- and
d
f-b lo ck
elements
(Transiton elements)
d-block elements
4bese
elements
the
eJectron enters
ditferenttatng
In
shel)
main
Ch-d
orbi tals
d-blolk elements:
d-block elements
There
are
mainy
senes
three
d
the
to
(Se
3d-Series
(La t Hg)
Sd-series
cd)
to
yd-series
and
sueh
as
Called
are
these
and
Acininn
begins with
CAc) is
incoplete.
6d-series
Note:
Trnsi ton
he
e
lements
elements
are
atmic s tate
TrusSitton
Caled
cd, Hg
Note :
in ther
elements
roup-)2
oytdation
stoes
hare
atomc state
Confgusation
Common
d-subshel
ComOn oxidaticy
in theiY
either
stes
complety
Contain
+heir
filled
and
hence,
as
are
ful)
weJlas
in their
not regarded
me tals.
transition
as
2
4s
Zn30,
45°
+2
2n
sdl°6s
Hg
4dl ss2
cd
Similay,
C
2+
*2
d-blojc elements
elements
transiton
AJI
d-block elements
but
tansition elements.
not
are
all
table :
peidcie
in the
lasge section
Positon
between
d-block occupies +he
The
perodic
in the
LlocKs
table
Electronic Confguaton:
In geneal,
+he e
these
|-2
Cn)d
e lements
whee,
lectrontc
Confrqutation
Cn-)
2d- Series
Sc =
ns
the
stands for d-orsitals.
Contai ning
CAr] 3d'4s
1,
T= 22
penultiunate shell,
[AJ 3d 4s
and
W
|Ar] 3d3 4s2
V=23,
3
[Ar) 3d54s'
Mn
25
R= 26,
CA
3d6 4s2
C
3d9 452
but ot
3d4 4s2
CADsd 4s}
Co = 2 ,
3d? 4s2
not
4s, but
3al°
CAD
Ni =28,
Cu = 24,
due to
Trreguatity
Note:
stabilitg
CuSubshel|s.Discussed iy
obsevecl in
hat-fled
and
Atonstruct
)ed
full - f
obSetved in
ireguarites
Si milasy,
Note:
Mo
4
Ag
Pd (4dss),
ss)
(4dlo
Sd-Series.
6s)
Aulsdi°
and
3d-Series elements:
Mn
Sc
Fe
Co
Cu
Zn
(30)
C24)
4-d-series elements:
Mo
Htrium) (zirconiu)
iobiu (molybdemu
pd
(Paliadiunm)
Ag
(s:lver
Ru
(Rhdim
CRutheniwn)
Techne tium)
cd
(Cadmiuo)
4
Sd-Series elements:
Re
W
La
Hafniun)
(Lanthanwm) (
(Tantalun)
Tungsten)
Cmerc).
(God)
(ridium)
(osmiiu)
CRhenim)
Grouf
3
Co
Mn
3d-Seies
Nb
4d- series
Au
pt
Ir
Hg
Ac
G -Series
(Actiniun
pro per
General
Metallic
:(Tiransitonelemets)
lements
e
the d-block
Hes d
transitta
A) the
characder :
transtton
elements
all the
Nely
pro peies
Such as
metalltc
malleability.
ductility
conduct:vity
and
high
typica
ensile
an d
strength
electrical
lustre.
2n,
wjth +he
typt ca)
hause
normal
elenents a e metals.
display
hightherma
metalllc
more
at
Cu
La
sd-seits
they
Ni
12
cd
Os
Re
W
1)
Ru
Te
Mo
10
tempetes.
c lose
acked
cd, Hg, Mn,
stctàes
centreod
Face
Fcc
Melting
The meltihg and
Ceroparson
Transiton
elements
11
the
1000 C "
depend
increases
to
paticrpate
+he
Mo
4d- s eries
Sd- series
In
Zn,
has
has
W
Among these three,
cd, tty
have
paing ct
to
due
trnds
Periodic
elements)
bond
wn paired
d-electng
Mp.
highes Mp.
M-Pc tungsten
highest M-p.
