‫בס"ד‬
‫ סיכום שנה‬-‫תרגול דקדוק‬
Modals
past
should have
could
was / were able to
--4
-had to
didn't have to
----
present
should / ought to2
can
am / is / are able to
must
must not
have / has to
may
future
--1
--3
will be able to
--will have to
won't have to
--
might
would
---
doesn't / don’t have to
‫עברית‬
)‫צריך (כדאי או ראוי מוסרית‬
‫יכול‬
‫מסוגל‬
)‫חייב (ע"פ חוק‬
5
‫אסור‬
-‫ עלי ל‬/)‫צריך (מציאותית‬
‫ לא צריך‬/ ‫לא חייב‬
7
6
; ‫בקשת רשות נימוסית ; מתן רשות‬
8
‫ייתכן‬/‫אפשר‬/‫אולי‬
9
‫ייתכן‬/‫אפשר‬/‫אולי‬
‫; הזמנה; מצב‬10‫הוראה נימוסית‬/‫בקשה‬
12
"‫; "עתיד בעבר‬11‫תיאורטי‬/‫מותנה‬
‫עתיד‬
will
Fill in the blanks with modals including "will"
1.
George ______________ go to his friend’s wedding because he has to work instead.
2.
I hope that you ___________________ speak English well by the year ‫ תש"פ‬.
3.
I’m thirsty13 – I ____________ drink some water.
4.
I'm too tired14 to finish the homework now – I ___________ wake up15 early tomorrow morning.
5.
Many years ago, Elisha _________________________ swim 10 kilometers, but now he is old and weak.
6.
Most of the students in our class _____________ read and write English.
7.
Mother, _________ I have another piece of cake?
8.
Next week we _________ start learning a poem called "Count That Day Lost."
will need to ‫ או‬will have to ‫ אז משתמשים ב‬,‫ בעתיד‬must ‫ או‬should ‫ אין‬1
ought to = should
2
will be able to ‫ אז משתמשים ב‬,‫ בעתיד‬can ‫ אין‬3
needed to ‫ או‬had to ‫ אז משתמשים ב‬,‫ בעבר‬must ‫אין‬
4
‫ = לא צריך‬don't have to & don't need to ‫ לבין‬,‫ = אסור‬must not ‫ יש הבדל גדול בין‬5
May I go to the bathroom?
6
Yes, you may. 7
He may learn in Mitzpeh next year. 8
I would like to visit Metzad = ‫הייתי רוצה לבקר במיצד‬
It might rain tomorrow.
9
Would you please open the book to page 114.
10
.‫ מקביל ל"היה" בעברית‬,‫" מציין מצב תיאורטי‬would'" 11
Yesterday, he said that he would come to class today. :‫למשל‬
12
‫ צמא‬13
‫ עייף‬14
wake up – ‫ לקום‬15
9.
Nadav ___________________ speak English very well.
10. Gerry took the book and said that he _________________ pay me later.
11. Netanel lost his dictionary – he _________________ find it because he needs it for the lesson.
12. ______________ you please close the window -- I'm cold!
13. The students _________________ sleep during the lesson.
14. When you left the room, you left the lights on. You ______________________ turned them off.16
15. You __________ eat at least two fruits every day – it's healthy.
16. You __________________ eat a lot of candy – it’s bad for your teeth.
17. If you prepare,17 you ____________ succeed on the next quiz.
18. "_____________ you like to come to my house after school?"
19. "What are your plans for next year?" "I haven't decided yet. 18 I _________ serve in the army, and I
_____________________ go to a yeshiva."
20,21,22. When you finish eating at the end of dinner, you _____________ _____________ throw away19
the disposable20 cup and plate – you ___________ leave them on the table and the ‫________________ תורנים‬
throw them away with the disposable tablecloth.21
Review of Basic Tenses, Future, and Modals
Conjugate the verbs and fill in the blanks in the following story:
1,2,3. Yesterday, Sally
4. Today, Sally
5. Sally
prepare
hope
6,7. She
arrive
know
in Australia. She _________ excited when we
her at the airport.
for her trip to the Outback.22
to spend two weeks in the Outback.
that the Outback _______ a dangerous place.
8,9,10. When we were at the hotel, I
bring
meet
tell
Sally, "You mustn't
go
off the main road! You must
enough food and water!"
11,12. Tomorrow, Sally
begin
her trip in the Outback. As we said, she
_____________(‫ (תהיה‬in the Outback for two weeks.
III. Fill in the blanks with the most suitable modal (modals p. 15)
13.
