W178.2-18
Certification of welding inspectors
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W178.2-18
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Title: Certification of welding inspectors
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W178.2-18
Certification of welding inspectors
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Certification of welding inspectors
W178.2-18
Contents
Technical Committee on Certification of Welding Inspectors and Inspection
Preface
1 Scope
2
4
5
2 Reference publications
3 Definitions
6
6
4 Administration
7
5 Levels and responsibilities
6 Code of ethics
7
7
7 Competency requirements 8
7.1
General requirements 8
7.2
Level 1 welding inspector 8
7.3
Level 2 welding inspector 9
7.4
Level 3 welding inspector 9
8 Requirements for certification 10
8.1
Experience and training 10
8.2
Examinations 11
8.2.7
Exemptions from examinations
8.3
Vision requirements 12
9 Certification
12
12
10 Renewal of certification 13
10.1
Validity 13
10.2
Renewal 13
10.3
Recertification 13
10.4
Decertification and reinstatement
10.5
Six year recertification 13
13
Annex A (informative) — Sample course guideline 15
Annex B (informative) — Standards covering typical product categories
Annex C (informative) — Visual welding inspection report form 20
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Technical Committee on Certification of
Welding Inspectors and Inspection
D. Domenichini
Domson Engineering & Inspection Ltd,
Brampton, Ontario
Category: Supplier/Fabricator/Contractor
Chair
L. Constantinescu
Technical Standards & Safety Authority (TSSA),
Toronto, Ontario
Category: Regulatory Authority
Vice-Chair
E.A. Abbott
Ironworkers International,
Washington, DC, USA
Category: General Interest
L.C. Balfour
Ontario Building Officials Association,
Woodbridge, Ontario
Category: Regulatory Authority
T. Culliton
Fleetway Inc,
Saint John, New Brunswick
Category: User Interest
B. Fry
Acuren Group Inc.,
Cambridge, Ontario
Non-voting
C. Hodgson
CWB Group,
Milton, Ontario
Non-voting
T. Laidlaw
DNV GL (Canada) Ltd,
Montréal, Québec
Category: Regulatory Authority
F. Lebel
Trimatex inc.,
Montréal, Québec
Category: Supplier/Fabricator/Contractor
M. Lotfi
LSM Welding & NDT Associates Inc,
Mississauga, Ontario
Category: General Interest
A. MacDonald
Ministry of Transportation,
St. Catharines, Ontario
Category: Regulatory Authority
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J.S. MacRae
Hamilton, Ontario
Non-voting
J.C. Martin
CWB Group,
Milton, Ontario
Non-voting
B.N. McGill
Steelcraft,
Stratford, Ontario
Category: User Interest
D. Mudge
CALTRAX Incorporated,
Calgary, Alberta
Category: User Interest
R. Ostrom
Pipeline Welding Solutions Inc,
Edmonton, Alberta
Category: User Interest
D. Rapinda
Northern Shield Engineering Ltd.,
Winnipeg, Manitoba
Category: Supplier/Fabricator/Contractor
R. Robillard
HCP Canada,
Montréal, Québec
Category: General Interest
J. Ronan
Conestoga College,
Cambridge, Ontario
Category: General Interest
V.P. Singh
Butler Inspection Group Inc,
Mississauga, Ontario
Category: Supplier/Fabricator/Contractor
C. Turylo
Technical Standards & Safety Authority (TSSA),
Toronto, Ontario
J.H. Zirnhelt
Ponteca Inc,
Mississauga, Ontario
Category: General Interest
S. McDiarmid
CSA Group,
Toronto, Ontario
May 2018
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Non-voting
Project Manager
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Preface
This is the seventh edition of CSA W178.2, Certification of welding inspectors. It supersedes the previous
editions, published in 2014, 2008, 2001, 1996, 1990, and 1982.
This Standard provides requirements for those seeking certification as welding inspectors. Individuals
may be certified in accordance with this Standard regardless of whether they are employed by an
inspection organization.