=34ióc
Cr
|W> Mo >
relotvey louw
all
above
tiGn.
de lo calza
banding
has
mel
the
highest
3d-seies
with
metallic
avai labi lrty
uwjt the
elements
and p-Blork
transiton
elements
strength o
pon he
transtio
typically
elements.
M-P:
Solid State.
Cubic.
points of
boiling
hig h
usually
in
dis cussed
points :
boiling
and
will be
c lose pacIing
body Centred
b-cc
Lo
5
he,
Cubic.
hexagonal
hep
are
stnuctes
close packing
The
melthg
points
4 boiling
e lectronS.
the
boiling points
to thOSe
re similas
and
Atomic
3)
There
electrons
coespondngy
and
tu +he
in the
the
felt by
chage
effectve
tncompletey
charge
hucleas
then
Si2e
The
atomic
close to
Cr to
additton d
simltanous
everse effect by
the
from
the
i wancl
these tuo
alter
mech
anothe9
ne
very
are
Cu
pull d
moviny
huckus
+he
oPposing effeots
Outer
the
Serening
+he
from
becau se
eerciSe
3d- level
to
electror
Ce tractien
elements from
fer the
radii
from
nuclea
hence
and
ihCreases
d-orbital s
+hemselves
also
+he
shild
nucleus
are added
and
ns - electrns
because,
righ t
to
+ he
ekctrons
As the
Ch-) d orsitals.
and
pla ced
chasges
posttve
additionl
radius
atom ic
in
from left
moving
radius
ionic
decrease
qradual
is a
6
ioniC radii :
atemic
4s -ekctrns
As a
esutt
adit do no
G to Cu
Gaph:
atomic
Radius T
sd-series.
3d-series
udsees
Sc
-
Mn
Y
La
Hf
Nh
Mo
Ta
W
3
SeCond
oo
laity
Simi
Fe
Co
Ni
Ag cd
Ru
and
Pt Au
Os
Re
tn. /3d-Seies)
Cu
C4d-Series)
Hg. (sd-series.
transiton Series :
+hrrd
Sd-Series)
&
4d
ie; (
transithon
{ncrease in
frem first
Si2e
from Secend
but
expectedy
Small change
ember
are
Contraction
Sanne
member
to
member
memn ber,
to therd
Sometmes
Si2e
this
there
Si2es
Second
colwmns
Ih ver ca
as
elements,
due to lathanide
iS
The
pars
ements
d
Nb-Tà,
MoW,
e te;
ZrHf,
Such as
he
almos t
POSSesS
pvo peaties.
3+
2+
The ionic
(4
Sane
+he
+heir
trends as
M
radii.
atomc
toansiton metal)
Density:
tansition
+he
lnes
The atomic vo
M
an d
M
follow
sane
are
elemen+s
nnerghbowting
2
GioupS 1 and
elements
Compased witth
oensities d
the
trnston
me tals
+he
elements
with
The
Osmiung
0s) :
the
2 2 - 5+
ae hgh.
densites
hrghest
3-cm3
low
tridium T :
and
are
22-6| g-Cm
Ionizatiorn
engies :
jonrsation potentialy
The ffrst
|ie between
elements.
the
values
those
toansitton elements
S
and p-b lock
iregulay trend!
Thee is
enthalpy
In
3d
the
3d-seies
3rd
highest
hig hest
is
engy
jonisatio
-frst tonisatton
metels.
has
jonisatton
in the
15t ioniSation enthalpY
fer
for
hig hest
ergy
Oxtdation states :
Trnsiiors
echib t
elemen ts
ox tdatio
rang e ef
utde
Stotes
3d-seies :
Ti
+2
+2
+3
+3
+3
Cu
Co
+1
+2
+2
Fe
Mn
+2
+2
+2
++2
+3
+3
+3
+3
+2
+5
45
+5
+6
all4he
Cr esehibits
and
CRuthenium)
Otdaon
states
oxidaton States
eehibits
Ru
+6
++6
from
+ to
frm
+2 to
t6.
all thne
Os
(os nium)
ha
a
mai mum
oxidaton state
t4.
equal to
ay
shouns by
State
hghest
which is +he
+8
lo
Oxidaton
e lement.
