08 Novembey 2022 Spm
Evonmervtadlution
I i u detined ar
as
an undegrahle altezation in the
phycical and brologicald
chayac teyich'e of Jand water and aur hrough nairal
OY anthro pogenae mean.
ondempovayy Tsrues of Water oMdien
Greot Pauiic Gravbage
Patch Tn he midolle and
and
novhem parv of uti oxean Sus
pended warte i
preset
u
whch
presen
2200 Kms in Jength ,Poo Kms
n m wudh anod 10 ms n
deep, wwch i
yete to ac the gread
h
e bagest exam of pautie 2arbage padeh and
s the
and
ple
the
as
wovld.
wo big
wetpautit
wade
L* has been tormed contamunadian M
due to
Gyres
of
Ciyres
ha eesdd
and east
pace
wayld are
are
he
he
Gyres. a e prese
nn side
ide he patie OceaM
when wo OCRanuc
CUwents ux
O2anuc
Curewts
oft Oceamc water
,burmng
takes plate
wh'ch
place
whch eteY o as iyres.
The
wase
wich
Pyoduct
which have been
product
Cumentfs
and due to nyre carrued by he oceoAnue curents
fermodian thi ash has been
baen
Tesulded. T eet conct
of 4xshing lines,
fet plaskie bottles
cans, among omers.
In the yar 2009 an
Cn exe
exe dazion
ditio
o Scientit called Tara
Oceans
was
LyONSjn #a ksonce. Wih tuin foldpasted rom
objetives
1ToSBudy he nature ot h
patch 2)) To prepare
and
and elaborode database 0+
Drepare
mayine Orgamsm.
organsm.
2
oplagki-
Tt is not onl the
biggest example
0f wader Contanunoddon in he wovdd but &also he
biggest example of plastie pollution h e wold
as 2.69,000 million tonns o phstie wase a is
Preset in his potch whch can be dieded into 3r
1) Mac Plaghiet:
Which has a diamde of moe
han 200 mm
Meso Plastae
Whth har a dia metey between
3yrer
445 o 200 mn.
i) Maco Plaskic > ukch has a diamder of Jess thau
4.15 mm.
Present Jn abundonee
macro but detri'mental
n is pofch i
muco as mic0
hro accumulatue in mature,
Macro
0
plustie bids.
Plaskie
i
also called
micro bid
A
Ape
ape o micro plaghic coalled lastte nurdles
areat concem today as
he 2hd
2hd mot abundant
c r o polutant presew m he ocean atey
yre dust.
In the year 2021 a big marine dusastey ook
place in the ST Lanka the e r wYeckage 07
Xpress Pead". As he shi was caryj
ot
bagg
placte nuroles
Spread in the coacke/ area.
Dis phing the ecosygtem. Plugtie nurdle
dehumenda
on
actou of 3-congideration.
) Ti Letil sized
is misken ba
maine organism as their Ao d stuA
2
T
tond of
as such
polysrenpoly pmpyene, palyeBh ylehe
Ctnd
3
palyuind pobyinyle chlovide
Aurdles are sponje m noture as Such are nspon tible
or athracting cherucals.
Tn Oeans
plastac i
TeYrine
de posidor of
s
- manag ed
adso prese. The bigest Conhi buhr 4
Yangte of China as ever
car
ee'responMle
tov clum
3,20,000 onns
i s managed plasti
cum ping
p
n he Oceom
Onga
0nked ge Se Cond as eveyy
e
a
r
i
responble
ov
dlu
mpina
of 1,20, 000 Ms
ear
managed pta plu tre in the Oceans. But he plaptse
Coet pewts of ndu' a s ery louw 3.4
ka /yar whth
ay bdsto the
global
aeraje ot
+RlyeAY
Ru Cnanga becomes he second bagest
AveYAne
Contri budor of ms- managed plagk'c in the ocenn
half of blim
peo ple e
as
seside in he caehmet
Orea Of hanga
The ehed chenicals
presewt in placBic pro oduc incude
Phthalades, Bisphenal A (PA) Boounaed five retireolanh
BFR, Ving chlo1u'de
Phthacctes
-
Styrotoon
responsible f genetie disovdev
also
are
chulden and
Seyt of malesS.