The effectiveness of welding inspection depends largely on the knowledge and integrity of the
individual responsible for carrying out the inspection. Thus, there is a need for inspectors with both
appropriate knowledge and the capability of exercising responsible judgment.
This Standard is not intended to replace an employer’s final responsibility for the work or a supervisor’s
judgment of an individual’s suitability to perform a given task.
This Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee on the Certification of Welding Inspectors and
Inspection, under the jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee (SSC) on Construction and Civil
Infrastructure, and has been formally approved by the Technical Committee.
Notes:
1) Use of the singular does not exclude the plural (and vice versa) when the sense allows.
2) Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it
remains the responsibility of the users of the Standard to judge its suitability for their particular purpose.
3) This Standard was developed by consensus, which is defined by CSA Policy governing standardization — Code
of good practice for standardization as “substantial agreement. Consensus implies much more than a simple
majority, but not necessarily unanimity”. It is consistent with this definition that a member may be included in
the Technical Committee list and yet not be in full agreement with all clauses of this Standard.
4) To submit a request for interpretation of this Standard, please send the following information to
inquiries@csagroup.org and include “Request for interpretation” in the subject line:
a) define the problem, making reference to the specific clause, and, where appropriate, include an
illustrative sketch;
b) provide an explanation of circumstances surrounding the actual field condition; and
c) where possible, phrase the request in such a way that a specific “yes” or “no” answer will address the
issue.
Committee interpretations are processed in accordance with the CSA Directives and guidelines governing
standardization and are available on the Current Standards Activities page at standardsactivities.csa.ca.
5) This Standard is subject to review within five years from the date of publication. Suggestions for its
improvement will be referred to the appropriate committee. To submit a proposal for change, please send the
following information to inquiries@csagroup.org and include “Proposal for change” in the subject line:
a) Standard designation (number);
b) relevant clause, table, and/or figure number;
c) wording of the proposed change; and
d) rationale for the change.
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W178.2-18
Certification of welding inspectors
1 Scope
1.1
This Standard covers the certification of welding inspectors at three certification levels. It specifies the
responsibilities and the basic technical functions associated with each level.
1.2
This Standard specifies the requirements for the periodic review of welding inspector certification,
including vision tests.
1.3
This Standard, by including a code of ethics for the welding inspector, defines principles of practice and
conduct for maintaining certification.
1.4
To assist candidates in preparing for examinations, this Standard contains knowledge requirements (see
Annex A) covering
a) welding fundamentals;
b) welding inspection; and
c) welding metallurgy.
This Standard also includes a list of relevant reference publications (see Annex B).
1.5
This Standard does not address safety issues associated with welding. It is the responsibility of the users
of this Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations.
Note: CSA W117.2 addresses safety in welding, cutting, and allied processes.
1.6
This Standard does not address the certification of individuals performing non-destructive examinations
using radiographic, ultrasonic, eddy current, magnetic particle, or liquid penetrant methods.
CAN/CGSB-48.9712/ISO 9712 specifies the requirements for the certification of individuals performing
these non-destructive examination methods.
1.7
This standard is not intended to specify the qualifications or supervision required to perform inspection
work. Inspector competencies are provided only to aid in establishing training, experience, and testing
objectives for each level.
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1.8
In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to
satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that
which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible
within the limits of the standard.
Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a
note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.
Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as
requirements.
Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their
application.
2 Reference publications
This Standard refers to the following publications, and where such reference is made, it shall be to the
edition listed below, including all amendments published thereto.
CSA Group
CAN/CSA-W117.2-12 (R2017)
Safety in welding, cutting, and allied processes
CGSB/ISO (Canadian General Standards Board/lnternational Organization for Standardization)
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2014/1S0 971 2:2012
Non-destructive Testing; Qualification and Certification of Personnel
3 Definitions
The following definitions shall apply in this Standard:
Candidate — an individual seeking qualification and certification.
Certification — the issuing of a certificate stating compliance with this Standard.
Experience — the period of time spent in performing work that contributes to a candidate's eligibility
and qualification.
Qualification — the knowledge, skills training, and experience required to perform the job functions of
a welding inspector.
Qualified supervision — the supervision of Level 1 inspectors by Level 2 or Level 3 personnel certified
to this Standard, or by non-certified personnel who, in the opinion of the CWB, possess the knowledge,
skills training, and experience required to perform such supervision. The supervisor shall be able to be
in contact in person or electronically with his attendee within a reasonable delay in order to protect the
integrity of the work of his attendee.
Welding inspection — the monitoring and critical examination of a welding project prior to, during, and
following completion of welding.
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Welding inspector — an individual who is certified to the requirements of this Standard in Level 1, Level
2, or Level 3.
4 Administration
4.1
This Standard shall be administered by the Canadian Welding Bureau (CWB).
4.2
Candidates for certification shall be assessed by the CWB.
4.3
Certificates shall be issued to welding inspectors for the level of certification that they have achieved.
4.4
The CWB shall make available to the public a directory of welding inspectors who are certified to this
standard.
5 Levels and responsibilities
5.1
All certified welding inspectors shall perform welding inspections in accordance with documented
procedures or in accordance with the applicable governing code or standard. See Annex C for a nonmandatory sample visual welding inspection report form.
5.2
Welding inspectors shall satisfy the applicable qualification and certification requirements specified in
this Standard for the level of certification sought.
5.3
Level 1 welding inspectors may independently perform welding inspection duties (See Clause 7.2) under
appropriate qualified supervision.
Note: Definition provided in Clause 3.
6 Code of ethics
Certified welding inspectors or candidates shall recognize that personal integrity and professional
competence are fundamental, and as such shall
a) have proper regard for the safety, health, and well-being of the public;
b) undertake only those assignments for which they are competent by virtue of certification, training,
and experience; and, where warranted, seek the assistance of specialists as required to complete
assignments;
c) protect to the fullest extent possible any information given in confidence by an employer or
colleague, while being consistent with the well-being of the public;
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d)
indicate to the employer or supervisor any decisions that have been overruled by any authority
that could result in adverse consequences;
e) be objective, thorough, and factual in any written report, statement, or testimony about the work
and include all relevant or pertinent information in such documents;
f) sign only for work that they have inspected or for work about which they have personal knowledge
through direct technical control;
g) maintain personal competency by updating their technical knowledge and skills as required to
perform welding inspection properly;
h) comply with the applicable provisions of this Standard relevant to their level of certification and
responsibilities;
i) discontinue all claims to certification upon expiry, suspension, or withdrawal of certification, and
upon request return any certificates and/or wallet cards issued by the CWB;
j) not perform unethical or dishonest acts or make statements that would discredit or bring the
certification scheme of this Standard into disrepute;
k) not falsify documents, falsely claim, misrepresent or permit misrepresentation or misuse of their
own or other's academic or professional qualifications, knowledge, training, experience, work
responsibilities, or certifications;
l) maintain knowledge of codes or standards applicable to the product or structure being inspected;
and
m) inspect products or structures in accordance with the applicable governing codes or standards.
Note: The welding inspector should not interfere with the line relationship between welders, operators, or tackers
and their supervisors. When any form of discrepancy arises, the welding inspector should advise the supervisor or
some other responsible person of the discrepancy.
7 Competency requirements
Note: The certification requirements specified in this Standard are designed to be indicative of the skills required at
the various levels.
7.1 General requirements
Welding inspectors at any level shall be capable of
a) reviewing and interpreting welding inspection procedures in conjunction with the related
standards, codes, and drawings to a degree consistent with the level of certification;
b) monitoring and examining the work performed by tackers, welding operators, or welders;
c) recording inspection results in such a way that the work personally performed may be identified;
and
d) preparing clear and adequate reports. See Annex C for a sample of a non-mandatory inspection
report form.