+8
+8
Os Oy
more
Cad).
ttan
sttl
(sd).
Note ,
more
Mn(3d5)
+2
C
Note :
Cuy
mini m
shows
Ag, A ,Hg
oxrdaton
+1.
state
ionic
Fomaton
Transitios
bonds)
han
statle
elene ts
in the
(n Creast ng
Covalent compounds;
Com pouunds and
fern
lower
Compounds ( tonic
ionic
oidatn states .
oyidaticn
ionic
State,
Covalent
decreases
o yetdation Stat
chaackr
increaSes.
chaacter
ulk.
an's
Faj
(1:
+hein
oxrdes
I h lower
hiq hes oxtdation State,
bastc
acrdrc
+heir oxtdes are
Shee as
basic .
MnO
MnO
( Mn = +4)
anphotec.
acdic.
CTo be contihued-----).
standasd
+he
Trends
potenialss
E}values :
the
portentia
Electole
electrode
lectro
Posiive
character.
stondood eccton potentials
for +he
Element
(volts
Element
-)-63
Fe
-)-18
V
Ni
-1.19
+03
Cu
Mn
-0.76.
has
posiive
E value.
(u
Note:
-0-4 4
Co
-04D
C
E Cvolts)
Electrode
potential
Subli mnaticn
erey
ToniSahon enegy
vales
depend
upen the
metal
+FE.
TE,
(a H;)
tydratn eherg
Note
standad
will le
E valus)
poteri
als
electroe
£lectro chemisty.
dis cuss ec
Foomathon o
Colouud ior53
particular
d-a
Spectrum
+he
the colo s
transmitted
the
Coloui
ahs rsed
length
wave
when
colousecl
appear
Suhs tanes
in
waeleng+h
ard
hich
12
(nm
visikle
+he
absor b ligtt
region
co
thrans mit
we
the
See
o
colo
comple mentay
wawelengths
absorbed
they
by the
the
co loun o
Compound
Colous absorsed
Complementay
coloui (colow
o bserve)
Yellow -eey
violet
400-435
Yellow
iiii:
435- 480
440
440
560
blue
reun-blue
b luereen
9reen
S95
605
605
red
purpk
Violet
yellou-ree
yellow
S0595
oTange
slue/rdigo
reen blue
ornge
blue-green
Red
+he
Sone
Colous
trans(tom
Caquated)
+3
+3
+3
Sc
13
meta
Cr
-’ colous less
+3
T;t 4 ->Colout less
Co
violet
violet
Pink
Co
N;2t
’
puple
Pinl<
Mn
bJue
yellow
3 +
blue
Cu
zn
3reen
colourless
violet
Configratcns
metal ions
are
d,
with
Note:
colou less.
Complex formoion :
Compounds
ahe
Compex
which
hose
neutral
Co
aunins
the
metal
mole ate s
givin
bind
Compex
Spe cies.
2+
4
[cuCwa. Cptcl
etc
[e
nwmbey o
transitfon
The
cempounds,
the
(
due to
metal
Catadytic
Transitton
metals
fer
a
compatatvey
+ha
and
cormplex
Smaller
auvaihbi lit
vacan
+heir
Compond s
d-ortital s.
ppeatY:
metals
ond
ase
Khown to
act
|4
vaiah le oidatton
due to
Catalysts
g ood
as
5 tates.
Contact proass
Habers
proess
Fe
Catay tc
hydgeation.
Catayst.
las-Natta
z ieg
Ticl4
decempoSitcn
entons reagent
pro@ss
wacker
pdcle
Cucls
Compouunds :
interstéial
(12)
Fermatn
Irterstéhal
shen
i riside
S
mal|
the
pro@ss
DeaCon
are those
Copounds
shich
H, c (od
atons
lattices
d
are
N
metals.
fermed
ahe
trapped
usally
They
Cystal
non- Stoichmetn'c.
ete
VH
eg
Interstial Coro pounds
hawe
hard,
+hey
They
Conductvity,
+hy
ahe
hig b
etain
c he mically
meltthg
points,
metallic
ibert
fesm aion :
As 4he
Solutin
Solid
an
properties :
Magnetc
appIred
the
by
repelled
are
Substances
mag retc
magnetic
magreic
magnetc
which
fied,
weak y
ase
Substanes
Con tains
attracted ky
at least
he
unpaired
Substan es
electons
all paured
Cotains
which
ero
and
hard
are
fermed
So
ready
C
Bronze
pasa
Can be
(Cu + n)
Cut Sn).