Now, Ariel is an old, fat man. He _______________ lose (= ‫ )לרדת ב‬weight. But when Ariel was a
teenager, he _______________ eat anything he wanted without getting fat.
14.
The tenth-grade students called the English teacher (in / at / on) Thursday and asked, "_______ we
come to your house on Friday night?"
15.
David broke Elyahiv's pencil. David __________________ buy a new pencil for Elyashiv.
16.
Jill lost her sunglasses. She ___________________ buy new sunglasses.
turn off – ‫ לכבות‬16
‫ אם תתכונן‬17
not yet – ‫ עדיין לא‬18
‫ להשליך‬19
‫פעמי‬-‫ חד‬20
)‫ מפת שולחן (חד פעמית‬21
‫ שמורת טבע ענקית באוסטרליה‬22
17.
Dvir says, "My family lives (in / at / on) a small apartment. If we had a big house, we
_______________ take in a Jewish girl whom Yad Leachim saved from an Arab village."
18.
Hezi lives (in / at / on) Bay Ayin. In order to buy a freezer, Hezi __________________ come to
Jerusalem.
19.
Last week, Rabbi Shmuel Eliyahu of Tsfat promised that his family _________________ take in a
Jewish girl whom Yad Leachim saved from an Arab village. (Not really).
20.
Michael is a yeshiva student. He ________________ read Yediot Aharonot.
21.
Now (‫)טבת תשס"ח‬, the train tracks (= ‫ )פסים‬are not yet ready for use. In the future, we
____________________ to ride on the train from Kiryat Moshe to the city center.
Write out the questions in English on each sentence.
Katy planned to make up23 with her friend at school.
1.
‫?______________________________________________________האם‬
2.
‫?___________________________________________________היכן‬
3.
‫?______________________________________________________מי תיכנן‬
Seven students were in the biology lesson.
4.
‫?______________________________________________________האם‬
5.
‫?________________________________________________כמה‬
6.
‫?____________________________________________________מי היה‬
We live without Ilan Ramon.
7.
‫?______________________________________________________האם‬
8.
‫?___________________________________________________מי חי ללא אילן‬
This month, Sally Lightfoot is visiting Australia.
9.
‫?______________________________________________________האם‬
10. ‫?______________________________________________________איפה היא מבקרת‬
11. ‫?______________________________________________________מי‬
Tomorrow, Lauren will win the competition.
12. ‫?______________________________________________________האם‬
13. ‫?______________________________________________________מתי‬
14. ‫?___________________________________________________מי‬
)‫ להשלים (אחרי מריבה‬23
‫ציון מקום‬
:‫מוסד‬
at
the electric company, the mall, a restaurant, the
university
‫"ב" ציון זמן‬
:‫ (וגם‬,‫שעה מדויקת‬
(night
‫ ולא במובן‬,‫ בעבודה' במובן הכללי‬/ ‫ כלומר 'נמצא בבית‬:‫מושג‬
‫של המבנה‬
home, work, school
:‫אירוע‬
on
a party, a wedding, a meeting, a soccer game
)‫ (אבל לא בתוך בניין סגור ולא על גבי משהו‬:‫מקום מסוים‬
the bus stop, the corner, the cash register
on the roof
‫על‬
floor/story, street, kibbutz/moshav/farm, island :‫וגם‬
Our house is on Maple Street. ‫כתובת ברחוב‬
‫ תאריך‬,‫יום בשבוע‬
get on a bus, a plane, a ship :‫בכלי תחבורה גדול‬
on the ‫במחשב‬
on the phone ‫בטלפון‬
on page / the sheet / the ‫ עמוד‬/ ‫ בדף‬internet/computer
on a trip ‫ לטיול‬test
in
:‫ בפנים‬,‫ בחדר‬,‫ מקום סגור‬,‫בתוך בניין‬
in the classroom, in the lesson, in his car
throw gum away in the garbage ‫לתוך‬
New York, Kiryat Moshe :‫ משכונה ומעלה‬,‫מקום גדול‬
,‫כל מה שאינו שעה מדויקת‬
:night ‫ תאריך או‬,‫יום בשבוע‬
,‫ מאה‬,‫ שנה‬,‫ עונה‬,‫חודש‬
'‫ וכו‬,‫ ערב‬,‫בוקר‬
in ‫ ולזכור שכל השאר זה‬,on ‫ ו‬at ‫ אפשר פשוט ללמוד את הכללים של‬.‫ הוא הכי נפוץ‬in
Fill in the blanks with: at in on
1. ____ 8:52 a.m.
