&DSDFLWLHV Mickael QUESNOT 3 5 & 6 3 3 / ( + 5HOHDVH% ® &DSDFLWLHV 6$3$* &RS\ULJKW © Copyright 1998 SAP AG. All rights reserved. No part of this brochure may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP AG. The information contained herein may be changed without prior notice. SAP AG further does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of the information, text, graphics, links, or other items contained within these materials. SAP AG shall not be liable for any special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages, including without limitation, lost revenues or lost profits, which may result from the use of these materials. The information in this documentation is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of SAP AG for the future. Some software products marketed by SAP AG and its distributors contain proprietary software components of other software vendors. 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SAP®, R/2®, R/3®, RIVA®, ABAP/4®, SAP ArchiveLink®, SAPaccess®, SAPmail®, SAPoffice®, SAP-EDI®, R/3 Retail®, SAP EarlyWatch®, SAP Business Workflow®, ALE/WEB, Team SAP, BAPI, Management Cockpit are registered or unregistered trademarks of SAP AG. ,FRQV ,FRQ 0HDQLQJ Caution Example Note -XQH 6$3$* &DSDFLWLHV &RQWHQWV &DSDFLWLHV &DSDFLW\/HYHOLQJLQWKH3URMHFW6\VWHP &DSDFLW\5HTXLUHPHQWV,Q3URMHFWV ([HFXWLQJ&DSDFLW\/HYHOLQJ 36 Capacity Leveling in the Capacity Planning Menu ................................................................... 10 Accessing Capacity Leveling/Evaluation from Scheduling/Structure Planning........................ 11 Accessing Capacity Leveling in the Project Planning Board.................................................... 12 &KHFNLQJ&DSDFLW\$YDLODELOLW\LQ1HWZRUNV :RUNIRUFH3ODQQLQJ $FFHVVLQJWKH3ODQQLQJ%RDUGLQWKH3URMHFW9LHZ 'LVWULEXWLQJ:RUNWR3HRSOHLQWKH3URMHFW9LHZ $FFHVVLQJWKH3ODQQLQJ%RDUGLQWKH:RUN&HQWHU9LHZ 'LVWULEXWLQJ:RUNWR3HRSOHLQWKH:RUN&HQWHU9LHZ 'HILQLQJD3URILOHIRU:RUNIRUFH3ODQQLQJ -XQH &DSDFLWLHV 6$3$* &DSDFLWLHV 3XUSRVH A capacity is a resource whose availability is planned for a certain time period. In contrast to other resources in the SAP System, such as materials, production resources/tools or capital, you can not save capacities. You use capacity planning in the Project System, if you • Want to determine the capacity requirements for work in internally processed network activities and then compare these requirements with the available capacity of the work center. • Want to use capacity leveling for determining the optimum capacity load utilization and for selecting suitable resources. If you have linked the work centers or labor capacities used in the network activities with objects in the personnel system(HR) you can use workforce planning [Page 14]. 6HHDOVR For more detailed information on capacity planning, refer to the R/3 Library 33&DSDFLW\ 3ODQQLQJ. For information about Work Centers [Ext.] and the data that you have to maintain there, refer to the R/3 Library 33:RUN&HQWHUV. -XQH 6$3$* &DSDFLWLHV &DSDFLW\/HYHOLQJLQWKH3URMHFW6\VWHP &DSDFLW\/HYHOLQJLQWKH3URMHFW6\VWHP 3XUSRVH The main tools for planning in the project system are the work breakdown structure and the network. The work breakdown structure and the WBS elements define the hierarchical structure of the projects. You use activities in the network or activities that are subordinate to WBS elements to plan the project and the resource requirements. Capacity leveling is an important tool for planning resources in a project. It matches available capacity and capacity requirements off against one another and dispatches the capacity requirements. )HDWXUHV Capacity leveling can be carried out in a tabular planning board, in which available capacity and capacity requirements are displayed in periods. You can also use a graphic planning board, with which it is possible to display available capacity and capacity requirements on a continuous basis. The main function of capacity leveling is the dispatching of activities [Ext.]. For information about further functions, refer to Functions in Capacity Leveling [Ext.] . For information about how to handle these functions in the two planning boards refer to The Tabular Planning Board [Ext.] or The Graphic Planning Board [Ext.]. You can also access capacity leveling with different views, which you use according to your responsibilities. 