Biology Final 2022 1) Which of the following BEST describes the Independent variable? a. The variable set as normal in an experiment b. The variable you measure in an experiment c. The variable you purposely change in an experiment d. The variable that is unchanging in an experiment 2) Which of the following BEST describes the dependent variable? a. The variable set as normal in an experiment b. The variable you measure in an experiment c. The variable you purposely change in an experiment d. The variable that is unchanging in an experiment 3) Which of the Following BEST describes the control? a. The variable as normal in an experiment b. The variable you measure in an experiment c. The variable you purposely change in an experiment d. The variable that is unchanging in an experiment 4) An educated guess is the definition for which of the following? a. Control b. Hypothesi s c. Theory d. Qualitativ e data 5) A well proven hypothesis that can still be changed is a. Quantitati ve data b. Hypothesi s c. Theory d. Qualitativ e data 6) The idea that all living things are composed from other cells defines a. Central dogma b. The laws of inheritance c. Organelle theory d. Cell theory 7) Which of the following BEST describes why plants are green? a. Chlorophyll reflects the green light while absorbing the red and blue light waves b. Chlorophyll absorbs the green light while reflecting the red and blue waves c. Chloroplast wastes out the green d. The electron transport chain results the in green photons 8) The function of the nucleolus is a. Golgi production b. Phospholipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus c. Everyday DNA d. Storage DNA 9) Organelles involved in energy conversion are the a. rough ER and Golgi apparatus b. nucleus and chloroplast c. lysosome and ribosome d. mitochondrion and chloroplast 10) Which of the following statements best describes an organism's attempt to maintain CELLULAR homeostasis? a. a flowering plant bends away from the light b. a paramecium's contractile vacuole expels excess water from a cell. c. a wren lays three eggs in its nest d. a pup growls when a litter mate attempts to take its bone. 11) Which of the following structures would be used to identify a prokaryotic cell? a. free floating DNA no clearly defined nucleus b. cell wall, flagella, and chloroplasts c. cytoplasm, smooth ER, and rough ER d. mitochondria, Golgi body, and lysosomes 12) Which of the following correctly matches a structure with its function? a. b. c. d. mitochondria—photosynthesis nucleus—cellular respiration vacuole—storage chloroplast—cellular respiration 13) To enter or leave a cell, substances must pass through a. the Golgi apparatus b. a ribosome c. the nucleus d. the plasma membrane 14) Which of the following best describes a. Vesicles b. lysosomes c. cell wall d. ribosomes 15) Which of the following organelles make a. RER b. Golgi c. Ribosome d. SER the cell stomach? lipid? 16) Which three organelles make protein? a. mitochondria and chloroplast b. monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide c. plasma, nucleus, and golgi d. golgi, ribosomes and RER 17) Which of the following is the BEST explanation for an abundance of mitochondria in cardiac cells? a. the heart needs an abundance of ATP b. the mitochondria make the electricity for heart beat c. the mitochondria use ADP d. NADPH hold electrons for the heart cells 18) What two word mean plant? ( mark two) a. producer b. consumer c. autotroph d. heterotroph 19) What two words mean animal? ( mark a. producer b. consumer c. autotroph d. heterotroph 20) What two words are synonymous with a. photosystem one two) the dark cycle ( mark two) b. Calvin cycle c. photosystem 2 d. light independent reaction 21) What three structures are found exclusively in autotrophs? a. nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus b. cell wall, plasma membrane, chloroplast c. chloroplast, mitochondria, chloroplast d. cell wall, vacuoles and chloroplast 22) What is the monomer of nucleic acid? a. amino acids b. nucleotide c. carbohydrate d. monosaccharide 23) NADPH holds what and is found in what type of cell? a. electrons, autotrophs b. protons, heterotrophs c. electron, prokaryote d. electrons, heterotroph 24) A climax community, or a classification of similar ecosystems is a. population b. community c. biosphere d. biome 25) Carotenoids are a. the structure found under the leaf to aid in oxygen exchange b. a globular type of protein c. the red yellow pigment in chloroplast d. structurally related to the photosystem 26) The process by which nitrogen is fix form unusable atmospheric to usable nitrogen to be up taken into roots a. nitrogen fixation b. cellular respiration' c. transpiration and respiration d. nitrogen cycle 27) Homeostasis can be BEST described