3PA ancd BFR bah ore esponiWe tor
m balante
amona
havmonal
Vnyle chloride
regarded os damaging tor
Cewtra At* nervous
sytem.
Syrotom a n etended tovm of polystyrehe whch
isepyted to be CaYsino genic n nature
Plashr'e i he biggest ant conydithient ot Ewashe and
also - - CommeTCe waste L* is also on
mporykaw
impoytat
c ongituevd ot
blo meccod waste.
,
.
Plastre
Tncinerou on
espon
mvanaunmea
04
eible tov em'ssion
emssion
and Fvans. LoHh
Toxie Cnarer Jike Di oxins
whch have been
b to ba
epovted
hoture. The Sourte of
wasencineratin
but
Ond pesBiide making
Dioxuins
i
Paper
paper and
also
The
he Sourte of urans
Cavcinojemc
nar only
pulp bleaching
ondy plucte ncinerativn.
1tis r e pre sexded by a tovmula
C4H,O
a
Dioxins
roup of 00 odd ses.The most
dehimexdel ot which is 2,3,7,8 terackloro
dibanzo
P-dioin
Plasbie
woyhe
waste
b
is
also
a
a
ao o
payt
of
not
on
theE-Conmerte
-wagte andd biomedical
Plashrte product
Uered on he beaches melt
under
he intluence of Solar raduation and
Combined with
hotuya Compounds to torm
notuyal
Snes ou of pluete
world, Plashigomerake whith iy espon ible
dearadlotion ot he toasal arear. Plogtae
bu
adso
aho2ed
conAdered
as
r
not ony
uardi an
man's
Tespon ble
the rack- patkers and also prouiding Auvelihood to
educes the coct o teg
vendoyys
Thiliatives
iThe principle of Sshould be used.
Os
i
tov
Poor
Reduce, Retuse, Reuse, Recyde and Reovent
i) The Cotributioy made by pla ptt'e nman
of Tnoka
D. Rajgopalan
He was
Vauu dev needs to be appaituaded.
Padma Shree for malns plashi'
Confeved
roads.He mode
tone out of plasdie waste caled
Plactones and pkr comhine ploott'c waske t h Tar
An ce
hydro cavbon devavative they ead
both are
binecdwih ench other.
he
weay and
c
ii) Plastue waste
ear
hese roads can
esala wihsknd
which normaoads
can nat
manaaemed amenol mekt ude
202
was
passedaot yeay in actord an te wh which
he Singe use platie has beeh Com plete banno
hafect hom
om s july 2022 Ond
ot platae
plaue ba
bag woud be enhan ce
o 20 icons om de cenmber 31
t
om S0 uCrons
2022S0 hat
con be reused
Axsenic
ekness
Polldon in he orhern Plan
MA
Assene
Rver
Hypohel'k 2one
Fossil War Arseme
,
Sedamet
(Arsen'e)
The
u he
Irnat
madn sour¢e ot
Huimalayas
ayseh'c in hy area
where Qzscnuk u
present ah he rockr
ond the geolngical
processes esponibe fox tormation
O Haimoalayas was odso
tor presence of arenic
i he ocks o+Hunolayasresponnble
when perJma *avers
oT/9incded they uwen responshle peyimalaers
for evoon of these
OCks
and oYSennc
was
washed awa S
ot suvey andut
seeimet by hypoheic 2ones
ole posted n
he undey ground
wakey hut
peynucble hiut of orinkh
pot green evoultuon encesie wmoraw of under
Yound
wader. #or irrgataon
purpose . h e
Contentrodun ot O Sene enhanced and t became
o
polluat. The aderse am pact Ot Arsenic polluin
ancdes diseases Jke Melanoss KexaBosis, Rlack
Fo Diseases. For hiu purpose wacrey harveeting
ghauld be Conducted on a larae scale So hat
was wihn
he
,
Ce penclency
on
underaround
waey
waer would be
reduced.