3URMHFWYLHZ The project manager can view capacity leveling for a particular WBS hierarchy by choosing /HYHOLQJ →3URMHFWYLHZin the Capacity Leveling menu [Page 10]. Capacity leveling can be accessed from the 3URMHFW6\VWHP: • In the project planning board [Page 12] by choosing *RWR → &DSDFLW\OHYHOLQJ • In time scheduling and structure planning [Page 11] by choosing *RWR → &DSDFLW\ OHYHOLQJ Here he can also call up the standard overview for capacity leveling. 1HWZRUN9LHZ The planner who is responsible for a network can view capacity leveling by choosing /HYHOLQJ → 2UGHUYLHZ from the Capacity planning menu [Page 10] . Only the activities from one or more network are taken into account. He can also check the availability of capacities in a network [Page 13] . :RUN&HQWHU9LHZ The person responsible for a work center can call up capacity leveling by choosing /HYHOLQJ → :RUNFHQWHUYLHZ from the Capacity planning menu [Page 10]. 2WKHU9LHZV -XQH &DSDFLWLHV 6$3$* &DSDFLW\/HYHOLQJLQWKH3URMHFW6\VWHP You can call up other views specific to your company from the variable overview. You can maintain these variable overviews in Customizing. To use views other than those in the standard system, which you have maintained in Customizing, you change the user parameters for view selection. -XQH 6$3$* &DSDFLWLHV &DSDFLW\5HTXLUHPHQWV,Q3URMHFWV &DSDFLW\5HTXLUHPHQWV,Q3URMHFWV 'HILQLWLRQ The capacity requirements are the internal resources required at a particular time for a project to be carried out. For internally processed activities you specify the resource, such as a work center, and a value for the work in the activity. When several resources are required to carry out an activity or if you have different capacity requirements, you can create work elements. You maintain the same data in work elements as in activities. You specify the date for the work element requirements as an offset to the start or finish date of the activity. The system calculates the capacity requirements for networks using the formula [Ext.] entered in work center maintenance. Generally, the system uses the value you entered for ZRUN in the network activity in the formula, however, you can specify other formula parameters. You must schedule the network in order to have the system calculate the capacity requirements. Scheduling determines the earliest and latest start and finish dates for carrying out activities in the network and calculates the required capacity requirements as well as the slack time or “floats”. For scheduling and determining capacity requirements the system uses the following data: • The operating time • The formula for the duration of internal processing • The calendar • The formula for the capacity requirements of internal processing activities If no formula has been maintained for the capacity requirements, the system will not calculate capacity requirements. For more information scheduling, refer to Network Scheduling [Ext.]. 5HGXFWLRQRI&DSDFLW\5HTXLUHPHQWV As well as partial and final confirmation, the status “technically complete” also affects capacity requirements. This status, like a final confirmation, causes all capacity requirements for an order to be reduced to zero. For partially confirmed activities in networks, the remaining capacity requirements are calculated by subtracting the actual value for work from the capacity requirements. You can also enter a forecast value for the work with which the capacity requirements can be recalculated using formulas. $YDLODEOH&DSDFLWLHV You define available capacities in the work center using capacity categories. Available capacity is the output that a capacity category can generate per work center. -XQH &DSDFLWLHV 6$3$* &DSDFLW\5HTXLUHPHQWV,Q3URMHFWV Capacity categories are, for example • An individual machine in production • A group of people operating a production line • A group of engineers You can link a work center or a capacity with objects in the personnel system [Ext.] . You can then use Workforce Planning [Page 14]. For more information on work centers and the data for capacity planning, refer to Work Centers [Ext.] . -XQH 6$3$* &DSDFLWLHV ([HFXWLQJ&DSDFLW\/HYHOLQJ 36 ([HFXWLQJ&DSDFLW\/HYHOLQJ 36 3UHUHTXLVLWHV You must have maintained various settings for capacity leveling in Customizing for scheduling and dispatching of capacity requirements. For more information about the settings necessary for executing capacity leveling, refer