2. ____ the fourth floor of our building
3. ____ December, 1968
4. ____ the evening
5. Eli got 95 ______ on the test.
6. ____ the twenty-third of Heshvan, ‫תשס"ד‬
7. Passover is ____ the spring
8. I ride _____ the number 18 bus
9. He works ____ the coca cola company.
10. ____ Iran
11. He sleeps _______ the lesson because he doesn't sleep ____ night.
12. ___ January
13. Avi works _____ a restaurant.
14. ____ Jackson's Island
15. We went _____ a trip to the Golan last summer.
Fill in the blanks with: at in on
1.
2.
3.
4.
George's apartment is __________ Ben Yehuda street.
Their penthouse is ________ the roof.
Mindy lives ________ the fourth floor of her building.
We will see you _____ the football game.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
We always learn Talmud ______ the evening.
I met her ________ a party.
He works ________ Anchorage, Alaska.
You can't talk to him right now because he is ________ the bathroom.
The lesson begins _________ 5:40 p.m.
Pesach this year will begin _______ April third.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
Moshe and Dror live _____ Usishkin Street
Michael lives _________ the eight floor of his building.
Orel's father is _________ work right now.
The Fast of Esther will be ___________ Thursday this year.
Yedid lives ____________ Ashkelo
____ Sunday
Our next vacation will be _____ the winter
I met Hezi _____ school
Yishai lives _______ Kiryat Malachi.
The teacher prepared the test ______ the computer
Meet me ______ the bus stop.
‫כינויי הגוף‬
‫נושא‬
I
you
he
she
we
they
it
‫מושא‬
me ‫ אותי‬,‫לי‬
you
him
her
us
them
it
‫ מיקום‬,‫שייכות‬
‫לפני הדבר‬
‫ששייך‬
‫ מיקום‬,‫שייכות‬
‫בסוף המשפט‬
my
your
his
her
our
their
its*
mine
yours
his
hers
ours
theirs
its
‫ עצמך‬,‫עצמי‬
'‫וכו‬
myself
yourself(ves)
himself
herself
ourselves
themselves
itself
I like my car - its engine is strong. ‫לא להתבלבל בין‬
Her dress is beautiful It's red with blue flowers. ‫לבין‬
Translate the words in bold
1.
‫המכונה פועלת בעצמה‬
2.
‫הבית שלנו גדול‬
3.
‫קח אותי‬
4.
‫הספר שלי ירוק‬
book is green
5.
‫הספר הזה הוא שלי‬
This book is
6.
.‫ המנוע שלו חזק‬.‫ זה האוטו‬This is the car.
7.
‫הילדים הלכו בעצמם‬
The machine works by _____________________
house is big
Take
engine is strong.
The boys went by
Words of Amount
‫פירוש‬
‫לא ספיר‬
‫מעט‬
a little
‫הרבה‬
?‫כמה‬
‫לא הרבה‬
much
how much...?
not much
‫ספיר‬
few
(a few = ‫ מספר‬,‫)כמה‬
many
how many...?
not many
some -- ‫ במשפט חיובי‬:‫ שימוש‬.‫ כלשהו‬:‫ פירושה‬,‫המילה לא נצרכת בעברית‬
any -- ‫ במשפט שלילי או שאלה‬:‫ שימוש‬.‫ בכלל‬/ ‫ כלשהו‬:‫ פירושה‬,‫המילה לא נצרכת בעברית‬
‫מתאים לשניהם‬
a lot of
not a lot of
the -- ‫"ה" הידיעה‬
a / an -- ‫לפני שם עצם ספיר יחיד‬
any -- /‫שאלה‬
‫שלילה‬
anybody, anyone
anywhere
anything
no -- ‫שלילה‬
every – ‫כל‬
some -- ‫בכלל‬/‫כלשהו‬
‫בכלל לא‬/‫גמורה‬
some of -- ‫חלק מ‬
nobody, no one
everybody, everyone somebody, someone
nowhere
everywhere
somewhere
nothing
everything
something
he she it – ‫ הפועל יהיה בגוף שלישי יחיד‬,‫עם הצירופים הנ"ל‬
1. We need to meet ____________________.
‫צריכים להיפגש איפהשהו‬
2. I hope I can find ________________________ who
‫אני מקווה שאפשר למצוא‬
...‫מישהו‬
will come with me to the kiosk.