a. the pathway of internal energy distribution b. the uptake of autotrophs into heterotrophs c. a stable internal environment d. a stable external environment 28) What is the product of the Calvin cycle? a. NADPH and ATP b. Energy and protons c. sugar and carbon dioxide d. sugar and oxygen 29) What is the product of light dependent reaction a. NADPH and ATP b. Energy and protons c. sugar and carbon dioxide d. sugar and oxygen 30) Which of the following represents the levels of organization in order? a. cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere b. cell, tissue, organ system, individual, community, population, ecosystem, organ, biome, biosphere c. biosphere, community, population, cell, tissue, mitochondria, chloroplast, eubacteria, arch bacteria, conjunction, d. biosphere, biome, ecosystem, community, population, organism, organ system, organ, tissue, iconography, population, ecosystem, organ 31) Which is an example of an abiotic element changing an area? a. introducing a new type of grass b. water flooding the area c. two species of birds competing d. algae growing on crabgrass 32) If scientists are studying the egrets, herons, marsh crabs, and cordgrass, but NOT the water or rocks in a salt marsh, what level of organization would they be studying? a. Individual b. Population c. Community d. biosphere 33) When there is a lot of pollution, rain can be acidic, harming plants and animals. What is this an example of? a. competition between a population and a community b. a mutualistic type of symbiosis c. an abiotic factor affecting an ecosystem d. an individual affecting a community 34) What effect does biodiversity have on a community? a. It makes destruction by insects impossible. b. It makes primary succession more likely. c. It enables species to survive in a desert. d. d. It enables the community to withstand changes. 35) The largest population an environment ran support is its a. carrying capacity. b. limiting factor. c. population. d. symbiosis. 36) What are the steps cellular respiration in order? a) glycolysis, Calvin cycle , electron transport chain b) calvin, krebs, and electron transport chain c) light dependent, light independent reaction, electron transport chain d) glycolysis, kreb cycle, electron transport chain 37) How much total ATP is made in cellular respiration? b) 32 c) 36 d) 23 38) What is produced in glycolysis? a) Pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ATP b) glucose, 2 NAPDH, c) pyruvate, NADPH, 2 ATP d) NADH, FADH, GADH 39) What is produced in Kreb cycle? a) NADPH b) lactic acid c) NADH, FADH, GADH d) 32 ATP 40) What is produced in electron transport chain? a)Pyruvate, 32 ATP, NADH b) 32 ADP →32 ATP c) NADH, FADH, GADH d) Pyruvate and ATP 41) Under what conditions does both fermentation and lactic acid occur? a) aerobic b) anaerobic c) extremophiles d) poetic justice 42) The cell membrane of red blood cells will allow water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and glucose to pass but all other substances are blocked, why? a) The cell membrane is said to be semi permeable b) the cell membrane is ineffective c) the cell undergoes mitotic insurrections d) the membrane is completely permeable 43) The above chart describes which of the following? a) Animal cell b) Plant cell c) bacteria d) fungus 44) The codon AAG codes (or the amino acid Lysine(lys). A strand of mRNA reads AAGAAGAAGAAG Which of the following BEST describes the protein? a) arg-arg-arg b) lys-arg-lys-arg c) lys-ard-stop d) lys-lys-lys-lys 45) A given strand of DNA reads as follows ATCAGCGCTGGC How many codon are coded for A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 46) )For the DNA give abovewhat is the transcribed copy of mRNA? ( in # 45) a)TAGTCGGACCG b)UAGUCGCGACCG c) GCTUACGAATTU d)CGUCGUGCCAUA 47) For the following strand of DNA find the complementary copy of DNA ATCGCG a. CTGACG b. TUGCGC c. TAGCGC d. UAGCGC 48) Which organelle reads the codons? a) RER b) SER c) mitochondria d) Ribosomes 49)What is the function of tRNA? a) is a direct copy of the DNA b) is used to add amino acids to the growing amino acid chain c) used in conjuction with the Golgi d) there is no function for the tRNA 50)One human disease is the result in one codon from GAA to GUA this disease is the result of... a) mitosis b) meiosis c) mutation d) mitochondria 51)What changes would you expect if a GACUUA sequence was mutated to GCCUUU? i. ii. iii. iv. Shift in reading frame that leads to the protein being changed There is no overall change in the protein there will never be a change that is represented none of the above 52) What happens during translation? a. DNA is copied in to protein b. mRNA is turned into protein c. The cell is destroyed using teleomeres d. DNA is changed into infectious particles 53) Which of the