greater service to Islam.
Improving oneself, family and
community results in a better society
and so lesser Jihad is not needed.

Lesser Jihad is more important in
places where the survival of Muslims
is at risk. The Qur’an gives permission
to Muslims to fight back against
those that wrong them. Muslims can
therefore turn to lesser Jihad to
defend themselves
It is important to fight in the way of
Allah and not to break Allah’s rules to
seek revenge, so, for example,
civilians should not be harmed.
It is important for Muslims who may
be being persecuted. The Qur’an
recognised that persecution is worse
than killing so lesser Jihad is seen as
a legitimate way to end what can
often be long term suffering



The Hadith say that a Muslim who
dies fighting for Allah will go straight
to paradise so if Allah is prepared to
overlook a Muslims wrongdoing if they
fight for him, it must be important.
Lesser Jihad is needed to protect
Muslims against a tyrannical ruler.
People suffer under such rule. Lesser
Jihad gives them a chance to be able
to live freely.
d) ‘‘It is possible to have a war that fulfils the requirements for greater jihad.” (15)
agree
disagree
The Qur’an encourages Muslims to struggle in Some Muslims suggest that warfare is, by its
the path of Allah, following the example of
nature, destructive and leads to massive loss
the Prophet Muhammad. In the case of war
of life. This should never be considered holy
Muslims are required to fight in Holy Wars to or sanctioned by a loving God who laid down
defend Islam. If a Holy War is called by a
strict rules for a Holy War to be considered
religious authority Muslims are required to
justifiable
fight
In the earliest days of Islam Prophet
Modern warfare makes it impossible to abide
Muhammad was forced to battle to protect
by the strict Qur’anic rules governing the
the emergence of Islam. The people they
conduct of wars. Modern weapons are
fought were non-Muslims creating the idea of
a Holy War. In such instances a war can be a
Holy War
The Qur’an says, ‘Allah will certainly help
those who stand up for Him’. This teaches
Muslims that if they are called to fight in a
Holy War then Allah is on their side and will
help them.
indiscriminate so no-one can guarantee that
only combatants will be killed
It is no longer the case that Muslims must
fight to ensure the existence of Islam, so it
becomes increasingly difficult to justify any
conflict as a Holy War.
Celebrations and commemorations
a) Outline three things Sunni Muslims do when celebrating Id-ul-Fitr. (3)
One thing Sunni Muslims do when they celebrate Id-ul-Fitr is give thanks to Allah for His
bounty. Another thing is give zakah. Another thing is they celebrate with family and friends.
c) Explain two reasons why commemorations are important for Muslims. SOWA. (5)
c) Explain two reasons why Muslims celebrate Id-ul-Adha. SOWA. (5)
One reason Muslims celebrate Id-ul-Adha is that the celebration honours the faithfulness of
Ibrahim. This teaches to be as faithful as him because he was willing to sacrifice his own son.
Another reason is that it reveals the mercy of Allah. In the Qur’an it says, ‘You have already
fulfilled the vision.” Indeed, this is how We reward the good doers.’ He demanded a huge
sacrifice from Ibrahim but was willing to accept just his intent to sacrifice before it was made.
d) “All Muslims should celebrate the same commemorations.” (15)
d) “Laylat al-Qadr is the most important goal of a Muslim.” (15)
d) “Celebrating Id is the best way to unite Muslims.” (15)
Equality exam questions
Human Rights
a) Outline three reasons why Muslims might support human rights. (3)
a) Outline three Muslim teachings that support human rights. (3)
c) Explain two reasons why many Muslims support human rights. SOWA. (5)
One reason why many Muslims support human rights is that Allah commands them to act justly.
In the Qur’an, Allah asks believers to be ‘witnesses in justice’ and not to let hatred prevent
justice. This means they should make sure everyone is treated fairly. Another reason is that
Human rights help to remove injustice from the world. This makes the world closer to what
Allah wants for his creation.
d) “You cannot be religious and not support human rights.” (12)
d) “Human rights are important in society.” (12)
agree
Disagree
Muslims are called by the Qur’an to be
Some aspects of human rights in the UK
witnesses for justice; human rights offer
contradict the teaching of Islam. For
everyone the right to fair treatment and the
example, the right for homosexuals to marry
right to complain if they do not receive it
and have a family contradicts the view that
homosexuality is wrong and should be
prohibited
Islam believes that all people are of worth
If everyone practiced the teachings of Islam
before Allah therefore all people deserve to
and cared for those around them there would
be treated with respect. Human rights entitle
people to life’s necessities such as food and
clean water
Muslims have compassion for the poor. They
give Zakah to support those in poverty.
Human rights aim to lift families out of
poverty, supporting Islamic ideals.
be no need for human rights since the ummah
would support those in need and protect the
weak and vulnerable
Although human rights laws exist in many
countries human rights are still regularly
abused suggesting that they are not treated
as significant. People, for example, still work
for wages that contravene human rights.
Equality
a) Outline three problems faced by Muslims because of inequality. (3)
One problem faced by Muslim because of inequality is that Muslims may live in poverty because
of extremes of wealth. Another problem is social unrest in Muslim areas caused by unfair
distribution of resources. Another problem is there may be a misuse of power by richer
countries to exploit poorer ones with Muslim populations.
a) Explain three Muslim practices that show equality. (3)
b) Explain two causes of inequality. (4)
b) Explain two things Muslims do that promote equality in society. (4)
One thing Muslims do to promote equality in society is regular payment of zakah and khums. This
redistributes wealth from the rich to the poor, promoting equality. Another thing is by not
charging interest on loans. This means the poor, by borrowing money, are not caught in a spiral
of debt.
c) Explain two reasons why Muslims believe inequality is wrong. SOWA. (5)
c) Explain two ways the teachings of Islam may help to reduce inequality in the
world. SOWA. (5)
One way the teachings of Islam may help to reduce inequality in the world is that Allah requires
justice. In the Qur’an it says ‘“God commands justice and fair dealing”. This means everyone who
commits a particular crime should receive the same punishment regardless of status. Another
way is that Islam forbids the charging of interest since this takes money from the poor and
gives it to the rich. The Qur’an says, ‘Allah has permitted trade and forbidden interest.’
