See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332472354 Section: General and Cultural Anthropology of Death Bibliography Research · April 2019 DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.29869.95206 CITATIONS READS 0 2,975 1 author: Michael Hochrein La Roche University 47 PUBLICATIONS 140 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: A Bibliography Related to Crime Scene Interpretation with Emphases in Forensic Geotaphonomic and Forensic Archaeological Field Techniques View project All content following this page was uploaded by Michael Hochrein on 17 April 2019. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. (Source: Hamilton Evening Journal, Saturday, January 28, 1928) General and Cultural Anthropology of Death The use of cultural anthropology in examining ritual or cult crime scenes is well documented. The compiler contends that a general knowledge of various cultures’ attitudes toward death and the handling of the dead, may become useful in analyzing inter- and intra-cultural homicides. This is not to say that homicides are committed in the same manner a traditional death or burial/disposal might be treated. We all carry, however, “cultural baggage” which has ingrained beliefs, customs, rituals, and practices to a degree where they might be subconsciously acted on in the commission and concealment of crimes. The compiler is aware of at least one reported case in which, when interviewed, the subject claimed he had to bury the spouse he just killed in a particular place and position, because of the family’s religious and cultural background. Articles related to prehistoric burials are included for the contextual information they may provide. They offer an evolutionary view, across cultures, of funerary customs and perspectives on death. Citations in this section may be inter-related to those under "Criminal and Cultural Behavior" and even "Taphonomy-Decomposition" ie. bog bodies. This section is even more closely related to the next concerning "Criminal and Cultural Behavior". (1473 citations) Abatelli, Carol 1991 Ethics of Reburial: Perspectives from Southern New England. Masters of Arts Thesis, Manhattanville College, State University of New York, Purchase, NY. 1993 Ethics of Reburial: Two Case Studies from Southern New England. Man in the Northeast, 45:87-100. Abercrombie, J.R. 1979 Palestinian Burial Practices from 1200 to 600 B.C.E. PhD Thesis, University of Pennsylvania. Abraham, Terry, and Priscilla and Wegars 2003 Urns, Bones and Burners: Overseas Chinese Cemeteries. Australasian Historical Archaeology, 21:58-69. Achtė, Kalle 1980 Death and Ancient Finnish Culture. In Richard A. Kalish, editor, Death and Dying: Views from Many Cultures, Baywood Publishing, Farmingdale, NY, pp.3-13. Adams, J.A. 1986 Project Understanding: A National Study of Cremation. National Foundation of Funeral Services, Des Plaines, Illinois 2774 Adams, J.F.A. 1875 Cremation and Burial: An Examination of Their Relative Advantages. Wright & Potter, Boston, Massachusetts Agelarakis, Anagnostis P., Samuel Paley, Yosef Porath, and Jennifer Winick 1998 The Chalcolithic Burial Cave in Ma'avarot, Israel, and Its Palaeoanthropological Implications. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 8(6):431443. Agutter, Paul S., M. Shoja Mohammadali, R. Shane Tubbs, Mohammad Rexa Rashidi, Majid Khalili, Seyed Fazel Hosseini, Kamyar Ghabili, Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol, and Marios Loukas 2013 Hysterical Paralysis and Premature Burial: A Medieval Persian Case, Fear and Fascination in the West, and Modern Practice. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 20(3):133-135. Ahern, Emily M. 1973 The Cult of the Dead in a Chinese Village. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA. Aiken, L.R. 1994 Dying, Death and Bereavement. Third edition. Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA. Albery, N., G. Elliot, and J. Elliot, editors, The Natural Death Handbook. Virgin, London, UK. Alekshin, V.A. 1983 Burial Customs as an Archaeological Source. Current Anthropology, 24(2):137-149. Alexander, M. 1980 The Rigid Embrace of the Narrow House: Premature Burial and the Signs of Death. Hastings Cent Rep,10:25-31. Alger, Alexander 1996 The New (and More Convenient) American Way of Death. Forbes, 158(10):324-326. Ali, A.K. 1962 Introduction to Islamic Culture. Mohammadi Book House, Dacca, Pakistan. Allen, Francis D. 1822 Documents and Facts Showing the Fatal Effects of Interments in Populous Cities. F.D. Allen, New York, New York Allison, M.J., and A. Pezzia 1974 Preparation of the Dead in Pre-Colombian Coastal Peru. Paleopathology Newsletter, 5:7-9. Alison, Newby, C., D.M. Riley, and T.O. Leal-Almeraz 2006 Mercury Use and Exposure Among Santeria Parctitioners: Religious Versus Folk Practice in Northern New Jersey, USA. Ethn Health, 11:287-306. Al-Saif, D.M., M.A. Al-Faraidy, M.S> Madadin, M.I. Al-Bayat, K.S. Al-Sowayigh, G.A. Al-Shamsi, M.R. ALdossary, O.M. Al-Madani, and M.A. Kharoshah 2016 The Attitude of People with an Arabic Islamic Cultural Background toward Medico-legal Autopsy. Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 48(5):557-563. Al-Waheeb, S., N. Al-Kandary, and K. Aljerian 2015 Forensic Autopsy Practice in the Middle East: Comparison with the West. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 32:4-9. American Monument Association 1947 Memorial Symbolism, Epitaphs and Design Types. American Monument Association, Olean, New York. Anderson, B.G. 1965 Bereavement as a subject of Cross-Cultural Inquiry: An American Sample. Anthropology Quarterly, 38:181-200. Anderson, Sue, and Katherine Boyle 1996 Ritual Treatment of Human and Animal Remains: Proceedings of the First Meeting of the Osteoarchaeological Research Group, Cambridge, 1994, Oxbow Books, Oxbow. Anderson, T.E. 1962 The Human Skeleton, A Manual for Archaeologists. National Museum of Canada, Ottawa, Canada. Anderson, T., and K. Parfitt 1998 Two Unusual Burials from Medieval Dover. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 8(2):123-124. Anderton, Douglas, L. and Susan I. Hautaniemi 2004 Grammars of Death: An Analysis of Nineteenth-Century Literal Causes of Death from the Age of Miasmas to Germ Theory. Social Science History, 28:111-143. Andrushko, V.A., A.W. Schwitalla, and P.L. Walker 2775 2010 Trophy-taking and Dismemberment as Warfare Strategies in Prehistoric Central California. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 141:83-96. Anima, N. 1978 Childbirth and Burial Practices Among Philippine Tribes, Omar Publishing, Quezon City, Philippines. Andrews, Norwood 2010 To Do No Harm: Medicine and the Death Penalty in England and Texas. In G. Bakken, editor, Invitation to an Execution: A History of the Death Penalty in the United States. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp.285-319. Andrews, P. and S. Bello 2006 Pattern in Human Burial Practice. In R. Gowland and C. Knusel, editors, Social Archaeology of Funerary Remains, Oxbow Books, Oxford, UK. pp.14-29. Andrushko, Valerie A., Michele R.Buzon, Arminda M. Gibaja, Gordon F. McEwan, Antonio Simonetti, and Robert A. Creaser 2011 Investigating a Child Sacrifice Event from the Inca Heartland. Journal of Archaeological Science, 38(2):323-333. Anonymous 1874 Cremation as a Mode of Interment, and Related Subjects. Boston Public Library Bulletins, 2(30):268. 1884 History of the Movement in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Lancaster Cremation and Funeral Reform Society, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 1886 Report on Cremation. Journal of the American Medical Association, 6(22):606-607. 1973 Fire as a Symbol and as a Weapon of Death. Medicine Science and the Law, 13(2):79-86. 1994 Female Genital Mutilation: Report No. 47. Queensland Law Reform Comission, North Quay, Australia. 2003 Dead Space: St. Louis Cemetery No. 1. Historic Preservation Program, Graduate School of Fine Arts, University of Pennsylvania, Philadlephia http://cml.upenn/nola/14project/L1projecthome.html Anson, Tim J., and Maciej Henneberg 2004 A Solution for the Permanent Storage of Historical Skeletal Remains for Research Purposes: A South Australian Precedent that Keeps Scientists and the Church Community Happy. Australian Archaeology, 58:15-18. Anthony, Sian 2015 Hiding the Body: Ordering Space and Allowing Manipulation of Body Parts within Modern Cemeteries. In Sarah Tarlow, editor, The Archaeology of Death in Post-medieval Europe De Guyter Limited, Warsaw, Poland/Berlin, Germany, pp.170-188. Anthony, Z. and Bhana K. Kastoor 1989 An Exploratory Study of Muslim Girls' Understanding of Death. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 19(3):215-227. Antón, and D.W. Steadman 2003 Mortuary Patterns in Burial Caves on Mangaia, Cook Islands. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 13(3):132-146. Anyanwu, G.E., O. Udemezue, and E.N. Obikili 2011 Dark Age of Sourcing Cadavers in Developing Countries: A Nigerian Survey. Clinical Anatomy, 24(7):831-836. Appleby, J.E.P. 2011 Bodies, Burials and Ageing: Accessing the Temporality of Old Age in Prehistoric Societies. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 30(3):231-246. Arcini, C. 2005 Pyre Sites Before Our Eyes. In T. Artelius, and F. Svanberg, editors, Dealing with the Dead. Archaeological Perspective on Prehistoric Scandinavian Burial Ritual. Swedish Naitonal Heritage Board, Stockholm, Sweden. pp.63-72. Arden, Harvey 1989 Who Owns the Past? National Geographic, 175(3): 376-392. Armit, I. 2006 Inside Kurtz's Compound: Headhunting and the Human Body in Prehistoric Europe. In M. Bonogofsky, editor, Skull Collection, Modification and Decoration, Oxford, UK. pp.1-14. Armit, Ian, Anomi Neale, Fiona Shapland, Hannah Bosworth, Derek Hamilton, and Jo McKenzie 2013 The Ins and Outs of Death in the Iron Age: Complex Funerary Treatments at Broxmouth Hillfort, East Lothian. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 32(1):73-100. Arnal, Jean 1973 Sue les Dolmens et Hypogées des Pays Latins: Les V-Boutons. In Glyn Daniel and Poul Kjærum, editors, Jutland Archaeological Society 2776 Publications, 11, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 221-226. Arnold, Bettina, and Nancy L. Wicker (editors) 2001 Gender and the Archaeology of Death. Altamira Press, Walnut Creek, CA. (ISBN: 0-7591-0137-X) Arriaza, Bernardo T. 1995 Beyond Death, The Chinchorro Mummies of Ancient Chile. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. (ISBN: 1-56098-512-7) Ariès, Philippe 1974 Western Attitudes Toward Death: From the Middle Ages to the Present. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. (also cited as published by Galen Press, Tucson, Arizona) 1981 The Hour of Our Death. Harmondsworth. (also cited as published by Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York, and Penguin Books in 1983) 1985 Images of Man and Death. New York. Arnold, Bettina and Nancy L. Wicker 2001 Gender and the Archaeology of Death. Alta Mira Press, Walnut Creek, California. (ISBN: 0-7591-0137-X or 0-7591-0136-1) Arriaza, B. 1995 Beyond Death: The Chinchorro Mummies of Ancient Chile. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. Artamonov, M.L. 1965 Frozen Tombs of the Scythians. Scientific American, 212: 101-109. Ascenzi, Antonio, Aidan Cockburn, and Ekkehard Kleiss 1980 Miscellaneous Mummies. In Aidan Cockburn and Eve Cockburn, editors, Mummies, Disease, and Ancient Cultures, Cambridge University Press, London, UK, pp.224-238. Ashbee, Paul 1970 The Earthen Long Barrow in Britain, J.M. Dent, London, UK Aspöck, Edeltraud 2009 The Relativity of Normality: An Archaeological and Anthropological Study of Deviant Burials and Different Treatment at Death. PhD Thesis, University of Reading, Reading, England Aten, Lawrence E., Charles K. Chandler, Al B. Wesolowsky, and Robert M. Malina 1976 Excavations at the Harris County Boys' School Cemetery: Analysis of Galveston Bay Area Mortuary Practices. Texas Archaeological Society, Special Publication, Number 3, Dallas, Texas. Atkinson, David 1999 Magical Corpses: Ballads, Intertextuality, and the Discovery of Murder. Journal of Folklore Research, 36: Attig, T. 1996 How We Grieve: Relearning the World.Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. Attneave, C. 1982 American Indians and Alaska Native Families: Emigrants in Their Own Homeland. in Ethnicity and Family Therapy, M. McGoldrick, J.K. Pearce, and J. Gordinano, editors. Guilford Press, New York. Avni, Gideon, and Zvi Greenhut 1996 Architecture, Burial Customs and Chronology. In The Akeldama Tombs: Three Burial Caves in the Kidron Valley, Jerusalem. G. and Z.G. Avni editors, IAA Reports, Volume 1, Ahva Press, Jerusalem, pp. 1-39. Baadsgaard, Aubrey, Alexis T. Boutin, and Jane E.Buikstra 2012 Breathing New Life into the Evidence ofDeath Contemporaryh Approaches to Bioarchaeology. School for Advanced Research Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico. Baby, Ray S. 1954 Hopewell Cremation Practices. Papers in Archeology, 1. Ohio Historical Society, pp.1-7. Bachelor, Philip 2004 Sorrow and Solace:The Social World of the Cemetery. Baywood Publishing, Amityville, New York Bachman, David C., and Wade P. Catts 1990 Final Archaeological Investigations of the Lafferty Lane Cemetery, 7K-D-111, State Route 1 Relief Corridor, Dover, Kent County, 2777 Delaware. Delaware Department of Transportation, Archaeology Series 80, Dover, DE. Bachman, Ronet 1992 Death and Violence on the Reservation: Homicide, Family Violence, and Suicide in American Indian Populations. Auburn House, New York, NY. Bacvarov, K. 2008 Babies Reborn: Infant/child Burials in Pre- and Proto-history. BAR International Series 1832, Archaeopress, Oxford, UK. Badgam, P., and L. Badgam 1987 Death and Immortality in the Religions of the World. Paragon House, New York. Bahn, Paul G. 1997 Bodies of the Bogs. Archaeology, July/August, 50(4): 62-67. Bahn, Paul G. (editor) 1998 Tombs, Graves and Mummies, Phoenix Illustrated, London, England. Bailey, James Blake 1896 The Diary of a Resurrectionist. S. Sonnenschein, London, UK. Bakken, Gordon Morris 2010a Invitation to an Execution: A History of the Death Penalty in the United States. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico (ISBN: 978-0-8263-4856-2) 2010b Introduction II: Regional Analysis of the Death Penalty. In G. Bakken, editor, Invitation to an Execution: A History of the Death Penalty in the United States. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp.193-201. Baldwin, Robert 1985 Intrusive Burial Groups in the Late Roman Cemetery at Lankhills, Winchester--A Reassessment of the Evidence. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 4(1):93-104. Ball, Donald B. 1977a Observations on the Form and Function of Middle Tennessee Gravehouses. Tennessee Anthropologist, 2(1):29-62. 1977b Wooden Gravemarkers: Neglected Items of Material Culture. Tennessee Folklore Society Bulletin, 43(4):167-185. Ball, J.F. 1977 Widows Grief: The Impact of Age and Mode of Death. Omega,7:307-333. Ball, James Moores 1928 The Sack-'Em-Up Men: An Account of the Rise and Fall of the Modern Resurrectionists. Oliver and Boyd, London, UK. Bamousa, Manal Saeed, Suha Al-Fehaid, Osama Al-Madani, Salah Al Moghannam, Sherien Galeb, Mohammed Youssef, and Magdy A.A. Kharoshah 2016 The Islamic Approach to Modern Forensic and Legal Medicine Issues. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 37(2):127-131. Barber, Edwin A. 1877 Aboriginal Funereal Customs in the United States. American Naturalist, 11(4): 197-204. Barber, Elizabeth Wayland 1999 The Mummies of Űrümchi. W.W. Norton & Company, New York, NY. Barber, J., P. Halstead, H. James, and F. Lee 1989 An Unusual Iron Age Burial at Hornish Point, South Uist' Antiquity, 63:773-778. Barber, P. 1988 Vampires, Burial and Death Folklore and Reality. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT. Barber, Russell J. 1993 The Agua Mansa Cemetery: An Indicator of Ethnic Identification in a Mexican-American Community. In Richard E. Meyer, editor, Ethnicity and the American Cemetery Traditions, Bowling Green State University Popular Press, Bowling Green, OH. Bardis, P.D. 1981 History of Thanatology: Philosophical, Religious, Psychological, and Sociological Ideas Concerning Death from Primitive Times to the Present. University Press of America, Lanham, MD. 2778 Barfield, Lawrence 1994 The Iceman reviewed. Antiquity, 68: 10-26. Bar-Gal, Y., and M. Azaryahu 1998 Israeli Cemeteries and Jewish Tradition - Two Cses.In H. Brodsky, editor, Visions of Land and Community, University of Maryland Press, CollegePark, MD. pp. 105-128. Barley, Nigel 1997a Grave Matters: A Lively History of Death Around the World. Henry Holt and Company. (ISBN: 0805048243) 1997b Dancing on the Grave: Encounters with Death, Abacus, London, UK. Barrett, John C. 1992 Comment. Archaeological Review from Cambridge, 11(1): 157-162. Bartel, Brad 1982 A historical review of ethnological and archaeological analyses of mortuary practice. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 1(1): 3258. Bass, W.M. 1983 The Occurrence of Japanese Trophy Skulls in the United States. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 28(3):800-803. Bass, W.M., D. Evans, and D.H. Ubelaker 1971 The Leavenworth Site Cemetery: Archaeology and Physical Anthropology. In Anthropology, 2. University of Kansas Publications. Bassett, S. (editor) 1992 Death in Towns: Urban Responses to the Dying and the Dead, 100-1600. Leicester University Press, UK Bathrick, M. D. and C.M. Niquette 1994 Bibliography of Funeral and Burial Practices. http://www.wings.buffalo.edu/academic/department/anthropology/documents/deathbib Baumler, Ellen 2010 Capital Punishment and Executions in Montana. In G. Bakken, editor, Invitation to an Execution: A History of the Death Penalty in the United States. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp.339-351. Beattie, O. and J. Geiger 1987 Frozen in Time: Unlocking the Secrets of the Franklin Expedition. E.P. Dutton, New York, NY. Beck, Lane Anderson 1995 Regional Approaches to Mortuary Analysis, Plenum Press, New York. Beck, L.A., and A.K. Sievert 2005 Mortuary Pathways Leading to the Cenote at Chichen Itza.In G.F.M. Rakita, J.E. Buikstra, L.A. Beck, and S.R. Williams, editors, Interacting with the Dead: Perspectives on Mortuary Archaeology for the New Millenium, University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. pp.290-340. Becker, C. 1973 Problems of the Megalithic "Mortuary Houses" in Denmark. In Glyn Daniel and Poul Kjaerum, editors, Megalithic Graves and Ritual, Jutland Archaeological Society, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 75-79. Beier, L.M. 1989 The Good Death in Seventeenth Century Great Britain. R. Houlbrooke, editor, Death, RItual and Bereavement,Routledge, London, UK. pp.43-61. Beinert, H.D. 1991 Skull Cult in the Prehistoric Near East. Journal of Prehistoric Religion, 5:9-23. Beisaw, A.M. 2000 Cultural Influences on the Differential Decomposition of Animal Bone. A Presentation before the Society of American Archaeology, Philadelphia, PA. Béland, B. 1984 Comments on Fire Investigation Procedures. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 29(1): Belfer-Cohen, Anna, and Erella Hovers 1992 In the Eye of the Beholder: Mousterian and Natufian Burials in the Levant. Current Anthropology, 33(4):463-471. 2779 Bell, Edward L. 1987 The Historical Archaeology of Mortuary Behavior at a Nineteenth-Century Almshouse Burial Ground. Unpublished Masters Thesis, Department of Archaeology, Boston University, Massachusetts. 1990 The Historical Archaeology of Mortuary Behavior: Coffin Hardware from Uxbridge, Massachusetts. Historical Archaeology, 24:54-78. 1994 Vestiges of Mortality and Remembrance: A Bibliography on the Historical Archaeology of Cemeteries. Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, N.J. Bellous, Betty Marie 1989 More About Graveshelters. Newsletter of the Association for Gravestone Studies, 14(1):1-3. Bement, Leland C. 1994 Hunter-Gatherer Mortuary Practices during the Central Texas Archaic. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas. Bendann, E. 1930 Death Customs: An Analytical Study of Burial Rites, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, NY. 1969 Death Customs: An Analytical Study of Burial Rites. Dawsons of Pall Mall, London, UK. Bengston, V.L., J.A. Cuellear, and P.K. Ragon 1976 Group Contrasts in Attitudes Toward Death: Variation by Race, Age, Occupation, Status, and Sex. unpublished manuscript. Benjamin, Kathy 2013 Funerals to Die For. Adams Media, A Division of F+W Media, Incorporated, Avon, Massachusetts (ISBN: 978-1-4405-5707-1) Bennett, Agneta 1989 Iron Age Graves as Social and Religious Symbols. In Thomas B. Larson, and Hans Lundmark, editors, Approaches to Swedish Prehistory, Bar International Series, 500, Oxford, UK, pp.367-372. Benson, Donna Lynn 1985 "Prepare for Death and Follow Me": Perceptions of Death in Pleasant Bottoms. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Ohio Valley Urban and Historic Archaeology, Donald B. Ball and Philip J. Diblasi, editors, Archaeological Survey, University of Louisville, pp.4854. Benson, Elizabeth P. (editor) 1975 Death and the Afterlife in Pre-Columbian America. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, D.C. Berger, A., et al. (editors) 1989 Perspectives on Death and Dying: Cross-cultural and Multi-disciplinary Views. Charles Press, Philadelphia, PA. Berman, Rochel U. 2005 Dignity Beyond Death: The Jewish Preparation for Burial, Urim, New York, New York Bermingham, Edward J. 1881 The Disposal of the Dead: A Plea for Cremation. Bermingham & Company, New York, New York Bernard, Hugh Y. 1966 The Law of Death and Disposal of the Dead. Oceana Publications, Dobbs Ferry, New York 1979 The Law of Death and Disposal of the Dead, 2nd edition, Oceana Publishing, Dobbs Ferry, NY. Berryman, Hugh E., William M. Bass, Steven A. Symes, and O'Brian C. Smith 1991 Recognition of Cemetery Remains in the Forensic Setting. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 36(1):230-237. Bertašius, M., and L. Daugnora 2001 Viking Age Horse Graves from Kaunas Region, (Middle Lithuania). International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 387-399. Bertilsson, Ulf 1986 Rock Carvings and Grave: Spatial Relationships. In Gro Steinsland, editor, Words and Objects: Towards a Dialogue Between Archaeology and History of Religion, Norwegian University Press, Oslo, Norway, pp. 9-20. Billiman, Brian R., Patricia M. Lambert, and L. Leonard Banks 2000 Cannibalism, Warfare, and Drought in the Mesa Verde Region during the Twelfth Century A.D. American Antiquity, 65:145-178. Binford, Lewis 1971 Mortuary Practices: Their Study and Potential. In Approaches to the Social Dimensions of Mortuary Practices, J.A. Brown, editor, Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology, No. 25, pp. 6-29. 2780 Bienert, H.D. 1991 Skull Cult in the Prehistoric Near East. Journal of Prehistoric Religion, 5:9-23. Binford, Lewis R. 1971 Mortuary Practices: Their Study and Their Potential. In J.A.Brown, editor, Approaches to the Social Dimensions of Mortuary Practices, Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology, 25:6-29. (also cited as published in American Antiquity, 36(3):6-29. Bird, J.B. 1975 The Copper Man: A Prehistoric Miner and his Tools from Northern Chile. Dumbarton Oaks Conference on Pre-Columbian Metallurgy of South America. Washington, D.C. Black, Lindsay 1941 Burial Trees, Roberts and Mullins, Melbourne Blackburn, E.T. 1970 Middle Helladic Graves and Burial Customs with Special Reference to Lerna in the Argolid. PhD Dissertation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH. Blair, J. 2009 The Dangerous Dead in Early Medieval England. In S. Baxter, C. Karkov, J.L. Nelson, and D. Pelteret, editors, Early Medieval Studies in Memory of Patrick Wormald Farnham, Surrey, UK, pp.539-560. Blakely, Robert L. and Judith M. Harrington (editors) 1997 Bones in the Basement: Covert Medical Practices in Nineteenth-Century Georgia. Smithsonian Institution Press. (ISBN: 1560987502) Blau, Soren 2001 Fragmentary Endings: A Discussion of Third-Millenium B.C. Burial Practices in the Oman Peninsula. Antiquity, 75:557-570. Blauner, R. 1966 Death and Social Structure. Psychiatry, 29:379-394. Blažková, Gabriela, Martin Omelka, and Otakara Řebounová 2015 Death and Burial in Post-medieval Prague. In Sarah Tarlow, editor, The Archaeology of Death in Post-medieval Europe De Guyter Limited, Warsaw, Poland/Berlin, Germany, pp.204-221. Bliatout, Bruce Thowpaou 1980a Causes and Treatment of Hmong Mental Health Problems. A paper presented to the National Refugee Conference, Irvine, CA. 1980b Mental Health Problems of the Hmong Refugees in the United States. A paper presented to the Pan-Asian Conference at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. 1982a Hmong Sudden Unexpected Nocturnal Death Syndrome. Sparkle Publishing Enterprises, Portland, OR. 1982b Understanding the Differences Between Asian and Western Concepts of Mental Health and Illness: Hmong and Lao. in Refugee Mental Health: Paths to Understanding and Helping, Department of Health and Human Services-Region VII, Kansas City, Missouri. pp. 17-28. 1990 Hmong Beliefs about Health and Illness. in Hmong Forum, Volume 1, S. Young, editor, Haiv Hmoob, Minneapolis, MN. 1993 Hmong Death Customs: Traditional and Acculturated. in Ethnic Variations in Dying, Death, and Grief: Diversity in Universality, Donald P. Irish, Kathleen F. Lundquist, and Vivian Jenkins Nelson editors, Taylor and Francis, Washington, D.C. pp.79-100. Bloch, M. 19971 Placing the Dead, Tombs, Ancestral Villages and Kinship Organisation in Madagascar. Seminar Press, London, UK. 1982 Death, Women and Power. In M. BlocH and J. Parry, editors, Death and the Regeneration of Life, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 211-230. Bloch, M. and J. Parry 1982 Death and the Regeneration of Life. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Bloch-Smith, Elizabeth 1992 Judahite Burial Practices and Beliefs About the Dead. JSOT Press, Sheffield, England. (also cited as published by Sheffield Academic Press) 2003 Bronze and Iron Age Burials and Funerary Customs in the Southern Levant. In S. Richard, editor, Near Easstern Archaeology: A Reader, Eisenbrauns, pp.105-115. 2781 Bondeson, J. 2001 Buried Alive: The Terrifying Story of Our Most Primal Fear. W.W. Norton, New York, NY. Boase, T.S.R. 1972 Death in the Middle Ages. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. Boddington, A. 1990 Models of Burial, Settlement and Worship: The Final Phase Reviewed. In E. Southworth, editor, Anglo-Saxon Cemeteries: A Reappraisal, Stroud, pp. 177-199. Boddington, A., A.N. Garland, and R.C. Janaway 1987 Flesh, bones, dust and society. in Death, decay and reconstruction: approaches to archaeology and forensic science, edited by A. Boddington, A.N. Garland, and R.C. Janaway, Manchester University Press, Manchester, UK, pp. 3-9. Boglioli, L.R., and M.L. Taff 1990 Religious Objections to Autopsy: An Ethical Dilemma for Medical Examiners. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 11:1-8. Bojorquez, Thomas 2010 Means of Death: Methods of Execution in California, 1937-2007. In G. Bakken, editor, Invitation to an Execution: A History of the Death Penalty in the United States. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp.321-337. Bolton, H. Carrington 1891 Decoration of Graves of Negroes in South Carolina. Journal of American Folklore, 4:214 Bond, Peter Bernard 1967 The Celebration of Death: Some Thoughts on the Design of Crematoria. Architectural Review, 141:803-804. Bondeson, Jan 2001 Buried Alive: A Terrifying History of Our Most Primal Fear. W.W. Norton & Company, New York, NY. (ISBN: 0-393-32222-X) Bonnell, Henry Houston 1885 Cremation: Scientifically and Religiously Considered. Press of D.C. Chalfant, Philadlephia, Pennsylvania Bonogofsky, M. 2004 A Bioarchaeological Study of Plastered Skulls from Anatolia: New Discoveries and Interpretations. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 15:124-135. 2005 Anatolian Plastered Skulls in Context. New Discoveries and Interpretations, 20:13-26. Booth, Thomas J., and Richard Madgwick 2016 New Evidence for Diverse Secondary Burial Practices in Iron Age Britain: A Histological Case Study. Journal Archaeological Science, 67:14-24. Bouwman, Abigail S., Keri A. Brown, A. John N.W. Prag, and Terence A. Brown 2008 Kinship Between Burials from Grave Circle B at Mycenae Revealed by Ancient DNA Typing. Journal of Archaeological Science, 35(9):2580-2584. Bowen, Robert N. 1961 Hawaiian Disposal of the Dead. Masters Thesis, University of Hawai'I, Honolulu, Hawaii. Bowman, Bradley F. 1991 The Foster Site Cremation, A Single Individual, Partition Cremation in Milam County, Texas. Plains Anthropologist, 36(133): 31-42. Bowman, L. 1959 The American Funeral: A Study in Guilt, Extravagance and Sublimity. Washington D.C. Reprinted 1973, Westport, CT. Boyce, Mary 2001 Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. Routledge, London, UK. Boyle, A., D. Jenningsiles, and S. Palmer 1998 The Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Butler's Field, Lechlade, Gloucestershire. Volume 1: Prehistoric and Roman Activity and Anglo-Saxon Grave Catalogue. Thames Valley Landscapes Monograph No. 10. Oxford Archaeological Unit, Oxford, UK. Boyle, A., and G. Keevill 1998 To the Praise of the Dead, and Anatomie: The Analysis of Post-medieval Burials at St. Nicholas, Sevemoaks, Kent. In M. Cox, editor, Grave Concerns: Death and Burial in England 1700-1850, Council for Archaeology, York, UK. pp.85-99. 2782 Boylston, A., S. Norton, and C.A. Roberts 1995 Ritual or Refuse? Late Bronze Age Mortuary Practices at Runnymede. Unpublished Bone Report, Bradford University, Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. Boz,Başak, and Lori D. Hagar 2013 Making Sense of Social Behavior from Disturbed and Comingled Skeletons: A CaseStudy from Catalhoyuk, Turkey. In J. Osterholtz, K.M. Baustian, and D.L. Martin, editors, Commingled and Disarticulated Human Remains: Working Toward Improved Theory, Method, andData. Springer, New York, NY. pp.17-33. Bradbury, Jennie, Douglas Davies, Mandy Jay, et al. 2016 Making the Dead Visible: Problems and Solutons for "Big" Picture Approaches to the Past, and Dealing with Large "Mortuary" Datasets. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 23(2):561-591. Bradbury, Mary A. 1993a Contemporary Representations of "Good" and "Bad" Death.In D. Dickenson and M. Johnson, editors, Death, Dying and Bereavement, Sage, London, UK. pp:68-71. 1993b Disposing and Remembering: Widows' Views of Cemeteries and Crematoria. A Paper before the Joint Conference of Burial and Cremation Authorities, 52nd Joint Conference. Report, Institute of Burial and Cremation Administion. 1996 Representations of "Good" and "Bad" Death Among Death-workers and the Bereaved. G. Howarth and P.Jupp, editors, Contemporary Isses in the Sociology of Death, Dying and Disposal, Macmillan, London, UK. pp.84-95. 1999 Representations of Death, A Social Psychological Perspective. Routledge, London, United Kingdom (ISBN: 0-415-15021-3) Bradley, Richard 1995 Trial and Error in the Study of Mortuary Practices – Exploring the Regional Dimension. In Lane Anderson Beck, editor, Regional Approaches to Mortuary Analysis, Plenum Press, New York, NY, pp. v-ix. Brandon, S.G.F. 1970 The Judgment of the Dead. Scribners, New York. Brannon, Peter A. 1938 Urn-Burial in Central Alabama. American Antiquity, 3(3):228-235. Braun, K.L., and R. Nichols 1997 Death and Dying in Four Asian American Cultures: A Descriptive Study. Death Studies, 21:327-359. Breen, J. 2004 The Dead and Living in the Land of Peace: A Sociology of the Yasukuni Shrine. Mortality, 1:76-93. Brehm, H.C., and E. Raymond Evans 1977 Preliminary Report on an Experimental Stone Box Burial. Tennessee Anthropologist, II(1):16-23. Brennan, Herbie 2002 Death, The Great Mystery of Life. Carroll & Graf Publishers, New York, NY. (ISBN: 0-7867-1044-6) Brink, Edwin C.M. van den 1982 Tombs and Burial Customs at Tell el-Dab’a and Their Cultural Relationship to Syria-Palestine During the Second Intermediate Period. Afro-Pub, Wien. Bristow, Peter H.W. 2001 Behavior and Belief in Mortuary Ritual: Attitudes to the Disposal of the Dead in Southern Britain 3500BC-AD43. Internet Archaeology, 11 http://intarch.ac.uk/journal/issue11/bristow_index.html Brodman, B. 1976 The Mexican Culture of Death in Myth and Literature. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, FL. Brokenleg, Martin, and David Middleton 1993 Native Americans: Adapting, Yet Retaining. in Ethnic Variations in Dying, Death, and Grief: Diversity in Universality, Donald P. Irish, Kathleen F. Lundquist, and Vivian Jenkins Nelson editors, Taylor and Francis, Washington, D.C. pp.101-112. Bromberg, Francine W., and Steven J. Shephard 2006 The Quaker Burying Ground in Alexandria, Virginia: A Study of Burial Practices of the Religious Society of Friends. Historical Archaeology, 40(1): 2783 Bromberg, Francine W., Steven J. Shephard, Barbara H. Magid, Pamela J. Cressey, Timothy Dennée, and Barnard K. Means 2000 "To Find Rest from All Trouble": The Archaeology of the Quaker Burying Ground, Alexandria, Virginia. Alexandria Archaeology Publication, Number 120, Alexandria, Virginia. Bronfen, E. 1992 Over Her Dead Body: Death, Femininity and the Aesthetic. Manchester University Press, Manchester, UK. Brookmeyer, Inez 1984 Notes from Analysis of Burial Materials. History Department , Oakland Museum, August 1, 1984. Manuscript on file, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara. Broster, John B. 1988 Burial Patterns for the Mississippian Period in Middle Tennessee. Tennessee Anthropologist, XIII(1):1-15. Brothwell, D.R. 1987 The Bog Man and the Archaeology of People. British Museum Publications, London. Brown, A. 1987 Defining Death. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 4:155-164. Brown, E.A.R. 1981 Death and the Human Body in the Later Middle Ages: The Legislation of Boniface VIII on the Division of the Corpse. Viator; Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 12: 221-270. Brown, James A. (editor) 1971a Approaches to the Social Dimensions of Mortuary Practices. Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology 25. Society for American Archaeology, Washington, D.C. pp.i-112. 1971b The Dimensions of Status in the Burials at Spiro. In James A. Brown, editor, Approaches to the Social Dimensions of Mortuary Practices, Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology, Number 24, Washington, D.C., pp. 92-112. 1979 Charnel Houses and Mortuary Crypts: Disposal of the Dead in the Middle Woodland Period. In David S. Brose and N'omi Greber, editors, Hopewell Archaeology: The Chillicothe Conference, Kent State University, Kent, OH. Brown, Judy 1991 A Quapaw Reburial. CRM, 14(5):24-27 Browne, D.M., H. Silverman, and R. Garcia 1993 A Cache of 48 Nasca Trophy Heads from Cerro Carapo, Peru. Lat Am Antiq, 4:274-294. Browne, Thomas 1658 Hyriotaphia, Urne-buriall, or, A Discourse of the Sepulchral Urnes lately Found in Norfolk. Hen. Brome., London, UK. (reprinted in 1927 by Percy Lund, Humphries & Company, Bradford, UK. Bruck, Joanna 2004 Material Metaphors: The Relational Construction of Identity in Early Bronze Age Burials in Ireland and Britain. Journal of Social Archaeology, 4(3):307-333. Brush, K. 1988 Gender and mortuary analysis in pagan Anglo-Saxon archaeology, Archaeological Review from Cambridge, 7: 76-89. Buck, Daniel D. 1975 Three Han Dynasty Tombs at Ma-wang-tui. World Archaeology, 7(1):30-45. Buck, Peter 1957 Arts and Crafts of Hawaii: Death and Burial, Section XIII, Death and Burial. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publications, 45, Honolulu, Hawaii. Buckberry, J.L., and D. M. Hadley 2007 An Anglo-Saxon Execution Cemetery at Walkington Wold, Yorkshire. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 26(3):309-329. Budge, Ernest Alfred Wallis 1960 The Book of the Dead. University Books, New York, New York. Buenviaje, Dino E. 2010 The Death Penalty in the North. In G. Bakken, editor, Invitation to an Execution: A History of the Death Penalty in the United States. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp.215-226. 2784 Buikstra, J.E. 1981 Mortuary practice, paleodemography and paleopathology: a case study from the Koster site (Illinois), in Chapman et al., editors, pp. 123132. Bullock, Peter Y. 1991 A Reappraisal of Anasazi Cannibalism. Kiva, 57:5-16. Burgess, Laurie, Douglas Owsley, and John Imlay 2007 Death, Wealth and Ornament: Coffin Hardware from Congressional Cemetery. A Paper Presented at the Society for Historical Archaeology 40th Annual Conference on Historical and Underwater Archaeology, January 10-14, Williamsburg, Virginia. Burley, David V. 1995 Contexts of Meaning: Beer Bottles and Cans in Contemporary Burial Practices in the Polynesian Kingdom of Tonga. Historical Archaeology, 29(1): 75-83. Burns, Stanley B. 1990 Sleeping Beauty: Memorial Photography in America. Twelve Trees Press, Burnston, Sharon Ann 1982 Babies In the Well: An Underground Insight Into Deviant Behavior In Eighteenth-Century Philadelphia. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, April, pp. 151-186. 1997 The Invisible People: The Cemetery at Catoctin Furnace. In D.A. Poirier and N.F. Bellantoni, In Remembrance: Archaeology and Death, Bergin and Garvey, Westport, CT, pp:93-103. Burton, E.C. 2014 Religions and the Autopsy. Medscape, march http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1705993-overview Butler, C. 1989 The Plastered Skulls of Ain Ghazal: Preliminary Findings. In I. Hershkovitz, editor, People and Culture in Change, BAR International Series, 508, Tel Aviv, pp.141-145. Byard, Roger W. 2010 Increasing Body Mass and the Mortuary. Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology, 6:247-248. doi:10.1007/s12024-010-9161-1 2011 Indigenous Communities and the Forensic Autopsy. Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology, 7:139-140. Byard, R.W., and W. Chivell 2005 The Interaction of Death, Sorcery and Coronial/Forensic Practices within Traditional Indigenous Communities. Journal of Clinical and Forensic Medicine, 12:242-244. Byard, R.W., W.C. Chivell, and J.D. Gilbert 2003 Unusual Facial Markings and Lethal Mechanisms in a Series of Gasoline Inhalation Deaths. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 24:298-302. Byard, R.W., J.D. Gilbert, and R.A. James 2001 Traditional Punishment and Unexpected Death in Central Australia. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 22:92-92. Bybee, Alexandra D. 2001 Bioanthropological Investigations of the Burning Spring Branch and Reynolds Cemeteries, Kanawha County, West Virginia. West Virginia Archaeologist 2002 Bioanthropological Investigations of the Reynolds Cemetery (46Ka349) in Kanawha County, West Virginia. Cultural Resources Analysts, Incorporated, Lexington, KY and Hurricane, West Virginia, Prepared for Huntington District Corps of Engineers, Huntington, West Virginia. 2003a Bioanthropological Investigations of the Burning Spring Branch Cemetery (46KA142) in Kanawha County, West Virginia. Culural Resource Analysts, Incorporated, Hurricane, West Virginia, Prepared for Huntington District Corps of Engineers, Huntington, West Virginia. 2003b Bioanthropological Investigations of a Nineteenth Century Cemetery (15CP61) in Campbell County, Kentucky (Item No. 6-046.00). Cultural Resource Analysts, Incorporated, Lexington, KY, Prepared for Palmer Engineering, Winchester, Kentucky 2003c Bioanthropological Investigations of an Unmarked Cemetery at 15Mm137, Montgomery County, Kentucky. Current Research in Kentucky Archaeology 2004 Old Branham (15Fd94: Bioarchaeological Investigations of an Historic Cemetery, Floyd County, Kentucky (Item No. 12-301.00) 2785 Cultural Resources Analysts, Lexington, Kentucky. Prepared for Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, Division of Environmental Analysis, Frankfurt, Kentucky. 2007a Bioanthropological Investigations of the Evans Cemetery (46MD62), McDowell County, West Virginia, Contract Publication Series WV07-03. Cultural Resource Analysts, Hurricane, West Virginia. Prepared for Potesta & Associates, Charleston, West Virginia. 2007b Bioanthropological Investigations of Historic Cemeteries: What Can We Learn from Biological, Cultural, and Mortuary Remains? A Paper Presented at the 5th Annual Council for West Virginia Archaeology Spring Workshop. http://www.crai-ky.com/education/reports/bioanthropology.html Byrd, Brian F., and Christopher M. Monohan 1995 Death, Mortuary Ritual, and Natufian Social Structure. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 14(3):251-287. Cabak, Melanie A. 1994 "Gone by Not Forgotten": African-American Gravestone Art and Mortuary Beliefs in Aiken County, South Carolina. South Carolina Antiquities, 26(1&2):1-11. Callaway, Patrick 2010 Fear, Capital Punishment, and Order: The Construction and Use of Captial Punishment Statutes in Early Modern England and Seventeenth Century New England. In G. Bakken, editor, Invitation to an Execution: A History of the Death Penalty in the United States. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp.47-59. Campbell, Stuart, and Anthony Green 1995 The Archaeology of Death in the Ancient Near East. Oxbow Books, Oxford, England. Cannadine, D. 1981 War and Death, Grief and Mourning in Modern Britain. In J. Whaley, editor, Mirrors of Mortality: Stiduies in the Social History of Death, Europa, London, UK. pp.187-242 Cannon, Aubrey 1989 The Historical Dimension in Mortuary Expressions of Status and Sentiment. Current Anthropology, 30: 437-458. 2005 Gender and Agency in Mortuary Fashion. In F.M.R. Gordon, J.E. Buikstra, L.A. Beck, and S.R.Williams, editord, Interacting with the Dead: Perspectives on Mortuary Archaeology for the New Millennium, University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, pp.41-65. Cantor, Norman L. 2010 After We Die: The Life and Times of the Human Cadaver. Georgetown University Press, Washington, D.C. Carey, Francis King 1885 The Disposition of the Body after Death. American Law Review, 251 Carlson, Lisa 1987 Caring for Your Own Dead. Upper Access, Hinesburg, Vermont. 1998 Caring for the Dead: Your Final Act of Love. Upper Access Incorporated, Hinesburg, Vermont. Carlton, Bronwyn 1995 The Big Book of Death. De Comics. (ISBN: 1563891662) Carney, Karen L. 1995 Our Special Garden: Understanding Cremation. Wetherfield, Connecticut Carney, Scott 2011 The Red Market: On the Trail of the World's Organ Brokers, Bone Thieves, Blood Farmers, and Child Traffickers. MJF Books, New York, New York. (ISBN: 9781606713037) Carr, Christopher 1994 A Crosscultural Survey of the Determinants of Mortuary Practices. In Douglas R. Mitchell, editor, The Pueblo Grande Project, Volume 7, Soil Systems Publications in Archaeology, Number 20, Phoenix, Arizona, pp. 7-69. 1995 Mortuary Practices: Their Social, Philosophical-Religious, Circumstantial, and Physical Determinants. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 2(2):105-200. Carr, G.C., and C. Knüsel 1997 The Ritual Framework of Excarnation by Exposure as the Mortuary Practice of the Early and Middle Iron Ages of Central Southern Britain. In A. Gwilt and C. Haselgrove, editors, Reconstructing Iron Age Societies, Oxbow Monograph 71, Oxford, UK. pp.167-173. Carretero, Jose Miguel, Rolf M. Quam, Asier Gomez-Olivencia, Maria Castilla, Laura Rodriguez, and Rebecca Garcia-Gonzalez 2786 2015 The Magdalenian Human Remains from El Miron Cave, Cantabria (Spain). Journal of Archaeological Science, 60:10-27. Carter, Albert Howard, III 1997 First Cut: A Season in the Human Anatomy Lab, Picador USA, New York, New York Chacon, R.J., and D.H. Dye 2007 The Taking and Displaying of Human Body Parts as Trophies by Amerindians. Springer, New York, New York Chadwick, James R. 1905 The Cremation of the Dead. Geo H. Ellis, Boston, Massachusetts Chadwick, Ruth F. 1996 Corpses, Recycling, and Therapeutic Purposes. In Robert Lee and Derek Morgan, editors, Death Rites: Law and Ethics at the End of Life, Routeledge, London, UK. Chambers, C. 2007 Austopdy Around the World. Student BMJ, 15:1-44. Chapman, R. 2005 Mortuary Analysis. A Matter of Time? In G. Rakita, J. Buikstra, L. Beck and S.R. Williams, editor, Interacting with the Dead: Perspectives on Mortuary Archaeology for the New Millenium, University of Florida Press, Gainesville, FL, pp:25-40. Chapman, R.W. 1977 Burial Practices: An Area of Mutual Interest. In M. Spriggs, editor, Archaeology and Anthropology, Oxford, UK, pp. 19-33. Chapman, Robert 1987 Mortuary practices: society, theory building and archaeology. In Death, decay and reconstruction. Boddington et alia editors, Manchester University Press, Manchester, U.K., pp. 198-216. Chapman, Robert, Ian Kinnes, and Klaus Randsborg (editors) 1981 The Archaeology of Death. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY. Charles, D.K., and J.E. Buikstra 2002 Siting, Sighting, and Citing the Dead. In H. Silverman and D.B. Small, editors, The Space and Place of Death, Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association, No. 11, American Anthropological Association, Arlington, Virginia, pp.13-26. Charlier, P., J. Pooupon, G.-F. Jeannel, D. Favier, S.-M. Popescu, R. Weil, C. Moulherat, I.. Huynh-Charlier, C. Dorion-Peyronnet, A.-M. Lazar, C. Herve, and G.L. de la Grandmaison 2013 The Embalmed Heart of Richard the Lionheart (1199A.D.): A Biological and Anthropological Analysis. Sci Rep, 3:1296. Chase, Theodore 1990 Markers, VII. Journal of the Association for Gravestone Studies, Needham, MA. Cheney, Anne 2006 Body Brokers: Inside America's Underground Trade in Human Remains. Broadway Books, New York, New York. Cherryson, A.K., Z. Crossland, and S. Tarlow 2012 A Fine and Private Place: The Archaeology of Death and Burial in Post-Medieval Britain and Ireland. Leicester University Press, Leicester, UK. Chesson, M., and R.T. Schaub 2009 Death and Dying on the Dead Sea Plain: Cemeteries of Fifa, Baba dh-Dhra and Khirbat al-Khanazir. In T.E. Levy, P.M. Michele Daviau, R.W. Younker, and M. Shaer, editors, Crossing Jordan – North American Contributions to the Archaeology of Jordan. Equinox Publishing, London, pp.253-260. Chestermann, J.T. 1977 Burial Rites in a Cotswold Long Barrow. Man, 12:22-32. Cheung, Peter Ka Hung, Cecelia Lai Wai Chan, Wai Fu, Li Yawen, and Grace Yee Kam Pau Cheung 2006 Letting and Holding On: Grieving and Traditional Death Rituals in Hong Kong. In Cecelia Lai Wai Chan and Amy Yin Man Chow, editors, Death, Dying and Bereavement: A Hong Kong Chinese Experience. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, pp.65-86. Childe, V. Gordon 1945 Directional Changes in Funerary Practices During 50,000 Years. Man, 45(4):13-19. Chindarsi, N. 1976 The Religion of the Hmong Njua. Siam Society, Bangkok, Thailand. Chittick, William C. 2787 1992 Your Sight Today is Piercing: The Muslim Understanding of Death and Afterlife. In Obayashi Hiroshi, editor, Death and Afterlife: Perspectives of World Religions. Praeger, London, UK, pp.125-139 Chong, Key Ray 1990 Cannibalism in China, Longwood Academic, Wakefield, New Hampshire Chow, Chun-shing, and Elizabeth Kenworthy Teather 1998 Chinese Graves and Gravemarkers in Hong Kong. Markers, XV, Journal of the Association for Gravestone Studies, pp.286-317. Chung, Sue Fawn, and Priscilla Wegars 2005 Chinese American Death Rituals: Respecting the Ancestors. AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, California. Clark, David 1993 The Sociology of Death: Theory, Culture, Practice. Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, UK. Clark, Peter, and Jeannette Hope 1985 Aboriginal Burial and Shell Middens at Snaggy Bend and Other Sites in the Central Murray River. Australian Archaeology, 20:68-89. Clarke, Giles 1975 Popular Movements and Late Roman Cemeteries. World Archaeology, 7(1):46-56. Clemens, Christopher, and Mark Smith 1982 Death: Grim Realities and Comic Relief. Delacorte Press, New York, NY. Cobb, Augustus Gardiner 1892 Earth Burial and Cremation: The History of Earth-Burial with its Attendant Evils and the Advantages offered by Cremation. G.P. Putnam, New York, NY. Cobb, John Storer 1891 The Torch and the Tomb. The New England Cremation Society, Boston, Massachusetts 1901 A Quartercentury of Cremation in North America. Knight & Miller, Boston, Massachusetts Coe, W.R. 1959 Piedras Negras Archaeology: Artifacts, Caches, and Burial. Museum Monographs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Coelho, D. 1997 The Unclaimed Cadaver. Acad Med, 72(9):741-743. Coffin, Margaret M. 1976 Death in Early America: The History and Folklore of Customs and Superstitions of Early Medicine, Funerals, Burials, and Mourning. Thomas Nelson, Nashville, TN. Cohle, Stephen 1997 Embalming: History, Theory and Practice. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 18(1):111 Cole, Pamela 1894 Early New England Funeral Customs. Journal of American Folklore, 7. Cole, Hubert 1964 Things for the Surgeon: A History of the Ressurection Men. Heinemann, London, UK. Collis, John 1977a Pre-Roman Burial Rites in North-Western Europe. In Richard Reece, editor, Burial in the Roman World, Council on British Archaeology Research Report, Number 22, London, UK, pp.1-13. 1977b Owslebury (Hants) and the Problem of Burials on Rural Settlements. In Richard Reece, editor, Burial in the Roman World, Council on British Archaeology Research Report, Number 22, London, UK, pp.26-34. Colman, Penny 1997 Corpses, Coffins and Crypts: A History of Burial. Henry Holt and Company. (ISBN: 0805050663) Combes, John D. 1972 Ethnography, Archaeology, and Burial Practices among Coastal South Carolina Blacks. The Conference on Historic Site Archaeology Papers, 1972, 7:52-61, Columbia, S.C. (also cited as published in 1974) Comeaux, M.L. 1989 Burial: “Going Home.” in Encyclopedia of Death, edited by R. Kastenbaum and B. Kastenbaum, Oryx Press, Phoenix, AZ., pp. 36-37. 2788 Comyns, Mary B. 1892 A Plea for Cremation, Ellis, Boston, Massachusetts Conklin, Beth A. 2004 Thus Are Our Bodies, thus was Our Custom. Mortuary Cannibalism in an Amazonian Society. In Antonius C.G.M. Robben, editors, Death, Mourning, and Burial: A Cross Cultural Reader, Blackwell, Oxford, UK. Pp.238-262. Conlee, C.A. 2007 Decapitation and Rebirth: A Headless Burial from Nazca, Peru. Current Anthropology, 48:438-445. Connerton, P. 2011 The Spirit of Mourning-History, Memory and the Body. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Connolly, Thomas J., Christopher L. Ruiz, Jeanne McLaughlin, Guy L. Tasa, and Elizabeth Kallenbach 2010 The Archaeology of a Pioneer Family Cemetery in Western Oregon, 1854-1879. Historical Archaeology, 44(4):28-45. Constantine, Nathan 2006 A History of Cannibalism: From Ancient Cultures to Survival Stories and Modern Psychopaths. Arcturus Publishing Limited, London, UK (ISBN: 978-0-7858-2158-8) Conway, Bertrand Lewis 1923 Ethics and History of Cremation. Paulist, New York, New York Conze, E. 1959 Buddhism: Its Essence and Development. Harper Torchbook, New York. Cook, Susan 1914 Old Stone-lined Grave Found at Monk's Mound. Prehistoric Illinois the Great Cahokia Mound. Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, 6(4): http://www.iltrails.org/moundshx.htm Costello, Julia G., and Phillip L. Walker 1987 Burials from the Santa Barbara Presidio Chapel. Historical Archaeology, 21(1):3-17. Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs of the AMA (CEJA) 2002 Performing Procedures on the Newly Deceased. Acad Med, 77(12):1212-1216. Counts, D.R., and D.A. Counts (editors) 1991 Coping with Final Tradegy: Cultural Variation in Dying and Grieving. Baywood, Amityville, NY. Cowan, R.A., Carl William Clewlow Jr., Caroline Hills Yonge, and James F. O'Connell 1975 An Unusual Burial of a Bear and Child from the Sacarmento Delta. Journal of New World Archaeology, 1(2):25-30. Cox, G.R. 2003 The Native American Way of Death. In C.D. Bryant, editor, Handbook of Death and Dying, Volume 2: The Response to Death. Sage, Thousand Oaks, California. pp.631-639. Cox, M. (editor) 1996 Life and Death in Spitalfields 1700-1850. CBA, York, UK. 1998 Grave Concerns: Death and Burial in England 1700-1850. Council for British Archaeology Research Report No. 113, Council for British Archaeology, York, UK. Coyle, Matt, Peter Lamb, and Matthew Coyle 1996 Registry of Death. Kitchen Sink Press. (ISBN: 0878164480) Cragg, K. 1983 Finality in Islam. Studia Missionalia, 32:219-230. Craig-Atkins, Elizabeth 2012 Chest Burial: A Middle Anglo-Saxon Funerary Rite from Northern England. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 31(3):317-337. Crane, O.N., M.P. hatfield, A.B. Perrigo, and H. Samson 1886 The National Funeral Director’s Official Text Book. Donohue & Henneberry, Chicago, IL. Crawford, A. 1961 Customs and Culture in Vietnam. Charles E. Tuttle, Tokyo, Japan. 2789 Crawford, O.G.S. 1932 Communal Burial. Antiquity, 6(22):213-214. Crawford, S. 1993 Children, Death and the Afterlife in Anglo-Saxon England. In, W. Filmer-Sankey, editor, Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History, 6:83-91. Crawford, Sybil F. 2001 19th, 20th, and 21st Century Gravestones. AGS Quarterly, 25(3):9-12. Crowder, L.S. 2003 The Taoist (Chinese) Way of Death. In C.D. Bryant, editor, Handbook of Death and Dying, Volume 2: The Response to Death, Sage, Thousand Oaks, California. pp.673-686. Cremation Association of North America n.d. Historical Cremation Data--United States Versus Canada http://www.cremationassociation.org/docs/WebHistData.pdf Crevecoeur, Isabelle, Aurore Schmitt, and Ilse Schoep 2015 An Archaeothanatological Approach to the Study of Minoan Funerary Practices: Case-studies from the Early and Middle Minoan Cemetery at Sissi, Crete. Journal of Field Archaeology, 40(3):283-299. Crewe, L., K. Lorentz, E.J. Peltenburg,and S. Spanou 2005 Treatments of the Dead: Preliminary Report of Investigations at Souskiou-Laona Chalcolithic Cemetery, 2001-2004. Report of the Department of Antiquities,Cyprus, 41-67. Crissman, James K. 1994 Death and Dying in Central Appalachia: Changing Attitudes and Practices. University of Illinois Press. Urbana, Illinois (ISBN: 0252063554) Crist, Thomas A.J., and Daniel G. Roberts 1996 Engaging the Public Through Mortuary Archeology: Philadelphia’s First African Baptist Church Cemeteries. Cultural Resrouce Management, 19(10):5-8. Crocker, C. 1971 The Southern Way of Death. in The Not So Solid South: Anthropological Studies in a Regional Subculture. J.K. Morland, editor,University of Georgia Press, Athens, GA. pp.114-129. Cronin, Xavier A. 1996 Grave Exodus: Tending to Our Dead in the Twenty-First Century. Barricade Books. (ISBN: 1569800952) Crooke, William 1899 Primitive Rites of Disposal of the Deaad with Special References to India. Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 29(3,4):271-294. 1911 Death and Disposal of the Dead (Indian, Non-Aryan). In James Hasting, editor, Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, 4:479-484. Cullen, Lisa Takeuchi 2006 Remember Me: A Lively Tour of the New American Way of Death. Collins, New York, New York Cummings, Vicki, and Alasdair Whittle 2003 Tombs with a View: Landscape, Monuments and Trees. Antiquity, 77(296):255-266. Cunliffe, B. 1988 Celtic Death Rituals, Archaeology, __:39-43. Curl, James Stevens 1972 The Victorian Celebration of Death. The Partridge Press, Detroit, MI. 1991 The English Way of Death: The Common Funeral Since 1450, Robert Hale, London, UK. 2001 The Victroian Celebration of Death. Sutton, Gloucestershire, England. Curry, Andrew 2002 Case of the Colorado Cannibal. Archaeology, May-June:50-53. Curry, Dennis C. 1999 Feast of the Dead: Aboriginal Ossuaries in Maryland. Crownsville Archaeological Society of Maryland and Maryland Historical Trust 2790 Press. Curvers, J. 2011 Burial Rituals and the Reformations in Early Modern Europe. A Comparative Study. Masters of Arts Thesis, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/198630 Cybulski, Jerome S. 1978 Probable Archaic Period Human Remains from the Coteau du Lac Site. In William Englebrecht and Donald Grayson, editors, Essays in Northeastern Anthropology in Honor of Marian E. White, Frankling Pierce College, Rindge, New Hampshire, pp. 78-95. 1992 A Greenville Burial Ground: Human Remains and Mortuary Elements in British Columbia Coast Prehistory, Archaeological Survey of Canada, Mercury Series Paper No. 146, Canadian Museum of Civilization, Ottawa, Canada. Cytron, Barry D. 1993 To Honor the Dead and Comfort the Mourners: Traditions in Judaism. in Ethnic Variations in Dying, Death, and Grief: Diversity in Universality, Donald P. Irish, Kathleen F. Lundquist, and Vivian Jenkins Nelson editors, Taylor and Francis, Washington, D.C. pp.113124. Cytron, B.D., and E. Schwartz 1986 When Life is in the Balance: Life-and-Death Decisions in Light of the Jewish Tradition. Youth Commission, United Synagogue of America, New York. Danforth, L. and Tsiaras, A. (also cited with Danforth and the only author) 1982 The Death Rituals of Rural Greece. Princeton University Press, Princeton. Daniell, Christopher 1997 Death and Burial in Medieval England 1066-1550. Routledge, London. (ISBN: 0415116295) Dansey, H. 1992 A View of Death. In M. King, editor, Te Ao Hurihuri: Aspects of Maoritanga, Reed, Auckland, NZ, pp.105-106. Darling, J. Andrew 1999 Mass Inhumation and the Execution of Witches in the American Southwest. American Anthropologist, 100:732-752. Davidson, Daniel S. 1935 Burial Customs in the Delmarva Peninsula and the Question of Their Chronology. American Antiquity, 1(1):84-97. 1949 Disposal of the Dead in Western Australia. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 93(1):71-97. Davidson, James M. 2004 Mediating Race and Class through the Death Experience: Power Relations and Resistance Strategies of an African-American Community, Dallas, Texas (1869-1907). PhD Dissertation, University of Texas, Austin, Texas. 2007 “Resurrection Men” in Dallas: The Illegal Use of Black Bodies as Medical Cadavers. International Journal of Historical Archaeology, 11(3):193-220. 2010 Keeping the Devil at Bay: The Shoe on the Coffin Lid and Other Grave Charms in the 19th and 20h Century America. International Journal of Historical Archaeology, 14:614-649. 2012 They Laid the Planks 'crost the Coffins: The African Origin of GraveVaulting in the United States. International Journal of Historical Archaeology, 16:86-134. DOI:10.1007/s10761-012-0170-5 Davies, C. 1996 Dirt, Death, Decay and Dissolution: American Denial and British Avoidance. In G. Howarth and P. Jupp, editors, Contemporary Issues in the Sociology of Death, Dying and Disposal, Macmillan, London, UK. pp.60-71. Davies, Douglas J. 1996 The Social Facts of Death. In G. Howarth and P. Jupp, editors, Contemporary Issues in the Sociology of Death, Dying and Disposal, Macmillan, London, UK. pp.17-29. 1997 Death, Ritual and Belief: The Rhetoric of Funerary Rites. Cassell, London, UK. 2002 Death, Ritual and Belief: The Rhetoric of Funerary Rites. Continuum, London, UK. Davies, Glenys 1977 Burial in Italy Up to Augustus. In Richard Reece, editor, Burial in the Roman World, Research Report, Number 22:13-19. 2791 Davies, J. 1996 Vile Bodies and Mass Media Chantries. In G. Howarth and P. Jupp, editors, Contemporary Issues in the Sociology of Death, Dying and Disposal, Macmillan, London, UK. pp.47-59. Davies, Jon 1999 Death, Burial and Rebirth in the Religions of Antiquity. Routledge, London, UK. Davies, R. 1998 The Lazarus Syndrome: Burial Alive and Other Horrors of the Undead. Barnes & Noble Books, Lyndhurst, NJ. Davis, G.J., and B.R. Peterson 1996 Dilemmas and Solutions for the Pathologist and Clinician Encountering Religious Views of the Autopsy. South Med J., 89:1041-1044. Davis, Hester A. 1995 Folk Narratives and Archaeology: An African-American Cemetery in Texas. Journal of Field Archaeology, 22(3): 349-353. Dawson, D., J.F. Santos, and D.C. Burdick 1990 Differences in the Final Arrangements Between Burial and Cremation as the Method of Body Disposition. Omega, 21(2):129-146. Daybell, Chad 2001 One Foot in the Grave: The Strange but True Adventures of a Cemetery Sexton. Bonneville Books, Springville, Utah Daye, Douglas D. 1996 A Law Enforcement Sourcebook of Asian Crime and Cultures, Tactics and Mindsets. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. (ISBN: 0-8493-8116-9) Defleur, Alban, Timothy White,Patricia Valensi, Ludovic Slimak, and Evelyne Cregut-Bonnoure 1999 Neanderthal Cannibalism at Booula-Guercy, Ardeche, France. Science, 286:128-131. Deforce, K., and K. Haneca 2012 Ashes to Ashes. Fuelwood Selection in Roman Cremation Rituals in Northern Gaul. Journal of Archaeological Science, 39:1338-1348. Degusta, David 2000 Fijian Cannibalism and Mortuary Ritual: Bioarchaeological Evidence from Vunda. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 100:7692. (also cited as Volume 10) De La Torre, M.A. 2004 Santeria: The Beliefs and Rituals of a Growing Religion in America. William B. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, Michigan Delves, H.C. 1952 The Disposal of the Dead. Journal of the Town Planning Insititute, 38(10):261-265. DeRobert, L. 1951 Premature Burial. Ann Med Leg Criminol Police Sci Toxicol, 31:257-265. D'Errico, Stefano,Emanuela Turillazzi, Cristoforo Pomara, Carmela Fiore, Floriana Monciotti, and Vittorio Fineschi 2011 A Novel Macabre Ritual of the Italian Mafia ('Ndrangheta): Covering Hands with Gloves and Burying the Corpse with Burnt Lime after Execution. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 32(1):44-46. DeSpelder, L.A., and A.L. Strickland 2002 The Last Dance: Encountering Death and Dying, 6th Edition. McGraw Hill, Boston, Massachusetts Dethlefson, Edwin S. 1981 The Cemetery and Culture Change: Archaeological Focus and Ethnographic Perspective. In B. Gould and M. Schiffer, editors, Modern Material Culture: The Archaeology of Us, Academic Press, New York. Dethlefson, Edwin S. and James F. Deetz 1966 Death's Heads, Cherubs, and Willow Trees: Experimental Archaeology in Colonial Cemeteries. American Antiquity, 31:502-510 (also cited as 35(3)) Dethlefson, Edwin and Kenneth Jensen 1977 Social commentary in the cemetery. Natural History, 86: 32-39. Dickel, David N. 2002 Analysis of Mortuary Patterns. In Glen H. Doran, editor, Windover: Multidisciplinary Investigations of an Early Archaic Florida Cemetery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 73-96. Dillehay, Tom D., editor 2792 1995 Tombs for the Living: Andean Mortuary Practices, Dumbarton Oaks Research Laboratory and Collection, Washington, D.C. Diongson, Dominic 1993 Bones and Bureaucrats. Archaeology, March/April: 28-38. Dittrick, H. 1948 Devices to Prevent Premature Burial. J. Hist Med Allied Sci, 3:161-171. Dixon, D. 1989 Two Faces of Bereavement: Children's Magazines and Their Treatment of Death in the Nineteenth Century. In R. Houlbroooke, editor, Death, Ritual and Bereavement, Routledge, London, UK. pp.136-150. Dockall, H.D., D.K. Boyd, M.D. Freeman, R.L. Garza, K.E. Stork, and J.E. Baker 1996 Confederate Veterans at Rest: Archaeological and Bioarchaeological Investigations at the Texas State Cemetery, Travis County, Texas. Reports of Investigations No. 107. Prewitt and Associates, Incorporated, Austin, Texas. Dockall, Helen Danzeiser, Joseph F. Powell, and D. Gentry Steele 1996 Home Hereafter: Archaeological and Bioarchaeological Investigations at a Historic African-American Cemetery (41GV125). Report of Investigation Number 5, Center for Environmental Archaeology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. Dodge, C.H. n.d. Islamic Funeral Rites. About.com http://islam.about.com/cs/elderly/a/funerals.htm Domanska, E. 2005 Toward the Archaeontology of the Dead Body. Rethinking History, 9(4):389-413. Donlon, S., and G.N. Rutty 2010 Reconstruction of the Body. In J.L. Burton and G.N. Rutty, editors, The Hospital Autopsy, Thrid Edition, Hodder Arnold, London, UK. pp.308-314. Donnan, Christopher B. 1995 Moche Funerary Practice. In Tom Dillehay, editor, Tombs of the Living: Andean Mortuary Practices, Dumbarton Oaks Research Library Collection, Washington, D.C., pp. 111-159. Donnan, Christopher B., and C. William Clewlow Jr. editors) 1974 Ethnoarchaeology, Monograph 4, UCLA Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles. Donnan, Christopher B., and Carol J. Mackey 1978 Ancient Burial Patterns in the Moche Valley, Peru. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas. Dorje, Gyurme 2006 The Tibetan Book of the Dead, Viking Penguin, New York, New York Douglas, John E., Robert K. Ressler, Ann W. Burgess, and Carol R. Hartman 1986 Criminal Profiling from Crime Scene Analysis, Behavioral Sciences & the Law, Volume 4(4): 401-421. Dowd, John T. 1972 The West Site: A Stone Box Cemetery in Middle Tennessee. Tennessee Archaeological Society Miscellaneous Papers, Number 10, Knoxville, Tennessee. Dowd, Quincy L. 1921 Funeral Management and Costs: A World Survey of Burial and Cremation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. Duday, Henri, Anna Maria Cipriani, and John Pearce 2009 The Archaeology of the Dead: Lectures in Archaeotanatology, (Studies in Funerary Archaeology). Oxbow Books, Dundes, Alan 1998 The Vampire Casebook. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin (ISBN: 0-299-15920-5) Ebersole, Gary L. 1989 Ritual Poetry and the Politics of Death in Early Japan, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. Eerkens, Jelmer W., Eric J. Bartelink, Karen S. Gardner, and Randy S. Wiberg 2013 The Evolution of a Cemetery: Rapid Change in Burial Practices in a Middle Holocene Site in Central Alta California. California Archaeology, 5:3-35. Eggener, Keith 2793 2010 Cemeteries. W.W. Norton & Company, New York, New York (ISBN: 978-0-393-73169-9) Eisenbruch, M. 1984a Cross-Cultural Aspects of Bereavement I: A Conceptual Framework for Comparative Analysis. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 3:283-309. 1984b Cross-Cultural Aspects of Bereavement II: Ethnic and Cultural Variations in the Development of Bereavement Practices. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 4:315-347. Elakkary Sally, Barbara Franke, Dina Shokri, Sven Hartwig, Michael Tsokos, and Klaus Puschel 2014 Honor Crimes: Definition, Diagnostic Criteria, and Risk Factors Through Presentation of Case Reports from Germany. A Presentation before the 66th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, February 17-22, Seattle, Washington Elfawal, M.A. 1999 Cultural Influence on the Incidence and Choice of Method of Suicide in Saudi Arabia. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 20(2):163-168. Eliade, M., (editor) 1987 The Encyclopedia of Religion, Macmillan, New York, NY. Elias, N. 1985 The Loneliness of Dying, Blackwell, Oxford, UK Eliopoulos, Constantine, Konstantinos Moraitis, Federico Reyes, Chara Spiliopoulou, and Sotiris Manolis 2011 Guidelines for the Recognition of Cemetery Remains in Greece. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 32(2):153-156. Ellenberger, H.F. 1980 Corporal Mutilation Inflicted on Women: A Victimological Study. Criminologie, 13(1):80-93. Elliott, J.R. 1990 Funerary Artifacts in Contemporary America. Death Studies, 14(6):601-612. Ellis, Florence Hawley 1968 An Interpretation of Prehistoric Death Customs in Terms of Modern Southwestern Parallels. In Collected Papers in Honor of Lyndon Lane Hargrave, edited by Albert H. Schroeder, pp. 57-76. Papers of the Archaeological Society of New Mexico, 1. Museum of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, NM. Enright, D.J. 1983 The Oxford Book of Death. Oxford University Press, New York, NY. Erichson, Hugo 1886 Cremation versus Burial. Morton, Louisville, Kentucky 1887 The Cremation of the Dead Considered from an Aesthetic, Sanitary, Religious, Historical, Medico-Legal, and Economical Standpoint. D.O. Haynes, Detroit, Michigan Etlin, R.A. 1984 The Architecture of Death, The Transformation of the Cemetery in Eighteenth Century Paris. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Evans-Wentz, W.Y. 1976 The Tibetan Book of the Dead. Oxford University Press, London, UK. Evison, V.I. 1987 Dover, The Buckland Anglo-Saxon Cemetery. Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission Report 3, London, UK. 1994 Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Great Chesterford, Essex. CBA Research Report 91, CBA, York, UK. Evison, V.I., and Hill, P. 1996 Two Anglo-Saxon Cemeteries at Beckford, Hereford and Worcester. CBA Research Report 103, CBA, York, UK. Fabian, J. 1972 How Others Die: Reflections on the Anthropology of Death. Social Research, 39:543-567. Fales, Martha G. 1964 The Early American Way of Death. Essex Institute Historical Collections 100 Farrell, J.J. 1980 Inventing the American Way of Death, 1830-1920. Temple University Press, Philadelphia, PA. 2794 Farrington, Karen 2000 History of Punishment & Torture. Sterling Publishing Company, New York, NY (ISBN: 0 600 60035 1) Fatwa Department Research Committee 2014 Autopsies and Islamic law. Islam Today http://en.islamtoday.net/node/775 Faust, A. 2004 Mortuary Practices, Society and Ideology: The Lack of Iron Age I Burials in the highlands in Context. Israel Explor. J., 54(2):174-190. Faust, D.G. 2008 This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War. Vintage, New York. Feifel, Herman 1959 The Meaning of Death, McGraw-Hill, New York, New York Feldman, George Franklin 2008 Cannibalism, Headhunting and Human Sacrifice in North America, A History Forgotten. Alan C. Hood & Company Incorporated, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania Fell, C. 1956 Roman burials found at Arbury Road, Cambridge, 1952, Proceedings of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society, 49: 13-23. Fenn, E.A. 1989 Honoring the Ancestors: Kongo-American Graves in the American South. In E. Nichols, editor, The Last Miles of the Way, Dependable, Columbia, South Carolina. Fernandez-Jalvo, Yolanda, J. Carlos Diez, Isabel Caceres, and Jordi Rosell 1999 Human Cannibalism in the Early Pleistocene of Europe (Gran Dolina, Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain). Journal of Human Evolution, 37:591-622. Finch, Timothy R. 2010 Arkansas and Missouri, The Death Penalty. In G. Bakken, editor, Invitation to an Execution: A History of the Death Penalty in the United States. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp.373-388. Finlay, Nyree 2000 Outside of Life: Traditions of Infant Burial in Ireland from Cillin to Cist. World Archaeology, 31(3):407-422. Firth, Shirley 1996 The Good Death: Attitudes of British Hindus. In G. Howarth and P. Jupp, editors, Contemporary Issues in the Sociology of Death, Dying and Disposal, Macmillan, London, UK. pp. 96-110. 1997 Dying, Death and Bereavement in a British Hindu Community. Peeters, Leuven Fisher-Carroll, Rita 2001 Mortuary Behavior at Upper Nodena. Arkansas Archeological Survey Research Series, Number 59, Fayetteville, Arkansas. Fitzpatrick, Scott M. 2003 Early Human Burials in the Western Pacific: Evidence for a c. 3000 Year Old Occupation in Palau. Antiquity, 77(298):719-731. Fitzpatrick, S.M., and G.C. Nelson 2008 From Limestone Caves to Concrete Graves: 3000 years of Mortuary Practice in the Palauan Archipelago, Micronesia. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 18(5):439-457. 2011 Purposeful Commingling of Adult and Child Cranial Elements from the Chelechol ra Orrak Cemetery, Palau. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 21:360-366. DOI: 10.1002/oa.1136 Flanner, Frank B. 1915 Cremation and the Funeral Director. Cremation Association of America, Buffalo, New York. Flohr, Sørensen, T. 2009 The Presence of the Dead: Cemeteries, Cremation and the Staging of Non-place. Journal of Social Archaeology, 9:110-135. Foltyn, J.L. 1996 Dead Beauty; The Preservation, Memorialisation and Destruction of Beauty in Death. In G. Howart and P. Jupp, editors, Contemporary Isses in the Sociology of Death, Dying and Disposal, Macmillan, London, UK, pp.72-83. 2795 Formicola, V., and A.P. Buzhilova 2004 Double Child Burial from Sunghir (Russia): Pathology and Inferences for Upper Paleolithic Funerary Practices. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 124:189-198. DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.10273 Fox, A.A. 1984 A Study of Five Historic Cemeteries at Choke Canyon Reservoir, Live Oak and McMullen Counties, Texas. Choke Canyon Series, Volume 9, Center for Archaeological Research, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas. Fox, W.A., and J. Eldon Molto 1994 A Special Child: The Monarch Knoll Burial. Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology, 19(1):99. Francis, Doris 2003 Cemeteries as Cultural Landscapes. Mortality, 8(2):222-227. Fraser, James W. 1965 Cremation: Is it Christian?, Loizeaux Brothers, Neptune, New Jersey Frazer, Persifor, Jr. 1874 The Merits of Cremation. Philadelphia French, S. 1975 The Cemetery as a Cultural Institution: The Establishment of Mount Auburn and the "Rural Cemetery" Movement. In D.E. Stannard, Death in America, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. pp.69-91. Frothingham, O.B. 1874 The Disposal of Our Dead. D.G. Francis, New York, New York Fulton, R. 1995 The Contemporary Funeral: Functional or Dysfunctional? In H. Wass and R.A. Neimeyer, editors, Dying: Facing the Facts, Taylor and Francis, Washington, D.C. pp.185-209. Gadus, E.F., J.E. Baker, andA.E. Dase 2002 A Mother Left to Mourn, Archeological and Historical Investigations at a Nineteenth-Century Family Cemetery at the Jewett Mine. Reports of Investigations, Number 136. Prewitt and Associates, Incorporated, Austin, Texas. Gale, R. 2011 Charcoal from the Cemetery. In N. Finn, editor, Bronze Age Ceremonial Enclosures and Cremation Cemetery at Eye Kettleby, Leicestershire.The Development of a Prehistoric Landscape. 4word Limited, Bristol, UK. pp.76-78. Gardner, K. 1998 Death, Burial and Bereavement Amongst Bengali Muslims in Tower Hamlets, East London. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 24(3):507-521. Garman, J.C. 1996 This Church is for the Living: An Assessment of Archaeological Standards for the Removal of Cemeteries in Rhode Island and Massachusetts. Northeast Historical Archaeology, 25:1-12. Gannal, J.N. 1838 History of Embalming and of Preparations in Anatomy, Pathology, and Natural History. Judah Dobson, Philadelphia, PA. Garelik, G. and G. Maranto 1984 Multiple Murderers. Discover, July, pp: 26-29. Garfinkel, Y. 1994 Ritual Burial of Cultic Objects: The Earliest Evidence. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 4(2):159-188. Garland, R.S.J. 1985 The Greek Way of Death. London. 1989 The well-ordered corpse: an investigation into the motives behind Greek funerary legislation, Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies, 36: 1-15. Garn, Stanley M., and Walter D. Block ____ Limited Nutritional Value of Cannibalism. American Anthropologist, 72:106. Gaskins, Susanne Teepe 2010 The Celluloid Execution: Hollywood Films and Capital Punishment. In G. Bakken, editor, Invitation to an Execution: A History of the 2796 Death Penalty in the United States. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp.137-190. Gates, C. 1983 From Cremation to Inhumation: Burial Practices at Iaysos and Kameiros during the Mid-Archaic Period, ca. 625-525 B.C., University of California at Los Angeles Institute of Archaeology, Occasional Paper 11, Los Angeles, CA. Gatrad, A.R. 1994 Muslim Customs Surrounding Death, Bereavement, Postmortem Examinations, and Organ Transplants. BMJ, 309(6953):521-523. Gavin, William Joseph 1995 Cuttin’ the Body Loose: Historical, Biological, and Personal Approaches to Death and Dying. Temple University Press, Philadelphia, PA. (ISBN: 1566392985) Gayton, Anna H. 1924 A Survey of Aerial Sepulture. Master's Thesis, University of California, Berkeley. Geddes, Gordon E. 1981 Welcome Joy: Death in Puritan New England, UMI, Ann Arbor, Michigan Geller,P. 2012 Parting (with) the Dead: Body Partibility as Evidence of Commoner Ancestor Veneration. Ancient Mesoamerica, 23:115-130. Geiling, Jeanne Marie, and Ana B. Marin-Arroyo 2015 Spatial Distribution Analysis of the Lower Magdalenian Human Burial in El Mirón Cave (Cantabria, Spain). Journal of Archaeological Science, 60:47-56. Ghanem, I. 1988 Permission for Performing an Autopsy: The Pitfalls Under Islamic Law. Medicine, Science and the Law, 28:241-242. Gilbert, Dandra M. 2006 Death’s Door: Modern Dying and the Ways We Grieve: A Cultural Study. W.W.Norton, New York, New York Gill, James R., Christopher W. Rainwater, and Bradley J. Adams 2009 Santeria and Palo Mayombe: Skulls, Mercury, and Artifacts. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 54(6):1458-1462. Gillespie, S. 2001 Personhood, Agency, and Mortuary Ritual: A Case Study from the Ancient Maya. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 20:73-112. Giesey, Ralph E. 1960 The Royal Funeral Ceremony in Renaissance France. Librairie E. Droz, Geneva, Switzerland. Gilanshah, Farah 1993 Islamic Customs Regarding Death. in Ethnic Variations in Dying, Death, and Grief: Diversity in Universality, Donald P. Irish, Kathleen F. Lundquist, and Vivian Jenkins Nelson editors, Taylor and Francis, Washington, D.C. pp.137-145. Gilchrist, R. 2008 Magic for the Dead? The Archaeology of Magic in Later Medieval Burials. Medieval Archaeology, 52:119-159. Gilchrist, R., and B. Sloane 2005 Requiem: The Medieval Monastic Cemetery in Britain. Museum of London Archaeology Service, London, UK. Gill, J.R., C.W. Rainwater, and B.J. Adams 2009 Santeria and Palo Mayombe: Skulls, Mercury, and Artifacts. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 54(6):1458-1462. Gillman, Henry 1878 Crania Utilized as Cinerary Urn in a Burial Mound in Florida. American Naturalist, 12(11):753-754. Gillman, Neil 1997 The Death of Death: Resurrection and Immortality in Jewish Thought. Jewish Lights Publishing, Woodstock, Vermont Girard, R. 1977 Violence and the Sacred, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD. Gittings, Clare 1984 Death, Burial, and the Individual in Early Modern England. Croom Helm, London,UK. Giuffra, Valentina, Antonio Fornacian, Silvia Marvelli, Marrco Marchesini, Davide Caramella, and Gino Fornaciari 2011 Embalming Methods and Plants in Renaissance Italy: Two Artificial Mummies from Siena (Central Italy). Journal of Archaeological 2797 Science, 38(8):1949-1956. Glencross, Bonnie 2013 Into the Kettle: The Analysis of Commingled Remains from Southern Ontario. In J. Osterholtz, K.M. Baustian, and D.L. Martin, editors, Commingled and Disarticulated Human Remains: Working Toward Improved Theory, Method, andData. Springer, New York, NY. pp.67-82. Glob, P.V. 1969 The Bog People, Iron Age Man Preserved. Cornell University Press, New York. (also cited as Ballatine Books, New York). Goldenberg, Robert 1992 Bound Up in the Bond of Life: Death and Afterlife in Jewish Tradition. In Hiroshi Obayashi, editor, Death and Afterlife Perspectives of World Religions, Praeger, London, UK, pp.97-108. Goldstein, Lynne Gail 1980 Mississippian Mortuary Practices: A Case Study of Two Cemeteries in the Lower Illinois Valley. Northwestern University Archaeological Program, Evanston, IL. 1981a Mississippian Mortuary Practices. Northwestern University Archaeological Program, Scientific Paper, Number 4, Evanston, Illinois. 1981b One-Dimensional Archaeology and Multi-Dimensional People: Spatial Organization and Mortuary Analysis. In Robert Chapman, Ian Kinnes, and Klavs Rendsburg, editors, The Archaeology of Death, Cambridge University Press, London, UK, pp.53-69. 2012 The Alameda-Stone Cemetery and Mortuary Archaeology. In M.P. Heilen, editor, Uncovering Identity in Mortuary Analysis. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California, pp. 227-249. Goldstein, Lynne, and Sissel Schroeder n.d. An Examination of the Practice of Secondary Disposal of the Dead. On File, Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Goldstein, Lynne, Kristin J. Sewell, Michael P. Heilen, and Joseph T. Hefner 2012 Mortuary Synthesis. In M.P. Heilen, editor, Uncovering Identity in Mortuary Analysis. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California, pp. 185-226. Gonzalez, Joseph M. 2015 Fashioning Death: Clothing, Memory and Identity in 16th Century Swedish Funerary Practice. In Sarah Tarlow, editor, The Archaeology of Death in Post-medieval Europe De Guyter Limited, Warsaw, Poland/Berlin, Germany, pp.111-124. Gonzalez-Wippler, M. 1996 Santeria: The Religion, Llewellyn Publishing, St. Paul, MN. Good, B.J., M.D. Good, and R. Moradi 1985 The Interpretation of Iranian Depressive Illness and Dysphoric Affect. in Culture and Depression. A. Kleinman and B.J. Good (editors), University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, pp. 369-428. Goodman, A.M. 1981 A Plain Pine Box: A Return to Simple Jewish Funerals and Eternal Traditions. KTAV, New York, NY. Goodman, Norman R., Jeffrey L. Goodman, and Walter I. Hofman 2011 Autopsy: Traditional Jewish Laws and Customs "Halacha". American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 32(3):300-303. Goodwin, Conrad M. 1981 Ethnicity in the Graveyard. Unpublished Masters of Arts Thesis, Department of Anthropology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA. Goodwin, Michele 2006 Black Markets: The Supply and Demand of Body Parts. Cambridge University Press, New York, New York Goody, Jack 1962 Death, Property and the Ancestors: A Study of the Mortuary Customs of the LoDagaa of West Africa. Tavistock, London. Gore, P. 1992 From Undertaker to Funeral Director: the Development of Funeral Firms in East Kent. Unpublished M. Phil Thesis, University of Kent Gorer, Geoffrey. 1955 The Pornography of Death. Encounter, 5:49-53. 1965 Death, Grief and Mourning in Contemporary Britain. London. 2798 1967 Death, Grief, and Mourning. Doubleday, Garden City, NY. Gosnell, Lynn, and Suzanne Gott 1989 San Fernando Cemetery: Decoration of Love and Loss in a Mexican-American Community. In Richard E. Meyer, editor, Cemeteries and Gravemarkers: Voices of American Culture, Utah State University Press, Logan, Utah, pp.217-235. Gosse, R. 1976 The Provision of Funeral and Cemetery Services in British Columbia. A Report to the Honourable K. Rafe Mair, Minister of Consumer Services. Gouin, Margaret 2010 Tibetan Rituals of Death: Buddhist Funerary Practices. Routledge, London, UK. Gould, R.A. 1978 The Anthropology of Human Residues. American Anthropologist, 80: 815-834. Gould, R.J. (editor) 1978 Explorations in Ethnoarchaeology. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, NM. Gowland, Rebecca, and Christopher Knüsel 2007 Social Archaeology of Funerary Remains. Oxbow, Oxford, UK. (ISBN: 1 84217 211 5) Gradwohl, David Mayer 1993 Intra-Group Diversity in Midwest American Jewish Cemeteries: An Ethnological Perspective. In James B. Stoltman, editor, Archaeology of Eastern Norrh American: Papers in Honor of Stephen Williams, Mississippi Department of Archives and History, Jackson, Mississippi, pp. 363-382. Grainger, I., D. Hawkins, L. Cowal, and R. Mikulski 2008 The Black Death Cemetery, East Smithfield, London, Archaeology Monograph 43, Museum of London, London, UK. Granqvist, H.N. 1965 Muslim Death and Burial: Arab Customs and Traditions Studied in a Village in Jordan. Helsinki, Finland. Gras, M., P. Rouillard, and P. Teiidor 1991 The Phoenicians and Death. Berytus, 39:127-176. Gräslund, Anne-Sofie, 2001 The Position of Iron Age Scandinavian Women: Evidence from Graves and Rune Stones. In Bettina Arnold and Nancy L. Wicker, editors, Gender and the Archaeology of Death, AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, California, pp.81-102. Grauer, A. 1991 Patterns of Life and Death: The Palaeodemography of Medieval York. In H. Bush and M. Zvelebil, editors, Health in Past Societies, B.A.R. International Series, 567:67-80. Grauer, A.L., and E.M. Mc Namara 1995 A Piece of Chicago's Past: Exploring Childhood Mortality in the Dunning Poorhouse Cemetery. In A.L. Grauer, editor, Bodies of Evidence: Reconstructing History Through Skeletal Analysis, Wiley-Liss, New York, NY.pp.91-103. Graver, Elizabeth P. 1973 Amish Bury Their Dead as Their Ancestors Did 250 Years Ago. Casket and Sunnyside, April: 44-47. Gray Jones, A. 2011 Dealing with the Dead: Manipulation of the Body in the Mortuary Practices of Mesolithic North West Europe. School of Arts, Histories and Cultures, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. Grayson, Donald K. 1990 Donner Party Deaths: A Demographic Assessment. Journal of Anthropological Research, 46:223-242. Green, Christopher 1977 The Significance of Plaster Burials for the Recognition of Christian Cemeteries. In Richard Reece, editor, Burial in the Roman World, Council on British Archaeology Research Report, Number 22, London, UK, pp. 46-53. Green, J., and M. Green 2006 Dealing with Death: A Handbook of Practices, Procedures and Law, Second Edition, Jessica Kingsley Publisher, London, UK. Green, Miranda 1998 Humans and Ritual Victims in the Later Prehistory of Western Europe. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 17(2):169-189. 2799 Greenhill, Thomas 1705 NEKPOKHDEIA: or the Art of Embalming, (publisher not cited), London. Griffin, James B. 1930 Aboriginal Mortuary Customs in the Western half of the Northwest Woodland Area. Masters Thesis, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Griffin, James B., Richard C. Flanders, and Pail F. Titterington 1970 The Burial Complexes of the Knight and Norton Mounds in Illinois and Michigan. Memoirs of the Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Number 2, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Griffin, James B., and Georg K. Neumann 1942 Burial Terminology and Description Number 2. Society for American Archaeology Notebook, 2(4):70-79. Grinsell, Leslie V. 1953 The Ancient Burial-Mounds of England, Second Edition. Methuen, London, UK. 1955 Death and the After-Life. Nature, 176(4487):809-812. 1961 The Breaking of Objects as a Funerary Rite. Folklore, 72(3):475-491. 1973 The Breaking of Objects as a Funerary Rite: Supplement. Folklore, 84(2):111-114. 1975 Barrow, Pyramid and Tomb, Thames and Hudson, London, UK. Grof, S., and J. Halifax 1977 The Human Encounter with Death. Dutton, New York. Grogan, E. 2004 Middle Bronze Age Burial Traditions in Ireland. In H. Roche, E. Grogan, R. Bradley, J.M. Coles, and B. Raftery, editors, From Megaliths to Metal: Essays in Honour of George Eogan, Oxbow Books, Oxford,, UK. pp.67-71. Grollman, A. 1974 Concerning Death: A Practical Guide for the Living. Beacon Press, Boston. Grønfeldt Petersen, C. 2012 Where People Tread, You Do Not Bury Your Dead! In H. Harnow, P. Belford, and L. Madsen, editors, Across the North Sea, Later Historical Archaeology in Britain and Denmark, circa 1500-2000 AD. Unversity Press of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. pp.287-296. Gruber, Jacob W. 1971 Patterning in Death in a Late Prehistoric Village in Pennsylvania. American Antiquity, 36(1):64-76. Guernsey, Julia, and F. Kent Reilly 2006 Sacred Bundles: Ritual Acts of Wrapping and Binding in Mesoamerica. Ancient America Special Publication 1. Boundary End Archaeology Research Center, Barnardsville, NC. (ISBN: 0-9791052-0-3) Gunaratne, V.F. 1966 Buddhist Reflections on Death. The Wheel, Buddhist Publication Society, Kandy, Sri Lanka, pp.102-103. Gunther, Vanessa 2010 Murder Most Foul: native Americans and the Evolution of the Death Penalty. In G. Bakken, editor, Invitation to an Execution: A History of the Death Penalty in the United States. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp.61-76. Gup, Ted 2000 Empire of the Dead. Smithsonian, 31(1): 106-113. Gupta, S.P. 1972 Disposal of the Dead and Physical Types in Ancient India. Oriental Publishers, Delhi, India Habenstein, Robert W. and William R. Lamers 1981 The History of American Funeral Directing, National Funeral Directors Association, Milwaukee, WI., Bulfin Printers. 1963 Funeral Customs the World Over. Bulfin Publishers, Milwaukee, WI. 2001 The History of American Funeral Directing, Fifth Edition, Burton and Mayer, Brookfield,Wisconsin Hacker, Debi 2800 2001 Iconography of Death, Chicora Foundation, Columbia, SC. Hacker-Norton, Debi, and Michael Trinkley 1984 Remember Man Thou Art Dust: Coffin Hardware of the Early Twentieth Century. Research Series 2, Chicora Foundation, Incorporated, Columbia, South Carolina. Hacker-Norton, Debi, and Michael Trinkley 1984 Remember Man Thou Art Dust: Coffin hardware of the Early Twentieth Century. Research Series 2, Chicora Foundation, Incorporated, Columbia, South Carolina. Hadingham, Evan 1994 The Mummies of Xinjiang. Discover, April, pp. 68-77. Haestier, R. 1934 Dead Men Tell Tales: A Survey of Exhumations, From Earliest Antiquity to the Present Day, John Long, London. Hagberg, Elizabeth B. 1939 Southwestern Indian Burial Practices. Masters Thesis, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. Haglund, Laila 1968 An Aboriginal Burial Ground at Broadbeach, Queensland: Excavation Report. Mankind, 6(12):676-680. 1976a An Archaeological Analysis of the Broadbeach Aboriginal Burial Ground. University of Queensland Press, Brisbane, Australia. 1976b Disposal of the Dead Among Australian Aborigines: Archaeological Data and Interpretations. Theses and Papers in North-European Archaeology, Number 5, University of Stockholm, St. Lucia. Hallager, Birgit P., and P.J.P. McGeorge 1992 Late Minoan III Burials at Khania: The Tombs, Finds, and Deceased in Odos Palama. P. Åströms, Göteborg. Hallam, Elizabeth and Jenny Hockey 2001 Death, Memory, and Material Culture. Oxford, Berg Hallam, Elizabeth, Jenny Hockey, a nd Glennys Howarth 1999 Beyond the Body: Death and Social Identity. Routeledge, London, UK. Halperin, E.C. 2007 The Poor, the Black, and the Marginalized as the Source of Cadavers in United States Anatomical Education. Clinical Anatomy, 20(5):489-495. Halporn, Roberta 2002 F.A.Q.: A Question Wrapped in a Conundrum: Why Do Jews Put Pebbles on Gravestones? AGS Quarterly, 26(1):4-27. Hamlin, Christine 2001 Sharing the Load: Gender and Task Division at the Windover Site. In Bettina Arnold and Nancy L. Wicker, editors, Gender and the Archaeology of Death, AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, California, pp. 119-135. Handler, Jerome S. 1994 Update # 4: New York’s African Burial Ground. African-American Archaeology, 12: 1-2. 