to Settings and Profiles for Capacity Leveling [Ext.] The overall profile for capacity leveling is saved in the project profile. $FFHVVLQJ&DSDFLW\/HYHOLQJ Access capacity leveling in one of the following ways: • • • Capacity Levelling in the Capacity Planning Menu [Page 10] Accessing Capacity Levelling/Evaluation from Scheduling/Structure Planning [Page 11] Accessing Capacity Levelling in the Project Planning Board [Page 12] ([HFXWLQJ&DSDFLW\/HYHOLQJ)XQFWLRQV If you have called up the tabullar or graphic planning board, you can dispatch capacity requirements or use several other Functions in Capacity Levelling [Ext.] These are described in detail in Functions in the Graphic Planning Board [Ext.] or Functions in Tabellar Planning Board [Ext.]. -XQH &DSDFLWLHV 6$3$* &DSDFLW\/HYHOLQJLQWKH&DSDFLW\3ODQQLQJ0HQX &DSDFLW\/HYHOLQJLQWKH&DSDFLW\3ODQQLQJ0HQX 1. Choose /RJLVWLFV$FFRXQWLQJ →3URMHFWPDQDJHPHQW→3ODQQLQJand then 5HVRXUFHV→ &DSDFLW\SODQQLQJ or choose /RJLVWLFV →3URGXFWLRQ→ &DSDFLW\SODQQLQJ The Capacity planning menu [Ext.] appears. 2. Choose /HYHOLQJ and then the required view as well as the planning board with which you want to carry out capacity leveling. The selection screen for capacity leveling is displayed. 3. According to the view, enter either the work centers, networks or WBS elements for which the capacities are to be leveled. By choosing *RWR →)LOWHUyou can further limit the selection. 4. Confirm your entries by choosing (QWHU. The selected planning board is called up and the capacity requirements and available capacities are displayed according to the selected view and selection. -XQH 6$3$* &DSDFLWLHV $FFHVVLQJ&DSDFLW\/HYHOLQJ(YDOXDWLRQIURP6FKHGXOLQJ6WUXFWXUH3ODQQLQJ $FFHVVLQJ&DSDFLW\/HYHOLQJ(YDOXDWLRQIURP 6FKHGXOLQJ6WUXFWXUH3ODQQLQJ $FFHVVLQJ6FKHGXOLQJ Choose /RJLVWLFV$FFRXQWLQJ →3URMHFWPDQDJHPHQW→3ODQQLQJand then'DWHV→&KDQJH EDVLFGDWHVor&KDQJHIRUHFDVW $FFHVVLQJ6WUXFWXUH3ODQQLQJ Choose /RJLVWLFV$FFRXQWLQJ →3URMHFWPDQDJHPHQW→3ODQQLQJand then3URMHFW→ 6WUXFWXUH SODQQLQJ→ &KDQJHSURMHFW The following functions are accessed identically in scheduling and structure planning. ,QGLYLGXDO &DSDFLW\/HYHOLQJ You can access &DSDFLW\OHYHOLQJ or /HYHOLQJRILQGLYLGXDOFDSDFLWLHV in the tabular or graphic planning board by choosing *RWR → &DSDFLW\SODQQLQJ You can decide whether you want to display • :%6HOHPHQWORDG This shows the load that is caused by RQO\ WKHRQH WBS element. Capacity requirements from other orders, networks or WBS elements will not be displayed or • Total load. 5XQQLQJ&DSDFLW\5HSRUWV By choosing *RWR→&DSDFLW\5HTXLUHPHQWV3ODQQLQJ→5XQ&DSDFLW\UHSRUWyou can access the standard overview [Ext.] of capacity evaluation, in which the available capacities , the requirements, the load utilization and the free capacities are listed, displayed in periods -XQH &DSDFLWLHV 6$3$* $FFHVVLQJ&DSDFLW\/HYHOLQJLQWKH3URMHFW3ODQQLQJ%RDUG $FFHVVLQJ&DSDFLW\/HYHOLQJLQWKH3URMHFW3ODQQLQJ %RDUG 1. Choose /RJLVWLFV$FFRXQWLQJ →3URMHFWPDQDJHPHQW→3ODQQLQJand then3URMHFW → 3URMHFWSODQQLQJERDUG→ &KDQJHSURMHFW The initial screen for the project planning table is displayed. 2. Enter the data on the initial screen and choose ([HFXWH The system displays the project planning board. 3. You can call up (individual) capacity leveling by choosing *RWR → &DSDFLW\OHYHOLQJ You can decide which capacity requirements you want to display. • • The requirements produced by the selected WBS elements exclusively The total requirements, that is also the requirements from other orders, networks and WBS elements. You can also display a sub-screen with the load per capacity or per capacity and WBS element by choosing Goto → &DSDFLW\ORDGXWLOL]DWLRQ -XQH 6$3$* &DSDFLWLHV &KHFNLQJ&DSDFLW\$YDLODELOLW\LQ1HWZRUNV &KHFNLQJ&DSDFLW\$YDLODELOLW\LQ1HWZRUNV 1. Chooses /RJLVWLFV$FFRXQWLQJ →3URMHFWPDQDJHPHQW→ 2SHUDWLYHVWUXFWXUHV. The initial screen 2SHUDWLYH3URMHFW6WUXFWXUHVis displayed. 2. Select 1HWZRUN→&KDQJH 3. Enter the relevant data on the initial screen and then choose (QWHU. 4. In the network header choose (GLW →$YDLODELOLW\→&DSDFLW\ You are informed whether there are work centers in the network that are overloaded. You can then display detailed information or call up finite scheduling. The procedure for Checking Capacity Availability [Ext.] is described in the R/3 Library 33 3URGXFWLRQ2UGHUV (PP-SFC). -XQH &DSDFLWLHV 6$3$* :RUNIRUFH3ODQQLQJ :RUNIRUFH3ODQQLQJ 8VH With Workforce Planning, you can distribute work to people for specific periods. This distribution takes place on a planning board that is convenient and easy to use. On this planning board you can conduct workforce planning orientated towards a project or towards work centers, depending on your responsibilities. 