Brass
Dia
atoniC 5i2es,
point
meitng
hgh
have
oten
alloys
the
alloys
Smooth
qiving
meta)
anothe
replaed by
Siilas
me tol
latti ce
ystal
hence in +he
hawe
elemen+s
transiton
are
strongy
one
attsacted by
maghetic
magnetic field.
+he
Note:
R, Co, Ni,
is expreSed
Paa-mag et'swn
monent
unpalsed
wshich
ekctrons.
is
in terns o
related to
the
mag nettc
numbe
o
16
B. M.
paised ekctns.
nmber d
hene,
unrt
Aohr magnetun.
B. M
mag netic
f
m
noment.
45gd!
+2.
Sc
. n=)
445 2d
SC
732 B.M.
R=26:
+2
Cun pad es)
=4.q
y 24
4C42)
Can be
frst
remved
BM
foom
valence shell
Electrn
2in C,
Unike
Cad mium
and
Mer CuY
as well as
zn,cd,
Brdaton State.
Ha
euhibits
2+
+1
and
Mercwous ion, H3,
CAia)
2.+
and
4+2
not
Cpara)
solids,
2n, cd
t
2n, Cd
while
impertant
Jrquid.
pGoxide,
do So.
uShile
covalent,
Hg cl
Some
hydsode,
ferm
does not
Hg
hee as,
ate
cd d
2ncl2)
elements
Conpounds
dichromate
PotasSn
preparahon;
chrooite
Rrm
cun be preparec
Stepi):
from
chromnitt oe
the fustan
i-e
Canbonate
Na/k
chrmate.
to 9 ive
co
t 2 Ryo, + 8
Na,Cr
8
(yello solutien)
fre
Sodiu
Stepi)
with
So diun
By
in
chrmite ore
Hves
chromte
acidiftCatton o
Sodiun dichromate.
+ NasS2
heacts
Step i):
with
to
9ive
+
Na, CsG
2. Nad.
(Potassiwm dichemate)
HO
’ Solids,
Zn, cd
where as,
fern
does no t
hydoxde,
thy
’ Liqud
Peroxide,
pero xide,
cd do So
while
ushile
Covalent,
2nclg, c d ,
jonic.
P.P.c
Prepaaton and
d-blocK
Properti<s c
elements :
(potass'um
kaco(Pot
KMnly
2-)
3)
Iron.
Copper
(I) Cnpounds ct
Cu Sou
dichamae)
(Patassium permanganate)
Corpowds d
(T)
Compounds
D
5
Cuo
Cuc2 H, o
Compouads d
Zinc
2n0
2n54
Conpounds o
2)
As,o
Ag
are
Potassium
dichrom ate,
(Karn):
Preparation
choite
From
Can be
the
e;
prepared
Cus b omate
chonit ore
usin c
free
chroni te
frem
access
air
to
Sodiw
gi ve
chronocte.
+ 2 Fe,03
(rellous
Solutia)
stepGi:
H,Sos
So diun chromate
acielif Catien c
sociumn dichtmate.
qives
+ NasSoy t H, o
Na,ro4
Step (im):
Na,c
9uacts
tu
uith
+
Na, c
(Potassiwm
cichromate)
qive
2
Nacl
Cnystall'se out.