The
potdesw ot irigatiin should be changed.
Drap and Spsan kle irrigatim shauud be urecd to
prevewt the wagtnge of watey. The cvop patem
adso need be changed.
Uvonum contarinatu'on
an
Telanganq
Pun jab, RojapBhan and
Panjab, Feridkat, Rhatinda
and
HoshyaspuY
aHe cted where genete diso
yder
mong chldren oand
idney doamage can be seey.
TRja cthan 7 duritts ave ate
cted by uroa nMun
Contamnadu'on.
distric
one the
are
Ahouoh
we
Poswe ance to
in Punjab incbudes the
ty
can naft 2ero iton
on
Uramum Cowtauinata oy
om
heymal plands, ecesme use ash,generoted
of Ter
there areas hedy ShvaliPs. were sers, Jocadio
ockr hava
rauum Coches and
a
bank rePot
ep02t
wod
acceoing to whch clustey
bomb used by
VS
Afahan pBan
Concistedd
esponsi bla tos
Of de pleted uranmum
was
of
by VSn
Os
One hird ouistied of kaiaskh Rajas!han hae
houe
Poreo uronuum Condamanaegn as nd he ra
eason
ecestve wihdra w! of underzmo und water
ndu ceol
ofue o
pumpng udotm
of uyamum. nIn
whichye sults in enrdchne
qddition he
ond hd nucleav explotm o
uaeeh
Cons
1944 ancd
1999 wre uhd eground nuclear exploMons
rarum cotanioduon AM
due to qranide voeks.
Stom
dangana
Wader Drasns
These drauns ave used or emovanj oau'n
water
hese
were initialy Yveys ov hibutayieg
0t mojov Miers
reredly hey are
dischee
ydeYs 0 ndua
used to duschage
Ot Sewage, The Covkamanads'un Ot, majoy
has occu due to hrs gtorm uaader chrains. Accordina
o
MOEFCC audelines hese dren shoud not not be
an
Coveved o
n both de vegetodion should be
egtablshe.
The Coktaunodiun Ot ruev Gonga took place
due to three moun rea sons. the leamer, lndughrieg df
Konpur
Surmina of dead booues near Varcinos
Vahas
open detecaian
ahd
hese tinor's udey CnQmga
aciun
in
Jaunched
tor
plan
25 Cites, toncrere
986 meant
majors toy torm wder dan wer nat aken
near
Bt
unoder Cian3a Actan PlanCnAP)
whch uas meavt oy 59
hch
ckies ad stavted
ndnheyear
heear 2001 Beps uken or Storm
weer
draun included esablish mext of
monlfovna
Ceterss,
enhanctna awaeness aurn099 people anol established
0 O+ Seusage treatmet
plawts.
Tn the aeY 204 th on allocatuin of more
n
2O,000 crore upeer Noma
Projec war louched the purpose was
to
Gangge
move
Conta mn ands tom Stosm, water orcun by he pro cesr
6f
Ko- emediataon no cugo eckablshme nt ot
Cnanga
eco-Ack torre aetorm was dohe
In he s Sane yeAr n 2014 with an
allocati
O+ ,000 CY. an
intiatie was Jaken to ecalich
uwotey waj on AvY
ganaa hom Varanas fo
Haldia thu would ba dpne
by ds2ung f i r s
4Sm HoTA2onteully Ond
3-5 metre eep
o22ng
prove haynAdfor
toprotect the Gaangetic Dol phsins,
can
n
he
step
On
On thu woder way a geeh of 00 kms each
hydro electric
proe s would oso be eskAlsh.
The major sivers o+ nolu'a are contannated
by heavh metals and here are hree heavy
heay
metals
are
res pon ble
vers of India
for
Contamuination of
Iron, Chrouum, and
ead.
ma
iay