following listed below is cause of mutation a. movement of tRNA out of the nucleus b. the release of mRNA from DNA c. insertion of a nucleotide into DNA d. the placement of ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum 54) What is the relationship between DNA, protein, and a cell? a. DNA codes for protein that manages the cell b. DNA codes for genes that control the cytoplasm c. Protein controls the gene expression of DNA through mRNA d. the relationships are proportional 55). What two places in the animal cell contain DNA? a) Golgi and RER b) mitochondria and Lysosomes c) mitochondria and nucleus d) plasma memebrane and chloroplast 56) . The movement of molecules from an concentration is called area of higher concentration to an area of lower a. diffusion b. endocytosis c. catalysis d. active transport 57) Phospholipid molecules in a membrane are arranged with their their on the interior. a. hydrophobic heads ...hydrophilic tails b. hydrophilic heads...hydrophobic tails c. nonpolar heads...polar tails d. why are you reading this its wrong 58) Any movement out of the cell is said to be? a. exocytosis c. endocytosis b. phagocytosis d. osmosis 59) Which of the following is an example of ACTIVE TRANSPORT? a. facilitated diffusion b. receptor mediated endocytosis c. diffusion on the exterior and d. osmosis 60) . Write the order of mitosis. a. abstract, introduction, materials and methods, results and discussion b. Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis c. Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase Il, Anaphase Il, Telephase Il, Metaphase l, Anaphase l, Telephase I d. Interphase, Propt»se, Metaphase l, Anaphase l, Telephase l, Metaphase Il Anaphase Il, Telephase Il 61) Which of the following best describes prophase? a. The nucleus disappears, the spindle forms and the DNA condenses into chromosomes b. The nucleus re appears the spindle breaks and the DNA uncondenses c. chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate d. The spindle breaks pulling the chromosomes are pulled toward the poles 62) . In organisms that reproduce sexually paired chromosomes separate and randomly segregate in a process called... a. meiosis b. mitosis c. osmosis d. homeostasis 63) .Diffusion of water across a semi permeable membrane is called? a. Osmosis b. Hypotonic c. Hypertonic d. isotonic 64) A plant cell is placed in a solution whose solute concentration is twice as great as the concentration of the cell cytoplasm. The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing water but not the solutes to pass through. What will happen to the cell? a.The cell will shrink b. The cell will swell c. There will be no changes e. Osmotic equilibrium 65) .Red blood cells have a salt content of 0.9%. When a microbiologist places red blood cells in pure water, osmosis occurs. Pure water rushes in displacing the salt water. What state of a instance of osmosis? f. Isotonic g. Hypertonic h. Hypotonic i. osmosis 66) .When a receptor grabs a substrate and bring into the cell, this is called? j. Receptor mediated endocytosis k. Facilitated diffusion l. Osmosis m. Active transport 67) Define diffusion a. Movement of water from high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium b. Movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium c. The use of a channel protein for endocytosis d. The use of carrier protein for exocytosis 68) During which phase of the meiotic cell cycle does DNA replication occur? a. interphase b. prophase c. metaphase d. anaphase e. telophase 69) When does crossover take place in meiosis? a. interphase b. prophase c. metaphase d. anaphase e. telophase 70) During which phase of meiosis does the nuclear membrane reform around chromosomes? a. interphase b. prophase I c. metaphase II d. anaphase I e. telophase II 71) A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is... a. a somatic cell of a male b. a zygote c. a somatic cell of a female d. a sperm cell e. an ovum 72) Homologous chromosomes move towards opposite poles of a dividing cell during... a. mitosis b. meiosis I c. meiosis II d. fertilization e. binary fission 73) Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that... a. homologous chromosomes synapse b. DNA replicates before the division c. the daughter cells are diploid d. sister chromatids separate during anaphase 74) Metaphase of meiosis I and meiosis II differ in that... a. chromosomes line up at the equator b. homologues line up in meiosis I and duplicated chromosomes line up in meiosis II c. sister chromatids line up in meiosis I and chromosomes line up in meiosis II d. there are the same number of chromosomes 75) 9. At which stage of meiosis do chromatids separate and become daughter chromosomes? a. metaphase I b. anaphase I c. metaphase II d. anaphase II 76) The process in