7.2 Level 1 welding inspector
The Level 1 welding inspector, under qualified supervision, shall be capable of
a) verifying that the specified base metal and welding materials are used and maintained in proper
condition;
b) verifying that the joint preparation and fit-up meet the requirements of the welding procedure and
drawings; and
c) examining and evaluating welds according to a specified inspection procedure.
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7.3 Level 2 welding inspector
In addition to the capabilities listed in Clause 7.2, the Level 2 welding inspector shall be capable of
a) confirming that the welding equipment
i) is appropriate for the process specified in the welding procedure;
ii) has the capacity to produce the specified welds; and
iii) is in good working order;
b) confirming that the tackers, welding operators, and welders are qualified in accordance with
applicable codes and standards and that their qualifications are current and permit them to use the
welding procedures specified for the work,
c) verifying that only specified welding procedures are used for the work;
d) identifying substandard quality of work during fabrication; and
e) examining the finished work for compliance with the requirements of applicable codes, standards,
specifications, and drawings.
7.4 Level 3 welding inspector
7.4.1
In addition to the capabilities listed in Clauses 7.2 and 7.3, the Level 3 welding inspector shall be
capable of
a) interpreting specifications and codes, preparing welding inspection procedures, and implementing
quality assurance and control programs related to welding operations;
b) ensuring that nondestructive and other examinations have been performed to the degree specified
by contract documents, using qualified personnel, and that the results have been duly recorded;
and
c) demonstrating knowledge of
i) welding procedures;
ii) welding metallurgy;
iii) weld defects (cause and effect);
iv) weld repair;
v) principles of quality assurance and quality control;
vi) engineering and construction drawings;
vii) preparation of nondestructive testing inspection plans from construction drawings;
viii) stress relieving; and
ix) new welding technology.
7.4.2
In addition to the requirements of Clause 7.4.1, a Level 3 inspector shall be capable of reviewing
contractors' inspection and test plans to determine whether all welding-related quality requirements
have been included.
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8 Requirements for certification
8.1 Experience and training
8.1.1
The minimum years of welding or inspection experience shall be as follows:
a) For Level 1 certification, the candidate shall have
i) obtained at least one year of experience in one or more of the areas specified in Clause 8.1.2;
ii) obtained at least six months of experience in one or more of the areas specified in
Clause 8.1.2 and successfully completed recognized courses in the fundamental principles and
practices of welding, quality control, and welding inspection; or
iii) successfully completed a program recognized by CWB in Welding Engineering Technology or
Welding Engineering. These programs are typically at least two years in length and have an
extensive practical component.
b) Welding inspectors with Level 1 certification shall complete an additional two years of documented
welding inspection experience performing the duties specified in Clauses 7.1 and 7.2 before being
eligible to obtain certification in Level 2. However, certified Level 1 welding inspectors who have at
least 18 months of documented welding inspection experience performing the duties specified in
Clauses 7.1 and 7.2 may apply for certification in Level 2 and may write the applicable
examinations for Level 2 certification. In such cases, certification shall not be granted until all
examinations have been successfully completed and the additional two years of welding inspection
experience as specified above have been completed.
c) Welding inspectors with Level 2 certification, shall complete an additional four years of
documented welding inspection experience performing the duties specified in Clauses 7.1, 7.2 and
7.3 before being eligible to obtain certification in Level 3. However, certified Level 2 welding
inspectors who have at least three and one-half years of documented welding inspection
experience performing the duties specified in clauses 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3 may apply for certification in
Level 3 and may write the applicable examinations for Level 3 certification. In such cases,
certification shall not be granted until all examinations have been successfully completed and the
additional four years of welding inspection experience as specified above have been completed.
d) In exceptional cases, practicing welding inspectors may be eligible to qualify directly as Level 2 or
Level 3. In such cases, candidates seeking certification in Level 2 shall have at least 5 years of prior
welding inspection experience and candidates seeking certification in Level 3 shall have at least
10 years of prior welding inspection experience.
e) Candidates with at least two years of teaching experience related to welding fundamentals and
welding inspection may apply for an exemption from the requirements of Clause 8.1.1 a) or b) and
may apply directly for certification in Level 2.