Cystals
orange
Note:
inter Convert6le
o
în
dependng
solut cn
aqueous
the Soltn.
ate
dichoates
and
chromates
No te:
Solubk than
more
2Ht
2
dicomate ions :
chemate
stctue ot
126°
-CY
163
Pn
ties d
chemfal prrper
oidising popeaties :
k
Na
dichvomates
ase
and
used as
primay
a
standad
redaces
anaysis.
|n
strng
soltfon,
acdt
oxidising
+3
it
+3
2
agents.
oidises
It
+2
sulphides to sulphu
to
Shty
and
to
234
3 H,S
+
2c3t
3H
+
2 7 3 t+
2t
s+
3 Sn
3 Sn
+
+
Ho
Potassiwm pemangarate
(T
Preporaton
alkal
witn a s
Fusros
is pepMed
by
a
hydoxrde
dank
metal
aadic
2
agent like
oyidsing
Ko Mn°t)
rees
soluon
his produles
Mno
fust on
KN Oz
neutrey
dis pvoprtiornates
usch
pesmanganate
Mna)
tu 9ive
(po tassiwn
manganate).
Mn9
2 KMn O
3
+
Mng, +
Ka Mng,
Commer aaly it is
Note :
ordate fusicn
Mno,
prepaecd
followed by
by the
allalhe
oxdatron
the electoly tiC
mang anae ian).
20
fused wttth KOH
MnG
KN O
air r )
Frm
+2
Mn
Manganade icn )
MnOy
electytic
oxidat
o
alkalhe Soluhich.
CManganatein)
2
CPermanganatein)
to pe manganate.
Salt :
peroxo disulphate
ordised
+2
Mnt
27 ++ 16 H
Salt
2
2+
2 . Mo
Cretrahedra)
Mn
paramagnetc.
(reun)
dia magnetc
MnOt
CPurple)
Properties o
Heatng
effect:
when heated,
it
manganate
2
KMng,
decomposeg
at
5 13K
to give
Mng
eduad
Mngf
Note
medium:
(i)aadicmedium:
Mn
in shrng
Mn
2
aylalihe
Mn
MnO4
alkalie/ heutral
fainty
Lh
medium:
Hh_0
sttng
Mneg
and
alkalihe
fainty
in a cdic,
to
lkaline
Mn
medium:
2
th
Mny
oH
MnO4
oxidising
KMne:
popeaies o
Ln aadic solution
(a)
D
oxidises
to e 3
to
L
so to S :
2
to Cg
to
to S,
NO to
2+
2 Mng
2Mng
Mn
5 Go4
2_ Mn
2
+3 Ho
2
Mn
2 Mn
|6 Ht
2 Mn
+2
2
1
2
M
2 Mn4
2 Mn+2
(b) In neutral
to
2t
Mn
fainty
al Kaline Soluttos
Lodate (ro)
to
22
2
to SOy
S,O3
Mn
2 Mn
i-e
I0
t
+ 2 OH
2
8 Mn
>8 Mng
t
+ 6S
t 2 OH
(thio Sulphate)
2+
3 Mn
Mnoy
+
5 Mn, t
2 H,o
both are
strong
oxidising agents.
Note
Note:
basic Oides
Mnds
Cr0
Amphoteric oxides
Mng,
acidic
4 H+
oxides
Ferous
23
Tron :
Compounds o
Gren vitriol (eso
Sulphate (or
Ho:
Prepasahion :
this
should be
kip's
in
apparatus
a
O
iron.
reducig
atmosphere in
into
oidatin
prevent +he
order to
Frem
made
Ho so
+ Hy
Fe sos
R+ Ht, Sa
Note:
dilate
action
pre pae d by +he
waste:
FesO
Fes
H, S.
+
(Peraus
Sulphide
iron
Pyrite :
+ 2HyS
2Feso
2Fe S,
fe Sou t
+ Hys04
(t
tt,o + co,
Properties
Heatng
esfect:
306c
I46c
anhy dus) [Colounless]
Pe soy
(ren)
Nou,
2 Fes
Fesou
high
4np."
(run)
cyande.
Salt|
hr's
Mo
Salts
ferro(Potassium
double
homs
6
iv)
2+
3+ Fe
3t
Ht
+
Au
t
i)
4+
(Pesa Slphate
Lt
Fesou
KCN
pet) (white
chlornde)
cuic (mer
chlertde)
(mercurous
Hg,ciz
3+
Au:
Cr3+
Mn
agent
NO).
ulphate)
reducng
asacts
a
fesrous
fematnq
nitoso
(No)
tusns
todue broum
ferie basic
Felo)
Son
sulphate
C
4
ferric
yellow
brownish-
+he
oxide nitnic
with
RSou
4
kasic
todue
the
eXposwre
atmosphee,
it
tns
base)
On
weak
Fe
+(o),
tSos.
24
to
to due acrdic
2
dalysis
hy
ItS
is Solutio
25
oxide : (R, o):
Ferric oxide:
Pre paraton:
2
+- So
esOy
3 t,o.
2 Re (oH
ion
Pyrites :
2
Propaties,:
H
Fe, O
+
insolube
reddisb-broun powder,
in
water but
iS
Solusle in
acd.
Amphoterie natÛne:
6
2 Fecdg
Hd
2
+
3t o
H, 0
Na Fe O,
NaoH
Sodimfee)
Na Fe o
t
Sodiunferrite)
(Sodiun hypo chlorite) and
Note:
cl
oidisey
Naocl
Heres
itu
Na, FeOa
NaPeog
2Na RO, +
6
ch
t
4
NaoH
2k
2 Nac| +
t
FèOu
2 Nas
Sodiumfeate(:
1300c
3 Ho.
feric chlaride
(ed):
26
anhydrDus Fed :
Preparaton :
by
o btained
+
Fe dy
3 ds
rm
Fed s
in
a
dy cl,
S+ream o
2. Fe
filing
heating
heating
oxidrsed
black solid)
aur
to
give
2 R3
30,
122
Hydrated Ruy
Prepatfen:
Pe CoH
3 tel
6 Hu
2 Fed +
3 H_0
3 CO)
4
6 Hu
2
popeties:
anhydus
(anhydrau)
2 Fecl. 6 H, o
Fe
+ 2 Hy
dare 6lack solid
Yellowish- broun Solid.
stes
Cy
bluGantated,
e
Con
2
Solution
evaporaton
CMalachite
ore)
Culot)Cucoz
(ilut)
+
o 3cusoy
H,soy
2
CucoH
H,sOy
2t0 Cusout
ltry
givinga
+
(di
+Cul
HySo4
Cusoy
Cu
so, vitrio)
S
Ho:
gas dimie
NOC|.
prparaion:
blue
Coppere
300c,
Sulphate
Copper
C
()
Compownds
o
Pedganhydhous
Note:
Sublims
at
chleride)
(nitosyl
NOcI
Fedy.
Nty
6
additon
s: pownd
S
Fomain
dt
om C
2
2
+Fecd
2
+Fedy
Snd,
2
+Feu
Sncl4
As
agent:
+
Hyo
CoH)] RCHo),
Hyot
+
3+
(o
2+
+3+CU.
hydory
sis.
acrdic
todue
aueous
Solutten
is
2+
Se pahat out
Cusoy SHo
+ 2Hsou t
2Cu
0
(dihutey
28
Cooling.
2Cusou t
O,
2 Hy0
Heoti ng ekct:
on exposwe
Cusg: SH0
to Sunlight
(slue)
|00c
usoy3Ho
Cusoy- Hy0
(pale Slue)
256 c
Cusoy onhydus
O, + se +
Coucos}+
6N thyoH
Cusou t
(white)
Cuo
+ tsoy
(Schweit2er's
veoent)
+ 2 Kesoy
(whitepot)
2Cusoy
culcw),
(4ellow)
2 Cuso
2icEy
culc
Noul,
NO,
i-e;
2CuCN + 6 KCN
decanpes
2 CuCN J
(garogen)
2 K3 [cukN)4
(co louslkss
CuCN dissolve s in
eess
KCN.
Solas le Congee).
+ aysoy
CucoH),
Cusoy +
(slue)
Cu t
fe
Cu
Fesoy
+
nSoy.
(Cuo):
Cupric oxide
Oxide
lack
is Called
co
Copper
Prepanation:
4
A
CuO
2Cuo
2 Cu t
Cuo t Ho
A
CuCoH),
2
A
CuO +
2
Cucot); CuCog
(Malachii
Popestes:
with
Llack powder, insoluble in
water.
acids:
2 Ha
Cusou t
Cuo t
4 CuO
(4
I|00-1200c
Reduction.
with
Cuo + H
2 Cu,o +
O,
H, c, Co):
Cu t t o
Cu t
CO
H,o
29
30
2-H0):
Cucl.
