Lecture test 2
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1. What is cytochrome?
This term refers to A series of iron-containing proteins
that facilitate the transport of electrons within the electron transport chain.
2. How does NAD+
Two NADH molecules provide energy to convert pyrufunction during fer- vate into lactic acid.
mentation?
3. What are the prod- 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
ucts of glycolysis?
4. What is the
two pyruvate molecules are converted to acetyl-groups
preparatory step
and CO2. the two-carbon acetyl-groups are then carried
and give products? into the citric acid cycle in the mitochondrial matrix by a
molecule called CoA
5. know the products 6 carbon dioxide and 6 water molecules, 1 glucose
of photosynthesis? molecule and 6 oxygen molecules are produced
6. What are the prod- ATP, NADH, FADH2, CO2
ucts of the citric
acid cycle?
7. Know the role of:
NADH, O2, FADH2
in electron transport system.
The role of NADH and FADH2 is to donate electrons to
the electron transport chain. They both donate electrons
by providing an hydrogen molecule to the oxygen molecule to create water during the electron transport chain.
8. What is an autotroph?
An organism that makes its own food
9. What is a heterotroph?
An organism that cannot make its own food.
10. Light is composed Wavelengths
of
Ex:
11. accessory pigments
Fall leaf color change
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12. light-dependent re- reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light
actions
to produce ATP and NADPH
13. Light Independent set of reactions in photosynthesis that do not require
Reactions (Calvin light; energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build
Cycle)
high-energy compounds such as sugar
14. What is chemiosmosis?
Where does it occur ?
Produces ATP
..
15. Calvin cycle events 1) fixation of CO2 from atmosphere to RuBP(ribulose
bis-phosphate)
2) reduction of CO2 into a carbohydrate
3) regeneration of RuBP for next cycle
16. What is the role of It is Used to make glucose
carbon dioxide in
photosynthesis?
17. Diploid
containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one
from each parent. (46)
18. Cyclin
proteins that regulate/control the cell cycle
G1, S, G2 and M phases.
19. the characteristics 1) lack of differentiation
of a cancer cell:
2) abnormal nuclei
3) no apoptosis
4) form tumors
5) show metastasis (tumors break off and moving to
other parts of the body where it may begin to grow.)
20. Haploid
sex cells (23)
21. chromosome
rod-shaped structures made of DNA and proteins
22. Chromatin
grainy material that DNA forms when it is not coiled into
chromosomes.
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23. Interphase vs. Mito- interphase- prep for cell division
sis
mitosis- the actual dividing of the cells.
(Cells spend 90% of time in interphase and the 10% in
Mitosis)
24. Prophase
Chromosomes become visable, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms.
25. Metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the middle/equator of the cell.
26. anaphase
chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite
poles by spindle fibers.
27. Telophase
daughter cells are forming as nuclear envelopes and
nucleoli appear; chromosomes will become indistinct
chromatin.
28. cleavage furrow
in a dividing animal cell, the indentation where cytoplasmic division will occur.
29. cell plate formation Process of cytoplasmic division in plant cells; after nuclear division, a cross-wall with plasma membrane on
both surfaces forms and divides the cytoplasm.
30. wavelengths of
light that are most
effective at causing
photosynthesis:
red
orange
blue
purple
31. ATP and NADPH
contribute to G3P
formation by:
ATP- energy source
NADPH- reducing agent
32. Plants must con- respiration
duct ------- in addition to photosynthesis.
33. H+ during light de- Pq pumps H+ into thylakoids and ATP is produced
pendent reaction:
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34. Functions of proto-oncogenes
proteins that promote the cell cycle and prevent apoptosis
35. tumor suppressor protein that inhibit the cell cycle and promotes apoptogenes
sis.
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