BOOK-1: GENERAL ASPECTS OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT
AND ENERGY AUDIT
Table of Contents
Chapter
1
ENERGY SCENARIO
1.1
Introduction
01
1.2
Primary and Secondary Energy
01
1.3
Commercial Energy and Non commercial Energy
02
1.4
Renewable and Non Renewable Energy
02
1.5
Global Primary Energy Reserves
03
1.6
Indian Energy Scenario
05
1.7
Energy Needs of Growing Economy
07
1.8
Long Term Energy Scenario for India
08
1.9
Energy Pricing in India
10
1.10
Energy Sector Reforms
11
1.11
Energy and Environment
13
1.12
Energy Security
20
1.13
Energy Conservation and its Importance
21
1.14
Energy Strategy for the Future
22
1.15
The Energy Conservation Act, 2001 and its Features
23
2
BASICS OF ENERGY AND ITS VARIOUS FORMS
2.1
Definition
36
2.2
Various Forms of Energy
36
2.3
Electrical Energy Basics
38
2.4
Thermal Energy Basics
43
2.5
Units and Conversions
50
3
ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND AUDIT
3.1
Definition & Objectives of Energy Management
54
3.2
Energy Audit: Types and Methodology
54
3.3
Energy Audit Reporting Format
63
3.4
Understanding Energy Costs
68
3.5
Benchmarking and Energy Performance
69
3.6
Matching Energy Usage to Requirement
72
3.7
Maximising System Efficiency
72
3.8
Fuel and Energy Substitution
73
3.9
Energy Audit Instruments
74
4
MATERIAL AND ENERGY BALANCE
4.1
Basic Principles
79
4.2
The Sankey Diagram and its Use
81
4.3
Material Balances
81
4.4
Energy Balances
87
4.5
Method for Preparing Process Flow Chart
91
4.6
Facility as an Energy System
92
4.7
How to Carryout Material and Energy (M & E) Balance
95
5
ENERGY ACTION PLANNING
5.1
Introduction
102
5.2
Energy Management System
102
6
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
6.1
Introduction
130
6.2
Investment Need, Appraisal and Criteria
130
6.3
Financial Analysis
131
6.4
Financial Analysis Techniques
132
6.5
Sensitivity and Risk Analysis
138
6.6
Financing Options
139
7
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
7.1
Introduction
143
7.2
Steps in Project Management
143
8.
ENERGY MONITORING AND TARGETING
8.1
Definition
159
8.2
Elements of Monitoring & Targeting System
159
8.3
A Rationale for Monitoring, Targeting and Reporting
160
8.4
Data and Information Analysis
160
8.5
Relating Energy Consumption and Production
162
8.6
CUSUM
166
8.7
Case Study
167
9.
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
9.1
Global Environmental Issues
171
9.2
Ozone Layer Depletion
171
9.3
Global Warming
174
9.4
Loss of Bio-Diversity
176
9.5
Climate Change Problem and Response
177
9.6
The Conference of the Parties (COP)
181
9.7
Prototype Carbon Fund (PCF)
185
9.8
Sustainable Development
185