8.1.2
Candidates for Level 1 certification shall have previous welding and/or inspection related experience.
Examples of acceptable experience include
a) layout and fitting;
b) manual, semi-automatic, or automatic welding;
c) welding inspection;
d) welding supervision;
e) weld testing; and
f) welding instruction.
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8.2 Examinations
8.2.1
Candidates for Level 1 certification shall pass the following examinations:
a) closed book examination on basic welding fundamentals and basics of visual welding inspection;
b) visual detection, identification, and descriptive reporting of basic weld faults and their assessment
as related to defined acceptance criteria and specifications;
c) open book examination on the content of CSA W178.2; and
d) open book examination on at least one code or standard. See Annex B for applicable codes and
standards.
8.2.2
Candidates with a current certification in Level 1 who are seeking Level 2 certification shall pass the
following examinations:
a) closed book examination on basic materials science, advanced welding fundamentals and other
welding inspection techniques (NDE);
b) visual detection, identification and descriptive reporting of weld faults, dimensional faults, material
deficiencies and structural discontinuities and their assessments to defined acceptance criteria and
specifications;
c) open book examination on the content of CSA W178.2, unless previously written under
Clause 8.2.1; and
d) open book examination on at least one code or standard. See Annex B for applicable codes and
standards.
8.2.3
Candidates with a current certification in Level 2 who are seeking Level 3 certification shall pass the
following examinations:
a) closed book examination on advanced materials science, quality assurance/quality management
systems, and welding metallurgy;
b) open book examination on the content of CSA W178.2, unless previously written under Clause
8.2.2 or 8.2.1; and
c) open book examination on at least one code or standard. See Annex B for applicable codes and
standards.
8.2.4
Candidates without a certification in Level 1 who are seeking Level 2 certification under Clause 8.1.1 d)
or Clause 8.1.1 e) shall pass the following examinations:
a) closed book examination on basic materials science, advanced welding fundamentals, and other
welding inspection techniques (NDE);
b) closed book examination to demonstrate that they are competent in descriptive reporting relating
to inspections performed on weldments;
c) visual detection, identification and descriptive reporting of weld faults, dimensional faults, material
deficiencies and structural discontinuities and their assessment to defined acceptance criteria and
specifications;
d) open book examination on the content of CSA W178.2; and
e) open book examination on at least one code or standard. See Annex B for applicable codes and
standards.
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8.2.5
Candidates without any certification to CSA W178.2 who are seeking Level 3 certification under
Clause 8.1.1 d) shall pass the following examinations:
a) closed book examinations on advanced welding fundamentals, other welding inspection techniques
(NDE), advanced material science, quality assurance/quality management systems, and welding
metallurgy;
b) closed book examination to demonstrate that they are competent in descriptive reporting relating
to inspections performed on weldments;
c) visual detection, identification, and descriptive reporting of weld faults, dimensional faults,
material deficiencies and structural discontinuities and their assessment to defined acceptance
criteria and specifications;
d) open book examination on the content of CSA W178.2; and
e) open book examination on at least one code or standard. See Annex B for applicable codes and
standards.
8.2.6
For all levels, initial certification shall include an open book examination on at least one code or
standard as shown in Annex B. Additional code or standard endorsements may be obtained at any time
by writing the open book examination on the required code or standard regardless of the level of
certification held.
8.2.7 Exemptions from examinations
An individual who holds a valid certificate as a welding inspector issued by a jurisdiction other than the
CWB, and who has met the requirements equivalent to those in Clauses 8.1 and 8.2, may be granted
equivalent certification upon application to the CWB.
8.3 Vision requirements
Candidates shall provide evidence of satisfactory vision, as determined by an oculist, optometrist, or
other professionally recognized person. Near vision acuity shall permit reading a minimum of Jaeger
number 1 or Times Roman N 4.5 or equivalent letters (having a height of 1.6 mm) at not less than 30 cm
with one or both eyes, either corrected or uncorrected.
