Chemistry
-
3
-
homolytic/heterocytic
-
~
finish notes
on
finish organic
fission
,
nucleophiles
periodicity ,
notes
9701- AS
+
.
electrophiles
nomenclative
Shapes of hybridized
molecules
SP3
tetrahedral , b
:
30 1p
:
Llp
:
2 &
for
->
pyramidal
bent
every
109 5
30
.
a
.
10h
,
28
trigonal planar
:
/up
bent ,
:
12"
,
,
has
Jon
bond ,
a
repulsive forces
the
of the
all e
B
rages
*
.
a
:
o
"
25' zp
:
B
b
CO2
25 2p'
:
love
have-ve
.
p
hence
120°
b
Sph
,
the
.
shell electron
,
pair repulsion theory
repel
and hence
repelled
e-pairs
other
by
b.p
forced
will be
I
and
apart
.
p
until
.
minimized
p-b p repulsion
least
.
,
.
most
c.p up repulsion
CH4
c
a
is
cancelled out
are
charge
will be
:
=
.
b
pair
valence
:
repulsion
earlier
-
B
180
S
that
pair
↓
-
Sp3
Sp
"a b
F
,
e
104 5
-
I
linear
:
p
P
180"
,
.
lone
F
Linear
:
10 1
VSEPR
BF3
-
28
120"
orbital
hybridized
Sp
Spa
0
4)
=
0:2
180"
:
H
H
-
"
c
-
non
:
2sh
tetrahedral
H
H
p
2
25'23
:
I
Linear
trigonal planar
b a
.
:
109 5
0
,
0
.
- On
b a
.
Is "2p4
:
bent
/angular
104 5
;
.
NHz
-
electronegativity
factors
:
The
②
atomic radius
③
nuclear
->
across
an
atom
to
attract e
grp
to
I
.
itself
17
-
H
zp3
pyramidal
b
.
a
:
107"
greater
radius, less electro
,
more
more
shielding
,
less electro
negativity
negativity
electronegativity
.
EN
decreases
:
period
nuclear
:
shells and subshells
-
charge : greater charge
trends in
down
of
N
influencing electronegativity :
D shielding by inner
-
power
-
2st
N :
11
n
->
:
increases
Oshielding
-
-
O constant
O increased distance
effect
shielding
:
1 EN11
:
DEN1
:
non
polar
slightly polar
highly polar
1 EN
,
2
:
btw/e and nucleus
② decreased distance btwle
charge
JEN=0
of
energy level
iOniC
and nucleus
③ increasing
.
2
O
Charle's
Law
v/m3
:
directly
v
proportional
to T at constant
P
v9T
-
--
T
-
+
+
T
--high
m
.
p/b p
.
:
strong electrostatic
-
+
t
+
+
e
.
-
T/K
forces of attraction
-
t
ductile/malleable
-
.
slide
: Cu
g
->
over
layers
& Avogadro's
that can
each other
conducte
can
:
gas
delocalized e-
:
constant
at
low
~
-
2) There
gas
in
mols of
to
and mass
repulsion
btwl
behaves like ideal
gas
far apart
limitations of ideal
of attraction
torces
,
molewles
v
-
:
law
gas
.
Low
,
volume
:
2)
rowme of molecules
gas is
v
small
molewles do not have zero attraction
"The ideal
gas
2) high temperature
cannot be
hence
,
them
ignored
practice
in
btul
,
impossible
molecules
All collisions
4)
volume of the
completely
are
molewles of
to the volume of
The
randomly
intermolecular forces of attraction
are no
3)
5)
and
,
)
postulates
rapidly
P
,
pressure
molewles
occupied by
move
T
directly proportional
volume
under which
conditions
1)
1) gas particles
:
van
->
Ideal gas
law
temperature
elastic
gas
is
negligible
in
comparison
gas
of a
gas
related
is
to the
avg
KE of its
molewles
6)
The
of
pressure
a
gas is
molewles and the wall
in order for
-
a
with all the
ideal
*
->
to convert from
2 to K
Boyle's law
P
,
it must
comply
,
regular
=
8 31
add 273
gas
:P
laws
3
Pax
m
=
mol
x
dimensional
wordination
- e
K XR
.
unit for gas constant
:
J mol
:
k
.
-
g
:
,
:
.
Soluble
: v
.
temp
-
hard
,
brittle
ions w/ like
of ions
ion
:
strong ,
surrounding a
in a lattice
compounds
in water due
oppositely charged
constant
the
.
MgO
bonding
iOnic
the number
no :
oppositely charged
NaCl
mp , bp
to °C
to V for
arrangement of alternating
and-ve ions
-
inversely proportional
ot
ions
-
when hit
charges
will
can
to
have
presence
form
w/ force ,
high
of
ion-dipole bonds
ions
repel causing
,
displaced
structure to
break
V
,
S
gas constant
derives from
O
ideal
-
ionic structure
particular
↓
↓
.
container
O Giant
(in Kelun
nRT
pressure
gas
:
temperature
moles
=
of the
the collisions btul the
postulates
volume
↑
to
to be considered
gas
gas equation
PV
due
can
conduct e
when
aqueous
"
-greater charge
of attraction
,
on
ions :
greater
M
.
greater
P/ B P
.
or
molten
electrostatic forces
Organic Chemistry
-
hydrocarbon
:
a
compound made up
of cand #
atoms
only
Nomenclature
: