College of Engineering
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Solar-Powered Aeroponics Technology:
The Future of Farming in Batangas City
ALVAREZ, JED CEDRIC
BALAYAN, JEGO
CAMBE, JIERO
MAGHIRANG, KIEN SHOUHEI
PLATA, KEITH ALLEN
VILLARETE, PIERRE ALLEN
22-02167
22-04613
22-08366
22-08028
22-09493
22-00148
ECE 2102
DECEMBER 2023
22-02167@g.batstate-u.edu.ph
22-04613 @g.batstate-u.edu.ph
22-08366@g.batstate-u.edu.ph
22-08028@g.batstate-u.edu.ph
22-09493@g.batstate-u.edu.ph
22-00148@g.batstate-u.edu.ph
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I.
Introduction
Aeroponics is a method of growing plants without soil, where plant roots are suspended
in an air or mist environment and receive nutrients through a fine mist solution. This
technique allows for efficient water usage and faster growth rates compared to traditional
soil-based methods. Integrating solar power into aeroponics systems involves using solar
panels to harness energy from sunlight. This energy can be used to power pumps, lights,
or other components essential for the aeroponic system. By utilizing solar energy, these
systems can operate off-grid or reduce their reliance on conventional power sources,
making them more sustainable and environmentally friendly.
Aeroponics is a soilless method that creates a controlled environment for plant growth
using air and a nutrient-rich mist. It's highly efficient, requiring significantly less water
than traditional farming methods and even surpassing the water-saving capabilities of
hydroponics. Plants grown aeroponically exhibit increased uptake of minerals and
vitamins, potentially enhancing their nutritional value. According to Kumari & Kumar
(2019). This system ensures plants receive optimal oxygen and carbon dioxide,
stimulating rapid growth and reducing the time needed for root establishment. It's not
limited to specific types of plants; any species can thrive in aeroponics due to its finely
controllable micro-environment. Moreover, aeroponics allows for higher planting
densities as competition for nutrients and water among plants is minimized. It has various
applications, including efficient seed production, pharmaceutical bio-pharming within
plants, and improved cloning outcomes by enhancing root growth and maturation.
Studies have consistently shown superior yields in crops grown via aeroponics compared
to conventional methods, attributing this to increased leaf functions and overall efficiency
in photosynthesis.
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Through the study of Grazon & Montes (2023). Aeroponics, a soil-free plant cultivation
method, involves suspending roots in air and showering them with a nutrient-rich water
solution via pumps and spray nozzles. This process delivers oxygenated mist at intervals,
enabling roots to absorb essential nutrients and water. Compared to traditional soil-based
farming, aeroponics boasts faster growth, increased yields, and resource efficiency. Its
soil-free setup minimizes disease and pest risks, promoting sustainability. However,
challenges like setup costs, maintenance, and technical expertise are notable. Although
relatively new, aeroponics has proven effective for various crops like lettuce, tomatoes,
and strawberries. Technological advancements allow year-round cultivation by
manipulating environmental factors such as humidity, temperature, airflow, and light
intensity using specialized tools and systems.
Based on the study by Miller (2018). A new-age farming practice called aeroponics can
make a large impact in impoverished communities due to its resource-conserving
practices and high output potential. Aeroponics is a soilless model that utilizes a sprayer
system to apply nutrient-rich water to a suspended root structure. Aeroponics differs from
its sister methods, aquaponics, and hydroponics, by growing root systems without direct
contact with water. The applied spray is concentrated with essential macro- and
micronutrients, typically provided from purchased chemicals but does not require
pesticides. Producers can control the entire growing environment by keeping the setup in
an enclosed space and climate-controlled.
II.
Summary
In the face of agricultural decline due to various factors, including natural disasters and
the eruption of Taal Volcano, a beacon of hope emerges in the form of Solar-Powered
Aeroponics Technology. This innovative approach aims to revitalize crop yields and
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restore the agricultural prosperity of Batangas City. Solar-Powered Aeroponics
Technology offers a transformative solution to these pressing issues. This cutting-edge
system employs a soilless growing method that utilizes nutrient-rich mist to nourish
plants, optimizing resource utilization and minimizing environmental impact.
III.
Agricultural Decline
Affected commodities include rice, corn coffee, coconut, cacao, banana, pineapple, and other fruits and valuable crops.
Retrieved from The Philippine Star (2020), The image shows the effects of the eruption
of Taal Volcano in January of 2020 which unleashed a torrent of ash and debris upon the
surrounding countryside, causing widespread damage to agriculture in Batangas,
Philippines.
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The volcanic material wreaked havoc on crops, contaminating soil and rendering vast
swathes of land unproductive. The volcanic material wreaked havoc on crops,
contaminating soil and rendering vast swathes of land unproductive. The overall impact
was staggering, with agricultural losses estimated at a staggering 3.2 billion pesos
(Simeon, 2020). The eruption's immediate impact on crops was particularly severe. The
volcanic ash blocked sunlight, preventing crops from photosynthesizing and leading to
widespread crop failures. The debris, heavy and abrasive, damaged crops by crushing
stems and tearing leaves. Rice, corn, vegetables, and fruits were among the most affected
crops. In the towns of Calatagan, Talisay, and Taal, which bore the brunt of the eruption's
fury, crop yields plummeted by as much as 90%.
In addition to the immediate damage to crops, the eruption of Taal Volcano also had a
long-term impact on soil quality in Batangas. The volcanic ash and debris that fell on the
land lead to elevated soil sulfur levels and lowered soil pH. These changes in soil
composition can reduce the availability of phosphate and other essential minerals and
alter the soil's characteristics to such an extent that arable crops and pasture plants will
not survive. The ash also contained heavy metals that can be toxic to plants making it less
suitable for plant growth. The decline in soil quality has made it difficult for farmers to
grow crops. Many farmers have reported that their yields have decreased significantly
since the eruption. In some cases, farmers have been forced to abandon their land
altogether.
The economic repercussions of the eruption were far-reaching. Batangas, a region heavily
reliant on agriculture, experienced a decline in agricultural output. This decline led to job
losses and a decrease in income for farmers, exacerbating existing poverty and economic
hardship. The eruption's ripple effects extended beyond the agricultural sector, impacting
businesses that relied on agriculture for their operations.
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Agriculture Sercretary William Dar’s visit in Batangas and Cavite last year on January 18, where thousand of farmers,
fishers, ruralfolk, and residents were adversely affected with the eruption of Taal Volcano. (photoRTDC/DA
StratComms)
In the aftermath of the eruption, the Philippine government stepped in to provide
financial assistance to affected farmers. Additionally, programs aimed at improving soil
quality and promoting sustainable agricultural practices were implemented. While these
measures provided much-needed support, the road to recovery for Batangas agriculture
remains long and arduous. The long-term impact of the eruption on soil quality is still
being assessed, and the full extent of the economic damage may not be known for years.
Despite these challenges, there is a glimmer of hope. Farmers and researchers are
working together to develop innovative agricultural practices that can restore productivity
to the affected lands. The journey to rebuild Batangas agriculture will be arduous, but it is
a testament to the resilience of the human spirit and the unwavering determination of the
Filipino people.
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IV.
Green Urban Initiative
Green initiatives seek to preserve and improve the environment through the use of
sustainable, eco-friendly, and environmentally safe practices and alternatives. This
includes efforts to reduce pollution and waste, conserve resources, and maintain an
ecological balance by:
1. Energy conservation or a shift to renewable energy
2. Using biodegradable or reusable/recyclable products or reducing waste
3. Using locally sourced materials or environmentally friendly delivery methods
Economic Benefits of Green Initiatives
Going green can significantly reduce costs and save money on energy and water
consumption. It may also result in tax breaks. Using renewable energy or recycling water
can lower utility bills, while recycling materials can lower production costs. Furthermore,
by employing greener, non-toxic practices, businesses may reduce the amount spent on
employee healthcare while also increasing employee morale. As the trend toward
environmentally conscious living grows, "green" businesses have proven to be more
profitable. This is because customers actively seek out goods and services from
companies that have clear environmental initiatives.
Health Benefits of Green Initiatives
Green initiatives can help to reduce pollution in the air, water, and soil, all of which are
important for a community's overall health. Toxins entering the body are significantly
reduced when pollutants in the environment are reduced. This can improve health and
reduce mortality. Air pollution can cause respiratory problems, polluted soil can harm
crops, and contaminated water can spread diseases. Reducing pollution through green
initiatives is thus a solution for improving the health of the general population.
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Environmental Benefits of Green Initiatives
Green initiatives benefit the environment by lowering pollution and carbon emissions that
deplete the ozone layer. Simple measures also promote the overall health of a region's
flora and fauna, resulting in a more sustainable and secure future for future generations.
Given the significance of green initiatives and the impact of the healthcare industry on
the environment, it is critical to understand how concrete improvements can be made in
this sector.
Green Urban Initiatives in Batangas
Batangas is endowed with a diverse plant and animal life, as well as natural wonders such
as mountains, oceans, falls, creeks, forests, and rivers. In addition, the province of
Batangas has a total land area of 316,581 hectares. Rich fertile land, favorable weather,
and a diverse landscape justify the vast agricultural base. Sugarcane, rice, corn,
vegetables, fruits, and root crops are among the traditional crops grown in the province.
The topography is almost entirely made up of highlands, rolling terrain, small low flat
lands, and a few mountains.
Despite the abundance of natural resources and the beauty of the environment, it faces
problems or threats that can destroy our nature, such as calamities and others. Floods,
typhoons, urban fires, oil and chemical spillage, sea tragedies, lightning, and landslides
are the most common hazards in the city. Its vulnerability to hazards can be attributed to
its topography, which includes mountainous, coastal, and island barangays. As a result,
the Batangas government took action to provide a solution to the problems that have been
and will be faced in daily life regarding the state of the environment.
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Batangas City maintains its reputation as a very livable and happy community. The
harmony between diverse economic activity and environmental protection, which has
been a thrust and continuously promoted by leaders, has always been evident in every
effort of the local government. Indeed, Batangas City's local leaders stated that the city
aims to be the first carbon-neutral city in the Philippines by 2030 and has developed a
comprehensive climate mitigation and adaptation plan, Baretto (2021), to achieve this
goal. Furthermore, incentives are offered for green initiatives. The local government of
Batangas City recognizes that their environmental sustainability objectives can only be
met through unified action among its communities. People must work together with
leaders to advance efforts to protect and conserve natural resources. As a result, there are
several incentives available to those who have green initiatives. Furthermore, according
to Alarzar et al. (2018), different environmental laws and practices have been
implemented in various areas of Batangas. These include the anti-plastic ordinance, 5S,
coastal cleanup, solid waste management, and reduce, reuse, and recycle initiatives.
These are practices that allow us to safeguard our environment.
Finally, the preservation of Batangas City's image through the preservation of natural
resources or pushing to do what needs to be done regarding the environment, such as
green initiatives programs, will continue. As a result, the region will retain its reputation
as one of the richest in terms of natural resources.
V.
Proposal of Solar-Powered Aeroponics Technology
In the ever-evolving landscape of agricultural practices, technology plays a pivotal role in
revolutionizing traditional methods and enhancing efficiency. According to Garzon
(2023), Aeroponics is a soilless agricultural technique that grows plants by misting their
roots with a nutrient-rich solution. Unlike conventional soil-based or hydroponic systems,
aeroponics relies on the suspension of plants in an air or mist environment, delivering
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essential nutrients directly to the roots. When combined with electronic systems, this
innovative approach offers precise control over environmental variables, ensuring
optimal conditions for plant development.
Lettus Grow’s lead project Engineer Temi Odanye (right) with electronics engineer Adam Manuel and a crop of
microgreens frown on the company’s rolling bench.
Retrieved from Hort News (2023), the image above shows the crop yielded through
aeroponics technology by Engineers Temi Odanye and Adam Manuel. In conventional
hydroponic or nutrient film technique (NFT) systems, plant roots are immersed in a
nutrient solution. In aeroponics, however, the roots are elevated in the air and subjected to
a fine mist. Lettuce Grow contends that this method enhances oxygenation, leading to
improved plant growth and substantial crop yield boosts ranging from 20% to 200%
compared to hydroponics.
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Figure 1. Vipul Shinde’s Visual Design of Aeroponics System
Figure 1 above shows the stock design for Aeroponics System consisting of a pump and
nozzle selection, a nutrient pump, storage of water and nutrients, a timer, and a reservoir.
While this design is considered mobile with less maintenance, this study aims to
incorporate an environmental sensor for humidity and temperature, smart light system for
accurate light distribution among crops, and solar panels for overall efficiency.
When combined with electronic systems, this innovative approach offers precise control
over environmental variables, ensuring optimal conditions for plant development. The
proposal of a solar-powered aeroponics technology leverages sensors, actuators, and
intelligent control systems to monitor and regulate factors such as temperature, humidity,
nutrient concentration, and lighting. This level of automation allows for a highly
customizable and adaptive cultivation environment, catering to the specific needs of
different plant species. The integration of electronics not only streamlines the cultivation
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process but also minimizes resource usage, making it a sustainable and eco-friendly
alternative to traditional farming methods.
Integration of Respberry Pi and humidity sensors on aeroponics system by wcammoths in Circuits
Retrieved from AutoDesk Instructables (2022), the image above shows the final output of
an aeroponics system with humidity sensors hidden beneath the reservoir. The aim of this
proposal is to continue to explore the potential of Electronics Aeroponics and extend its
impact on agriculture beyond traditional farming boundaries, ushering in a new era of
smart, efficient, and environmentally conscious cultivation methods.
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VI.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the challenges faced by Batangas City in recent years, particularly in
agriculture, have been exacerbated by natural calamities such as the Taal Volcano
eruption. The aftermath of the eruption has significantly impacted soil quality, leading to
decreased crop yields and forcing some farmers to abandon their land. Recognizing the
need for a sustainable solution, this study aims to propose the implementation of
aeroponics as an innovative approach. Unlike traditional farming methods, aeroponics
doesn't rely on compromised soil conditions, making it a viable solution for Batangas
City's agricultural woes. By adopting aeroponics, not only can the negative effects of
volcanic damage be mitigated, but it also offers a practical solution for areas with limited
space. In essence, aeroponics stands as a promising means to address the agricultural
challenges faced by Batangas City, offering a pathway towards enhanced productivity
and resilience in the face of adversity.
VII.
References
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