1995 An African-Type Burial, Newton Plantation, Barbados. African-American Archaeology, 15: 1, 5-6. 1996 A Prone Burial from a Plantation Slave Cemetery in Barbados, West Indies: Possible Evidence for an African-type Witch or Other Negatively Viewed Person. Historical Archaeology, 30(3): 76-86. Hannon, Thomas J. 1983 The Cemetery: A Field of Artifacts. In Albert E. Ward, editor, Forgotten Places and Things. Center for Anthropological Studies, Albuquerque, New Mexico, pp. 263-265. Hanson, Douglas B. 1988 Prehistoric Mortuary Practices and Human Biology. In Brian M. Butler, editor, Archaeological Investigations on the North Coast of Rota Mariana Islands. Micronesian Archaeological Survey Report, Number 23, Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, pp. 375-435. Hanson, Douglas B., and Claire C. Gordon 1989 Mortuary Practices and Social Complexity in Micronesia: Problems and Prospects of and Emerging Archaeological Database. Man and Culture in Oceania, 5:37-66. Hanzlick, R. 2801 1994 Embalming, Body Preparation, and Disinterment: An Overview for Forensic Pathologists. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 15: 122-131. Härke, H. 1997 The Nature of Burial Data. In C.K. Jensen and K.H. Nielsen editors, Burial and Society: The Chronological and Social Analysis of Archaeological Burial Data, Aarhus University Press, Aarhus, 2014 Grave Goods in Early Medieval Burials: Messages and Meanings. Mortality, 19(1):41-60. Harmon, M., T.I. Molleson, and J.L. Price 1981 Burials, bodies and beheadings in Romano-British and Anglo-Saxon cemeteries, Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History, Geology), 35: 145-188. Harrah, Barbara K., and David F. Harrah 1976 Funeral Service: A Bibliography of Literature on Its Past, Present and Future: The Various Means of Disposition and Memorialization. Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, New Jersey. Harrell, K. 2014 The Fallen and Their Swords: A New Explanation for the Rise of the Shaft Graves. American Journal of Archaeology, 118(1):3-17. Harrington, J.M., and R.L. Blakely 1995 Rich Man, Poor Man, Beggar Man, Thief: The Selectivity Exercised by Graverobbers at the Medical College of Georgia 1837-1887. In S.R. Saunders and A. Herring, editors, Grave Reflections, Canadian Scholar's Press, Toronto, Canada. Pp.153-178. Harris, Mark 2007 Grave Matters: A Journey through the Modern Funeral Industry to a Natural Way of Burial. Scribner, New York, New York. Harris, O. 1982 The Dead and the Devils Among the Bolivian Laymi. In M. Bloch and J. Parry, editor, Death and the Regeneration of Life, Cmabridge University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Harrison, April K. 1982 Social Dimensions of Mortuary Practices of Late Nineteenth-Century Black Atlantans. Honors Thesis, College of Applied Sciences, George State University. Harrison, Barbara 1967 A Classification of Stone Age Burials from Niah Great Caves, Sarawak. Sarawak Museum Journal, 15(30):126-200. 1962 Borneo Death. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land-en Volkenkunde, 118(1):1-41. Harrison, Robert Pogue 2003 The Dominion of the Dead. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois Harrison, S. 2006 Skull Trophies of the Pacific War: Transgressive Objects of Remembrance. J R Anthropol Inst, 12:817-836. 2008 War Mementos and the Souls of Missing Soldiers: Returning Effects of the Battlefield Dead. J R Anthropol Inst, 14:774-790. Harrold, Francis 1980 A comparative analysis of Eurasian palaeolithic burials. World Archaeology, 12: 195-211. Hartland, E. Sidney 1911 Death and Disposal of the Dead. In James Hasting, editor, Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Scribners, New York, NY, pp. 411-444. Harvey, Thomas 2006 Sacred Spaces, Common Places: The Cemetery in the Contemporary American City. The Geographical Review, 96(2):295-312. Hatch, Robert T. 1995 What Happens When You Die: From Your Last Breath to Your First Spadeful. Citadel Press, New York, New York Hauptman, Judith 2002 Death and Mourning: A Time for Weeping, A Time for Healing. In John D. Morgan and Pittu Laungani, editors, Death and Bereavement Around the World, Volume 1: Major Religious Traditions, Baywood Publishing Company, Amityville, New York, pp.5777. Häusler, Alexander 1968 Burial Customs of the Ancient Hunters and Fishers of Northen Eurasia. Arctic Anthropology, 5(1):62-67. Hayes, C., and R. Kalish 2802 1988 Death Related Experiences and Funerary Practices of the Hmong Refugees in the United States. Omega, 18(1):63-70. Hayslip Jr., Bert, and Cynthia A. Peveto 2005 Cultural Changes in Attitudes Toward Death, Dying and Bereavement. Springer Publishing Company, New York, New York Hebenstein, R.L., and W.M. Lamers 1955 The History of American Funeral Directing. The National Funeral Directors Association/Bulfin Printers, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Hedager, L. 2010 Split Bodies in the Late Iron Age/Viking Age of Scandanavia. In K. Rebay-Salisbury and M.L. S. Sørensen, editors, Body Parts and Bodies Whole, Oxbow Books, Oxford, UK. pp.111-118. Hellbrom, A.B. 1971 The All Saints' Cult in Mexico. Tememos, 7:58-63. Heilen, Michael P. 2012a Uncovering Identity in Mortuary Analysis. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California (ISBN: 978-1-61132-183-8) 2012b Historic and Archaeological Overview for the Alameda-Stone Cemetery. In M.P. Heilen, editor, Uncovering Identity in Mortuary Analysis. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California, pp. 53-89. 2012c Cultural Affinity,Identity, and Relatedness: Distinguishing Individuals and Cultural Groups. In M.P. Heilen, editor, Uncovering Identity in Mortuary Analysis. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California, pp. 91-103. Heinz, Donald 1999 The Last Passage: Recovering a Death of Our Own. Oxford University Press, New York, New York Heisey, Henry W., and J. Paul Witmer 1962 Of Historic Susquehannock Cemeteries. Pennsylvania Archaeologist, 32(3-4):99-130. Hencken, Hugh 1978 Mecklenburg Collection, Part II: The Iron Age Cemetery of Magdalenska Gora in Slovenia, American School of Prehistoric Research Bulletin 32, University Museum Publications, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, PA. Henderson, A.B. 1976 Paupers, Pastors, and Politicians: Reflections Upon Afro-Americans Buried in Oakland Cemetery. The Atlanta Historical Bulletin, 20:97-111. Henderson, George, and Dorscine Spigner-Littles 1996 Practitioner’s Guide to Understanding Indigenous and Foreign Cultures: An Analysis of Relationships Between Ethnicity, Social Class and Therapeutic Intervention Strategies, (Second Edition). Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield, Illinois. Henderson, Howard 1891 Cremation: Rational Method of Disposing of the Dead. Press of Geo P. Houston, Cincinnati, Ohio Herring, Jonathan 2002 Giving, Selling and Sharing Bodies. In Andrew Bainham, Shelley Day Sclater, and Martin Richards, editors, Body Lore and Laws. Hart Publishing, Portland, Oregon. Pp.43-62. Hertz, R. 1960 Death and the Right Hand: A Contribution to the Study of the Collective Representation of Death Free Press, New York (also cited as published Cohen & West, London, UK. Hibbs, Thomas S. 2007 Dead Body Porn. The New Atlantis, 15:128-131. Hirayama, K.K. 1990 Death and Dying in Japanese Culture. In J.K. Parry, editor, Social Work Practice with the Terminally Ill: A Transcultural Perspective, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois. pp.159-174. Hirst, S.M. 1985 An Anglo-Saxon Inhumation Cemetery at Sewerby, East Yorkshire. York University Archaeological Publications, Volume 4, York. Hockey, Jenny 1990 Experiences of Death: An Anthropological Account, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, Scotland. pp.129-148. 1993 The Acceptable Face of Human Grieving? The CLergy's Role in Managing Emotional Expression During Funerals. D. Clark, editor, The Sociology of Death, Blackwell, Oxford, UK. pp.129-148 2803 1996 The View from the West: Reading the Anthropology of Non-western Death Ritual. In G. Howarth and P. Jupp, editors, Contemporary Issues in the Sociology of Death, Dying and Disposal, Macmillan, London, UK. pp.3-16. Hockey, Jenny, Jeanne Katz, and Neil Small 2001 Grief, Mourning, and Death Ritual. Open University Press, Buckingham, England Hodder, I., editor 1982 Symbolic and Structural Archaeology. Cambridge University Press. Hodge, C.J. 2013 Non-Bodies of Knowledge: Anatomized Remains from the Holden Chapel Collection, Harvard University. Journal of the Society of Archaeology, 13(1):122-149. Hodges, Dean George 1895 Ashes to Ashes. The New England Cremation Society, Boston, Massachusetts Hofman, Jack L. 1986 Hunter-Gather Mortuary Variability Toward an Explanatory Model. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Tennessee. Hogarth, A.C. 1974 Structural Features in Anglo-Saxon Graves. Archaeological Journal, 130:104-119. Hogue, S.H. 2000 Burial Practices, Mortality, and Diet in East-Central Mississippi: A Case Study from Oktibbeha County. Southeastern Archaeology, 19:63-81. Hohenschuh, W.P. 1900 The Modern Funeral: Its Management. Trade Periodical Company, Chicago, IL. Hohmann, John W. 2001 A Study of Sinagua Mortuary Practices and Their Implications. In Douglas R. Mitchell and Judy L. Brunson-Hadley, editors, Ancient Burial Practices in the American Southwest: Archaeology, Physical Anthropology, and Native American Perspective, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico, pp.97-122. Holbein, Hans 2016 The Dance of Death. Penguin/Random House, United Kingdom (ISBN: 978-0-141-39682-8) Hollinger, R.E., C. Botic, and S.D. Ousley 2004 Inventory and Assessment of Human Remains Potentially Affiliated with the Northwestern Band of Shoshone in the National Museum of Natural History, Repatriation Office, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Hollinger, R.E., E. Eubanks, and S.D. Ousley 2004 Inventory and Assessment of Human Remains and Funerary Objects from the Point Barrow Region, Alaska. In the National Museum of Natural History, Repatriation Office, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Hope, Jeanette 1998 Making Up Stories: Bias in Interpretations of Aboriginal Burial Practices in Southern Australia. In Mary Casey, Denise Danlon, Jeanette Hope, and Sharon Wellfare, editors, Redefining Archaeology: Feminist Perspectives, ANH Publishing, Canberra, Australia, pp.239-245. Hope, V.M., and E. Marshall 2000 Death and Disease in the Ancient City. London Houlebrooks, R. 1989 Death, Ritual and Bereavement. Routeledge, London, UK. Hovers, E., and A. Belfer-Cohen 2013 Insights into Early Mortuary Practices of Homo. In S. Tarlow, and L. Nilsson-Stutz, editors, The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Death and Burial, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. pp.631-642. Howard, Anna (editor) 1997 Death: Breaking the Taboo. Arthur James. (ISBN: 085305343X) Howarth, G. 1993 Investigating Deathwork: A Personal Account. In D. Clark, editor, The Sociology of Death, Blackwell, Oxford, UK. 1996 Last Rites: The Work of the Modern Funeral Director. Baywood, Amityville, New York 2804 Howarth, G. and O. Leaman 2001 Encyclopedia of Death and Dying. Routledge, London, UK Howell, T.L., and K.W. Kintigh 1996 Archaeological Identification of Kin Groups Using Mortuary and Biological Data: An Example from the American Southwest. American Antiquity, 61:537-554. Hudson, Kenneth 1984 Churchyards and Cemeteries. The Bodley Head, London, UK. Huffer, D., and D. Chappell 2014 The Mainly Nameless and Faceless Dead: An Exploratory Study of the Illicit Traffic in Archaeological and Ethnographic Human Remains. Crime Law Soc Change, 62(2):131-153. Hughes, D. 1991 Human Sacrifice in Ancient Greece. London Hughes, James J. 2001 The Future of Death: Cryonics and the Telos of Liberal Individualism. J Evolution Technol, 6: Humphrey, D.C. 1973 Dissection and Discrimination: The Social Origins of Cadavers in America, 1760-1915. B. New York Acad Med, 49(9):819-827. Humphries, S.C. and Helen King (editors) 1981 Mortality and Immortality. The Anthropology and Archaeology of Death, Academic Press, London. Humphry, D. 1991 Final Exit: The Practicalities of Self-Deliverance and Assisted Suicide for the Dying. Dell Publishing Group, New York, NY. Huntington, R., and P. Metcalf 1979 Celebrations of Death: The Anthropology of Mortuary Ritual. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England. Hurren, E. 2008 Whose Body is it Anyway?: Tracking the Dead Poor, Coroner's Disputes, and the Business of Anatomy at Oxford University, 18851929. Bull Hist Med, 82(4):775-819. Hussein, I., J. Rugg 2003 Managing London's Dead: A Case of Strategic Policy Failure. Mortality, 8(2):209-221. Hutt, S., and J. Riddle 2007 The Law of Human Remains and Burials. In V. Cassman, N. Odegaard, and J.F. Powell, editors, Human Remains: Guide for Museums and Academic Institutions, Alta Mira Press, Plymouth, UK, 223-243. Huxley, A.K., and M. Finnegan 2004 Human Remains Sold to the Highest Bidder! A Snapshot of the Buying and Selling of Human Skeletal Remains eBay, an Internet Auction Site. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 49(1):17-20. Huxley, Dawn 2002 Evidence Cited as Hard Proof of the Existence of Satanic Cults. The Skeptic Friends Network. http://www.skepticfriends.org/articles/showquestion.asp?faq-6&fldAuto=45 Hwa, Hsiao-Lin, Chih-Hsin Pan, Guang-Ming Shu, Chin-Hao Chang, Tsui-Ting Lee, and James Chun-I. Lee 2015 Child Homicide Victims in Forensic Autopsy in Taiwan: A Ten Year Retrospective Study. Forensic Science International, 257:413-419. Ikram, Salima 2003 Death and Burial in Ancient Egypt. Longman Pearson Education, London, UK. Ingersoll, Ernest 1892 Decoration of Negro Graves. Journal of American Folklore, 5:68-69. Iriarte-Chiapusso, Maria-Jose, Alvaro Arrizabalaga, and Gloria Cuenca-Bescos 2015 The Vegetational and Climatic Contexts of the Lower Magdalenian Human Burial in El Mirón Cave (Cantabria, Spain): Implications Related to Human Behavior. Journal of Archaeological Science, 60:66-74. Irion, P.E. 1968 Cremation. Fortress, Press Philadelphia, PA. Irish, Donald P. 1993 Memorial Services Among Quakers and Unitarians. in Ethnic Variations in Dying, Death, and Grief: Diversity in Universality, Donald 2805 P. Irish, Kathleen F. Lundquist, and Vivian Jenkins Nelson editors, Taylor and Francis, Washington, D.C. pp. 147-159. Irish, Donald P., Kathleen F. Lundquist, and Vivian Jenkins Nelson 1993 Ethnic Variations in Dying, Death, and Grief: Diversity in Universality. Galen Press, Tucson, Arizona. (also cited as published by Taylor and Francis, Washington, D.C.) Isabell, William H. 1997 Mummies and Mortuary Monuments: A Postprocessual Prehistory of Central Andean Social Organization. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas. Iscan, M.Y. 1995 Forensic Anthropology around the World. Forensic Science International, 74(1,2): 1-3. Iserson, Kenneth V. 1994 Death to Dust, Galen Press, Tucson, AZ. (ISBN: 1883620074) 2001 Death to Dust: What Happens to Dead Bodies?, 2nd Edition, Galen Press Limited, Tucson, AZ. Islam, K.M. 1976 The Spectacle of Death: Including Glimpses of Life Beyond the Grave. Tablighi Kutub Khana, Lahore, Pakistan. Jacobsen, T.W., and Tracey Cullen 1981 A Consideration of Mortuary Practices in Neolithic Greece Burials from Franchthi Cave. In Sarah C. Humphreys and Helen King, editors, Mortality and Immortality: The Anthropology and Archaeology of Death, Academic Press, New York, NY, pp.79-101. Jackman, Tom and Troy Cole 1992 Rites of Burial. Windsor Publishing Corporation, New York, NY. Jackson, Charles O. 1977a American Attitudes to Death. Journal of American Studies, 11(3):297-312. 1977b Passing: The Vision of Death in America. Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut Jackson, Kenneth T., and Camilo Jose Vergara 1989 Silent Cities: The Evolution of the American Cemetery, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, New York Jackson, M. 1972 The Black Experience with Death: A Brief Analysis Through Black Writings. Omega, 3(3):203-209. Jackson, Percival E. 1937 The Laws of Cadavers and of Burial and Burial Places. 1950 The Law of Cadavers and of Burial and Burial Places, 2nd Edition. Prentice Hall, New York, New York Jacobsen, John Gregory 2010 The Death Penalty in the Great Plains. In G. Bakken, editor, Invitation to an Execution: A History of the Death Penalty in the United States. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp.243-263. Jalland, P. 1989 Death, Grief and Mourning in the Upper Class Family. In R. Houlebrooke, editor, Death, Ritual and Bereavement, Routeldge, London, UK. pp.171-187. James, E.O. 1933 Origins of Sacrifice. A Study of Comparative Religion. John Murray, London. Jamieson, Ross W. 1995 Material Culture and Social Death: African American Burial Practices. Historical Archaeology, 29(4): 39-58. Jeane, Donald Gregory 1969 The Traditional Upland South Cemetery. Landscape, 18:39-41. 1978 The Upland South Cemetery: An American Type. Journal of Popular Culture, 11(1):895-903. 1987 Rural Southern Graveswtones: Sacred Artifacts in the Upland South Folk Cemetery. Markers, 4:55-84. 1989 The Upland South Folk Cemetery Complex: Some Suggestions of Origin. In R.E. Meyer, editor, Cemeteries and Gravemarkers: Voices of American Culture, Utah State University Press, Logan, UT, pp:107-136. 2806 Jensen, Claus Kjeld, and Karen Høilund Nielson 1997 Burial & Society: The Chronological and Social Analysis of Archaeological Burial Data. Aarhus University Press, Aarhus, Denmark or Oakville, CT. Jiang, Yu 2004 Ritual Practice, Status, and Gender Identity: Western Zhou Tombs at Baoji. In Kathryn M. Linduff, and Yan Sun, editors, Gender and Chinese Archaeology, AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, California, pp.117-136. Jiao, Tianlong 2001 Gender Studies in Chinese Neolithic Archaeology. In Bettina Arnold and Nancy L. Wicker, editors, Gender and the Archaeology of Death, AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, California, pp.51-62. Jirikowic, Christine 1990 The Political Implications of a Cultural Practice: A New Perspective on Ossuary Burial in the Potomac Valley. North American Archaeologist, 11(4):353-374. Johnson, E.C. 1955 A History of the Art and Science of Embalming. Casket and Sunnyside, Johnson, E.C., G.R. Johnson, and M.J. Williams 1989 Homes Method of Preserving Remains. The American Funeral Director, February, 1990 The Origin and History of Embalming. in Embalming: History, Theory, and Practice, edited by R.G. Mayer and G.S. Bigelow, Appleton and Lange, Norwalk, CT., pp. 23-57. Johnson, Marilyn 2015 Four Funerals and a Wedding: Skeletons Unearthed at Pocahotas' Wedding Chapel Tell a Vivid Story of the Near Collapse of One of America's First Settlements. Smithsonian Magazine, September: 68-80. Johnson, P. 2008 The Modern Cemetery: A Design for Life. Social and Cultural Geography, 9(7):777-790. Johnston, Richard B. 1979 Notes on Ossuary Burial Among the Ontario Iroquois. Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 3:91Jones, Andy M. 2008 Houses for the Dead and Cairns for the Living; A Reconsideration of the Early to Middle Bronze Age Transition in South-West England. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 27(2):153-174. Jones, Constance 1997 R.I.P.: The Complete Book of Death and Dying. Harper Collins. (ISBN: 0062701401) Jones, D. Gareth 1994 Use of Bequeathed and Unclaimed Bodies in the Dissecting Room. Clin Anat, 7(2):102-107. Jones, D. Gareth, and Maja I. Whitaker 2000 Speaking for the Dead: Cadavers in Biology and Medicine. Ashgate, Brookfield, England. 2012 Anatomy’s Use of Unclaimed Bodies: Reasons Against Continued Dependence on an Ethically Dubious Practice. Clin Anat, 25(2):246254. Jones, E.B. 1997 Labret Wear in Alaskan Remains. A paper presented at the 24th Annual Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, St. Louis, MO. Jones, Rick 1977 A Quantitative Approach to Roman Burial. In Richard Reece, editor, Approach to Roman Burial, Research Report, No. 22, London, UK, pp.20-25. Jones, William 1906 Mortuary Observances and the Adoption Rites of the Algonkin Foxes of Iowa. Proceedings of the International Congress of Americanists, 15(1):263-277. Jordan, Terry G. 1982 Texas Graveyards: A Cultural Legacy. University of Texas Press, Austin, TX. Joyce, R.A. 2001 Burying the Dead at Tlatilco: Social Memory and Social Identities. In M.S. Chesson, editor, Social Memory, Identity, and Death: Anthropological Perspectives on Mortuary Rituals. Archaeological Papers, Volume 10, American Anthropological Association, Arlington, Virginia. pp.12-26. 2807 Jupp, Peter C. 1990 Dust to Ashes: The Replacement of Burial by Cremation in England, 1840-1967. Congregational Memorial Hall Trust, London, UK 1993 Cremation or Burial? Contemporary Choice in City and Village. In D. Clark, editor, The Sociology of Death, Blackwell, Oxford, UK. pp.169-197. Jupp, Peter C. and Glennys Howarth (editors) 1997 The Changing Face of Death: Historical Accounts of Death and Disposal. St. Martins Press, New York. (ISBN: 0312164033) Kahaner, L. 1988 Cults that Kill: Probing the Underworld of Occult Crime. (ISBN: 0-446-51375-X) Kalish, Richard A. 1980 Death and Dying: Views from Many Cultures, Baywood, Farmingdale, New York. pp.72-91. Kalish, Richard A.and David K. Reynolds 1976 Death and Ethnicity: A Psychocultural Study. University of Southern California Press, Los Angeles, CA. 1979 Death and Ethnicity: A Psychocultural Study, Perspectives on Death and Dying I: Views from Many Cultures. Baywood, New York. 1981 Death and Ethnicity: A Psychocultural Study, Perspectives on Death and Dying IV: A Psychocultural Study. Baywood, Farmingdale, NY. Kamerman, J.B. 1988 Death in the Midst of Social and Cultural Influences on Death, Grief, and Mourning. Prentice Hall, New York. Kamler, Kenneth 2006 The Donner Party: A Medical Doctor's Perspective. A Paper Presented at the 39th Annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology, Sacarmento, California. Kamp, K.A. 1998 Social Heirarchy and Burial Treatments: A Comparative Assessment. Cross-Cultural Research, 32:79-115. Kaneko, Erika 1966 A Review of Yayoi Period Burial Practices. Asian Perspectives, 9:1-26. Kania, R.R.E. 1983 Joining Anthropology and Law Enforcement. Journal of Criminal Justice, 11(6):495-504. Kannegaard Nielsen, E., and E. Brinch Petersen 1993 Burials, People and Dogs. In S. Hvass and B. Storgaard, editors, Digging into the Past. København, Nationalmuseet, pp.76-80. Kapches, M 1976 The Interment of Infants of the Ontario Iroquois. Ontario Archaeology, 27:29-39. Karn, Alexander 2010 Amnesty International and the Death Penalty. In G. Bakken, editor, Invitation to an Execution: A History of the Death Penalty in the United States. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp.115-135. Kastenbaum, R. 1977 Death, Society, and Human Experience. Mosby, St. Louis, MO. Kastenbaum, R.,and R.B. Aisenberg 1972 The Psychology of Death. Springer, New York, New York. Kastenbaum, R., and P.T. Costa 1977 Psychological Perspectives on Death. Annual Review of Psychology, 28:225-249. Kastenbaum, Robert K. and Beatrice Kastenbaum editors 1989 Encyclopedia of Death, Oryx Press, Phoenix, AZ. Kasule, O.H.K. 2008 An Islamic Ethico-legal Perspective on Autopsy. Islamic Medical Education Resources http://omarkasule-05.tripod.com/id297.html Kaye, Catherine 2808 2017 Capital Punishment Suggested Reading. In G. Bakken, editor, Invitation to an Execution: A History of the Death Penalty in the United States. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp.431-448. Kellehear, Allan 2007 A Social History of Dying. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Kelly, E. 2006 Sacrifice and Kingship. Iron Age Bodies and Boundaries. Dublin Kelly, I.T. 1965 Folk Practices in Northern Mexico: Birth Customs, Folk Medicine, and Spiritualism in the Laguna Zone. University of Texas Press, Austin, TX. Kelly, P.F. 1975 Death in Mexican Folk Culture. in Death in America. D. Stannard, editor, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, PA. Kemble, J.M. 1855 Burial and Cremation. Archaeological Journal, 12:309-337. Kendall, G. 1980 A Study of Grave Orientation. Unpublished Bachelor of Arts Dissertation, Institute of Archaeology, University of London. Kenin-Lopsan, M.B. 1978 The Funeral Rites of the Tuva Shamans. In V. Dioszegi and M. Hoppal, editors, Shamansim in Siberia, Akademiaikiado, Budapest, Hungary. pp.291-298. Kennedy, Kenneth A.R. 2002 Megalithic Pochampad: The Skeletal Biology and Archaeological Context of an Iron Age Site in Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Archaeology for Asia and the Pacific, 41: Kerrigan, Michael 2007 The History of Death: Burial Customs and Funeral Rites from Ancient to Modern. The Lyons Press, Guilford, Connecticut Kenzler, Hauke 2015 Religion, Status and Taboo, Changing Funeral Rites in Catholic and Protestant Germany. In Sarah Tarlow, editor, The Archaeology of Death in Post-medieval Europe De Guyter Limited, Warsaw, Poland/Berlin, Germany, pp.148-169. Khantipalo, 1980 The Bag of Bones. The Wheel, Buddhist Publication Society, Kandy, Sri Lanka, pp. 271-272. Kiernan, Kevin, John Spies, and John Dunkley 1988 Prehistoric Occupation and Burial Sites in the Mountains of the Nam Khong Area, Mae Hong Son Province, Northwestern Thailand. Australian Archaeology, 27:24-44. King, Thomas F. 1970 The Dead at Tiburon, Mortuary Customs and Social Organization on Northern San Francisco Bay. Northwester California Archaeological Society Occassional Papers, Number 2, Santa Rosa, California. Kinnes, Ian 1975 Monumental Function in British Neolithic Burial Practices. World Archaeology, 7(1):16-29. 1992 The archaeology of the archaeology of death. Archaeological Review from Cambridge, 11(1): 11-17. Kirk, L., and H. Start 1999 Death at the Undertakers. In J. Downes, and T. Pollard, editors, The Loved Body's Corruption: Archaeological Contributions to the Study of Human Mortality, Cuithne Press, Glasgow, Scotland Kjellström, A. 2005 A Sixteenth Century Warrior Grave from Uppsala, Sweden: The Battle of Good Friday. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 15(1):23-50. Klaver, Elizabeth 2005 Sites of Autopsy in Contemporary Culture. SUNY Press, Albany, New York Kletter, Raz, and Yosi Levi 2016 Middle Bronze Age Burials in the Southern Levant: Spartan Warriors or Ordinary People? Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 35(1):5-27 Klevnäs, A.M. 2010 Whodunnit? Grave-robbery in Early Medieval Northern and Western Europe. PhD Thesis, Girton College, Cambridge University, 2809 Cambridge, UK. Klinenberg, E. 2001 Bodies that Don't Matter: Death and Dereliction in Chicago. Body and Society, 7(2-3):121-136. Klug, Lisa Alcalay 2010 Jewish Funeral Customs: Saying Goodbye to a Loved One. The Jewish Federations of North America. http://www.jewishfederations.org/page.aspx?id=937 Knipe, David M. 1977 Sapindikarana: The Hindu Rite of Entry into Heaven. In Frank Waugh and Earlie Reynolds, editors, Religious Encounters with Death, Pennsylvania University Press, University Park, pp.111-124. Knox, Jean 1989 Death and Dying (Encyclopedia of Health, the Life Cycle). Chelsea House Publishing. (ISBN: 0791000370) Knusel, C., R. Janaway, and S. King 1996 Death, Decay and Ritual Reconstruction: Evidence of Cadaveric Spasm. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 15(2):121-128. Knüsel, C.J., and A. Outram 2006 Fragmentation of the Body: Comestibles, Compost or Customary Rite? In C.J. Knüsel and R. Gowland, editors, The Social Archaeology of Funerary Remains. Oxbow, Oxford, UK. pp.253-278. Koch, Joan K. 1978 Mortuary Behavior Patterning in First Spanish Period and British Period St. Augustine. The Conference on Historic Sites Archaeology Papers 1977, 12:286-304. 1983 Mortuary Behavior Patterning and Physical Anthropology in Colonial St. Augustine. In K. Deagan, editor, Spanish St. Augustine: The Archaeology of a Colonial Creole Community, Academic Press, New York, NY. pp.187-227. Kogon, S.L., and R.G. Mayer 1994 Analysis of Coffin Hardware from Unmarked Burials Former Wesleyan Methodist Church Cemetery, Weston, Ontario. North American Archaeology, 16:133-162. Kolatch, Alfred J. 1993 The Jewish Mourner's Book of Why. Jonathan David, New York, NY. Korn, Daniel, Mark Radice, and Charlie Hawes 2001 Cannibal: The History of the People-Eaters. Channel 4 Books, London, UK. Koudounaris, P. 2011 The Empire of Death: A Cultural History of Ossuaries and Charnel Houses. Thames and Hudson, London, UK. Kraemer, David 2000 The Meanings of Death in Rabbinic Judaism. Routeledge, London, UK. Kselman, Thomas A. 1993 Death and the Afterlife in Modern France, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. Kubasak, Michael W. 1990 Cremation and the Funeral Director: Successfully Meeting the Challenge, Avalon Press, Malibu, California Kübler-Ross, E. 1969 On Death and Dying. Macmillan, New York, NY. (also cited as published in 1970) 1973 On Death and Dying. Routledge, New York, NY. 1975 Death. The Final Stage of Growth. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliff, New Jersey. Kuhn, Dieter 1994 Decoding Tombs of the Song Elite. In Dieter Kuhn, editor, Burial in Song China, Edition Forum, Heidelberg, Germany, pp.11-159. Kujit, Ian 1996 Negotiating Equality through Ritual: A Correlation of Late Natufian and Prepottery Neolithic A Period of Mortuary Practices. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 15(4):313-336. 