Religious freedom
b) Explain two benefits of a multi-faith society. (4)
b) Explain two ways that living in a multi-faith society may be challenging for Muslims. (4)
b) Explain two reasons why non-religious people argue against aspects of religious freedom. (4)
b) Explain two reasons why religious freedom is important to Muslims. (4)
d) “There should be limits to religious freedom.” (12)
d) “Living in a multi-faith society benefits Muslims.” (12)
agree
disagree
The Qur’an teaches ‘there shall be no
Muslims may experience prejudice in an area
compulsion in religion’, so all should be
where they are the minority religion, due to a
treated with respect. Individuals can learn
lack of understanding and tolerance. For
more about each other’s faiths and come to
example, they may find it more difficult to
understand and respect each other
get jobs
Muslims can share their beliefs with others
It may be more difficult to find halal food
as commanded by the Qur’an. Their actions
locally. Muslims may have to travel a long way
provide a role model for society, leading to
conversion.
‘Your only duty is to deliver the message’
Muslim children attend school with those of
other faiths. They make friends outside the
faith thereby reducing the potential for
religious intolerance in the future.
to find appropriate food and restaurants in
order to fulfil their religious duties
Muslim children may learn about other faiths
in school and decide to abandon Islam and
convert to a different faith. This is contrary
to the teaching of the Qur’an and would be
very difficult for Muslim parents.
d) “Religious freedom shows that the society is fair.” (12)
agree
Disagree
The Qur’an says, ‘there is no compulsion in
Some Muslims may believe that the only truly
religion’. So many Muslims believe they must
fair society is one which operates on Islamic
show the value of Muslim life through their
principles. Therefore, every effort should be
lives rather than forcing others to accept it
made to convert non-Muslims, saving their
souls on Judgement Day
Prophet Muhammad was always fair and just.
Some non-religious people may argue that a
When he became ruler of Medina, he made it
multi-faith society may lead to religious
clear that those of other religions who had
intolerance and makes society more divided
formerly fought against him were to be
accepted as part of society
Non-religious people may agree since it
Some non-religious people may suggest that
upholds one of the basic tenets of Human
as society becomes more secular the
Rights legislation and respecting those of
importance of religious belief declines so
other faiths shows that society is tolerant
there would be no need for religious freedom
and caring
in a truly fair society
Prejudice and discrimination
a) Outline three examples of prejudice. (3)
a) Outline three benefits of living in a multi-ethnic society. (3)
c) Explain two reasons why Muslims oppose discrimination. SOWA. (5)
c) Explain two reasons why Muslims believe being prejudiced is wrong. SOWA. (5)
One reason Muslims believe being prejudiced is wrong is that the Qur’an says that it is a
person’s belief and action rather than gender that is important to Allah. This means that
prejudice based on gender is against His will. Another reason Muslims believe being prejudiced
is wrong is that Allah shows no prejudice. In the Qur’an it says, ‘We certainly sent into every
nation a messenger saying, “Worship Allah”’. This means that His message was intended for all
races and is indiscriminate,
Racial discrimination
a) Outline three Muslim beliefs about racial discrimination. (3)
One Muslim belief about racial discrimination is that Allah treats people of every race equally.
Another belief is that the Qur’an teaches Muslims to treat others with love and respect.
Another belief is that Allah created all races.
b) Explain two reasons why Muslims believe racial discrimination is wrong. (4)
One reason Muslims believe racial discrimination is the Qur’an commands Muslims to treat
everyone with justice. This means Muslims must treat people, even of a different race, fairly.
Another reason is that all people were created by Allah. This means that all people should be
treated with respect.
b) Explain two reasons why Muslims believe racial discrimination causes problems in
society. (4)
One reason why Muslims believe racial discrimination causes problems in society is that it’s
against the will of Allah. The Qur’an teaches Muslims to treat everyone with respect. Another
reason is that people are sometimes stereotyped because of their racial background. Muslims
may find themselves profiled this way as well.
b) Explain two causes of racial discrimination. (4)
c) Explain two reasons why many Muslims work to promote racial harmony. (5)
c) Explain two Muslim teachings opposed to racial discrimination. SOWA. (5)
d) “If everyone followed the teachings of Muhammad’s Final Sermon, there would be no racism.”
(12)
d) “Racial discrimination is the biggest issue in society today.” (12)
Social justice
b) Explain two reasons why Muslims support social justice. (4)
d) “Muslims need to do more to promote social justice.” (12)
d) “Working for social justice is the most important thing a Muslim can do.” (12)
Wealth and poverty
a) Outline three Muslim teachings about poverty. (3)
b) Explain two causes of poverty. (4)
Some Muslims may believe that a Muslim in poverty in the UK is due to the consequences of
personal sin. This is therefore the responsibility of the individual. Muslims may believe systemic
injustice in society results in an impoverished society. Some people are unjustifiably wealthy
whilst others are in poverty.
c) Explain two Muslim teachings about the use of wealth. Include a SOWA. (5)
d) “It is wrong to be wealthy.” (12)