... ‫יש סוכר‬
3. There is _______________ sugar in the bowl.
4. I saw _________________ of my friends from school
/ ‫משפט חיובי‬
‫קביעה‬
... ‫ראיתי חבריי מביה"ס‬
at the demonstration last night.
‫אוכלים כל יום‬
5. We eat _______ day.
‫כל‬
... ‫כולם אוהבים‬
6. _________________ likes gefilte fish.
‫מקום‬-‫הוא הולך לשום‬
7.
He is going _______________________.
8.
We have _________ chance of finding him.
9. __________________________________ to go with
you.
‫אין לנו שום סיכוי למצוא‬
‫אותו‬
‫אף אחד לא רוצה ללכת‬
‫איתך‬
‫אין לנו שום סיכוי‬
10. We don't have _______ chance.
11. I couldn't find ________________________ to join
... ‫לא יכולתי למצוא מישהו‬
me.
‫אין ביטוי נוסף‬
‫של שלילה‬
‫במשפט‬
‫מצטרף לביטוי‬
‫של שלילה‬
‫במשפט‬
‫שאלה‬
12. Is there ____________ sugar left?
13. Does _____________________ want to come with me
to the kiosk?
Translate the words in bold
1.
I hope I can find ‫ מישהו‬who will come with me to the kiosk.
2.
Is there ‫ בכלל‬sugar left?
3.
There is ‫ כלשהו‬sugar in the bowl.24
4.
We don't have ‫ שום‬chance.
5.
We need to meet ‫איפהשהו‬.
6.
‫ אף אחד‬wants to go with you.
7.
‫ כולם‬likes gefilte fish.
‫ בקערה‬24
Relative Pronouns ‫כינויים זוקקים‬
‫כל המילים להלן בטור האמצעי משמשות כ "ש" בעברית‬
1.
‫ברירת מחדל‬
that
2.
person (‫)נושא‬
who
3.person (‫)מושא‬
whom
4.
‫ במיוחד‬,‫מידע אגבי‬
‫בסוגריים או בין פסיקים‬
5.
thing (‫אחרי מילת יחס‬
-- in, on, by, to, about)
6.
place ( ",‫במובן "שבו‬
"‫)"איפה ש‬
7.
time ( ",‫(במובן "שבו‬
which
which
where
when
"‫"מתי ש‬
8.
Possession -- ‫שייכות‬
whose
"Word" is a program that allows the
computer to write.
Davey is a boy who lives in Kalkilya.
George is a terrorist whom the army
arrested on Sunday.
This book, which I bought last Monday, is
really interesting.
This is the computer on which I wrote the
quiz.
Bethlehem is the city where Johnny lives.
Tu Bishvat is the holiday when we plant
trees.
She is the teacher whose quizzes are
difficult.
who whom whose :‫"ש" שמתייחס לאדם יכול להיות רק אחד משלש‬

4 ‫ כל שאר הכללים גוברים על כלל‬,‫במקרה של התנגשות‬

Fill in the blanks with a relative pronoun
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Iran is a country ________________ beautiful rugs are made.25
The Yeshiva about ____________ you are talking is an excellent institution.26
The student __________________ just came in the room is late.
Our school, ______ is located27 in Jerusalem, is the best school in the country.
He is one of the students ______________ parents are very worried about the rats in the dormitory.28
The bus on _________________ I rode this morning smelled bad.
The hotel _________________ we stayed for a week is fantastic.
The lesson _______________ is going on right now will end in 12 minutes.
The teacher _______________ you said was easy gave me a 40 on the last test.
10.
Applicants29 _____ have not yet met with Rabbi Eschar must meet with him immediately.
11.
This is the book _____________ I borrowed30 from Tzvi.
12. This is the new book store about _______________ I told you.
13. He is the terrorist ___________ brother was interviewed31 on CNN last night.
‫ שטיחים יפים מיוצרים‬25
‫ מוסד‬26
‫ ממוקם‬/ ‫ נמצא‬27
‫ העכברים בפנימייה‬28
)‫ מועמדים (רביעיסטים שרוצים להתקבל לישיבה‬29
‫ שאלתי‬30
‫ התראיין‬31
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Hanuka is the holiday _________________ we light candles.
‫ נועם‬is the elementary school32 ________________ Yonatan learned.