2000 Keeping the Peace: Ritual, Skull Caching, and Community Integration in the Levantine Neolithic. In Ian Kuijt, editor, Life in Neolithic Farming Communities: Social Organization, Identity and Differentiation. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press, New York, NY., pp.137-162. 2810 2001 Place, Death, and the Transmission of Social Memory in Early Agricultural Communities of the Near Eastern PrePittery Neolithic. In Meredith Chesson, editor, Social Memory, Identity and Death: Anthropological Perspectives on Mortuary Rituals. Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association, 10. American Anthropological Association, Naperville, IL. Kumar, Sachil, Anoop Kumar Verma, Wahid Ali, Abhishek Pandey, Irfan Ahmad, and Uma Shankar Singh 2013 A Study of Unnatural Female Death Profile in Lucknow, India. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 34(4):352-356. Kurtz, Donna C. and John Boardman 1971 Greek Burial Customs. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY. Laderman, Gary 1996 The Sacred Remains: American Attitudes Toward Death, 1799-1883. Yale University Press. (ISBN: 0300064322) 2003 Rest in Peace: A Cultural History of Death and the Funeral Home in Twentieth Century America, Oxford University Press, New York, NY. Lambert, Patricia M., Brian R. Billiman, and L. Leonard Banks 2000 Explaining Variability in Mutilated Human Bone Assemblages from the American Southwest: A Case Study from the Southern Piedmont of Sleeping Ute Mountain, Colorado. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 20:49-64. Lamm, Muarice 1969 The Jewish Way in Death an Mourning. Jonathan David, New York. Landau, Simha F. 1968 Ethnic Patterns of Criminal Homicide in Israel. Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Law, Institute of Criminology, Jerusalem. Lang, Kathryn A. 1982 Material Items Connected with the Disposal of Dead Infants. Term Paper in Historical Archaeology, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho. 1984 Coffins and Caskets: Their Contribution to the Archaeological Record. Masters thesis, Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Justice Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID. (also cited as Boise, ID) Lange, Louis 1903 Church, Woman and Cremation. United States Cremation Company. New York, New York Lange, Martina 1987 A Bibliography on Cremation. Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly, Strasbourg, Germany Lanning, Michael R., and George E. Dickinson 1985 Understanding Dying, Death, and Bereavement. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, NY. Larsen, C.S., J. Craig, L.E. Sering, M.J. Schoeninger, K.F. Russell, D.L. Hutchinson, and M.A. Williamson 1995 Cross Homestead: Life and Death on the Midwestern Frontier, In A.L. Grauer, editor, Bodies of Evidence: Reconstructing History Through Skeletal Analysis, Wiley-Liss, New York. Pp.139-159. Larsson, Lars 2002 Food for the Living, Food for the Dead. Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Lund, Sandgatan 1, SE-223 50 LUND, Sweden. 1989a Big Dog and Poor Man: Mortuary Practices in Mesolithic Societies of Southern Sweden. In T.B. Larsson and H. Lundmark, editors, Approaches to Swedish Prehistory: A Spectrum of Problems and Perspectives in Contemporary Research. British Archaeological Reports International Series No. 500, Oxford, pp:211-223. 1989b Late Mesolithic Settlements and Cemeteries at Skateholm, Southern Sweden. In C. Bonsall, (editor), The Mesolithic in Europe. Papers Presented at the Third International Symposium Edinburgh 1985, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, Scotland, pp:367-378. 1995 Man and Sea in Southern Scandinavia During the Late Mesolithic. The Role of Cemeteries in the View of Society. In A. Fischer, editor, Man and Sea in the Mesolithic. Coastal Settlement above and Below Present Sea Level. Proceedings of the International Symposium, Kalunborg, Denmark. Oxbow Monograph 53, Oxford, England, pp:95-104. 2000 The Mesolithic Period in Southern Scandinavia: With Special Reference to Burials and Cemeteries. In F. Ashmore, editor, Mesolithic Scotland. The Early Holocene Prehistory of Scotland and Its European Context. Edinburgh, Scotland. Lassek, A.M. 1958 Human Dissection: Its Drama and Struggle. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois 2811 Latta, Martha A. 2000 Review of The Feast of the Dead: Aboriginal Ossuaries in Maryland by Dennis C. Curry. Historical Archaeology, 34(4):102. Lattanzi, Giovanni 1997 Umbrian Tombs. Archaeology, July/August, 50(4): 18. Laungani, P., and J.D. Morgan 1998 Variations in Funerals Across Religions and Countries. Routledge, London, United Kingdom Lawrence, Susan C. 1998 Beyond the Grave – The Use and Meaning of Human Body Parts: A Historical Introduction. In R.E. Weir, editor, Stored Tissue Samples: Ethical, Legal and Public Policy Implications, Iowa University Press, Iowa City, Iowa. Pp.111-142 Laythe, Joseph 2010 The Death Penalty in the Pacific Northwest. In G. Bakken, editor, Invitation to an Execution: A History of the Death Penalty in the United States. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp.265-283. Leaney, Jennifer 1989 Ashes to Ashes: Cremation and the Celebration of Death in Nineteenth-Century Britain. In Ralph Houlbrook, editor, Death, Ritual, and Bereavement, Routledge, London. pp.118-135. Lee, Robert, and Derek Morgan 1994 Death Rites: Law and Ethics at the End of Life. Routledge, New York, New York Lee, Robert 1996 Death Rites. Routledge. (ISBN: 0415140269) Lehner, P. and A. Julen 1991 A man’s bones with 16th-century weapons and coins in a glacier near Zermatt, Switzerland. Antiquity, 65: 269-273. Leigh Fry, Susan 1999 Burial in Medieval Ireland 900-1500: A Review of the Written Sources. Four Courts Press, Dublin, Ireland. Leming, Michael R. 1991 Funeral Customs in Thailand. a paper presented to the Midwest Sociological Society, Des Moines, Iowa Lemoine, J. 1983 The Initiation of the Dead Among the Hmong. Pandora Press, Bangkok, Thailand. LeMoyne, F. Julius 1878 Cremation: An Argument to Prove that Cremation is Preferable to Inhumation of Dead Bodies. E.W. Lightner, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Le Roy, Melie, Maïté Rivollat, Fanny Mendisco, Marie-Hélène pemonge, Clement Coutelier, Christine Couture, Anne-marie Tillier, Stephane Rottier, and Marie-France Deguilloux 2016 Distinct Ancetries for Similar Funerary Practices? A GIS Analysis Comparing Funerary, Osteological and aDNA Data from the Middle Neolithic Necropolis Gurgy "Les Noisats" (Yvonne, France). Journal of Archaeological Science, 73:45-54. Le Roy, M. S. Rottier, C. de Becdelievre, S. Thiol, C. Coutelier, and A.-M. Tillier 2014 Funerary Behaviour of Neolithic Necropolises and Collective Graves in France. Evidence from Gurgy "les Noisats" (Middle Neolithic) and Passy/Veron "la Truie Pendue" (Late Neolithic). Archäologishces Korresp., 44(3):337-351. Leshnik, Lorenz 1967 Archaeological Interpretation of Burials in the Light of Central Indian Ethnography. Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 92(1):23-32. Lester, D. 1971 Attitudes Toward Death Today and Thirty-five Years Ago. Omega, 2:168-173. 1972 Studies in Death Attitudes, II. Psychological Reports, 30:440. Levin, Mary 1930 Mummification and Cremation in India. Man, 30(18):29-34. Lewis, James R. (editor) 1995 Encyclopedia of Afterlife Beliefs and Phenomena. Visible Ink Press. (ISBN: 0787602884) Lillios, Katina T., Anna J. Waterman, and Joe Alan Artz 2010 The Neolithic-Early Bronze Age Mortuary Rockshelter of Bolores, Torres Vedras, Portugal. Journal of Field Archaeology, 35(1):19-39. 2812 Lincoln, Bruce 1991 Death, War and Sacrifice: Studies in Ideology and Practice. University of Chicago Press. (ISBN: 0226481999) Lindsey, Arturo 1996 Santeria Aesthetics in Contemporary Latin American Art. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. (ISBN: 1-56098-644-1 or 1-56098-615-1) Linebaugh, Donald W. 2003 Burying the Dead in Lincoln County: An Analysis of the Holmes-Vardeman-Stephenson Cemetery Mortuary Artifacts. Paper Presented at the Twentieth Annual Kentucky Heritage Council Archaeological Conference, March 1, 2003. Louisville, Kentucky Litten, Julian W.S. 1985 Post-Medieval Burial Vaults: Their Construction and Contents. Bulletin of the Council for British Archaeology Churches Committee, 23"9-17. 1991 The English Way of Death: The Common Funeral Since 1450. Robert Hale, London. Little, Barbara J., Kim M. Lanphear and Douglas W. Owsley 1992 Mortuary Display and Status in a Nineteenth-Century Anglo-American Cemetery in Manassas, Virginia. American Antiquity, 57(3): 397-418. Little, M. Ruth 1989 Afro-American Gravemarkers in North Carolina. Markers, 6:102-134. 1998 Sticks and Stones: Three Centuries of North Carolina Gravemarkers. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC. Littleton, Judith 1998 East and West: Burial Practices Along the Murray River. Archaeology in Oceania, 34(1):1-14. Littleton, J., and R. Blair 1993 The Burialground at Sturts Billabong, Wentworth: A Preliminary Description. Report for New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service, Sydney. Llewellyn, Nigel 1991 The Art of Death: Visual Culture in the English Death Ritual C. 1500-C. 1800. Reaktion Books Ltd. (ISBN: 0948462167) Lobdell, J.E., and A.A. Dekin 1984 The Frozen Family from the Utqiagvik Site, Barrow, Alaska. Arctic Anthropology, 21(1): 1-154. Lobel, Jarrett A., and Samir Patel 2010 Clonycavan and Old Croghan Man. Archaeology Magazine, 63(3): http://archive.archaeology.org/1005/bogbodies/clonycavan_croghan.html Lock, Margaret 2004 Displacing Suffering: The Reconstruction of Death in North America and Japan. In Antonius C.G.M. Robben, editors, Death, Mourning, and Burial: A Cross-Cultural Reader, Blackwell, Oxford, UK, pp.91-111 Loendorf, C. 1996 Burial Practices at the Schoolhouse Point Mound, U:8:24/13a. In O. Lindauer, editor, The Place of the Storehouses: Roosevelt Platform Mound Study Report on the Schoolhouse Point Mound, Pinto Creek Complex, Part 2. Arizona State University Office of CulturalResource Management, Tempe, Arizona, pp:681-759. 1998 Salado Multiple Interments. Kiva, 63(4):319-348. 2001 Salado Burial Practices. In Douglas R. Mitchell and Judy L. Brunson-Hadley, editors, Ancient Practices in the American Southwest: Archaeology, Physical Anthropology, and Native American Perspectives, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, pp.123-148. Loffin, Margaret M. 1976 Death in Early America. Nelson, Nashville, Tennessee Lomnitz, Claudio 2008 Death and the Idea of Mexico. Zone Books, New York, NY. Long, J.H. 1894 Funeral Customs of the World. Popular Science Monthly, 45(6):806-812. 2813 Long, Kim, and Terry Reim 1986 Fatal Facts: A Lively Look at Common and Curious Ways People Have Died. Arlington House, New York, New York Lopez, Julius, and Stanley Wisniewski 1958 Discovery of a Possible Ceremonial Dog Burial in the City of Greater New York. Bulletin of the Archaeological Society of Connecticut, Number 29:14-19. Lorkiewicz, W, 2011 Unusual Burial From and Early Neolithic Site of the Lengyel Culture in Central Poland: Punishment, Violence or Mortuary Behaviour? International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 21:428-434. DOI: 10.1002/oa.1149 L'Oste-Brown, Scott, Luke Godwin, and Mike Morwood 2002 Aboriginal Bark Burial: 700 Years of Mortuary Tradition in the Central Queensland Highlands. Australian Aboriginal Studies, 1:43-50. Lovering, J.W. 1898 Monuments and Headstones. In Modern Cemeteries: A Selection of Papers Read Before the Annual Meetings of the Association of American Cemetery Superintendents, Association of American Cemetery Superintendents, Chicago, IL, pp. 95-97. Lovis, W.A. 1992 Forensic archaeology as mortuary anthropology. Soc Sci Med, 34(2):113-117. Lucy, Sam 1992 The significance of mortuary ritual in the political manipulation of the landscape. Archaeological Review from Cambridge, 11(1): 93105. 1994 Children in Early Medieval Cemeteries. Archaeological Review from Cambridge, 13(2):21-34. Lucy, Sam, and Andrew Reynolds 2002 Burial in Early Medieval England and Wales. Society for Medieval Archaeology, Monograph 17, Leeds, England (ISBN: 1 902653 65 3) Lundquist, Kathleen F. 1993 Personal Reflections on Death Crief, and Cultural Diversity. in Ethnic Variations in Dying, Death, and Grief: Diversity in Universality, Donald P. Irish, Kathleen F. Lundquist, and Vivian Jenkins Nelson editors, Taylor and Francis, Washington, D.C.pp.29-47. Lynch, L., and L. O'Donnell 2007 Cremation in the Bronze Age: Practice, Process and Belief. In E. Grogan, L. O'Donnell, and P. Johnston, editors, The Bronze Age Landscapes of the Pipeline to the West: An Integrated Archaeological and Environmental Assessment. Wordwell, Bray. pp.105-114. Lynch, Thomas 1997 The Undertaking: Life Studies from the Dismal Trade. W.W. Norton and Company. (also cited as published in 1997) (ISBN: 0393041123) Lyons, Claire L. 1996 The Archaic Cemeteries. Volume V in Morgantina Studies, edited by Malcolm Bell, III and Christopher Moss. Princeton University Press, Princeton. Madsen, Torsten 1979 Earth Long Barrows and Timber Structures: Aspects of Early Neolithic Mortuary Practices in Denmark. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 45:301-320. Mafart. B., J.-P. Pelletier, and M Fixot 2004 Post-mortem Ablation of the Heart: A Medieval Funerary Practice. A Case Observed at the Cemetery of Ganagobie Priory in the French Department of Alpes de Haute Provence. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 14(1):67-73. Mahoney-Swales, D., R. O'Neill, and H. Willmott 2011 The Hidden Material Culture of Death: Coffins and Grave Goodes in Late 18th-and Early 19th-Century Sheffield. In C. King and D. Sayers, editors, The Archaeology of Post-medieval Religion, Boydell, Woodbridge, UK. pp.215-232. Mair, Victor H. (editor) 1995a A Collection of Papers on the Mummified Remains Found in the Tarim Basin, Journal of Indo-European Studies, 23(3-4), University Museum Publications, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, PA. . 1995b Mummies of the Tarim Basin. Archaeology, March/April: 28-35. Malefijt, A. 1969 Religion and Culture. MacMillan, New York. 2814 Malim, T., and J. Hines 1998 The Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Edix Hill (Barrington A), Cambridgeshire. CBA Research Report, 112, CBA, York, UK. Malinowski, Tadeusz 1983 More on Burial Customs as an Archaeological Source. Current Anthropology, 24(4):525-526. Mallicoat, Stacy L. 2010 Politics and Capital Punishment, The Role of Judicial, Legislative and Executive Decisions in the Practice of Death. In G. Bakken, editor, Invitation to an Execution: A History of the Death Penalty in the United States. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp.9-24. Malsbury, J.O. 1899 Burial, Putrefaction, Disease, Death and Sorrow. Cremation, Health, Happiness and Longevity. Journal of the American Medical Association, 32:1102-1103. Marble, John O. 1885 Cremation in Its Sanitary Aspects: The Torch Versus the Spade. Clapp, Boston, Massachusetts Marden, Kerriann, and John W. Verano 2005 Anatomy of a Cauldron: Sociocultural Contributions to Understanding a Forensic Case. A Presentation before the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, February 21-26, 2005, New Orleans, Louisiana. Marino, Daniela 1997 Prayer for a Sleeping Child: Iconography of the Funeral Ritual of Little Angels in Mexico. Journal of American Culture, 20(2):37-44. Marki, Mary, and Christopher Clayton Smith 2010 Vigilantism during the Gold Rush. In G. Bakken, editor, Invitation to an Execution: A History of the Death Penalty in the United States. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp.403-411. Marks, A.S., and B.J. Calder 1982 Attitudes Toward Death and Funerals. J.L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL. Marmura, Michael E. 1987 Islamic Concepts of the Soul. In Lawrence E. Sullivan, editor, Death, Afterlife, and the Soul, Macmillan, New York, New York, pp.223231 Marriner, Brian 1992 Cannibalism: The Last Taboo, Arrow, London, UK. Marshall, C. 1999 The Romano-British Decapitation Ritual. M.Sc, Dissertation, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorshire, England. Marshall, L.G. 1989 Bone Modification and the 'Laws of Burial'. In R. Bonnichsen and M.H. Sorg, editors, Bone Modification, Institute for Quarternary Studies, University of Maine Center for the Study of the First Americans, Orono, Maine. pp.7-24. Marshall, P. 2002 Beliefs and the Dead in Reformation England. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. Martin, D.P. 1996 On the Cultural Ecology of Sky Burial on the Himilayan Plateau. East and West, 46(3-4):353-370. Martinez, R. And C. Wetli 1982 Santeria: a magico-religious system of Afro-Cuban origin. The American Journal of Social Psychiatry, II(3): 32-38. Masamba, J., and R. Kalish 1976 Death and Bereavement: The Role of the Black Church. Omega, 7(1):23-24. Mason, Michael Atwood 1993 The Blood that Runs in the Veins: The Creation of Identity and a Client's Experience of Cuban-American Santeria Dilogún Divination. The Drama Review 37(2):119-130. 1994 "I Bow My Head to the Ground": The Creation of Bodily Experience in a Cuban-American Santeria Initiation. Journal of American Folklore, 107(423):23-39. 1997 Practicing Santeria. Performing the Self: The Social Construction of Subjectivity in Humans and Gods in an Afro-Cuban Religion. PhD Dissertation, Indiana University. 2815 Mather, G., and L. Nichols, (editors) 1989 Dictionary of Cults, Sects, Religions and the Occult, Zondervan Publications, Grand Rapids, MI. Mathews, Robert H. 1909 Some Peculiar Burial Customs of the Australian Aborigines. William Brooks, Sydney, Australia Mathison, J. 1970 A Cross-cultural View of Widowhood. Omega, 1:201-218. Matson, Tim 2000 Round-Trip to Deadsville: A Year in the Funeral Underground. Chelsea Green, White River Junction,Vermont Matternes, Hugh B. 1998 The Cool Branch Cemetery (40HK9). In Charles Benz, editor, Archaeological Investigations of Sites 40HK5, 40HK6, and 40HK9, State Route 31 Corridor from Mountain Valley Road to North of Cantwell Valley Road, Hancock County, Tennessee. Transportation Center, University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, Tennessee. pp.130-186. Mayer, R.G. 2012 Embalming: History, Theory and Practice, (Fifth Edition). McGraw Hill Medical, New York, New York Mayer, R.G. and G.S. Bigelow (editors) 1990 Embalming: History, Theory, and Practice, Appleton and Lange, Norwalk, CT. McCane, Byron R. 1997 Burial Techniques. In The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East, Volume 1. E.M. Meyers, editor, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK , pp.386-387. McCann, Catherine J. 1947 Aboriginal Urn Burial in the Southeastern United States. Doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. McDonald, Morris J. 1973 The Management of Grief: A Study of Black Funeral Practices. Omega, 4(2):139-148. McDowell, Andrew 2010 Capital Punishment and Corporal Punishment in the California Gold Mines. In G. Bakken, editor, Invitation to an Execution: A History of the Death Penalty in the United States. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp.389-401. McDowell, Peggy 1982 New Orleans Ceneteries: Architectural Styles and Influences. Southern Quarterly, 20:8-27. McEvoy, Kieran, and Heather Conway 2004 The Dead, the Law, and the Politics of the Past. Journal of Law and Society, 31.4:539-562. McGrath, P. 2003 Religiosity and the Challenge of Terminal Illness. Death Studies, 27:881-899. McGuire, Randall H. 1988 Dialogues with the Dead: Ideology and the Cemetery. In M. Leone and P Potter, editors, The Recovery of Meaning: Historical Archaeology in the Eastern United States, Smithsonian Press, Washington, D.C. pp.435-480. 1992 Death, Society, and Ideology in a Hohokam Community. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado. McHargue, G. 1972 Mummies. MacMillan, New York. McHugh, Feldore 1999 Theoretical and Quantitative Approaches to the Study of Mortuary Practice. BAR International Series. Archaeopress, Oxford, England. (ISBN: 1-84171-005-9) McKee, T. 2007 Ressurecting the Rights of the Unclaimed Dead: A Case for Regulating the new Phenomenon of Cadaver Trafficking. Stetson Law Review, 36:843-879. McKelway, H.S. 1990 The McClendon Site: A Protohistoric Cemetery in Southeast Arkansas. Arkansas Archaeologist, 29:37-99. McKenzie, Douglas H. 1965 The Burial Complex of the Moundville Phase, Alabama. Florida Anthropologist, 18(2):161-174. 2816 McManners, John 1981 Death and the Enlightenment: Changing Attitudes to Death Among Christians and Unbelievers in Eighteenth-Century France, Oxford University Press, New York, New York McNiven, Ian 1996 Ethnological Specimens or Aboriginal Graves. The University of Queensland Archaeological Services Unit Report, Number 261. Meaney, Audrey L., and Sonia Chadwick Hawkes 1970 Two Anglo-Saxon Cemeteries at Winnall, Winchester, Hampshire. Society for Medieval Archaeology, Monograph Series, Number 4. Meehan, B. 1971 The Form, Distribution and Antiquity of Australian Aboriginal Mortuary Practices. Masters Thesis, University of Sydney, Australia. Mellor, P.A. 1993 Death in High Modernity: The Contemporary Presence and Absence of Death. In D. Clark, editor, The Sociology of Death. Blackwell, Oxford, UK. Melton, N.D., J. Montgomery, and C. Knusel 2013 Gristhorpe Man. A Life and Death in the Bronze Age. Oxford Metcalf, Peter and Richard Huntington 1991 Celebrations of Death, The Anthropology of Mortuary Ritual Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Meyer, Richard E. 1989 Cemeteries and Gravemarker: Voices of American Culture. Ann Arbor, MI. (also cited as published by Utah State University Press, Logan, Utah) 1993 Ethnicity and the American Cemetery. Bowling Greene State University Popular Press Meyer, Richard E., and David M. Gradwohl 1995 'Best Damm Dog We Ever Had':Some Folkloristic and Anthropological Observations on San Francisco's Presidio Pet Cemetery. Markers, The Journal of the Association for Gravestone Studies, XII:160-203. Meyers, David W. 1970 The Human Body and the Law, 2nd Edition. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California Meyers, Eric M. 1970 Secondary Burials in Palestine. Biblical Archaeologist, 33(1):2-32. Mikellide, Maria 2012 Burial Patterns During Times of Armed Conflict in Cyprus in the 1960s and 1970s. A Presentation before the 64th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Forensic Sciences, Global Research: The Forensic Science Edge, February 20-25, Atlanta, Georgia. Miles, Douglas 1965 Socio-Economic Aspects of Secondary Burial. Oceania, 35(3):161-174. Millar, J.F.V. 1981 Mortuary Practices of the Oxbow Complex. Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 5:103-118. Miller, D., and F. Parrott 2007 Death Ritual and Material Culture in South London. In B. Brooks-Gordon, F. Ebtehaj, and J. Herring, editors, Death Rites and Rights, Hart, Oxford, UK. Miller, Henry M. 1992 Mortuary Practices in the Seventeenth-Century Chesapeake Region. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology Conference on Historical and Underwater Archaeology, Kingston, Jamaica. Miller, T. 1995 America's Alternative Religions, SUNY Press, Albany, NY. Millett, Martin 1986 An Early Roman Burial Tradition in Central Southern England, Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 6(1):63-66 (also cited as published in 1986 Volume 5: 63-68) Millaire, J.F. 2004 The Manipulation of Human Remains in Moche Society: Delayed Burials, Grave Reopening, and Secondary Offerings of Human Bones on the Peruvian North Coast. Latin American Antiquity, 15(4):371-388. Mims, C. 2817 1998 When We Die: The Science, Culture, and Rituals of Death. St. Martins Press, New York NY. Mitchell, Douglas R., and Judy L. Brunson-Hadley 2001 An Evaluation of Classic Hohokam Burials and Society: Chiefs, Priests, or Acephalous Complexity? In Douglas R. Mitchell and Judy L. Brunson-Hadley, editors, Ancient Burial Practices in the American Soutwest: Archaeology, Physical Anthropology, and Native American Perspectives, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, pp.45-67. Mitford, Jessica. 1963 American Way of Death, Simon & Schuster, New York, NY. 1998 The American Way of Death Revisited, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, NY. 2000 The American Way of Death Revisited. Virago Press, London, UK. (also cited as published by Vintage Press, New York, New York) Miyamoto, Melody M., and Charles W. Showalter 2010 The Death Penalty in the Midwest. In G. Bakken, editor, Invitation to an Execution: A History of the Death Penalty in the United States. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp.227-242. Mohammed, Madadin, and Magdy A.Kharoshah 2014 Autopsy in Islam and Current Practice in Arab Muslim Countries. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 23:80-83. Mollesan, Theya 1991 Demographic Implications of Age Structure of Early English Cemetery Samples. Actes des Journees Anthropologiques, 5:113-121. 1992 Mortality Patterns in the Romano-British Cemetery at Poundbury Camp Near Dorchester. In Steven Bassett, editor, Death in Towns: Urban Response to the Dying and the Dead, 100-1600, Leicester University Press, Leicester, UK., pp.43-55. Mollesan, Theya and Margaret Cox 1993 The Spitalfields Project. Volume 2. The Anthropology: The Middling Sort. Council for British Archaeology Research Report, Council for British Archaeology, York, UK. Montimurro, Frank, and William Higbie 2001 Provolone in the Casket: Memoirs of a Mortician. Xlibris Corporation, Bloomngton, Indiana Moore, Clarence B. 1897 Certain Aboriginal Mounds of the Georgia Coast. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 11:1-138. 1905 A Form of Urn-Burial on Mobile Bay. American Anthropologist, 7(1):167-168. Moore, C.C., and J.B. Williamson 2003 The Universal Fear of Death and the Cultural Response. In C.D. Bryant, editor, Handbook of Death and Dying, Volume 1: The Presence of Death, Sage, Thousand Oaks, California. pp.3-13. Moore, Jerry D. 2004 The Social Basis of Sacred Spaces in the Prehispanic Andes: Ritual Landscapes of the Dead in Chimú and Inka Societies. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 11(1):83-124. Moore, Jerry, Cynthia Blaker, and Grant Smith 1991 Cherished are the Dead: Changing Social Dimensions in a Kansas Cemetery. Plains Anthropologist, 36(133):67-78. Moore, Joan A. 1970 The Death Culture of Mexicans and Mexican Americans. Omega, 1:271-291. Moore, Steve 1997 Strange Deaths. John Brown Publishing, London, UK. Morely, J. 1971 Death, Heaven and the Victorians. Studio Vista, London, UK. Morgan, Ernest 2010 Dealing Creatively with Death: A Manual of Death Education and Simple Burial, 13th Edition. Galen Press, Tucson, Arizona. Morgan, Ernest and Jennifer Morgan (editors) 1994 Dealing Creatively with Death: A Manual of Death Education and Simple Burial. Barclay House Books. (also cited as published by Galen Press, Tucson, Arizona as well as Zinn Communications, Bayside, NY) (ISBN: 0935016899) Morgan, J.D. 1995 Living our Dying and Our Grieving: Historical and Cultural Attitudes. in H. Wass and R.A. Niemeyer, editor, Dying: Facing the Facts, 2818 Taylor & Francis, Washington, D.C. pp.25-45. Morris, Ian 1987 Burial and Ancient Society: The Rise of the Greek City State. Cambridge University Press, London, UK. 1992a Death-Ritual and Social Structure in Classical Antiquity, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY. 1992b The Anthropology of a Dead World. In Death-Ritual and Social Structure in Classical Antiquity, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY. pp.1-30. Morris, Robert J. 2011 Maidens' Garlands: A Funeral Custom of Post-Reformation England. In C. King and D. Sayer, editors, The Archaeology of PostMedieval Religion, Boydell, Woodbridge, UK. pp.271-282. Morton, Robert J. 2004 "Viking Funeral" – Ritual Murder or Suicide?". A Presentation before the 56th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (Advance Program), February 19, 2004, Dallas, Texas. Mose, H.E. 1940 A List of Books, Pamphlets, and Articles on Cremation, Including the Collection of the Cremation Association of America, The John Crerar Library, Chicago, Illinois Moskal-del Hoyo, Magdalena 2012 The Use of Wood in Funerary Pyres: Random Gathering or Special Selection of Species? Case Study of Three Necropolises from Poland. Journal of Archaeological Science, 39(11):3386-3395. Muižnieks, Vitolds 2015 The Co-Existence of Two Traditions in the Territory of Present-Day Latvia in the 13th-18th Centuries: Burial in Dress and in a Shroud. In Sarah Tarlow, editor, The Archaeology of Death in Post-medieval Europe De Guyter Limited, Warsaw, Poland/Berlin, Germany, pp.88-110. Mulhall, E.,a nd E.K. Briggs 2007 Presenting a Past Society to a Present Day Audience. Bog Bodies in Iron Age Ireland. Museum Ireland, 17:71-81. Mullin, Glenn H. 1995 Death and Dying: The Tibetan Tradition. Penguin. (ISBN: 0140190139) Müller-Wille, M. 1974 Boat-Graves In Northern Europe. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater Exploration. 3(2):187-204. Munro, R. 1911 Death and Disposal of the Dead. In James Hasting, editor, Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Scribner's, New York, NY, 4:464-472. Munson, Cheryl Ann, and Della Collins Cook 2001 Residential Mortuary Practices and Skeletal Biology at the Late Mississippian Hovey Lake Site, Posey County, Indiana. Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology, 26: Murphy, E.M. 2008 Deviant Burial in the Archaeological Record. Oxbow, Oxford, UK. Murphy, J.M. 1988 Santeria: An African Religion in America. Beacon Press, Boston, MA. Murray, Peter 1971 Description and Analysis of the Lasanen Burials, In Charles E. Cleland, editor, The Lasasen Site, Publications of the Museum, Michigan State University Anthropological Series, 1:1, East Lansing, Michigan, pp.2-18. Murray, Virginia H. 2000 A Right of the Dead and a Charge on the Quick. Criminal Laws Relating to Cemeteries, Burial Grounds, and Human Remains. J Mo Bar, 56:115. Myers, J.E., H. Wass, and M. Murphey 1980 Ethnic Differences in Death Anxiety Among the Elderly. Death Education, 4:237-244. Myturn, Harold 1987 Recording Graveyards on the BBC Micro. In Peter Denley and Delan Hopkin, editors, History and Computing, Manchester University Press, Manchester, UK, pp.74-80. 