which haploid gametes are formed in diploid organisms is called: a. cytokinesis b. interphase c. meiosis d. mitosis 77) A human cell containing 44 autosomes and two X chromosomes is... a. a somatic cell of a male b. a somatic cell of a female c. a sperm cell d. an ovum 78) Which cells of the human body are made through the process of meiosis? a. gametes b. somatic cells c. all cells of the body d. X and Y chromosomes 79) If a diploid organism has a genome consisting of 22 chromosomes, its gametes will have _____ chromosomes. a. 44 b. 11 c. 22 d. 88 80) Identify the phase of mitosis. The chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate. a) prophase b) telophase c) metaphase d) anaphase 81) Which the following is the BEST explanation for why the chromosome number is an even number a) The diploid chromosome number represents pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent , so it’s always an even number b) Chromosomes double every time a cell splits, so after the first division it’s always even c) It is only a coincidence d) The diploid number is only present in the cell until anaphase 82) Triglycerides, phospholipids and steroids are all kinds of a. lipids b. protein c. carbohydrate d. nucleic acids 83) what is the structure of a nucleotides? a. phosphate- lipid- nitrogen base b. nitrate- sugar- purines c. phosphate- sugar-nitrogen base d. nitrogen- lipid- pyrmadines 84) which of the following are purines? a. thymine, cytosine b. adenine, guanine c. uracil, adenine d. thymine asinine 85 ) What is the building blocks of protein? a. amino acids b. nucleotide c. carbohydrate d. monosaccharide 86 ) All the populations in an area is called? a. population b. community c. ecosystem d. biome 88) all the biotic and abiotic factors in an area is called? a. population b. community c. ecosystem d. biome 89) How much energy is LOST as body heat, when it passes up the food web? a. 90% b. 85% c. 10% d. 15% 90) A structure within a cell that performs a specific function is called a. organelle b. organ tissue c. tissue 91)The idea that all living things are composed from other cells defines a. Central dogma b. The laws of inheritance c. Organelle theory d. Cell theory 92)Strawberry plant clones are given different amounts of water for a 3-week period. First strawberry plant receives 400 milliliters (ml) a day. The second strawberry plant receives 200ml a day. The third strawberry plant receives 100ml a day. The fourth strawberry plant does not receive any extra water; this plant only receives natural ways of receiving water. The height of the strawberry plants is recorded daily. Identify the independent variable a. The strawberry plant clone types b. The amount of water c. the heights d. the amount of strawberry produced 93) List the steps of the scientific method in order. a. Research, ask a question, hypothesis, gather data, results , communicate, conclusion b. Ask a question, hypothesis, research, theory, gather data, conclusion, communicate c. Ask a question, research, hypothesis, test, gather data, conclusion, communicate d. Communicate, conclusion, gather data, test, hypothesis, ask a question, research 94) Which of the following BEST describes the Independent variable? a. The variable set as normal in an experiment b. The variable you measure in an experiment c. The variable you purposely change in an experiment d. The variable that is unchanging in an experiment 95) Which of the following BEST describes the dependent variable? a. The variable set as normal in an experiment b. The variable you measure in an experiment c. The variable you purposely change in an experiment d. The variable that is unchanging in an experiment 96) Which of the Following BEST describes the control? a. The variable set as normal in an experiment b. The variable you measure in an experiment c. The variable you purposely change in an experiment d. The variable that is unchanging in an experiment 97) An educated guess is the definition for which of the following? a. Control b. Hypothesis c. Theory d. Qualitative data 98) Three wax palm trees are kept at different humidity levels inside of a greenhouse for 12 weeks. One tree is left outside in normal conditions. Height of the tree is measured once a week. Identify the control a. The weekly measured heights b. The tree left outside c. The different humidity levels d. The twelve weeks 99) One tank of goldfish is fed the normal amount of food once a day, a second tank is fed twice a day, and a third tank four times a day during a six week study. The fish’s body fat is recorded daily. Identify the Dependent variable a. The fish’s body fat b. The amount of food c. The tank size d. The type of goldfish 100) ) The major atmospheric byproduct of photosynthesis is a. nitrogen b. carbon dioxide c. oxygen d. water