The chair on ___________ you are sitting was bought by the school in 1960.
The subject33 _____________ we're learning.
The teacher ________________ lives on the Mount of Olives.
The place ______________ we learn.
The rabbi ________________ beard is white.
The student _______________ I am watching.
French fries,34 ________________ I love, are served35 here often.
Comparison of Adjectives
‫מילה קצרה‬
‫מילה ארוכה‬
‫יותר‬
‫פחות‬
________er
than
less _____
than
more
_________
than
‫הכי‬
‫הכי פחות‬
‫במידה שוה‬
the
the least
as _______
______est
as
the most
________
good - better – the best
bad - worse - the worst
Add whatever is missing to the following sentences
1. Dvir is a lawyer. Arieh is in the Mossad. Arieh _________________ adventurous _______ Dvir.
2. The 9th of Av ____________ sad ________ day of the year.
3. Dvir's car drives at 120 km/h. Arieh's car drives at 150 km/h. Dvir's car drives ________ fast ________ Arieh's car.
4. Similac __________ healthy __________ food for babies.
5. Today ________________ exciting __________ day of his life -- he is meeting the Prime Minister.
6. Lior __________________beautiful ____________ Yehiel.
7. Daniel's neighborhood (Kiryat Moshe)__________________ dangerous _______________ Yinon's neighborhood
(the Muslim Quarter36 of the Old City).
8. Dvir comes to every class and pays attention.37 Arieh plays basketball during the lesson.
______________ serious38 student _____________ Dvir.
Arieh
9. On Independence39 Day we feel _____________ happy _________ on the 9th of Av.
10. Oranges are _____________ sweet __________ sugar.
‫ בי"ס יסודי‬32
)‫ מקצוע (נלמד‬/ ‫ נושא‬33
‫ צ'יפס‬34
‫ מוגשים‬35
‫ רובע‬36
‫ מתרכז בשיעור‬37
‫ רציני‬38
‫ העצמאות‬39
11. Yehiel _________________serious __________ student in the class.
12. Didi ________________huge _____________ student in the class.
gerund ‫ או שם הפעולה‬infinitive ‫שם הפועל‬
reading "‫ כלומר שם הפעולה (למשל "קריאה‬ing‫רשימת הדברים שאחריהם צריך להשתמש בצורה ה‬
:)to read "‫במקום "לקרוא‬
‫ בראש משפט‬
in on at by about with without before after for ‫ אחרי מילת יחס כגון‬
:‫ אחרי הפעלים‬
start/begin/continue/stop/finish
enjoy/prefer/like/love/hate/avoid
)‫ב‬
‫הנאה‬/‫ א) העדפה‬:‫קל לזכור רשימת הפעלים הזו כיון שהיא מתחלקת לשני נושאים כללים‬
‫סיים‬/‫המשך‬/‫התחל‬
He wrote his brother a letter, asking for help. :"-‫ "תוך ש‬/ "‫לציין "כש‬

(To convince / convincing) the King (to agree / agreement) to the destruction of the Jews was much easier than Haman
had expected.
After (to sober / sobering) up,40 the King missed Vashti.
Esther made the King jealous by (to invite / inviting) Haman to the party.
Esther was afraid (to enter / entering) the King's room without an invitation.41
Haman came (to visit / visiting) the King very early in the morning.
Close your mouth when (to eat / eating).
My advice for Purim day is: start (to drink / drinking) after you pray minha.
Please write the essay (to use / using) a pen.
The King ordered Vashti to come to the party (to wear / wearing) her crown.42
. To be honest,43 I prefer (to teach / teaching) at this school.
. Haman didn't realize that Esther planned (to ask / asking) the King (to kill / killing) him.
Passive
past simple
)‫ התפכח (מיינו‬40
‫ ללא הזמנה‬41
‫ כתר‬42
‫ למען האמת‬43
active
V1 + ed (but there are many irregulars)
passive
was/were + V3
Last night, the girl’s hair (to brush) by her mother..
.1
An agreement (to sign) between Israel and the Palestinian Authority at the Wye Plantation in 1998.
.2
A calf (to choose) by Abraham, but cakes (to make) by Sarah.
.3
Who (to brush) the girl’s hair last night?
.4
Several presents (to buy) by father for Sarel’s birthday.
.5
?‫ _____האם החיבור נכתב אמש‬the essay (to write) last night?
Several people (to kill) in car accidents on Saturday.
.6
.7