2819 1989 Public Health and Private Sentiment: The Development of Cenetery Architecture and Funerary Monuments from the Eighteenth Century Onwards. World Archaeology, 21(2):283-297. 2000 Recording and Analysing Graveyards. Council for British Archaeology. Practical Handbooks in Archaeology, Number 15, York, UK. 2002 The Dating of Graveyard Memorials: Evidence from the Stones. Post-Medieval Archaeology, 36:1-38. 2004a Mortuary Monument and Burial Grounds of the Historic Period. Kluwer, Norwell, Massachusetts. 2004b Rural Burial and Remembrance: Changing Landscapes of Commemoration. In D. Barker and D. Cranstone, editors, The Archaeology of Industrialization, The Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology Monograph 2. Maney Publishers, Leeds, England, pp.223-240. Naess, Jenny-Rita 1970 The Significance of Orientation Elements in Iron Age Burial Customs at Voss: A Tentative Interpretation. Norwegian Archaeological Review, 3:73-83. 1972 Some Reflections on the Study of Iron Age Burial Customs in Norway. Norwegian Archaeological Review, 5:23-27. Nash, J. 1967 Death as a Way of Life: The Increasing Resort to Homicide in a Maya Indian Community. American Anthropologist, 69:455-470. National Funeral Directors Association 1974 Considerations Concerning Cremation, National Funeral Directors Association, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Nelson, Andrew J. 1998 Wandering Bones: Archaeology, Forensic Science and Moche Burial Practices. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 8(3):192-212. Nemo, Charles 1994 Serial Murders & The Satanic/Ritualistic Crimes Myth. http://members.aol.com/Karol666/page7/serial.htm Newell, Katherine S., Elin Ross, Carrie McVicker, and Jen Cromwell 2000 Discrimination Against the Girl Child: Female Infanticide, Female Genital Cutting and Honor Killing. Youth Advocate Program International, Washington, D.C. (ISBN: 0-9663709-7-X) Ngubane, H. 1986 The predicament of the sinister healer: some observations on ritual murder and the professional role of the inyanga. In M. Last and G.L. Chavunduka (editors), The Professionalization of African Medicine, Manchester, Manchester University Press, pp. 189-204. Nigh, Robin Franklin 1997 Under Grave Conditions: African-American Signs of Life and Death in Northern Florida. Markers, 14:158-189. Nigosian, S.A. 1993 The Zoroastrian Faith: Tradition and Modern Research, McGill-Queen’s University Press, Montreal, Canada Nilsson Stutz. L. 2003 Embodied Rituals and Ritualized Bodies. Tracing Ritual Practices in Late Mesolithic Burials. In Acta Archaeologica Lundensia, 46, Almqvist & Wiksell International, Stockholm, Sweden. Nilsson Stutz L, and I. Kuijt 2014 Perspectives - Reflections on the Visibility of Cremation as a Physical Event. In I. Kuijt, C.P. Quinn, and G. Cooney, editors, Transformation by Fire. The Archaeology of Cremation in Cultural Context. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona. pp.143147. Niquette, Charles M., and Nancy Ross-Stallings 1995 Deadmen Do Tell Tales: Comments on the Treatment of Historic Cemeteries as Archeological Sites. Manuscript, Cultural Resource Analysts, Incorporated, Lexington, Kentucky. Nissenbaum, A., and S. Buckley 2013 Dead Sea Asphalt in Ancient Egyptian Mummies--Why? Archaeometry, 55(3):563-568. Noblitt, J.R., and P.S. Perskin 1995 Cult and Ritual Abuse: Its History, Anthropology, and Recent Discovery in Contemporary America. Praeger Publishers, Westport, Connecticut (ISBN: 0-275-95281-9) Nock, D.B. 1932 Cremation and Burial in the Roman Empire. Harvard Theological Review, 25:321-359. 2820 Norton, Debbie, and Michael Trinkley 1984 Remember Man Thou Art Dust: Coffin Hardware of the Early Twentieth Century. Chicora Foundation Research Series 2. Chicora Foundation, Inc., Columbia, South Carolina. Novak, Axel E. 2008 House of Mourning: A Biocultural History of the Mountain Meadows Massacre. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, Utah. Nuland, Sherwin B. 1994 How We Die: Reflections on Life's Final Chapter. Galen Press, Tucson, Arizona. (also cited as Knopf, New York) (also cited as published by Chatto and Windus, London, UK) Nusbaum, J.L. 1966 Burials within the Church. In W. Smith, R.B. Woodbury, and N.F.S. Woodbury, editors, The Excavation of Hawikuh by Frederick Webb Hodge: Report of the Hendricks-Hodge Expedition, 1917-1923. Contributions from the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, Volume XX:199-202. Nutty, Coleen L. 1984 Cemetery Symbolism of Prairie Pioneers: Gravestone Art and Social Change in Story County, Iowa. Journal of the Iowa Archaeological Society, 31:1-135. Nwabueze, Remigius N. 2002 Spiritualizing in the Godless Temple of Biotechnology: Ontological and Statutory Approaches to Dead Bodies in Nigeria, England, and the USA. 29 Manitoba Law Journal, 171 Nyberg, J. 2010 A Peaceful Sleep and Heavenly Celebration for the Pure and Innocent: The Sensory Experience of Death During the Long Eighteenth Century. In F. Fahlander and A. Kjellstrom, editors, Making Sense of Things: Archaeologies of Sensory Perception, Stockholm Studies in Archaeology 53, PAG, Stockholm, Sweden. pp.15-34. Obayashi, Hiroshi 1991 Death and the Afterlife: Perspectives of World Religion, Praeger, New York, New York Ochoa, Tyler Trent, and Christine Newman Jones 1997 Defiling the Dead: Necrophilia and the Law. 18 Whittier Law Review, 539 O'Gorman, Jodie A. 2001 Life, Death, and the Longhouse: A Gendered View of Oneota Social Organization. In Bettina Arnold and Nancy L. Wicker, editors, Gender and the Archaeology of Death, AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, California, pp.23-40. Okdemir, Erdem, Abdullah Avsar, Alper Keten, and Ramazan Karanfil 2016 Effectiveness of Mortuaries in Turkey: A Questionnaire Study. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and PathologyAmerican Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 37(1):47-50. Olsen, Sandra L., and Pat Shipman 1994 Northern Plains Woodland Mortuary Practices. In Douglas W. Owsley and Richard L. Jantz, editors, Skeletal Biology in the Great Plains, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., pp.51-70. Olyan, Saul M. 2004 Biblical Mourning: Ritual and Social Dimensions, Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom Oppenhiem, Roger S. 1977 Maori Death Customs. Reed, Wellington, New Zealand. Oren, Eliezer D. 1973 The Northern Cemetery of Beth Shan. Brill, Leiden Orr, Phil C. 1941 Exceptional Burial in California. Science, 94(2449):539-540. Orser, Charles E., Jr. 1980 Toward a Partial Understanding of Complexity in Arikara Mortuary Practice. Plains Anthropologist, 25(88):113-120. O'Shaunghnessy, T.J. 1969 Muhammad's Thoughts on Death: A Thematic Study of the Qur'anic Data. E. Brill, Leiden Netherlands. O'Shea, John M. 1981 Social Configuration and the Archaeological Study of Mortuary Practices: A Case Study. in The Archaeology of Death, edited by R. Chapman, I. Kinnes, and K. Randsborg, pp. 133-134. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. (also cited as pages 39-52) 2821 1984 Mortuary Variability: An Archaeological Investigation. Studies in Archaeology, Academic Press, USA. Osterweis, Marian, Fredric Solomon, and Morris Green 1984 Bereavement: Reactions, Consequences and Care, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. (ISBN: 0-309-03438-8) Osuna, P. and D.K. Reynolds 1970 A Funeral in Mexico: A Description and Analysis. Omega, 1:240-269. Oswalt, Wendell H. 1974 Ethnoarchaeology. In Ethnoarchaeology, Monograph 4, edited by C. B. Donnan and C. W. Clewlow Jr., pp. 3-11, Archaeological Survey, Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles. Overmyer, D.T. 1974 China. In Frederick H. Holck, editor, Death and Eastern Thought, Abingdon Press, Nashville, Tennessee, pp.198-225. Owen, N.G. (editor) 1987a Death and Disease in Southease Asia: Explorations in Social, Medical, and Demographic History, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. 1987b Vietnamese Attitudes Regarding Illness and Healing. in Death and Disease in Southeast Asia: Explorations in Social, Medical, and Demographic History, N.G. Owens, editor, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. pp.162-186. Özbek, Metin 2009 Remodeled Human Skulls in Köşk Höyük (Neolithic Age, Anatolia): A New Appraisal in View of Recent Discoveries. Journal of Archaeological Sciences, 36(2):379-386. Panich, Lee M. 2015 "Sometime They Bury the Deceased's Clothes and Trinkets": Indigenous Mortuary Practices at Mission Santa Clara de Asis. Historical Archaeology, 49(4): Pader, E.J. 1982 Symbolism, Social Relations and the Interpretation of Mortuary Remains. BAR International Series 130.), British Archaeological Reports, Oxford, U.K. Palgi, P. and A. Abramovich 1984 Death: a cross-cultural perspective, Annual Review of Anthropology, 13: 385-417. Paperno, I. 2001 Exhuming the Bodies of Soviet Terror. Representations, 75:89-118. Pardi, M.M. 1977 Death: An Anthropological Perspective, University Press of America, Washington, D.C. Pardoe, C. 1988 The Cemetery as Symbol. The Distribution of Prehistoric Aboriginal Burial Grounds in Southeastern Australia. Archaeology in Oceania, 16:173-178. (also cited as 23(3):1-16). 1994 Wamba Yadu, A Later Holocene Cemetery of the Central River Murray. Archaeology in Oceania, 28:77-84. Parfitt, K. 1995 Iron Age Burials from Mill Hill, Deal. London Parker Pearson, Michael 1982 Mortuary practices, society and ideology: an ethnoarchaeological case study. In Symbolic and Structural Archaeology, I. Hodder (editor), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. 1986 Lindow Man and the Danish Connection: Further Light on the Mystery of the Bogman. Anthropology Today, 2(1): 15-18. 1993 The Powerful Dead: Archaeological Relationships Between the Living and the Dead. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 3:203-229. 1999 The Archaeology of Death and Burial. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, Texas. Parkes, C.M., P. Laungani, and B. Young 1997 Death and Bereavement Across Cultures, Routledge, London, UK. Parkes, Colin Maurray, Pittu Laungani, and Bill Young (editors) 1996 Death and Bereavement Across Cultures. Routledge. (ISBN: 0415131375) 2822 Parler, Mary Celestia 1962 Folk Beliefs from Arkansas: Death and Funeral Customs, Volume VIII. University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. Parrington, Michael Parker., and D.G. Roberts 1984 The First African Baptist Church Cemetery. Archaeology, 37(6):26-32. 1990 Demographic, Cultural, and Bioanthropological Aspects of a Nineteenth Century Free Black Population in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In A Life in Science: Papers in Honor of J. Lawrence Angel, J.E. Buikstra, editor, Center for American Archaeology Scientific Papers 6, Kampsville, Illinois. Parrington, Michael and Janet Wideman 1986 Acculturation in an Urban Setting: The Archaeology of a Black Philadelphia Cemetery. Expedition, 28(1):55-62. The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Parry, Joan K., and Angela Shan Ryan 1995 A Cross-Cultural Look at Death, Dying and Religion. Nelson-Hall, Chicago, Illinois Partridge, Ernet 1981 Posthumous Interests and Posthumous Respect. Ethics, 91(2):243-264. Pasquali, E.A. 1994 Santeria. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 12:380-390. Pate, F. Donald 1984 Mortuary Practices and Paleodiet as Archaeological Signatures of Social Organization and Status at Roonka on the Lower Murray River of South Australia. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Department of Anthropology, Brown University, Providence, RI. Patterson, Nancy-Lou 1989 United Above Though Parted Below: The Hand as Symbol on Nineteenth-Century Southwest Ontario Gravestones. Markers, 6:180-206. Pawar, Mohan N., Deodatta M. Suryawanshi, and J. Praveen Kumar 2015 Myths and Misconceptions about Medico-legal Autopsies Among the People of Tamilnadu, India. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 34:159-163. Paxton, Frederick S. 1996 Christianizing Death: The Creation of a Ritual Process in Early Medieval Europe. Cornell University Press. (ISBN: 0801483867) Pearson, Lynn F. 2002 Mausoleums. Shire Publications, Risborough, Buckinghamshire Pearson, Michael Parker 1993 The Powerful Dead: Archaeological Relationships between the Living and the Dead. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 3(2): 203-229. 2000 The Archaeology of Death and Burial, Texas A&M University Anthropology Series No. 3, Texas A&M University Press, College Station, TX. (ISBN: 0890969264) Peebles, Christopher S. 1971 Moundville and Surrounding Sites: Some Structural Consideration of Mortuary Practices II. In James A. Brown, editor, Approaches to the Social Dimensions of Mortuary Practices, Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology, Number 25, Washington, D.C. 1972 Monothetic Dividsive Analysis of the Moundville Burials: An Initial Report. Newsletter of Computer Archaeology, 3(2):1-13. Peirce, C.N. 1891 Sanitary Disposal of the Dead. Philadelphia Cremation Society, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Pellegrino, E.D. 2003 Moral and Religious Concerns about the Autopsy. In K.A. Collins and G.M. Hutchins, editors, Autopsy Performance and Reporting, Second Edition. College of American Pathologists, Northfield, IL. pp.27-38. Perlmutter, Dawn 2002 Investigating Cult and Occult Crime. A lecture before the International Association for Identification, Las Vegas, Nevada, August 7, 2002. 2004 Investigating Religious Terrorism and Ritualistic Crimes. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. (ISBN: 0849310342) 2823 2006a Mujahideen Blood Rituals: Forensic and Symbolic Analysis of al Qaeda Beheading, Mutilation and Prohibition of Images. A Presentation before the 91st International Educational Conference, The International Association for Identification, July 2-7, 2006, Boston, MA. 2006b Blood Rituals: Ritualistic Crime Scene Investigation. A Presentation before the 91st International Educational Conference, The International Association for Identification, July 2-7, 2006, Boston, MA. 2007 Blood Rituals: Ritualistic Crime Scene Investigation. A Presentation at the 92nd International Educational Conference of the International Association for Identification, July 22-28, 2007, San Diego, California. Perry, Hosea L. 1993 Mourning and Funeral Customs of African Americans. in Ethnic Variations in Dying, Death, and Grief: Diversity in Universality, Donald P. Irish, Kathleen F. Lundquist, and Vivian Jenkins Nelson editors, Taylor and Francis, Washington, D.C. pp.51-65. Petrasek, Mary Beth, G. Randall Moshos, Marie-Lydia Pierre-Louis, and Wendy M. Gunther 2001 Religious Rituals in the U.S. Parklands: The Rock Creek Witch Project. A Paper Presented at the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 53rd Annual Meeting, February 19-24, 2001, Seattle, Washington. Petrinovich, Lewis 2000 The Cannibal Within. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, Canada Pettigrew, T.J. 1834 A History of Egyptian Mummies and an Account of the Worship and Embalming of the Sacred Animals by the Egyptians with Remarks on the Funeral Ceremonies of Different Nations and Observations of the Canary Islands, of the Ancient Peruvians, Burman Priest & C, Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman, London, UK. Pettitt, P.B. 2002 The Neanderthal Dead: Exploring Mortuary Variability in Middle Palaeolithic Eurasia. Before Farming, 4:1-26. 2011 The Palaeolithic Origins of Human Burial. Routledge, London, UK. Pfeiffer, John 1994 Burials on the Crescent Beach Yacht Club, Niantic, Connecticut: There is Always a Lesson to be Learned. ASSEC News, 2:2-9. Pham, Xuan H.T. 1999 Mourning in the Ancient Near East and the Hebrew Bible. Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield, United Kingdom Philpott, Robert A. 1991 Burial Practices in Roman Britain: A Survey of Grave Treatment and Furnishing A.D. 43-410. Tempus Reparatum, British Archaeological Reports, British Series, 219. Phipps, William E. 1989 Cremation Concerns, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois Pierson, Michael A. 2010 Conflicts of Interest: Business, Death and the Bird Court. In G. Bakken, editor, Invitation to an Execution: A History of the Death Penalty in the United States. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp.25-45. Pietrusewsky, Michael and Lisa M. Willacker 1997 The Search for Father Bachelot: First Catholic Missionary to the Hawaiian Islands (1827-1837). Journal of Forensic Sciences, 42(2): 208-212. Piga, G., M. Guirguis, P. Bartoloni, A. Malgosa, and S. Enzo 2010 A Funerary Rite Study of the Phoenician-Punic Necropolis of Mount Sirai (Sardinia, Italy). International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 20(2):144-157. Piggott, Stuart 1973 Problems in the Interpretation of Chambered Tombs. In Glyn Daniel and Poul Kjærum, editors, Megalithic Graves and Ritual, Jutland Archaeological Society Publications, 11. Copenhagen, Denmark. Pine, Vanderlyn R.i 1969 Comparative Funeral Practices. Practical Anthropology, 16:49-62. 1975 Caretaker of the Dead: The American Funeral Director. Wiley, New York, Newy Pita, F., and C. Carmona 2004 Cerebral Death: From the Fear of Premature Burial to the Myth of the Living Donor. Acta Med Port, 17:70-75. Pitard, Wayne T. 2824 1996 Care of the Dead at Emar. In M.W. Chavalas, editor, Emar: The History, Religion, and Culture of a Syrian Town in the Late Bronze Age. CDL Press, Bethesda, Maryland Pitchugina, Tatiana 2001 The Descendents of Horsewomen Buried Only Men. alphagalileo, http://www.alphagalileo.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=PrintRelease&releaseid=7467 Poirier, David A., and Nicholas F. Bellantoni 1997 In Remembrance: Archaeology and Death, Bergin and Garvey, Westport, Connecticut Pokines, J.T. 2015 Santeria/Palo Mayombe Ritual Cauldron Containing a Human Skull and Multiple Artifacts Recovered in Western Masachusetts. Forensic Science International, 248:e1-e7. Polfer, Michel, and Jos Thiel 1997 The GalloRoman Cremation Cemeteries of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg - Initial Findings of Current Research. Internet Archaeology. http://intarch.ac.uk/journal/issue4/polfere_index.html Pollanen, Michael S. 2004 Alleged Lethal Sorcery in East Timor. Forensic Science International, 139(1):17-19. Polson, Cyril John, R.P. Brittain and Thomas Kenneth Marshall 1953 The Disposal of the Dead, English Universities Press, London, UK. 1962 The Disposal of the Dead, 2nd ed., Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL. Polson, C.J. and D.J. Gee 1973 Illegal disposal of the dead. Criminologist, 8: 3-14. Poirer, David A. 1996 In Perpetuity: The Northrup Cemetery. Cultural Resource Management, 19(10):12. http://crm.cr.nps.gov/archive/19-10/19-10-4.pdf Poirier, David A., and Nicholas F. Bellantoni (editors) 1997 In Remembrance: Archaeology and Death. Bergin & Garvey, Westport, CT. (ISBN: 0-89789-419-7) Pomara, C., D.P. Gianpaolo, S. Monica, F. Magliettta, F. Sessa, G. Guglielmi, et al 2015 “Lupara Bianca” a Way to Hide Cadavers after Mafia Homicides. A Cemetery of Italian Mafia. A Case Study. Legal Medicine (Tokyo), 17(3):192-197. Porta, D.J., T.A. Kress, P.M. Fuller, et alia 1996 Spiral Fractures - Definition and Determination of Torsional Direction from Radiographs. A Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, Nashville, TN, February 19-24, 1996. Potter, Elisabeth Walton, and Beth M. Boland 1992 Guidelines for Evaluating and Registering Cemeteries and Burial Places. National Register Bulletin, 41 Powell, Joseph F., and Helen Danzeiser Dockall 1996 Mortuary Characteristics at Phillips Memorial Cemetery. In Helen Danzeiser Dockall, Joseph F. Powell, and D. Gentry Steele, editors, Home Hereafter: Archaeological and Bioarchaeological Investigations at a Historic African-American Cemetery (41GV125), Report of Investigations, Number 5, Center for Environmental Archaeology, Texase A&M University, College Station, Texas, pp.105-127. Powell, Michael A. 2010 The Death Penalty in the South. In G. Bakken, editor, Invitation to an Execution: A History of the Death Penalty in the United States. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp.203-214. Praetzellis, Adrian 2000 Death by Theory: A Tale of Mystery and Archaeological Theory. Alta Mira Press, Walnut Creek, California (ISBN: 0-7425-0359-3 or 0-7425-0359-5) Preston, Laura 2007 Bringing in the Dead: Burials and the Local Perspective on Kythera in the Second Palace Period. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 26(3):239-260. Price, Larry W. 1966 Some Results and Implications of a Cemetery Study. The Professional Geographer, 18:201-207. Pringle, Heather 2825 2001 The Mummy Congress: Science, Obsession, and the Everlasting Dead. Hyperion, New York Pritchard, James B. 1963 The Bronze Age Cemetery at Gibeon, University Museum Monograph 25, University Museum Publications, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, PA. 1980 The Cemetery at Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan, University Museum Monograph 41, University Museum Publications, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, PA. Prothero, Stephen 2002 Purified by Fire: A History of Cremation in America. University of California Press, Berkeley, California (ISBN: 0-520-20816-1) Proulx, D.A. 2001 Ritual Uses of Trophy Heads in Ancient Nasca Society, in E. Benson and A.G. Cook, editors, Ritual Sacrifice in Ancient Peru. University of Texas Press, Austin, TX, pp.119-136. Puckle, Bertram S. 1926 Funeral Customs: Their Origin and Development. Werner Laurie, London, UK. (also cited as published by Singing Tree Press, Detroit, Michigan) Purnell, Nanette Napoleon 1993 Oriental and Polynesian Cemetery Traditions in the Hawaiian Islands. In Richard E, Meyer, editor, Ethnicity and the American Cemetery Traditions, Bowling Green State University Popular Press, Bowling Green, Ohio, pp.193-221. Puschila, Ion 2010 Ovines and Bovines. In G. Bakken, editor, Invitation to an Execution: A History of the Death Penalty in the United States. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp.97-113. Pye, J.W. 2007 A Look Through the Viewing Glass: Social Status and Grave Analysis in a 19th Century Kansas Cemetery, Unpublished Masters of Arts Thesis, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Arkansas. Quay, Paul M. 1984 Utilizing the Bodies of the Dead. 28 St, Louis University Law Journal, 889 Quinet, Kenna, Samuel Nunn, and Alfarena Ballew 2016 Who are the Unclaimed Dead? Journal of Forensic Sciences, 61(S1): S131-S139. Quigley, Christine 1996 The Corpse: A History. McFarland and Company, Jefferson, North Carolina. 2001 Skulls and Skeletons: Human Bone Collections and Accumulations. McFarland Publishing Company, Jefferson, North Carolina. Racy, J. 1969 Death in Arab Culture. Annals, New York Academy of Sciences, 64:871-880. Radzinsky, Edvard 1993 The Last Tsar: The Life and Death of Nicholas II. Anchor. (ISBN: 0385469624) Raff, David 2006 He’s Not a Pathologist, He’s Pathological. Haaretz, May 26, 2006 Ragon, M. 1983 The Space of Death: A Study of Funerary Architecture, Decoration, and Urbanism. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. Rahmani, L.Y. 1981a Ancient Jerusalem's Funerary Customs and Tombs: Part One. BA 44:171-177. 1981b Ancient Jerusalem's Funerary Customs and Tombs: Part Two. BA44(4):229-235. 1982 Ancient Jerusalem's Funerary Customs and Tombs: Part Four. BA45(2):109-119 Rahtz, Philip A. 1978 Grave Orientation. Archaeological Journal, 135(1):1-14. Rahtz, Philip A., Tania Dickinson, and Lorna Watts 1980 Anglo-Saxon Cemeteries 1979. BAR, British Series, 82, Oxford, UK. 2826 Rainville, Lynn 2000 A Review of Bereavement and Commemoration: An Archaeology of Mortality by Sarah Tarlow. American Antiquity, 65(3):581. Rakita, Gordon F.M. 2007 Bioarchaeology. SAS Bulletin, 30(4):16-17. Rakita, Gordon F.M., Jane E. Buikstra, Lane A. Beck, and Sloan R. Williams, editors 2005 Interacting with the Dead: Perspectives on Mortuary Archaeology for the New Millennium, University Press of Florida, Gainesville, FL. (ISBN: 0-8130-2856-6) Rambachan, A. 2003 The Hindu Way of Death. In C.D. Bryant, editor, Handbook of Death and Dying, Volume 2: The Response to Death. Sage, Thousand Oaks, California. pp.640-648. Ramsland, Katherine 2001 Cemetery Stories: Haunted Graveyards, Embalming Secrets and the Life of a Corpse after Death. HarperCollins, New York, New York Randsborg, Klavs 1981 Burial and Early State Formation in Denmark. In Robert Chapman, Ian Kinnes, and Klavs Randsborg, editors, Cambridge University Press, London, UK, pp.105-122. 1989 The archaeology of the visual: burials past and present, Dialoghi di Archeologia, 7: 85-96. Rankin-Hill, Lesley M. 1997 A Biohistory of 19th Century Afro-Americans: The Burial Remains of a Philadelphia Cemetery. Bergin Garvey, Westport, Connecticut. Raphael, B, 1995 The Death of a Child. In J.B. Williamson and E.S. Shneidman, editors, Death: Current Perspectives, 4th Edition. Mayfield, Mountain View, California. pp.261-275. Raschke, C.A. 1994 Satanic Ritual Abuse of Children is Widespread. In Child Abuse: Opposing Viewpoints, David Bender and Bruno Leone, editors. Greenhaven Press Incorporated, Sand Diego, CA, pp142-148. Rascovsky, A. 1995 Filicide: The Murder, Humiliation, Mutilation, Denigration, and Abandonment of Children by Parents. Jason Aronson, Inc., Northvale, NJ. (ISBN: 1-56821-456-1) Rasmussen, K.L., M. Torino, G. Glastrup, N.T. Ramseyer, and P. Bjerregaard 2012 On the Embalment of S. Francesco Caracciolo. Archaeometry, 54(6):110-1113. Rathje, William L. 1979 Modern Material Culture Studies. In M.B. Schiffer, editor, Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, 2, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp: 1-38. Rautman, Alison E., and Todd W. Fenton 2005 A Case of Historic Cannibalism in the American West: Implications for Southwestern Archaeology. American Antiquity, 70:321-341. Ravesloot, John C. 1988 Mortuary Practices and Social Differentiation at Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, Mexico. Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona No. 49, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona. Rebay-Salisbury, K. 2012 Inhumation and Cremation: How Burial Practices are Linked to Beliefs. In M.L.S. Sorensen and K. Rebay-Salisbury, editors, Embodied Knowledge: Historical Perspectives on Technology and Belief. Oxbow, Oxford, UK. pp.15-26. Redfern, R. 2008 New Evidence for iron Age Secondary Burial Practice and Bone Modification from Gussage All Saints and Maiden Castle (Dorset, England), Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 27(3):281-301. Redmond, Brian 1982 Drilled Skulls and Eyes of Clay: Late Woodland Burial Ceremonialism in the Western Lake Erie Basin. Toledo Area Aboriginal Research Bulletin, 11:1-36. Reece, R. 1977 Burial in the Roman World, London, UK. 2827 Reese-Taylor, Kathry, Marc Zender, and Pamela L. Geller 2006 Fit to be Tied: Funerary Practies Among the Prehispanic Maya. In J. Guernsey and F.K. Reilly, editors, Sacred Bundles: Ritual Acts of Wrapping and Binding in Mesoamerica. Boundary End Archaeology Researc Center, Barnardsville, North Carolina, pp.40-58. Reeve, J., and M. Cox 1999 Research and Our Recent Ancestors: Post-Medieval Burial Grounds. In J. Downes and T. Pollard, editors, The Loved Body's Corruption, Cruithne Press, Glasgow, Scotland, pp159Reilly, Stuart 2003 Processing the Dead in Neolithic Orkney. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 22(2):133-154. Reimer, J. (editor) 1974 Jewish Reflections on Death. Schocken Books, New York. Reimers, Eva 1999 Death and Identity: Graves and Funerals as Cultural Communication. Mortality, 4(2):147-166. Reis, Joao Jose 1992 Death to the Cemetery: Funerary Reform and Rebellion in Brazil, 1936. In B. Schwartz, editor, Latin American History, Special Issue, History Workshop, 34:33-46. Rendu, W., C. Beauval, I. Crevecoeur, P. Bayle, A. Balzeau, T. Bismuth, L. Bourguignon, G. Delfour, J.-P. Faivre, F. Lacrampe-Cuyaubere, C. Tavormina, D. Todisco, A. Turq, and B. Maureille 2014 Evidence Supporting an Intentional Neandertal Burial at La Chapelle-aux-Saints (Correze, France). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111:81-86. Renteln, A.D 2002 The Rights of the Dead: Autopsies and Corpse Mismanagement in Multicultural Societies. South Atlantic Quarterly, 100(4):1005-1027. Renouard, A. 1878 The Undertaker’s manual: A Treatise of Useful and Reliable Information; Embracing Complete and Detailed Instructions for the Preservation of Bodies, A.H. Nirdlinger & Company, Rochester, NY. Resk, Thomas K., and Thomas A. Rudd 2004 Hmong Cultural Aversion to Forensic Austopsy: Bridging Communication and Cultural Barrier. A Poster Presentation before the 56th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (Advance Program), February 19, 2004, Dallas, Texas. Reynolds, A. 2009 Anglo-Saxon Deviant Burial Customs. Oxford Rice, J.R. 2006 Funerals Aren’t Funny: But Sometimes Funny Things Happen at Funerals. Infinity, West Conshohoken, Pennsylvania Richards, Janet 2005 Society and Death in Ancient Egypt: Mortuary Landscapes of the Middle Kingdom. (ISBN: 0-521-84033-3) Richardson, J.T., J. Best, and D.G. Bromley 1991 Satanism Scare. Aldine de Gruyter Publishing Company, Hawthorne, NY (ISBN: 0-202-30379-9) Richardson, Ruth 1988 Death, Dissection and the Destitute. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois (also cited as published by Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, UK). 1989 Why was Death so Big in Victorian Britain? In R. Houlbrooks, editor, Death, Ritual and Bereavement, Routeldge, London, UK. pp.105117. 1995 "Donors" Attitudes Towards Body Donation for Dissection. The Lancet, 346:277-279. 