9 Certification
9.1
The CWB shall issue to each successful applicant a certificate stating that the applicant has met the
requirements of this Standard. The certificate shall be valid for three years unless revoked for the
reasons specified in Clause 9.2.
9.2
Unethical behaviour, incompetency or other violations by a certified or applicant welding inspector of
the requirements of this Standard shall constitute unacceptable practice. Such practice shall be
reviewed by the CWB and may be grounds for revocation of certification.
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10 Renewal of certification
10.1 Validity
Certification in Levels 1, 2, and 3 shall be valid for three years.
10.2 Renewal
10.2.1
Renewal of certification shall be required every 3 years from the date of initial certification.
10.2.2
To renew certification welding inspectors shall apply before the expiry date of the certification. At that
time, the welding inspector shall provide evidence of satisfactory vision and of a continuing involvement
in welding examination or testing.
10.2.3
Certified welding inspectors who do not renew their certification before the expiry date shall be
decertified.
10.3 Recertification
10.3.1
Recertification shall be required every 6 years from the date of initial certification.
10.3.2
To recertify, the welding inspector shall meet the requirements of Clause 10.5.
10.3.3
Certified welding inspectors who do not recertify before the expiry date shall be decertified.
10.4 Decertification and reinstatement
10.4.1
Welding inspectors who have been decertified as specified in Clause 10.2.3 or 10.3.3 may reapply for
certification in the level held prior to decertification. To be recertified, the welding inspector shall
rewrite all qualifying examinations applicable to the certification level being sought.
10.4.2
Reinstatement of certification may be granted upon completion of certification requirements.
10.5 Six year recertification
10.5.1
Certified welding inspectors shall be recertified at six-year intervals by completing either
a) an examination on the visual detection, identification and descriptive reporting of weld faults,
dimensional faults, material deficiencies and structural discontinuities and their assessment to
defined acceptance criteria and specifications; or
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b)
40 hours of instruction through a seminar(s) or course(s) acceptable to the CWB related to one or
more of the following subjects, completed within three years of the recertification date:
i) visual welding inspection;
ii) non-destructive examination of welds;
iii) quality assurance and/or quality control;
iv) codes and standards; and
v) other welding or inspection related courses.
The completion of an examination(s) related to a seminar(s) or course(s) noted in Clause 10.5.1 b) is not
mandatory for acceptance the seminar(s) or course(s) by the CWB. However, where the course design
includes an examination component, the examination shall be successfully completed.
For certified welding inspectors involved in seminar or course development and/or the delivery of such
seminar or course, the CWB may accept this activity as meeting the requirements of Clause 10.5.1 b).
10.5.2
Acceptable course formats to meet the requirements of Clause 10.5.1 b) may include:
a) instructor led training courses delivered in a classroom or distance learning environment with or
without final examinations;
b) self-study training courses delivered in a distance learning format with final examinations;
c) instructor or expert led public or internal training seminars with or without final examinations; or
d) other course formats may be accepted by the CWB.
Regardless of the format of training course or seminar attended, the certified inspector shall provide to
the CWB proof of attendance, length of session and the subject area(s) covered.
Regardless of the format of training course attended, if the training course or seminar includes an
examination component as part of the course or seminar design, evidence of satisfactory completion of
the examination by the certified inspector shall be provided to the CWB.
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Annex A (informative)
Sample course guideline
Note: This Annex is not a mandatory part of this Standard.
A.1 General
The following provides a sample course guideline for candidates preparing for certification as welding
inspectors:
1. Design
1.1 Drawings
a) Outline of types of drawings
b) Reading of shop drawings
c) Symbols for welding and
nondestructive testing
1.2 Design concepts
Application and design of joints
1.3 Codes, specifications, and standards
a) Definitions, functions, and types
b) Certification Standards
c) Qualification Standards
2. Materials
2.1 Base metals
a) Mechanical properties
b) Examination of metals
c) Steel types
d) Heat treatment of steel
e) Cast irons
f) Stainless steel
g) Nickel alloy
h) Aluminum alloys
2.2 Welding consumables
a) Steel electrodes
b) Stainless steel electrodes
c) Aluminum alloy electrodes
d) Nickel electrodes
2.3 Welding metallurgy
a) Welding low-carbon steel
b) Welding low-alloy structural steel
c) Welding stainless steel
d) Welding aluminum alloys
e) Hard facing
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3. Production
3.1 Preparation of joints
a) Edge preparation
b) Fit-up of joints
c) Production methods and economics
d) Health and safety precautions
e) Elements of supervision
4. Welding
4.1 Processes
a) Arc welding
b) Features of the electric arc
c) Other heat sources
4.2 Equipment
a) Fundamentals of electricity
b) Arc welding equipment
4.3 Welding procedures
a) Essential variables
b) Non-essential variables
c) Control
4.4 Side effects
a) Distortion and residual stress
b) Heat effects
5. Quality assurance
5.1 Basic system function concepts
a) Authority
b) Design
c) Material control
d) Monitoring
e) Verification control
f) Corrective functions
g) Recording
h) Auditing
i) Performance
© 2018 Canadian Standards Association
5.2 Basic concepts of quality control
a) Role of welding inspector
b) Factors affecting weld quality
c) Potential weld faults
5.3 Nondestructive examination
a) Visual examination
b) Radiographic examination
c) Ultrasonic examination
d) Eddy current examination
e) Magnetic particle examination
f) Liquid penetrant examination
g) Acceptance criteria
5.4 Other examinations
a) Mechanical testing
b) Chemical testing
c) Metallographic testing
6. Qualification
6.1
Welders
6.2
Equipment
6.3Procedures
6.4
Inspectors
6.5
Nondestructive-testing technicians
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Annex B (informative)
Standards covering typical product categories
Note: This Annex is not a mandatory part of this Standard.
B.1 Buildings, bridges, industrial structures, machinery, cranes, and rail
and road vehicles
CSA Group
B167-16
Overhead travelling cranes — Design, inspection, testing, maintenance, and safe operation
S6-14
Canadian highway bridge design code
S16-14
Design of steel structures
S157-17/CSA S157.1-17
Strength design in aluminum/Commentary on CSA S157-17, Strength design in aluminum
W47.1-09 (R2014)
Certification of companies for fusion welding of steel
W47.2-11 (R2015)
Certification of companies for fusion welding of aluminum
W55.3-08 (R2013)
Certification of companies for resistance welding of steel and aluminum
W59-13
Welded steel construction (metal arc welding)
W59.2-M1991 (R2013)
Welded aluminum construction
W186-M1990 (R2016)
Welding of reinforcing bars in reinforced concrete construction
Z248-17
Code for tower cranes
AWS (American Welding Society)
D1.1/D1.1M:2015
Structural Welding Code — Steel
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B.2 Ships and floating marine structures
IACS (International Association of Classification Societies)
IACS Unified Requirements: Section W Materials and Welding, 2013
B.3 Mobile drilling units and steel fixed offshore structures
CSA Group
CAN/CSA-Z19902-09 (R2013)
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Fixed steel offshore structures
W59-13 (Annex U)
Welded steel construction (metal arc welding)
ABS (American Bureau of Shipping)
Rules for Building and Classing Mobile Offshore Drilling Units, 2012
API (American Petroleum Institute)
RP 2A-WSD-2000 (R2014)
Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing, and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms — Working
Stress Design
RP 2X-2004
Recommended Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Offshore Structure Fabrication and Guidelines for
Qualification of Ultrasonic Technicians
SPEC 2B-2001
Specification for the Fabrication of Structural Steel Pipe
IACS (International Association of Classification Societies)
IACS Unified Requirements: Section D Mobile Offshore Drilling Units, 2012
DNV-GL
OS-C101 – 2017
Design of offshore steel structures, general- LRFD method
DNV Technical Notes for Fixed Offshore Installations, 1980:
Vol. A: Structures
Vol. B: Facilities
B.4 Industrial pipe
CSA Group
Z245.1-14
Steel pipe
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Z245.11-17
Steel fittings
Z245.12-17
Steel flanges
Z245.15-17
Steel valves
B.5 Pipelines and piping
CSA Group
CAN/CSA-Z662-15
Oil and gas pipeline systems
ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)
B31.1-2016
Power Piping
B31.3-2014
Process Piping
B31.4-2016
Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurries
B31.8-2014 Gas
Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems
AWWA (American Water Works Association)
C206-11
Field Welding of Steel Water Pipe
NFPA (National Fire Protection Association)
NFPA 54-2015
National Fuel Gas Code
B.6 Pressure vessels, boilers, and heat exchangers
CSA Group
B51-14
Boiler, pressure vessel, and pressure piping code
N285.0-17
General requirements for pressure-retaining systems and components in CANDU nuclear power plants
N285.4-14
Periodic inspection of CANDU nuclear power plant components