:
chloride
Cupric
Prepotoy :
CuloH), ()
Cuo (o)
Cu (o
gi ve
Cystallisaton
dissol ved
is
Solti on on
vesultng
the
Hcly
Conuotated
Cuco
Cucl
reen Cystals q
2 Ho
2 cucs
2Cu
Cucl
+ tho
(o
Propesh'es:
Compownd
deliquescent
water.
Soluble i
Solutron is
dilde
The
ree
and is
Solutton
c hanges
to yelloo
added.
blue
Coloo is
The
4ellow Colus
due to
cnantratd
cshes
Solutcn
Cucls +
cucl,
but
+c is
Cation Cul Hao),
Comple anien Cucl4]
Compk<
due t
and
Agueous
is blue
-
Conentratd
Lt
readiy
acdic
22t0
(cupous
chloride)
due to
hydoolysis.
Culo),
2 Hc.
Rodu ction
)(6
cu/ sos/H/snd :
with
3
Cu (w)
Cucls
nasant H (or)
Sny
Cuclh t
NOw
2 Nao
3 Cu(o),
+ cue
Culot), + 2 Naa
Cucd, 3 Cu (oH),
(Pale blue PPt)
340
+
4o
ch
|Cu (nta
(deap blue soluten)
Compounds d
ostde:
Zinc oxide:
Zinc'
hinesecshit)
zno):c
(o)
wool
phi losopher's
prepantion
A
A
3
2
Zn0
zn(Nos),
H,
Properkes:
32
1S
a
powdex
white
ag ain tuins
beating
IHt dissolves
becone s yello
white on
Cool ing
and
actds
readily in mi neral
bases(allcalis). So, it is
huadiy Stacts
amphoeric
and
natuhe.
2
Ho
Na,Zng t
NaoH
(Sodium zincate)
(or)
+ H0
2 NaoH
Zn0 +
ty0
Na, 2n0, - 2
Reduction uith
3
20
H,o
Zn0.CoO
Co(N°3),
(o)
Cobalt( )
znCoO,
bitrate:
Rinmann's gren
2nsoHyo (white vitiol):
preparaion:
2nsoy
2nso, + H,_o
properties:
33
colourless,
Cystallihe
solid, Solusle
wateY.
I t is
epsom Salt (mg5aH, o)
iSomephous ith
2
+
2n(oH),
N aoH
(shite)
2NaoH
Soluble in
2nsoy:THo
2nsou'
Sve
C opounds
Silv
NaoH.
296c
106c
nitrate
(salutle Canpksy
Luna
CAgNo):
prepahtion;
iS
dilte
prepared by
Ag
dissolvig
Hg
3 Ag + 4 HNO
(dilute
3
Causte):
metul
in
34
pvopeties:
0 #atng etfect:
2
2 Ag N,
Reaction
3
3T, +
(a) 6 Ag Nog
(esess)
(Lodic acd)
+- 5 HNO.
N HyoH :
Ag, 0 J,
2 NHhyOH
+ o
+ 2 NH Ng
(bounpot
2
This pet
o
(esuss)
with
Reactior
4 3
3T
< Ag N°g
Ag Io, + S AgT
(silveh io date)
0
eess
dissolves in
NtuoH.
+ 3Ho
Co3)o#
2/Ag
(olens veagent)
2 Ag + Cu(Nog),
2 tg t
2
with
phosphire Cpt):
6 Ag Nog t
3
o
2n(No),
Silves oxtde :
A9,0:
35
Preparation;
Ag, o t 2 NaN2
NaO!
()
Lt is a
Soluble (n wter.
spartngly
roun Soltd ,
heating effcct :
2
Ag, O
tg,0
+ H
2
The
aueous
solutien is
steng
basrc.
AgoH.
Ag,O
A
(dy)
wet Ag, o
AgoH
R--P
(ethex)
R-oH +
(adccho)
The-end
+ 2 AgT
Ag C.