1996 Fearful Symmetry: Corpses for Anatomy, Organs for Transplantation. In S.J. Younger, R.C. Fox, and L.J. O'Connell, editors, Organ Transplantation: Meanings and Realitites. University of Wisconsin Press, Wisconsin Rieber, Robert W., and William A. Stewart 1990 The Language Scientist as Expert in the Legal Setting: Issues in Forensic Linguistics. New York Academy of Sciences, New York, NY. Riley, Thomas J., and Hak Soo Kwon 1992 Postmortem Spouse Residence in Nineteenth Century Illinois Cemeteries: Patterns of Kinship and Land Tenure. Death Studies, 16(2): 2828 Rinpoche, Sogyal 1994 The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying. Harper, San Francisco, California Riordan, Timothy B. 1997 The 17th-Century Cemetery at St. Mary’s City: Mortuary Practices in the Early Chesapeake. Historical Archaeology, 31(4):28-40. Riordan, Timothy B., and Ruth M. Mitchell 2011 Eighteenth- and Nineteenth- Century Brick-Lined Graves: Their Construction and Chronology. Historical Archaeology, 45(4):91-101. Rispler-Chaim, V. 1993 The Ethics of Postmortem Examinations in Contemporary Islam. Journal of Medical Ethics, 19(3):164-168. Ritchie, J. 1921 Relics of the Body-snatchers: Supplementary Notes on Mortsafe Tackle, Mortsafes, Watch-houses, and Public Vaults, Mostly in Aberdeenshire. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 55:221-229. Ritchie, J., N. Graham, and Alastair Maclaren 1973 Ring-Cairns and Related Monuments in Scotland. Scottish Archaeological Forum, Number 4, Edinburgh, Scotland. Ritchie, William A. 1955 Recent Discoveries Suggesting an Early Woodland Burial Cult in the Northeast. New York State Museum and Science Service Circular, 40. Rivera, Mario A. 1995 The Preceramic Chinchorro Mummy Complex of Northern Chile: Context, Style, and Purpose. In Tom D. Dillehay, editor, Tombs of the Living: Andean Mortuary Practices, Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, D.C., pp.43-77. Roach, Mary 2004 Stiff: The Curious Lives of Human Cadavers. W.W. Norton & Company, New York, NY. (also cited as published in 2003) Robb, J., R. Bigazzi, L. Lazzarini, C. Scarsini, and F. Sonego 2001 Social "Status" and Biological "Status": A Comparison of Grave Goods and Skeletal Indicators fromPontecagnano. American Journal of Physcial Anthropology, 115:213-222. Robben, Antonius C.G.M. 2000 The Assault on Basic Trust: Disappearance, Protest, and Reburial in Argentina. In Antonius C.G.M. Robben, and Marcelo M. SuarezOrozco, Editors, Cultures under Siege: Collective Violence and Trauma. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Pp.70-101 2004 Death, Mourning, and Burial: A Cross-Cultural Reader. Malden, Massachusetts Robbins, M. 1996 The Donation of organs for Transplantation: The Donor Families. In G. Howarth and P. Jupp, editors, Contemporary Issues in the Sociology of Death, Dying and Disposal, Macmillan, London, UK. pp.179-182. Roberts, D. 1993 The Iceman. National Geographic, 183: 36-67. 2000 Dig a Grave Borh Wide and Deep. Historic St. Mary's City Commission, St. Mary's City, Maryland. Robertshaw, A., and D. Kenyon 2008 Digging the Trensches: The Archaeology of the Western Front. Pen and Sword Military, Barnsley, UK Robins, R.P., and G.L. Walsh 1979 Burial Cylinders: The Essence of a Dilemma in Public Archaeology. Australian Archaeology, 9:62-71. Robinson, William J., and Roderick Sprague 1965 Disposal of the Dead at Point of Pines, Arizona. American Antiquity, 30(4):442-453. Rodning, C. 2011 Mortuary Practices, Gender Ideology, and the Cherokee Town at the Coweeta Creek Site. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 30(2):145-173. Roediger, David R. 1981 And Die in Dixie: Funerals, Death, and Heaven in the Slave Community, 1700-1865. Massachusetts Review, 22(1): 163-183. (also cited as pp. 163-175). Rogak, Lisa 2004 Stones and Bones of New England: A Guide to Unusual, Historic, and Otherwise Notable Cemeteries. Globe Pequot Press, Guilford, Connecticut. 2829 Rogers, T.L 2005 Recognition of Cemetery Remains in a Forensic Context. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 50:5-11. Rojo-Guerra, Manuel A., Rafael Garrido-Pena, Inigo Garcia-Martinez de Lagran 2010 Tombs for the Dead, Monuments to Eternity: The Deliberate Destruction of Megalithic Graves by Fire in the Interior Highlands of Iberia (Soria Province, Spain). Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 29(3):253-275. Roksandic, M. 2002 Position of Skeletal Remains as a Key to Understanding Mortuary Behavior. In W.D. Haglund and M.H. Sorg, editors, Advances in Forensic Taphonomy: Method, Theory, and Archaeological Perspectives, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. pp.99-118. Rose, H.J. 1922 Celestial and Terrestrial Orientation of the Dead. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 52(1): 127-140. Rose, Harold M., and Paula D. McClain 1990 Race, Place, and Risk: Black Homicide in Urban America. State University of New York Press, Albany, NY. Rose, Jerome C. 1982 Cedar Grove Historic Cemetery: A Study in Bio-History. Arkansas Archaeological Society, Fayetteville, Arkansas. Submitted to New Orleans District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, LA. 1985 Gone to a Better Land: A Biohistory of a Rural Black Cemetery in the Post-Reconstruction South. Arkansas Archaeological Research Series No. 25. Arkansas Archaeological Survey, Fayetteville, AR. Rose, Jerome C.,and Gene Santeford 1985 Cedar Grove Burial Interpretation. In Jerome Rose, editor, Gone to a Better Land: A Biohistory of a Rural Black Cemetery in the PostReconstruction South, Arkansas Archaeological Survey Research Series No. 25, Fayetteville, Arkansas, pp:130-145. Rosen, F. 2004 Cremation in America, Prometheus Books, Amherst, NY. Rosenblatt, Paul C. 1993 Cross-Cultural Variation in the Experience, Expression, and Understanding of Grief. in Ethnic Variations in Dying, Death, and Grief: Diversity in Universality, Donald P. Irish, Kathleen F. Lundquist, and Vivian Jenkins Nelson editors, Taylor and Francis, Washington, D.C. pp. 13-19. Rosner, F. 1971 Autopsy in Jewish Law and the Israeli Autopsy Controversy. Traditio, 11:43-63. Ross-Stallings, Nancy 1995 Bioanthropological Analysis of the Historic Interments in 15MC24, Metcalfe County, Kentucky. In M.A. Highes, editor, A National Register Evaluation of Twelve Sites in Adair, Cumberland and Metcalfe Counties, Kentucky, Cultural Resource Analysts, Incorporated, Lexington, Kentucky. 2007 Trophy Taking in the Central and Lower Mississippi Valley. In R.J. Chacon and D.H. Dye, editors, The Taking and Displaying of Human Body Parts as Trophies by Amerindians, Springer, New York, New York. Pp.339-370. Rothschild, Nan A. 1979 Mortuary Behavior and Social Organization at Indian Knoll and Dickson Mounds. American Antiquity, 44: 658-675. Rotman, Deborah, John Adams-Graf, Kathryn Jakes, Majorie Schroder, and Christina Fulton 2000 The Material Culture of Mortuary Behavior: Artifacts from the Grafton Cemetery. In Jane E. Buikstra, Jodie A. O'Gorman, and Cynthia Sutton, editors, Never Anything So Solemn, Kampsville Studies in Archaeology and History, Number 3, Kampsville, Illinois. Rotundo, Barbara 1994 Bibliography of Graveshelters. Newsletter of the Association for Gravestone Studies, 18(1):23. 1997 A Modern Gravestone Marker: Some Lessons for Gravestone Historians. Markers, 14:86-109. Rowe, John Howland 1995 Behavior and Belief in Ancient Peruvian Mortuary Practice. In Tom D. Dillehay, editor, Tombs of the Living: Andean Mortuary Practices, Dumbarton Oaks Research Library, Washington, D.C., pp.27-41. Ruby, Jay 1989-90 Portraying the Dead. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 19: 1-20. 1995 Secure the Shadow: Death and Photography in America. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 2830 Rudenko, S.I. 1970 Frozen Tombs of Siberia, edited and Translated by M.W. Thompson. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. Rudinger, E., editor, What to do When Someone Dies, Consumers Association, London, UK. Rugg, Julie 1998 A New Burial Form and Its Meanings: Cemetery Establishment in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century. In M. Cox, editor, Grave Concerns: Death and Burial in England 1700-1850. Council for British Archaeology York, UK. pp.44-53. 2000 Defining the Place of Burial: What Makes a Cemetery a Cemetery? Mortality, 5(3):259-275. Ruiten beek, Hendrik Marinus 1983 Interpretation of Death. Jason Aronson. (ISBN: 0876686862) Rushton, Lucy 1993 Death Customs (Comparing Religions). Thomson Learning. (ISBN: 1568470312) Russell, M.D. 1987 Mortuary Practices at the Krapina Neanderthal Site. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 72: 381-397. Ruwanpura, Rohan 2011 Medico-Legal Practice and Its Interaction with Multitude of Socio-Religious Rites in SriLanka. Sri Lanka Journal of Forensic Medicine, Science and Law, 2(2):4-6. Sajid, Mohammed Imran 2016 Autopsy in Islam: Considerations for Deceased Muslims and Their Families Currently and in the Future. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 37(1):29-31. Samerel, N. 1995 The Dying Process. In H. Wass and R.A. Neimeyer, editors, Dying: Facing the Facts. Taylor and Francis, Washington, D.C., pp.89116. Sanchez-Barnett, Susan 2010 The Death Penalty in California, 1857-1970. In G. Bakken, editor, Invitation to an Execution: A History of the Death Penalty in the United States. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp.413-430. Sanders, C. 1980 A Comparison of Adult Bereavement in the Death of a Spouse, Child, and Parent. Omega, 10:303-322. Sanders, William P. 2006 Law Enforcement Funeral Manual: A Practical Guide for Law Enforcement Agencies When Faced with the Death of a Member of Their Department, (Second Edition), Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield, Illnois. Sandgathe, D.M., H.L. Dibble, P. Goldberg, and S.P. McPherron 2011 The Roc de Marsal Neandertal Child: A Reassessment of Its Status as a Deliberate Burial. Journal of Human Evolution, 61:243-253. Sandoval, M.S. 1983 Santeria. Journal of Florida Medical Association, 70:620-680. Sandweiss, Daniel H. and Elizabeth S. Wing 1997 Ritual Rodents: The Guinea Pigs of Chincha, Peru. Journal of Field Archaeology, 24(1):47-58. Sappol, Michael 2009 The Odd Case of Charles Knowlton: Anatomical Performance, Medical Narrative, and Identity in Antebellum America. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 83(3):460-498. n.d. A Traffic in Dead Bodies. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey Sarat, Austin 2014 Gruesome Spectacles, Botched Executions and America's Death Penalty. Stanford Law Books, Stanford, California (ISBN: 978-0-8047-9172-4) Sarkar, Haribishnu 1951 Disposal of the Dead at the Indus Valley and Its Survival Among the Aboriginal Peoples of India. Man in India, 31(1):23-32. Sattenspiel, L. and M. Stoops 2010 Gleaning Signals about the Past from Cemetery Data. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 142:7-21. 2831 Saunders, L. 1954 Cultural Difference and Medical Care: The Case of the Spanish Speaking People of the Southwest. Russell Sage, New York. Saunders, Shelley R., and Ann Herring (also cited as D. Ann Herring) 1995 Grave Reflections: Portraying the Past Through Cemetery Studies. Canadian Scholars’ Press, Toronto, Canada. Saunders, S.R., A. Herring, L.A. Sawchuk, and G. Boyce 1995 The Nineteenth-Century Cemetery at St. Thomas' Anglican Church, Belleville: Skeletal Remains, Parish Records and Censuses. In S.R. Saunders and A. Herring, editors, Grave Reflections: Portraying the Past Through Cemetery Studies. Canadian Scholar's Press, Toronto, Canada. Pp.93-117. Savulescu, J. 2003 Death, Us and Our Bodies: Personal Reflections. Journal of Medical Ethics, 29:127-130. Saxe, Arthur A. 1970 "Social Dimensions of Mortuary Practices." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, MI. 1971 Social Dimensions of Mortuary Practices in Medolithic Population from Wadi Halfa, Sudan. In J.A. Brown (editor), Approaches to the Social Dimensions of Mortuary Practices, Washington. Sayer, D. 2011 The Organization of Post-medieval Churchyards, Cemeteries and Grave Plots: Variation and Religious Identity as seen in Protestant Burial Provision. In C. King and D. Sayer, editors, The Archaeology of Post-medieval Religion, Boydell, Woodbridge, UK. pp.199-214. Sayles, E.B. 1937 Disposal of the Dead. Gila Pueblo, Medallion Papers, 25: 91-100. Schaefer, Jennifer 2008 Funeral Rites of the Safaliba People. G.I.L.L.B.T. Working Papers, Volume 2: Proceedings of the 2005 and 2006 Seminars. Ghana Institute of Linguistics, Literacy and Bible Translation, Tamale, Ghana, pp.98-106 Schantz, Mark S. 2008 Awaiting the Heavenly Country, The Civil War and America's Culture of Death. Cornell University Press, London, UK. (ISBN: 9780801437618) Scheper-Hughes, Nancy 1992 Death without Weeping, University of California Press, Berkley, California 2000 The Global Traffic in Human Organs. Current Anthropology, 31(2):191-224. Schif, Jonathan 2000 Among the Hmong? Cops Cultural Testimony Is Not Expertise. The Forensic Echo, 4(8): Schindler, R. 2003 The Jewish Way of Death. In C.D. Bryant, editor, Handbook of Death and Dying, Volume 2: The Response to Death. Sage, Thousand Oaks, California. pp.687-693. Schmidt, Christopher W., Stephen P. Nawrocki, Matthew A. Williamson, William Mangold 1995 Excavation of Three Historic Family Cemeteries in Southwestern Indiana. A paper presented at the 1995 meeting of the Midwest Bioarcheology and Forensic Anthropology Association Scholtz, H. J., V.M. Phillips, and G.J. Knobel 1997 Muti or ritual murder. Forensic Science International, 87(2): 117-123. Schorsch, Anita 1976 Mourning Becomes America: Mourning Art in the New Nation. Main Street Press, Philadelphia, PA. Schroeder, Sissel 2001 Secondary Disposal of the Dead: Cross-Cultural Codes. World Cultures, 12:77-93. Schultz, Suzanne M. 1991 Body Snatching: The Robbing of Graves for the Education of Physicians in Early Nineteenth Century America. McFarland, Jefferson, North Carolina. Schurr, M. 1989 The Relationship Between Mortuary Treatment and Diet at the Angel Site (Middle Mississippian Culture), Ph.D. Thesis, Indiana University, Department of Anthropology, Bloomington, Indiana. 2832 Schuyler, David 1984 The Evolution of the Anglo-American Rural Cemetery: Landscape Architecture as Social and Cultural History. Journal of Garden History, 4(3):291-304. Schuyler, Robert (editor) 1980 Archaeological Perspectives on Ethnicity in America: Afro-American and Asian American Culture History. Baywood, Farmingdale, New York. Scott, Eleanor 1992 Images and contexts of infants and infant burials: some thoughts on some cross-cultural evidence. Archaeological Review from Cambridge, 11(1): 77-92. Scovil, L.K. 2015 Market for Death: The Use and Abuse of Cadavers in Nineteenth-Century America. Master of Arts Thesis, Universityof Houston, Houston, Texas. Seale, Clive 1998 Constructing Death: The Sociology of Dying and Bereavement. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Sears, W.H. 1961 The Study of Social and Religious Systems in North American Archaeology. Current Anthropology, 2:233-246. Secretan, Thierry 1995 Going into Darkness: Fantastic Coffins from Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, UK. Segal. Alan F. 2007 The Jewish Tradition. In Willard G Oxtoby and Alan F. Segal, editors, A Concise Introduction to World Religions, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp.60-128. Seilhean, D. 2001 Autopsy and Religions. Bulletin of the Acad Natl Med, 185(5):877-889 Sellier, P. 1985 Observations sur la position des corps dans les cimetiéres de Mehrgarh (Pakistan). In Méthode s'Étude des Sépultures, Saint-Germain en Laye, France, pp.39-43. Sempowski, Martha Lou 1986 Differential Mortuary Treatment of Seneca Women: Some Social Inferences. Archaeology of Eastern North America, 14: 35-44. Sempowski, Martha Lou, and Michael W. Spence 1994 Mortuary Practices and Skeletal Remains at Teotihuacan. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, UT. (ISBN: 0874804132) Sewell, Kritsin J., Michael P. Heilen, and Lynne Goldstein 2012 Deathways and Tucson's Living Population 1860-1880. In M.P. Heilen, editor, Uncovering Identity in Mortuary Analysis. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California, pp. 165-183. Sewell, Kristin J., Kandus C. Linde, and Michael P. Heilen 2012 Adornment, Religious Objects, and Grave Inclusions.In M.P. Heilen, J.T. Hefner, and M.A. Keur, editors, The History, Archaeology, and Skeletal Biology of the Alameda-Stone Cemetery. Deathways and Lifeways in the American Southwest: Tucson's Historic AlamedaStone Cemetery and the Transformation of a Remote Outpost into an Urban City, Volume 2, Technical Report 10-96. Statistical Research, Tucson, Arizona.pp.297-364. Sewell, Kristin J., Jeremy Pye, Michael P. Heilen, Kandus C. Linde, and Callie Unverzagt 2012 Graves, Burial Containers, and Undertaking. In M.P. Heilen, J.T. Hefner, and M.A. Keur, editors, The History, Archaeology, and Skeletal Biology of the Alameda-Stone Cemetery. Deathways and Lifeways in the American Southwest: Tucson's Historic AlamedaStone Cemetery and the Transformation of a Remote Outpost into an Urban City, Volume 2, Technical Report 10-96. Statistical Research, Tucson, Arizona.pp.209-296. Shaw, B.D. 1991 The cultural meaning of death, in The Family in Italy from Antiquity to the Present. D.I.Kertzer and R.P. Saller, editors, pp. 66-90. Shay, Talia 1985 Differentiated Treatment f Deviance at Death as Revealed in Anthropological and Archaeological Material. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 4(3):221-291. Sheikh, A. 2833 1998 Death and Dying--A Muslim Perspective. Journal of The Royal Society of Medicine, 91(3):138-140. Shepherd, Deborah J. 1999 Funerary Symolism: An Interdisciplinary Interpretation of Burial Practices in Late Iron Age Finland. BAR International Series, Number 808, Oxford, UK. Shepherd, Gillian 2005 Dead Men Tell No Tales: Ethnic Diversity in Sicilian Colonies and the Evidence of the Cemeteries. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 24(2):115-136. Sherlock, S.J., and M.G. Welch 1992 An Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Norton in Cleveland. CBA Research Report 82, CBA, York, UK. Shimabuku, Daniel M., and Gary F. Hall 1981 St. Paul's Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: Description and Interpretation of Gravestone Designs and Epitaphs. Saint Mary's University Occasional Papers in Anthropology, Number 10, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Shimada, I., K. Shinoda, J. Farnum, R. Corruccini, and H. Wantanbe 2004 An Integrated Analysis of Pre-Hispanic Mortuary Practices: A Middle Sicán Case Study. Current Anthropology, 45:369-402. Shively, Charley 1980 A History of the Conception of Death in America, 1650-1860. Garland, New York, New York Shoesmith, R. 1980 Hereford City Excavations Volume 1: Excavations at Castle Green. CBA Research Report 36, CBA, York, UK. Shreeve, Jimmy Lee 2008 Human Sacrifice: A Shocking Expose of Ritual Killings Worldwide. Barricade Books, Shultz, Marjorie A. 2005 Body Snatching: The Robbing of Graves for the Education of Physicians in Early Nineteenth Century America. McFarland, Jefferson, North Carolina. (also cited as published in 1992) Shuy, Roger W. 1993 Language Crimes: The Use and Abuse of Language Evidence in the Courtroom. Blackwell, Cambridge, U.S., Oxford, U.K. Sideman, Rachel M. 1997 Fueling the Flame: The Cremation Question in New England. Masters Thesis, Simmons College Silva, A.M. 1999 Human Remains from the Artificial Cave of Sao Pedro do Estoril II (Cascais, Portugal). Human Evolution, 14:199-206. Simmons, A.H., L. Kolska Horwitz, and A.N. Goring-Morris 2007 What Ceremony Else? And the Ritual Treatment of the Dead in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B Mortuary Complex at Kfar Hahoresh, Israel. In M. Fearman, L.K. Horwitz, T. Kahana, and U. Zilberman, editors, Faces from the Past: Diachronic Patterns in the Biology of Human Populations from the Eastern Meditteranean, BAR International Series, 1603: 100-126. Simmons, Boyd J. 1975 Caskets and Burial Vaults. College Association, State University of New York Agricultural and Technical College, Canton, New York. Simmons, Tal 2002 What Ceremony Else?: Ritual Treatment of the Dead in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B Mortuary Complex of Kfar HaHoresh, Israel. A Paper presented before the 9th Annual Meeting of the Midwest Bioarcheology and Forensic Anthropology Association, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, October 19, 2002. Simon, Gábor, Evelin Rácz, Mátyás Mayer, Veronika Heckmann, Dénes Tóth, and Zsolt Kozma 2017 Suicide by Intentional Air Embolism. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 62(3):800-803. Singh, Purushottam 1970 Burial Practices in Ancient India. Prithivi Prakashan, Varanasi. Sirianni, J.E., and R.L. Higgins 1995 A Comparison of Death Records from the Monroe County Almshouse with Skeletal Remains from the Associated Highland Cemetery. In S.R. Saunders, and A. Herring, editors, Grave Reflections. Canadian Scholar's Press, Toronto, Canada. Sisk, G.N. 1959 Funeral Customs in the Alabama Black Belt, 1870-1910. Southern Folklore Quarterly, 23(3):169-171. Skansie, Juli Ellen 2834 1985 Death is for All: Death and Death Related Beliefs for Rural Spanish-Americans. AMS Press, New York. Skartvedt, B. 1992 Anthropologist as Criminal Justice Policy Analyst. Practicing Anthropology, 14(3):29-31. Slater, W. 2007 The Many Deaths of Tsar Nicholas II: Relics, Remains and the Romanovs. Routledge, Abingdon Sledge, John S. 2002 Cities of Silence: A Guide to Mobile's Historic Cemeteries. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Sloane, David Charles 1991 The Last Great Necessity: Cemeteries in American History. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. Sluka, Jeffrey A. 2000 Death Squad: The Anthropology of State Terror. University of Pennsylvania Press, Baltimore, Maryland. (ISBN: 0-8122-1711-X) Smith, Daniel Jordan 2004 Burials and Belonging in Nigeria: Rural-Urban Relations and Social Inequity in a Contemporary African Ritual. American Anthropologist, 106(3):569-579. Smith, Donald K. 1970 Why Not Cremation? Dorrance, Phildadelphia, Pennsylvania Smith, J.I. 1979 The Understanding of Nafs and Ruh in Contemporary Muslim Considerations of the NAture of Sleep and Death. Muslim World, 69:151-162. Smith, J.I., and Y. Haddad 1975 Women in the Afterlife: The Islamic View as Seen from Qur'an and Tradition. Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 43:39-50. 1981 The Islamic Understanding of Death and Resurrection. State University of New York Press, Albany, NY. Smith, Maria 2002 The Social and Political Uses of Aggression. A Paper presented before the 9th Annual Meeting of the Midwest Bioarcheology and Forensic Anthropology Association, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, October 19, 2002. Smith, P., and G. Kahila 1992 Identification of Infanticide in Archaeological Sites: A Case Study from the Late Roman-Early Byzantine Periods at Ashkelon, Israel. Journal of Archaeological Sciences, 19:667-675. Smith, P., T. Zagersen, P. Sabari, J. Golden, T.E. Levy, and L. Dawson 2005 Death and the Sanctuary: The Human Remains from Gilat. In D. Alon,a nd T.E. Levy, editors, Archaeology, Anthropology and Cult – The Sanctuary at Gilat (Israel), Leicester University Press, London, UK. Smolensky, Kirsten Rabe 2009 Rights of the Dead. 37 Hofstra Law Review 763 Soejono, R.P. 1969 On Prehistoric Burial Methods in Indonesia. Bulletin of the Archaeological Institute of the Republic of Indonesia, Number 7, Djakarta, Indonesia. Sofaer, J.R. 2006 The Body as Material Culture: A Theoretical Osteoarchaeology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Solheim, Wilhelm G., II 1960 Jar Burial in the Babuyan and Batenes Islands and in Central Philipinesm and Its Relationship to Jar Burials Elsewhere in the Far East. Philippine Journal of Science, 89(1):115-148. Sommer, Jeffrey 1999 The Shanidar IV Flower Burial: A Re-Evaluation of Neanderthal Burial Ritual. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 9(1):127-129 Sonsino, R., and D. Syme 1990 What Happens After I Die? Jewish View of Life and Death. UAHC Press, New York. Souquet-Leroy, Isabelle, Hélène Réveillas, and Dominique Castex 2015 The Impact of Epidemics on Funerary Practices in Modern France (16th-18th Centuries). In Sarah Tarlow, editor, The Archaeology of Death in Post-medieval Europe De Guyter Limited, Warsaw, Poland/Berlin, Germany, pp.61-87. 2835 Soweileh, Abdulaziz 1995 A Typology of Dilman Burial Mounds. In Staurt Campbell and Anthony Green, editors, The Archaeology of Death in the Ancient Near East, Oxbow Books, Oxford, UK. Sparey-Green, C. 1977 The Significance of Plaster Burials for the Recognition of Christian Cemeteries. London, UK. Speake, George 1989 A Saxon Bed Burial on Swallowcliffe Down. Historic Building and Monuments Commission for England. Archaeological Report, Number 10, London, UK. Spence, M., C. White, F.J. Lonstaffe, and K.R. Law 2004 Victims of the Victims: Human Trophies Worn by Sacrificed Soldiers from the Feathered Serpent Pyramid, Teotihuacan. Ancient Mesoamerica, 15:1-15. Spencer-Wood, Suzanne M., and Christopher N. Matthews 2011 Impoverishment, Criminalization, and the Culture of Poverty. Historical Archaeology, 45(3):1-10. Spennemann, D.H.R. 1993 The Archaeological Manifestation of Contemporary Marshallese Burial Practices. Observations made during a series of exhumations on Mejatto Island. Case report prepared for the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, Washington/USA & Heidelberg/Germany as part of the Plutonium in Bone Study, Rongelap Resettlement Project. Pacific Cultural Resources Management Case Reports. Albury, NSW, Australia, Pacific Cultural Resources Management. Spindler, K. 1994 The Man in the Ice. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London. (ISBN: 0-297-81410-9) Sprague, Roderick 1959 A Comparative Cultural Analysis of an Indian Burial Site in Southeast Washington. Master's Thesis, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington. 1967 Aboriginal Burial Practices in the Plateau Region of North America. Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ. 1968 Burial and Cremation: A False Dichotomy. Paper presented at the 67th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Seattle, Washington. Sprague, Roderick, and Walter H. Birkby 1970 Miscellaneous Columbia Plateau Burials. Tebiwa, 13(1):1-32. Stackhouse. Daniel 2010 The Death Penalty in Arizona and New Mexico. In G. Bakken, editor, Invitation to an Execution: A History of the Death Penalty in the United States. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp.353-372. Stager, L.E., and S.R. Wolff 1984 Child Sacrifice at Carthage, Religious Rite or Population Control? Biblical Archaeology Review, 10:30-51. Stannard, David E. 1975 Death in America, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. 1977 The Puritan Way of Death: A Story in Religion, Culture and Social Change, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Starbuck, David R. 1993 Anatomy of a Massacre. Archaeology, November/December: 43-46. Starrs, James E. 2008a A Chronicle of Death's Afterlife: Part I: Reverencing the Grave Site. Academy News, 38(1):27-29. 2008b A Chronicle of Death's Afterlife: Part II: Desecrating Human Remains and Their Burial Places. Academy News, 38(2):40-44. Stead, I.M., J.B. Bourke, and D. Brothwell 1986 Lindow Man: The Body in the Bog. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY. Steere, Edward 1953 Evolution of the National Cemetery System 1865-1880. The Quartermaster Review, May-June http://www.qmfound.com Steiner, Michael J. 2836 2003 AStudy of the Intellectual and Material Culture of Death in Nineteenth Century America. Studies in American History, Volume 45, Edwin Mellen, Lewiston, New York. Stewart, Marilyn C. 1973 A Protohistoric Susquehannock Cemetery. Bulletin of the New York Archaeology Association, 58:1-21. Stewart, T. Dale 1941 An Ossuary at the Indian Village of Patowomeke (Potomac). Explorations and Field Work of the Smithsonian Institution in 1940, Washington D.C., pp.67-70. Stillion, J.M. 1995 Death in the Lives of Adults: Responding to the Tolling of the Bell. In H. Wass and R.A. Neimeyer, editors, Dying: Facing the Facts. Taylor and Francis, Washington, D.C., pp.303-322. Stirling, Edward C. 1911 Preliminary Report on the Discovery of Native Remains at Swanport, River Murray with an Inquiry into the Alleged Occurrence of a Pandemic Among the Australian Aboriginals. Hussey and Gillingham, Adelaide, Australia. Stjernquist, Berta (editor) 1994 Prehistoric Graves as a Source of Information. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien, Kungl, Stockholm, Sweden. (ISBN 917402-243-1). Stock, G. 1998 The 18th and 19th Century Quaker Burial Ground at Bathford, Bath and North-east Somerset. In M.Coxin, Grave Concerns: Death and Burial in England 1700-1850, Council for British Arhaeology Research Report 113, York, UK. pp.144-153. Stoddart, Simon, M. Wysocki, and G. Burgess 1999 The Articulation of Disarticulation: Preliminary Thoughts on the Brotchorff Circle at Xaghra (Gozo). In Jane Downes and Tony Pollard, editors, The Loved Body's Corruption: Archaeological Contributions to the Study of Human Mortality, Cruithne Press, Glasgow, Scotland, pp.94-119. Stone, Jacqueline I., and Mariko Namba Walter 2008 Death and the Afterlife in Japanese Buddhism. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii Stoodley, Nick 2002 Multiple Burials, Multiple Meanings? Interpreting the Early Anglo Saxon Multiple Interments. In Sam Lucy and Andrew Reynolds, editors, Burial in Early Medieval England and Wales. Society for Medieval Archaeology Monograph Series, Number 17, London, UK, pp.103-121. Storå, Nils 1971 Burial Customs of the Skolt Lapps. FF Communications Number 210, Porvoo. Strandberg, Keith W. 1998 Investigating Satanism and Cults. Law Enforcement Technology, 25(6): 52-57. Strangstad, Lynette 1988 A Graveyard Preservation Primer. American Association for State and Local History, Nashville, Tennessee. (reprinted 1995 by AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, California) Strathern, A. 1982 Witchcraft, Greed, Cannibalism and Death: Some Related Themes from the New Guinea Highlands. In M. Bloch and J. Parry, editors, Death and the Regeneration of Life. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. pp.111-133. Straus, Lawrence Guy, Manuel R. Gonzalez Morales, and David Cuenca-Solana 2015 The Magdalenian Human Burial of El Miron Cave (Ramales de la Victoria, Cantabria, Spain): Introduction, Background, Discovery and Context. Journal of Archaeological Science, 60:1-9. Strauss, Jonathan 2012 Human Remains: Medicine, Death, and Desire in Nineteenth-Century Paris. Fordham University Press, New York, New York (ISBN:978-0-8232-3379-3) Strocchia, Sharon T. 1992 Death and Ritual in Renaissance Florence. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland Stroud, G., and R.L. Kemp 1993 Cemeteries of St. Andrew, Fishergate. The Archaeology of York: The Medieval Cemeteries 12/2, Council for British Archaeology for York Archaeological Trust, York. Strub, C.G. and L.G. Frederick 1967 The Principles and Practice of Embalming, Fourth Edition. L.G. Frederick, Dallas, Texas 2837 1989 The Principles and Practice of Embalming. Professional Training Schools, Inc. and Robertine Frederick, Dallas, TX. (also cited as published in 1965) Subira, M.E., D. Lopez-Onaindia, and R. Yll 2016 Cultural Changes in Funeral Rites during the Neolithic in the Northeast of the Iberian Peninsula? The Cave of Panta de Foix (Barcelona). International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 26(1):93-103. Sudnow, D. 1967 Passing On: The Social Organisation of Dying. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey Sugg, Richard 2008 Corpse Medicine: Mummies, Cannibals, and Vampires. The Lancet, 371(9630):2078-2079. 2011 The Art of Medicine: Prescientific Death Rites, Vampires, and the Human Soul. Lancet, 377:712-713. Sultan, D.H. 2003 The Muslim Way of Death. In C.D. Bryant, editor, Handbook of Death and Dying, Volume 2: The Response to Death, Sage, Thousand Oaks, California. pp.649-655. Sumegi, Angela 2014 Understanding Death: An Introduction to Ideas of Self and the Afterlife in World Religions. John Wiley & Sons, Limited, West Sussex, UK. Surette, Eric C. 2008 Dead Bodies. 25A Corpus Juris Secondum, Section 1 Suzuki, H. 2003 The Japanese Way of Death. In C.D. Bryant, editor, Handbook of Death and Dying, Volume 2: The Response to Death, Sage, Thousand Oaks, California. pp.656-672. Swauger, James L. 1959 An American Burial Technique of the Early 19th Century. Pennsylvania Archaeologist, 29(1):38-39. Swedlund, A. 2010 Shadows in the Valley: A Cultural History of Illness, Death, and Loss in new England, 1840-1916. University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, Massachusetts. Szoke, Bela Miklos 1995 Cemeteries of the Early Middle Ages (6th-9th Centuries A.D.) at Pokaszepetk, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, Hungary. Tagesson, Göran 2015 The Human Body as Material Culture - Linköping Cathedral Churchyard in the Early Modern Period. In Sarah Tarlow, editor, The Archaeology of Death in Post-medieval Europe De Guyter Limited, Warsaw, Poland/Berlin, Germany, pp.19-38. Tainter, Joseph 1975 Social inference and mortuary practices: an experiment in numerical classification, World Archaeology, 7(1): 1-15. 1976 Spatial Organization and Social Patterning in the Koloko Cemetery, North Kona, Hawaii. Archaeol. Phys. Anthropol. Oceania, 11:91105. 1978 Mortuary practices and the study of prehistoric social systems, Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory , 1:104-141. Michael B. Schiffer, editor, Serial Publication Series, Academic Press, New York. 1980 Behavior and status in a Middle Woodland mortuary population from the Illinois Valley, American Anthropologist, 45: 308-313. Tannahill, Reay 1996 Flesh and Blood: The History of the Cannibal Complex, Abacus, London, UK. Tarlow, Sarah 1999a Bereavement and Commemoration: An Archaeology of Mortality. Blackwell Publishers, Malden, MA. (ISBN: 0-631-20613-2 or 0-631-20614-0) 1999b Wormie Clay and Blessed Sleep: Death and Disgust in Later Historical Britain. In S. Tarlow and S. West, editors, The Familiar Past? Archaeologies of Later Historical Britain, Routledge, London, UK. pp.183-198. 2002a Bodies, Selves and Individuals. Introduction. In Y. Hamilakis, M. Pluciennik, and S. Tarlow, editors, Thinking through the Body. Archaeologies of Corporeality, Kluwer Academic/Plenum, New York, NY. pp.23-27. 2838 2002b The Aesthetic Corpse in Nineteenth-century Britain. In Y. Hamilakis, M. Pluciennik, and S. Tarlow, editors, Thinking throught the Body. Archaeologies of Corporeality. Kluwer Academic/Plenum, New York, NY. pp.85-97. 2008 The Extraordinary History of Oliver Cromwell's Head. In D. Boric and J. Robb, editors, Past Bodies: Body-Centered Research in Archaeology,Oxbow Books, Oxford, UK. pp.69-78. 2011 Ritual, Belief and the Dead in Early Modern Britain and Ireland. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 2012 The Archaeology of Emotion and Affect. Annual Review of Anthropology, 41:169-185. 2015a The Archaeology of Death in Post-medieval Europe De Guyter Limited, Warsaw, Poland/Berlin, Germany (ISBN: 978-3-11-043972-4) 2015b Introduction: Death and Burial in Post-medieval Europe. In Sarah Tarlow, editor, The Archaeology of Death in Post-medieval Europe De Guyter Limited, Warsaw, Poland/Berlin, Germany, pp.1-18. Taylor, A.J. 1995 An Overview of Mortuary Traits at Loma Sandia and Certain Other Texas Sites. In A.J. Taylor, and C.L. Highley, editors, Archeological Investigations at the Loma Sandia Site (41LK28): A Prehistoric Cemetery and Campsite in Livev Oak County, Texas. Studies in Archaeology 20, Texas Archeological Research Laboratory, Volume 2. The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, pp.663-699. Taylor, Jeremy 1857 The Rule and Exercises of Holy Dying. Oxford, London, UK. Taylor, John H. 2001 Death and the Afterlife in Ancient Egypt, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois Taylor, Mark C., and Dietrich Christian Lammerts 2002 Grave Matters. Reaktion Books, London, UK. Taylor, Timothy 2002 The Buried Soul: How Humans Invented Death. Fourth Estate, London, UK. (also cited as published by Beacon Press, Boston, Massachusetts) Tebb, W., and E.P. Vollum 1905 Premature Burial and How It May be Prevented, with Special Reference to Trance, Catalepsy, and Other Forms of Suspended Animation, Second Edition. Swan Sonnenschein & Company, London. Tegg, William 1876 The Last Act: Being the Funeral Rites of Nations and Individuals. William Tegg& Company, London, UK. Tesar, Louis Daniel 1976 The Humber-McWilliams Site, A Pre-Columbian Indian Burial Ground, Coahoma County, Mississippi, Exploration and Analysis 19751976. Cottonlandia Museum Bulletin, 1, Greenwood, Mississippi. The Shema Israel Torah Network International Burial Society n.d. Dignity for the Body--Peace for the Soul http://www.shemayisrael.co.il/burial/dignity.htm Thomas, A., P. Chambon, and P. Murail 2011 Unpacking Burial and Rank: The Role of Children in the First Monumental Cemeteries of Western Europe (4600-4300 BC). Antiquity, 85:772-786. Thomas, D.H., S. South, and C.S. Larsen 1977 Rich Man, Poor Men: Observations on Three Antebellum Burials from the Georgia Coast. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, 54(3):393-420. Thomas, Northcote W. 1908 The Disposal of the Dead in Australia. Folklore, 19(42):388-407. Thomas, Ronald A. 1987 Prehistoric Mortuary Complexes of the Delmarue Peninsula. Journal of Middle Atlantic Archaeology, 3:35-47. Thompson, A.J. 2003 Textiles as Indicators of Hopwellian Culture Burial Practices. PhD Dissertation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Thompson, Sir Henry 1874 Cremation: The Treatment of the Body after Death. Henry S. King, London, United Kingdom 2839 Thompson, William E. 2001 Note on Thorson and Powell: Undertakers' Sense of Humor. Psychological Reports, 89:607 Thorson, James A., and F.C. Powell 1996 Undertakers' Death Anxiety. Psychological Reports, 78:1228 2001 Undertakers' Sense of Humor. Psychological Reports, 89:175 Thurman, A.F. 1994 The Tibetan Book of the Dead. Aquarian Press, London, UK. Tierney, Patrick 1989 The Highest Altar: The Story of Human Sacrifice. Viking, New York. Timby, J.R. 1996 The Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Empingham II, Rutland, Oxbow Monograph 70, Oxbow Books, Oxford, UK. Tiwari, Jagdish Narain 1979 Disposal of the Dead in Mahabharata: A Study in the Funeral Customs of Ancient India. Kishor Vidya Niketan Topno, Martin 1955 Funeral Rites of the Mundas on the Ranchi Plateau. Anthropos, 50(4-6):715-734. Townshend, John 1887 A Catalogue of Some Books Relating to the Disposal of the Bodies and Perpetuating the Memories of the Dead. New York, New York 1901 Modern Cremation, 4th Revised Edition, Smith, Elder, London, UK Toynbee, J.M.C. 1996 Death and Burial in the Roman World. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD. (ISBN: 0801855071) Tranberg, Annemari 2015 Burial Customs in the Northern Ostrobothnian Region (finland) from the Late Medieval Period to the 20th Century. Plant Remains in Graves. In Sarah Tarlow, editor, The Archaeology of Death in Post-medieval Europe De Guyter Limited, Warsaw, Poland/Berlin, Germany, pp.189-203. Trinkaus, E. 1985 Cannibalism and Burial at Krapina. Journal of Human Evolution, 14: 203-216. Trinkaus, E., and A.P. Buzhilova 2012 The Death and Burial of Sunghir 1. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 22:655-666. Trinkaus, K.M. 1995 Mortuary Behavior, Labor Organization, and Social Rank. In Lane A. Beck, editor, Regional Approaches to Mortuary Analysis, Plenum Press, New York, NY. pp.53-75. Trinkley, Michael 1984 Wood Analysis of Four Coffin Samples, Charleston County, South Carolina. Research Contribution 1, Chicora Foundation, Columbia, South Carolina. Trinkley, Michael and Debi Hacker-Norton 1984 Analysis of Coffin Hardware from 38CH778, Charleston County, South Carolina. Research Series Number 3, Chicora Foundation, Columbia, South Carolina. 1997a Additional Boundary Research at the Kings Cemetery (38CH1590), Charleston County, South Carolina. Research Contribution 214, Chicora Foundation, Columbia, SC. 1997b Grave Inventory and Preservation Recommendations for the Maple Grove United Methodist Church Cemetery, Haywood County, North Carolina. Research Series 230. Chicora Foundation, Columbia, SC. 1998a Grave Inventory and Preservation Recommendations for the Walker Family Cemetery, Greenville County, South Carolina. Research Series 248, Chicora Foundation, Columbia, SC. 1998b Identification and Mapping of Historic Graves at Colonial Cemetery, Savannah, Georgia. Research Series 54, Chicora Foundation, Columbia, SC. Trippe-Dillon, Tommie 2840 1999 Grave Concerns: A Preservation Manual for Historic Cemeteries in Arkansas. Arkansas Historic Preservation Program, Little Rock, Arkansas. Trope, Jack F., and Walter R. Echo-Hawk 1992 NAGPRA: Background and Legislative History. 24 Arizona State Law Journal, 35 Trubowitz, 1991 Funeral and Burial Customs: Past and Present. Heritage Quest, Truitner, Ken, and Nga Truitner 1993 Death and Dying in Buddhism. in Ethnic Variations in Dying, Death, and Grief: Diversity in Universality, Donald P. Irish, Kathleen F. Lundquist, and Vivian Jenkins Nelson editors, Taylor and Francis, Washington, D.C. pp.125-136. Tsaliki, A. 2008 Unusual Burials and Necrophobia: An Insight into the Burial Archaeology of Fear. In E.M. Murphy, editor, Deviant Burial in the Archaeological Record, Oxbow Books, Oxford, UK. pp.1-16. Tuck, James A. 1970 An Archaic Indian Cemetery in Newfoundland. Scientific American, 222(6):112-121. Tuckwell, Alexandra N. 1975 Patterns of Burial Orientation in the Round Barrows of East Yorkshire. Bulletin of the Institute of Archaeology, 12:95-123. Tug, S. 1987 Death and Immortality in the Religions of the World. in Death and Immortality. P. Badham and L. Badham, editors, Paragon House, New York. Turner, C.G. 1993 Cannibalism in Chaco Canyon: The Charnel Pit Excavated in 1926 at Small House Ruin by Frank H.H. Roberts, Jr. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 91(4): 421-439. Tward, Aaron D., and Hugh A. Patterson 2002 From Grave Robbing to Gifting: Cadaver Supply in the United States. JAMA, 287(9):1183 Tzortzopoulou-Gregory, Lita 2010 Remembering and Forgetting: The Relationship between Memory and the Abandonment of Graves in Nineteenth- and TwentiethCentury Greek Cemeteries. International Journal of Historical Archaeology, 14(2):285-301. Ubelaker, Douglas H. 1974 Reconstruction of Demographic Profiles from Ossuary Skeletal Samples: A Case Study from the Tidewater Potomac. Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology, Number 18, Washington, D.C. Ubelaker, D.H., and P. Willey 1978 Complexity in Arikara Mortuary Practice. Plains Anthropologist, 23:69-74. Ucko, Peter J. 1969 Ethnography and the archaeological interpretation of funerary remains, World Archaeology, 1(2): 262-280. United States Cremation Company 1895 Modern Thought on Modern Cremation, United States Cremation Company, New York, New York Unruh, David R. 1976 The Funeralization Process: Toward a Model of Social Time. Mid-American Review of Sociology, 1(1):9-25. Untiedt, Kenneth L. 2007 Death Lore: Texas Rituals, Superstitions, and Legends of the Hereafter, University of North Texas Press, Denton, Texas Valk, Heiki 2015 Tradition-based Concepts of Death, Burial and AfterLife: A Case from Orthodox Setomaa, South-Eastern Estonia. In Sarah Tarlow, editor, The Archaeology of Death in Post-medieval Europe De Guyter Limited, Warsaw, Poland/Berlin, Germany, pp.125-. Van der Sanden, Wijnand 1996 Through Nature to Eternity, The Bog Bodies of Northwest Europe. Batavian Lion International, Amsterdam (ISBN 90-6707-4187. Vandewiele, M. 1984 Attitudes of Senegalese Secondary School Students Toward Death. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 14(4):329-334. Van Gennup, A. 1960 The Rites of Passage, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, UK. 2841 Van Strydonck, M., L. Decq, T. Van den Brande, M. Boudin, D. Ramis, H. Borms, and G. De Mulder 2013 The Protohistoric 'Quicklime Burials' from the Balearic Islands: Cremation or Inhumation. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Vanzetti, A., M. Vidale, M. Gallinaro, D.W. Frayer, and L. Bondioli 2010 The Iceman as a Burial. Antiquity, 84(325):681-682 Vaux, Kenneth L. 1992 Death Ethics: Religious and Cultural Values in Prolonging and Ending Life. Trinity Press International, Philadelphia, PA. Veatch, Robert M. 1989 Death, Dying, and the Biological Revolution: Our Last Quest for Responsibility. Yale University Press. (ISBN: 0300043643) Verano, J.W. 1995 Where do They Rest? The Treatment of Human Offerings and Trophies in Ancient Peru, in T.D. Dillehay, Tombs for the Living: Andean Mortuary Practices. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington D.C., pp.189-227. Verdery, Katherine 1999 The Political Lives of Dead Bodies: Reburial and Postsocialist Change. Columbia University Press, New York, New York Verhoeven, Marc 2000 Death, Fire, and Abandonment Ritual Practice at Late Neolithic Tell Sabi, Abyad, Syria. Archaeological Dialogues, 7:46-83. Voegelin, Erminie W. 1944 Mortuary Customs of the Shawnee and Other Eastern Tribes. Indiana Historical Society, Prehistoric Research Series, 2(4): Von Hagen, Adriana, and Sonia Guillen 1998 Tombs with a View. Archaeology, 51(2): 48-54. Wade, Andrew D., Salima Ikram, Gerald Conlogue, Ronald Beckett, Andrew J. Nelson, Roger Colten, Barbara Lawson, and Donatella Tampieri 2012 Foodstuff Placement in Ibis Mummies and the Role of Viscera in Embalming. Journal of Archaeological Science, 39(5):1642-1647. Wade, Andrew D., and Andrew J. Nelson 2013 Evisceration and Excerebration in the Egyptian Mummification Tradition. Journal of Archaeological Science, 40(12):4198-4206. Wagner, Sarah 2014 The Social Complexities of Commingled Remains. In B.J. Adams and J.E. Byrd, editors, Commingled Human Remains: Methods in Recovery, Analysis, and Identification, Academic Press/Elsevier, San Diego, CA. pp. 491-506. Wagner, S.E. 2008 To Know Where He Lies: DNA Technology and the Search for Srebrenica's Missing, University of California Press, Berkeley, California Walker, Lucy 1984 The Deposition of the Human Remains. In Barry Cunliffe, Danebury: An Iron Age Hillfort in Hamshire, Volume 2, Research Report Number 52, London, UK, pp.442-463. Walshe, 1978 Buddhism and Death. The Wheel, Buddhist Publication Society, Kandy, Sri Lanka, p. 261. Walsh-Haney, Heather A., John J. Schultz, Anthony B. Falsetti, and Reinhard W. Motte 2003 Rituals Among the Santeria: Contextual Clues and Forensic Implications. A poster displayed at the 55th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, Chicago, Illinois, February 20, 2003. Walter, T. 1994 The Revival of Death. Routeledge, London, UK. 1996 Facing Death without Tradition. In D. Clark, editor, The Sociology og Death, Blackwell, Oxford, UK. Walthall, John A. 1999 Mortuary Behavior and Early Holocene Land Use in the North American Midcontinent. North American Archaeologist, 20(1):1-30. Walwer, Gregory F. 1996 Combining Archival and Archaeological Research: The Connecticut School for Boys Cemetery. CRM, 1996, no.10:8-11. Wang, Guoqi 2002 Habeus Corpus, Harpers Magazine, February 2842 Ward, Albert E. 1978 Navajo Graves: Some Preliminary Considerations for Recording and Classifying Reservation Burials. American Indian Quarterly, 4(4):329-346. Warner, John Harley and James M. Edmonson 2009 Dissection: Photographs of a Rite of Passage in American Medicine 1880-1930. Blast Books, New York, New York (ISBN: 978-0-922233-34-2) Waterman, Anna J., and Jonathan T. Thomas 2011 When the Bough Breaks: Childhood Mortality and Burial Practice in Late Neolithic Atlantic Europe. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 30(2):165-183. Watson, J.L. and E. Rawski (editors) 1988 Death Ritual in Late Imperial and Modern China, Berkeley, CA. Watters, David R. 1994 Mortuary Patterns at the Harney Site Slave Cemetery, Montserrat, in Caribbean Perspective. Historical Archaeology, 28(3): 56-73. Webster, J. 1987 The Aboriginal Cemetery at Nap Nap. Report to New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service, Sydney, Australia. Webster, Robert D. 2006 Does This mean You’ll See Me Naked? Author House, Bloomington, Indiana Weed, Howard Evarts 1912 Modern Park Cemeteries. R.J. Haight, Chicago, Illinois. Weingartner, J.J. 1992 Trophies of War: U.S. Troops and the Mutilation of Japanese War Dead, 1941-1945. Pac Hist Rev, 61:53-67. Weisman, A. 1978 An Appropriate Death. In R. Fulton, E. Markusen, G. Owen, and J.L. Schreiber, Death and Dying: Challenge and Change. AddisonWesley, Reading, Massachusetts. pp.193-194. Weiss-Krejci, E. 2005 Excarnation, Evisceration, and Exhumation in Medieval and Post-medieval Europe. In G.F.M. Rakitam, editor, Interacting with the Dead: Perspectives on Motuary Archaeology for the new Millennium, University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. pp.155-172. 2010 Heart Burial in Medieval and Early Post-medieval Central Europe. In K. Rebay-Salisbury, M.L.S. Sørensen, and J. Hughes, editors, Body Parts and Bodies Whole, Oxbow Books, Oxford, UK. pp.119-134. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Estella_Weiss-Krejci/publication/266604435_Heart_burial_in_medieval_and_early_postmedieval_Central_Europe/links/5435262e0cf2bf1f1f281499.pdf Wells, C. 1978 A Mediaeval Burial of a Pregnant Woman. The Practitioner, 221:442-444. Wells, Calvin, and Charles Green 1973 Sunrise Dating of Death and Burial. Norfolk Archaeology, 35:435-442. Wells, L.J. 1898 Vaults. In Modern Cemeteries: A Selection of Papers Read Before the Annual Meetings of the Association of American Cemetery Superintendents, Association of American Cemetery Superintendents, Chicago, IL, pp.98-100. Wertheim, Pat A. 1989 Investigation of Ritualistic Crime Scenes. Journal of Forensic Identification, 39(3):165-174. (also cited as 39(2):97-106. West, S.E. 1988 Westgarth Gardens Anglo-Saxon Cemetery, Suffolk: Catalogue. East Anglian Archaeological Report No. 38, Bury St. Edmunds, UK. Wetli, C. And R. Martinez 1981 Forensic sciences aspects of Santeria, a religious cult of African origin. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 26(3): 506-514. 1983 Brujeria: Manifestations of Palo Mayombe in South Florida. Journal of the Florida Medical Association, 70:629-634a Weyer, Edward Moffat, Jr. 1929 An Aleutian Burial. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, 31(3):219-238. Whimster, Rowan 1981 Burial Practices in Iron Age Britain: A Discussion and Gazetteer of the Evidence, 700 B.C.-A.D.43. BAR British Series, 90, Oxford, 2843 UK. White, T.D. and N. Toth 1991 The Question of Ritual Cannibalism at Grotta Guattari. Current Anthropology, 32(2): 118-138. Whittle, Alasdair 1990 A Pre-enclosure Burial at Windmill Hill, Wiltshire. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 9(1):25-28. Wienker, C.W., J.E. Wood, and C.A. Diggs 1990 Independent Instances of “Souvenir” Asian Skulls from the Tampa Bay Area. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 35(3):637-645. Wiken, U. 1988 Bereavement and Loss in Two Muslim Communities: Egypt and Bali Compared. Social Science and Medicine, 27(5):451-460. Wilcox, S., and M. Sutton 1985 Understanding Death and Dying, Mayfield, Palo Alto, California Wilczynski, J., A. Szczepanek, P. Wojtal, M. Diakowski, M. Wojenka, and D. Sobieraj 2016 A Mid Upper Palaeolithic Child Burial from Borsuka Cave (Southern Poland). International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 26(1):151162. Wild, D. 1981 Numerical Methods of Studying Grave Orientation. Unpublished Bachelor of Arts Dissertation, Institute of Archaeology, University of London, London, UK. Wilder, Harris H. 1905 Excavation of Indian Graves in Western Massachusetts. American Anthropologist, 7(2): 295-300. 1917 The Position of the Body in Aboriginal Interments in Western Massachusetts. American Anthropologist, 19(3): 372-387. Wilford, Lloyd A., Elden Johnson, and Joan Vicinus 1969 Burial Mounds of Central Minnesota, Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul, Minnesota. Wilkins, B. 2011 Excavating Death on the N6: 3500 BC to 1500 AD. In J. O'Sullivan, and M. Stanley, editors, Past Times, Changing Fortunes, Archaeology and the National Roads Authority Monograph Series, Number 8. National Roads Authority, Dublin, Ireland. pp.99-112. Wilkins, Robert 1990 The Bedside Book of Death: Macabre Tales of Our Final Passage. Citadel Press, New York, New York 1996 Death: A History of Man's Obsession and Fears, Barnes & Nobles Books, New York Willems, Willem J.H. 1978 Burial Analysis: A New Approach to an Old Problem. Proceedings of the State Service for Archaeological Investigations in the Netherlands, 28:81-98. Amsterdam, Netherlands. Williams, Howard 2003 Archaeologies of Remembrance: Death and Memory in Past Societies. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press, New York. 2006 Death and Memory in Early Medieval Britain. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 2013 Death, Memory and Material Culture: Catalytic Commemoration and the Cremated Dead. In S. Tarlow and L. Stutz, editors, In S. Tarlow and L. Stutz, editors, The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Death and Burial, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. pp.195-208. Williams, M. 2003 Tales from the Dead. Remembering the Bog Bodies in the Iron Age of North-Western Europe. In H. Williams, editor, Archaeologies of Remembrance, Death and Memory in Past Societies, New York, pp.89-112. Williams, Paul and Patrice Ladwig 2012 Buddhist Funeral Cultures of Southeast Asia and China. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Williams, R.E. 1884 Cremation and Other Modes of Sepulture. Lippincott, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Williamson, R.F. 2007 "Otinontsiskiaj ondaon" -- "The House of the Cut-off Heads": The History and Archaeology of Northern Iroquoian Trophy-Taking. In R.J. Chacon and D.H. Dye, editors, The Taking and Displaying of Human Body Parts as Trophies by Amerindians, Springer, New York, NY. 2844 Wilson, Sir Arnold, and Hermann Levy 1938 Burial Reform and Funeral Costs. Oxford University Press, New York, New York Wilson, Carter 1974 Crazy February: Death and Life in the Mayan Highlands of Mexico. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. Wilson, C.E. 1981 Burials within Settlements in Southern Britain During the Pre-Roman Iron Age. B. Inst Archaeol, 18:127-169. Wilson, L.E. 1963 History of 75 Years of Funeral Service. Iowa Funeral and Embalmers Association, Des Moines, IA. Wilson, Lonnie 2010 The Death Penalty in Federal Law. In G. Bakken, editor, Invitation to an Execution: A History of the Death Penalty in the United States. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp.77-95. Winburn, A.P., S.K. Schoff, and M.W. Warren 2016 Assemblages of the Dead: Interpreting the Biocultural and Taphonomic Signature of Afro-Cuban Palo Practice in Florida. Journal of African Diaspora Archaeological Heritage, 5(1):1-37. Winchell, Frank, Jereome C. Rose, and Randall W. Moir 1992 Bioanthropological Investigation of Nineteenth Century Burials at Site 41DT105. Archaeology Research Program, Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas. Wingate, R.J., and Thomas R. Hester 1972 Ten Burials from Green Lake, Texas. Florida Anthropologist, 25(3):119-227. Wolfe-Steadman, Dawnie, and Anne L. Grauer 1997 Dunning II: The Sequesl. Creative Archaeology at the Dunning Poorhouse Cemetery. A paper presented at the 1997 meetings of the Midwest Bioarcheology and Forensic Anthropology Association. Wood, W. Raymond 1967 The Fristoe Burial Complex of SOutwestern Missouri. Missouri Archaeologist, 29 Wood, W.R., and J.B. Williamson 2003 Historical Changes in the Meaning of Death and Dying, Volume 1: The Presence of Death, Sage, Thousand Oaks, California. pp.14-23. Woodburn, J. 1982 Social Dimensions of Death. In M. Bloch and R. Parry, editors, Death and the Regeneration of Life, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp:187-210. Wooten, Rae H. 2014 "Lover Come Back": Rituals, Ressurection, and Cultural Beliefs and Their Impact on Death Investigation and Grieving. A Presentation before the 66th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, February 17-22, Seattle, Washington Wren, Christopher 1912 Some Indian Graves at Plymouth, Pennsylvania. Proceedings and Collections of the Wyoming Historical and Geological Society, 12:199-204. Wright, G.R.H. 1988 The Severed Head in Earliest Neolithic Times. Journal of Prehistoric Religion, 2: 51-56. Wright, Roberta Hughes 1993 Detroit Memorial Park Cemetery: The Evolution of an African American Corporation. Charro Book Company, Southfield, Michigan. Wright, Roberta Hughes, and Wilbur B. Hughes III 1996 Lay Down Body: Living History in African American Cemeteries. Visible Ink, Detroit, MI. Wuthnow, R., (editor) 1998 Encyclopedia of Politics and Religion, Congressional Quarterly, Inc., Washington, D.C. Wylie, T. 1964-65 Mortuary Customs at Sa-skya, Tibet. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 25:229-242. Yalom, Marilyn 2008 The American Resting Place: 400 Years of History through Our Cemeteries and Burial Grounds. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, Massachusetts 2845 Yarrow, H.C. 1880 Introduction to the Study of Mortuary Customs among the North American Indians. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of Ethnology, Introduction Series, Washington. 1881 A Further Contribution to the Study of the Mortuary Customs of North American Indians. Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology for 1880-81, 1:87-203, Washington, DC. Yassine, Khair 1984 Tell el Mazar I: Cemetery A, Analysis of Iron IIC Jordan Valley Site. University Museum Publications, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, PA. Yi, Zheng 1998 The Scarlet Memorial: Tales of Cannibalism in Modern China. Westview Press, New York, NY. Young, James 1993 The Texture of Memory: Holocaust Memorials and Meaning, Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut. Younoszai, Barbara 1993 Mexican American Perspectives Related to Death. in Ethnic Variations in Dying, Death, and Grief: Diversity in Universality, Donald P. Irish, Kathleen F. Lundquist, and Vivian Jenkins Nelson editors, Taylor and Francis, Washington, D.C. pp.67-78. Zelinsky, Wilber 1976 Unearthly Delights: Cemetery Names and the Map of the Changing American Afterworld. In David Lowenthal and M.J. Bowden, editors, Geographies of the Mind, Oxford University Press, New York, New York. 1994 Gathering Places for America's Dead: How Many, Where, and Why? Professional Geographer, 46(1):29-38. Zentai, Tünde 1979 The Sign Language of Hungarian Graveyards. Folklore, 90(2):131-140. Zheng, I. 1996 Scarlet Memorial: Tales of Cannibalism in Modern China. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado Ziegler, Philip 1982 The Black Death. Penguin Books, London, UK. Zimmerman, L.J., and L.E. Bradley 1993 The Crow Creek Massacre: Initial Coalescent Warfare and Speculation about the Genesis of Extended Coalescent. Plains Anthropologist, 38:215-226. Zimmerman, Larry J., and Jessica Welch 2011 Displaced and Barely Visible: Archaeology and the Material Culture of Homelessness. Historical Archaeology, 45(_): Zucchi, Alberta 1997 Tombs and Testaments: Mortuary Practices During the Seventeenth to Nineteenth Centuries in the Spanish-Venezuelan Catholic Tradition. Historical Archaeology, 31(2): 31-41. 2006 Churches as Catholic Burial Places: Excavations at the San Francisco Church, Venezuela. Historical Archaeology, 40(2): 2846 View publication stats