3URMHFWYLHZ When you call up the planning board in project view [Page 15] you select WBS elements or networks by choosing projects. All the selected network activities or the network activities assigned to the selected WBS elements are displayed on the planning board. You can then select the people that are assigned to the work centers for the activities and distribute [Page 17] the work from the activities :RUN&HQWHU9LHZ When you call up the planning board in the work center view [Page 18] you select work centers. On the planning board are listed: • All persons that are assigned to the select work centers. • All network activities that are assigned to the work centers. You can then distribute [Page 20] the work from the displayed activities amongst the selected persons. 3UHUHTXLVLWHV In Customizing you must have defined profiles for work force planning [Page 21], which contains the settings for the planning board. However you change the settings for the current working environment from those of the profile, when you call up the planning board. • • You must have linked the work centers or personnel capacities with objects in the personnel system (HR) [Ext.] . • You must have scheduled the activities to create capacity requirements. • Only one labor capacity can exist for each work center. • You must have assigned work centers to the internally processed activities. You enter the formulas [Ext.] necessary for calculating capacity requirements in the work center. -XQH 6$3$* &DSDFLWLHV $FFHVVLQJWKH3ODQQLQJ%RDUGLQWKH3URMHFW9LHZ $FFHVVLQJWKH3ODQQLQJ%RDUGLQWKH3URMHFW9LHZ 1. Choose /RJLVWLFV$FFRXQWLQJ →3URMHFWPDQDJHPHQW→3ODQQLQJor([HFXWLRQand then:RUNIRUFHSODQQLQJ→3URMHFWYLHZ 2. On the dialog box, enter the profile you want to use to display the planning board. 3. Select a project, WBS element or network on the 3URMHFWVHOHFWLRQscreen. 4. If necessary change the settings for presentation from those in the profile in the 6HWWLQJV screen section. 5. Confirm by choosing 3URJUDP→([HFXWH You reach the planning board in the project view. The selected WBS elements with all the assigned network activities are displayed on the project view of the planning board The column 7RWDO:RUN is the total work from the activities, the column 7REHGLVWULEXWHG the work still to be distributed. The periods where you can distribute work are ready for input in the period columns. The system determines these periods by scheduling. 'LVSOD\2SWLRQV -XQH &DSDFLWLHV 6$3$* $FFHVVLQJWKH3ODQQLQJ%RDUGLQWKH3URMHFW9LHZ • You can show the available capacity for each person. To do this, choose the menu options (GLW → PHUVRQ DYDLODELOLW\→ 6KRZ Two new lines are inserted in the column 7RWZRUN: $YDLODEOH: The available capacity for each person is displayed. 7RWDO: The total capacity load of a person, including the load from other activities and projects, is displayed. • You can display the activities for a network. Select an activity and choose the menu options *RWR→'LVSOD\DFWLYLWLHV All activities in the network are displayed on the basic data screen. Newly created splits are not visible since this data is read directly from the database. If you start workforce planning with a split without distributed work, the work is distributed to the start of the split or the start of the planning period (if the start of the split is before the start of the planning period). You can distribute the displayed work and save the distribution. -XQH 6$3$* &DSDFLWLHV 'LVWULEXWLQJ:RUNWR3HRSOHLQWKH3URMHFW9LHZ 'LVWULEXWLQJ:RUNWR3HRSOHLQWKH3URMHFW9LHZ 1. Select an activity. 2. Choose (GLW →&UHDWHDVVLJQPHQW The dialog box 6HOHFWLRQRI3HRSOH appears 3. Select one or more people and choose (QWHU. The selected people are assigned to the activities. They are listed in the line below the corresponding activity. 