1.
(a)
Use the words in the box to fill in the gaps in the diagram. You may use each word once
or not at all.
carbon
burning
decay
eaten
nitrogen
oxygen
pollution
respiration
Carbon dioxide
in the air
produces carbon dioxide as
it releases energy from food
Photosynthesis
makes food
in plants
Fungi
by animals
Bacteria respire
of dead plants and animals
Wood, coal, gas and petrol are used
in this process. Fossil fuels are the
remains of plants and animals which
lived millions of years ago.
(4)
(b)
(i)
Why are fungi called decomposers?
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Give one other type of decomposer.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Sharnbrook Upper School and Community College
1
2.
The diagram shows some of the stages by which materials are cycled in living organisms.
B
Producers
Respiration
A
Consumers
Respiration
Death
and decay
C
Death
and decay
D
Chemical substances in
environment, used for growth
(a)
In which of the stages, A, B, C or D:
(i)
are substances broken down by microbes; .......................................................
(ii)
is carbon dioxide made into sugar; ..................................................................
(iii)
are plants eaten by animals? .............................................................................
(3)
(b)
In an experiment, samples of soil were put into four beakers. A dead leaf was put onto the
soil in each beaker. The soil was kept in the conditions shown.
Dead leaf
Soil
W
Warm and wet
X
Cold and wet
Y
Cold and dry
Z
Warm and dry
In which beaker, W, X, V or Z, would the dead leaf decay quickest? ......................
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Sharnbrook Upper School and Community College
2
3.
The diagram shows part of the carbon cycle.
Carbon dioxide in
the atmosphere
A
D
Plants
B
Dead plants
and animals
Animals
C
Microorganisms
(a)
Which letter, A, B, C or D, represents:
(i)
respiration
.........................................
(1)
(ii)
photosynthesis?
.........................................
(1)
(b)
Local authorities are encouraging people to recycle vegetable waste by converting it into
compost.
Compost is made by mixing the vegetable waste with soil in a large container.
(i)
Decay occurs more quickly if the container has holes in the sides.
Explain why.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
Sharnbrook Upper School and Community College
3
(ii)
Spreading compost on the soil between plants leads to better growth of the plants.
Explain why.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
4.
Each autumn, many trees lose their leaves.
(a)
Describe how carbon compounds in the leaves can be recycled so that they can be used
again by the trees.
To gain full marks in this question you should write your ideas in good English. Put them
into a sensible order and use the correct scientific words.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(4)
(b)
Give two environmental conditions which speed up the processes that you have described
in part (a).
1 ..................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Sharnbrook Upper School and Community College
4
5.
In a stable community, the processes which remove materials are balanced by processes which
return materials. These materials are constantly cycled within the community.
(a)
Name:
(i)
process X ..........................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
process Y ..........................................................................................................
(1)
(iii)
the group of organisms Z which bring about decay.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Many of the plants that we eat as fruits and vegetables in the UK are imported. The
transport used to import foods accounts for about 2.5% of the UK’s carbon dioxide
emissions. During winter, it is necessary to import foods because most of the UK’s fresh
vegetables have to be grown in greenhouses. Energy is needed to heat and light these
greenhouses.
Sharnbrook Upper School and Community College
5
Give one argument for and one against growing all of our vegetables in the UK. These
arguments should consider the environmental effect of carbon dioxide emissions.
Argument for:
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
Argument against:
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 6 marks)
Sharnbrook Upper School and Community College
6