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ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, 2015
Section I
Power Boilers
Section III
Rules for Construction of Nuclear Power Plant Components
Section V
Nondestructive Examination
Section VIII
Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels Division 1
Section VIII-2
Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels Division 2 — Alternative Rules
Section VIII-3
Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels Division 3 — Alternative Rules High Pressure Vessels
Section IX
Welding and Brazing Qualifications
TEMA (Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association)
TEMA Standards, Ninth Edition,2007
B.7 Storage tanks
API (American Petroleum Institute)
SPEC 12D-2008
Specification for Field Welded Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids
SPEC 12F-2008
Specification for Shop Welded Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids
STD 620-2013
Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-Pressure Storage Tanks
STD 650-2013
Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage
STD 653-2014
Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction
ANSI/AWWA (American National Standards Institute/American Water Works Association)
D100-11
Welded Carbon Steel Tanks for Water Storage
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Annex C (informative)
Visual welding inspection report form
Note: This Annex is not a mandatory part of this Standard.
Client: __________________________________________________________________
Contract: _________________________________________________________________
Location: _________________________________________________________________
Specification: ______________________________________________________________
Applicable codes: __________________________________________________________
Drawing no.: ______________________________________________________________
Part no./name:___________________________________________
Area/grid lines:_____________________________________________________
Inspection date: ________________________________
Fabricator's qualifications: CWB certified
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
Welder's qualifications: CWB qualified
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
Welding procedures: CWB approved
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
Approved welding procedures available:
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
Approved detailed drawings available:
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
Material identified: ______________ conforms to
specification
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
Welding equipment: In acceptable working condition
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
Joint preparation and fit-up: Conforms to approved details
and standards
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
Filler metals used: Conforms to approved welding
procedures
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
Filler metals used: Conforms to drawings and specifications
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
Fluxes (if applicable): Conform to approved welding
procedures
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
Shielding gas (if applicable): Conforms to approved welding
procedures
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
Preheat and interpass temp: Conforms to approved welding
procedures
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
Environmental conditions: Acceptable for welding
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
Welding procedures: Appropriate to drawings and
specifications
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
Welding parameters: Conforms to approved welding
procedures
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
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Visual inspection of welds: Conforms to codes and
specifications
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
Size, location, and length of welds: Conforms to approved
drawings and specifications
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
Distortion and misalignment: Within acceptable tolerances
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
Modified connections such as welded connections against
specified bolted connections or vice versa.
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
Engineer's review/approval of any modifications from design
drawings or specifications
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
Weld repairs: Satisfactory
Yes
□
No
□
Outstanding *_____
Any non-destructive testing (NDT) specified:
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
Type(s) of NDT performed:
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
NDT report acceptable
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
Post-weld heat treatment specified:
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
Post-weld heat treatment performed to specification
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
Final acceptance report: Required
Yes
□
No
□
Other ___________
Variations: ________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Remarks/notes:_______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Date of report submitted: ____________________
Name of inspector: ___________________________ Signature: _________________
Level/Reg. #
Name of supervisor (if applicable) __________________ Signature: _________________
Level/Reg. #
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