4. Scroll in the period area to the time period that is available for entry (highlighted) and distribute the work. 5. Save your data. If you change the period split, a appears in front of the split in certain cases. If a split has this symbol, you know there is at least one day in the evaluation period with distributed work that does not agree with the split/period start or split/period finish depending on the settings in the profile. -XQH &DSDFLWLHV 6$3$* $FFHVVLQJWKH3ODQQLQJ%RDUGLQWKH:RUN&HQWHU9LHZ $FFHVVLQJWKH3ODQQLQJ%RDUGLQWKH:RUN&HQWHU9LHZ 1. Choose /RJLVWLFV$FFRXQWLQJ →3URMHFWPDQDJHPHQW→3ODQQLQJor([HFXWLRQand then:RUNIRUFHSODQQLQJ→:RUNFHQWHUYLHZ 2. On the dialog box, enter the profile you want to use to display the planning board. 3. Select a work center, plant or personnel number on the :RUNFHQWHUVHOHFWLRQ screen. 4. If necessary change the settings for presentation from those in the profile in the 6HWWLQJV screen section. 5. Carry out your selection by choosing the menu options 3URJUDP→([HFXWH You reach the planning board in the work center view. The planning board in the work center view displays a work center with its assigned people. In the lower section of the planning board are all the activities and their WBS elements that are processed in the work center. 'LVSOD\2SWLRQV • You can show the available capacity for each person. To do this, choose the menu options (GLW → 3HUVRQ DYDLODELOLW\ 6KRZ Two new lines are inserted in the column 7RWDOZRUN: -XQH 6$3$* &DSDFLWLHV $FFHVVLQJWKH3ODQQLQJ%RDUGLQWKH:RUN&HQWHU9LHZ $YDLODEOH: The available capacity for each person is displayed. 7RWDO: The total capacity load of a person, including the load from other projects, is displayed (depending on the selected profile). • • You can also show the available capacity of the work center. To do this, choose the menu options (GLW → $YDLORIZRUNFWU → 6KRZ You can display the activities for a network. Select an activity and choose the menu options *RWR→'LVSOD\DFWLYLWLHV All activities in the network are displayed on the basic data screen. Newly created splits are not visible since this data is read directly from the database. If you start workforce planning with a split without distributed work, the work is distributed to the start of the split or the start of the planning period (if the start of the split is before the start of the planning period). You can distribute the displayed work and save the distribution. -XQH &DSDFLWLHV 6$3$* 'LVWULEXWLQJ:RUNWR3HRSOHLQWKH:RUN&HQWHU9LHZ 'LVWULEXWLQJ:RUNWR3HRSOHLQWKH:RUN&HQWHU9LHZ 1. Select one or more people and one or more activities that you want to assign to the people. 2. Choose (GLW →&UHDWHDVVLJQPHQW The selected activities are assigned to the person or people.These people are listed on the line below the corresponding activity. 3. Scroll in the period area to the time period that is available for entry (highlighted) and distribute the work. 4. Save your data. If you change the period split, a appears in front of the split in certain cases. If a split has this symbol, you know there is at least one day in the evaluation period with distributed work that does not agree with the split/period start or split/period finish depending on the settings in the profile. -XQH 6$3$* &DSDFLWLHV 'HILQLQJD3URILOHIRU:RUNIRUFH3ODQQLQJ 'HILQLQJD3URILOHIRU:RUNIRUFH3ODQQLQJ 1. In Customizing for the Project System, choose &DSDFLWLHV→'HILQHSURILOHIRU ZRUNIRUFHSODQQLQJ 2. Choose 1HZHQWULHV. 3. Enter a name and a description for the new profile. 4. In the section 3ODQQLQJSHULRG, specify the time unit, entry type, start date and finish date for the planning board. 5. In the section 'LVSOD\, set the indicators for what you want to display in the work center or project view: – Set the 'LVSOD\ZRUNLQJWLPH indicator if you want to display the available capacity of people for each period. – Set the 'LVSOD\WRWDOFDSORDG indicator if you want to display the entire capacity load from all activities, including activities that are not selected. If you do not set the indicator, the capacity load of a person for selected activities is displayed in the work center view. – Set the 'LVSOD\GLVWULEXWHGZRUN indicator if you want to display the work from the activities that is already distributed to people . If you do not set the indicator, the remaining work from the activities is displayed. 6. In the section 'LVDJJUHJDWLRQ, set the :RUNWRSHULRGVWDUW indicator if you want to apply the work to the earliest time in the period. If this indicator is not set, the work is applied to the latest time in the period. If you set the :RUNWRSHULRGVWDUW indicator, the work is applied to the day that represents the split start within the period in scheduling. -XQH