Tissue Engineering
Status
Week 5
Tissue engineering
repair, replace, or regenerate tissues or organs
develops biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue function
BASICS
Tissues
basic unit of function in the body while cells are the building blocks of tissues
are supported by structures called extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM also relay
messages from various signaling molecules
Tissue Engineering
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HOW TISSUE ENGINEERING WORKS:
Tissue Engineering
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Tissue Engineering Scaffold
best scaffold or biomaterial should be the extracellular matrix of the target tissue
ECM components include collagen and proteoglycans
ECM provide structural support, relay signals for cell attachment, cell
differentiation, migration
scaffolds aim to at least partially mimic the ECM function
How to fabricate tissue engineering scaffolds???
Natural polymers produced by cells
provide relevant properties and cell signaling cues that more closely
resemble the tissue environment
but has little control over scaffold structure or architectural properties
collagen, chitosan, fibronectin
Synthetic polymers
Tissue Engineering
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provide better control over scaffold structure and micro-architecture
composition differ from the actual ECM, they lack biomimetic cues and ECM
molecules
polycaprolactone, polylactic acid
Natural + Synthetic polymers
offers advantage of natural polymers (proteins of ECM) and synthetic
polymers (mechanical support)
Tissue Engineering Cells
cells are used to populate matrices or scaffolds
cell produce ECM to have adhesion and enhance proliferation which is important
in tissue engineering
once cells attach to the scaffolds and start growing and proliferating, they will be
able to augment the artificial ECM
Cell Sources in Bone Tissue Engineering
Tissue Engineering
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Tissue Engineering Growth Factors
plays a crucial role in tissue engineering by directing the fate of cells and
allowing the formation of tissues
information transfer b/n cells and their microenvironment in tissue engineering
and regeneration
function in physiological processes: cell proliferation and cell differentiation
Example:
tissue engineering: Gintuit
cell-based product that generates new gum tissue
Tissue Engineering
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alternative to palate graft surgery
cellular sheet that has
human fibroblasts, keratinocytes, human ECM proteins and bovine
collagen
produce cytokines and growth factors
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Tissue Engineering
The goal is to develop powerful biological substitutes for structural and
functional disorders of human health that are difficult to solve with the
existing tools of medicine
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