This page intentionally left blank
0i-0iv_FM_288152.indd Page Ai 9/13/08 5:46:32 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
P rinter P DF
0i_0iv_FM_288152.indd Page i 6/16/09 1:37:16 PM u-s012
/Volumes/111-1/GO00181_r1/Reading_Essentials%0/9780022881528_G1/Application_F...
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under
the United States Copyright Act, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in
any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior permission
of the publisher.
Send all inquiries to:
Macmillan/McGraw-Hill
8787 Orion Place
Columbus, OH 43240-4027
ISBN: 978-0-02-288152-8
MHID: 0-02-288152-2
Printed in the United States of America.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 021 12 11 10 09
P DF P ass
0i-0iv_FM_288152.indd Page Aii 9/13/08 5:46:44 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
CHAPTER 1
Plants Are Living Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Lesson 1
Learning About Living Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Lesson 2 Parts of Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Lesson 3 Different Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Vocabulary Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
CHAPTER 2
Plants Grow and Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Lesson 1
Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Lesson 2 How Plants Grow and Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Lesson 3 Plants Live in Many Places . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Vocabulary Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
CHAPTER 3
All About Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Lesson 1
All Kinds of Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Lesson 2 What Animals Need to Live . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Lesson 3 How Animals Eat Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Lesson 4 Animals Grow and Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Vocabulary Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
CHAPTER 4
Places to Live . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Lesson 1
Land Habitats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Lesson 2 Water Habitats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Lesson 3 Plants and Animals Live Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Vocabulary Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
ii
P rinter P DF
0i-0iv_FM_288152.indd Page Aiii 9/13/08 5:46:45 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
CHAPTER 5
Looking at Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Lesson 1
What Earth Looks Like . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Lesson 2 Rocks and Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Lesson 3 Changing the Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Vocabulary Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
CHAPTER 6
Caring for Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Lesson 1
Earth’s Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Lesson 2 Using Earth’s Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Lesson 3 Saving Earth’s Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Vocabulary Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
CHAPTER 7
Weather and Seasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Lesson 1
Weather All Around Us . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Lesson 2 The Water Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Lesson 3 Spring and Summer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Lesson 4 Fall and Winter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Vocabulary Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
CHAPTER 8
The Sky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Lesson 1
The Sky Above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Lesson 2 Earth Moves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Lesson 3 Earth’s Neighbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Vocabulary Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
iii
P rinter P DF
0i-0iv_FM_288152.indd Page Aiv 9/13/08 5:46:46 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
CHAPTER 9
Matter Everywhere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Lesson 1
Describing Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Lesson 2 Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Lesson 3 Liquids and Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Vocabulary Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
CHAPTER 10
Changes in Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Lesson 1
Matter Can Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Lesson 2 Making Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Lesson 3 Heat Can Change Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Vocabulary Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
CHAPTER 11
On the Move . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155
Lesson 1
Position and Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Lesson 2 Pushes and Pulls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Lesson 3 Simple Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Lesson 4 Magnets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Vocabulary Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
CHAPTER 12
Energy Everywhere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Lesson 1
Energy and Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Lesson 2 Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Lesson 3 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Lesson 4 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Vocabulary Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Glossary
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
iv
P rinter P DF
001_005_C01_L01_288152.indd Page 1 9/11/08 4:13:44 AM u-s087
CHAPTER
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
1
Plants Are Living Things
What do you know about plants?
Vocabulary
living a thing that needs food,
air, and water to live
nonliving a thing that does
not need food, water, and air
to live
leaves plant parts that
make food
stem part of a plant that
holds it up
roots plant parts that hold a
plant in the ground
1
Chapter 1
P rinter P DF
001_005_C01_L01_288152.indd Page 2 9/11/08 4:13:49 AM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 1
Learning About Living Things
What are living and
nonliving things?
Plants and animals are living things.
Living things need food, water, and air.
They grow and change.
Nonliving things do not need food,
water, and air.
They do not grow and change.
Living and Nonliving Things
2
Plants Are Living Things
P rinter P DF
001_005_C01_L01_288152.indd Page 3 9/11/08 4:13:56 AM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Quick Check
Circle all correct answers.
1. Which of these are living things?
tree
dog
rock
2. Which of these are nonliving things?
grass
desk
book
Read a Photo
What is a living thing you see?
3
Chapter 1 • Lesson 1
P rinter P DF
001_005_C01_L01_288152.indd Page 4 9/11/08 4:14:00 AM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Why are plants living things?
Plants grow and change.
They make new plants.
Plants need food, water, and air
to live.
rice plants
↑ Plants need water.
cactus
↑ Plants need air.
4
Plants Are Living Things
P rinter P DF
001_005_C01_L01_288152.indd Page 5 9/11/08 4:14:24 AM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Plants use water, air, and
sunlight to make food.
Plants need sunlight. →
sunflower
Quick Check
Write two things a plant needs to live.
3.
4.
-Review Summaries and quizzes online
at www.macmillanmh.com
5
Chapter 1 • Lesson 1
P rinter P DF
006_009_C01_L02_288152.indd Page 6 9/11/08 4:15:02 AM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 2
Parts of Plants
What are the parts of plants?
Plants have parts that help
them live.
Strawberry Plant
leaf
stem
Read a Diagram
roots
Which plant part is in the
ground?
See the parts of a strawberry plant at
www.macmillanmh.com
6
Plants Are Living Things
P rinter P DF
006_009_C01_L02_288152.indd Page 7 9/11/08 4:15:06 AM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Plants have leaves, stems,
and roots.
These parts can look
different.
stem
leaf
Quick Check
Write three parts of a plant.
roots
5.
6.
7.
7
Chapter 1 • Lesson 2
P rinter P DF
006_009_C01_L02_288152.indd Page 8 9/11/08 4:15:11 AM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
What do plant parts do?
Leaves make food.
They use sunlight, water, and air.
Stems hold up the plant.
They move water and food to other
plant parts.
stem
leaf
roots
8
Plants Are Living Things
P rinter P DF
006_009_C01_L02_288152.indd Page 9 9/11/08 4:15:17 AM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Roots hold the plant in the
ground.
Roots take in water.
Plant parts help a
plant live. →
Quick Check
Circle all correct answers.
8. Leaves use
ground
to make food.
sunlight
air
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
water
9
Chapter 1 • Lesson 2
P rinter P DF
010_014_C01_L03_288152.indd Page 10 9/11/08 4:16:06 AM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 3
Different Plants
How are plants different?
All plants are not the same color.
All plants are not the same size.
morning glory
gerbera daisy
lily of the valley
↑ Plants have different flowers, leaves, and stems.
10
Plants Are Living Things
P rinter P DF
010_014_C01_L03_288152.indd Page 11 9/11/08 4:16:21 AM u-s087
Some plants have thin
stems.
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Tall Trees
Trees have thick stems.
Some plants are tall.
Quick Check
9. Draw two leaves that
are different.
Read a Photo
What parts of these trees
do you see?
11
Chapter 1 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
010_014_C01_L03_288152.indd Page 12 9/11/08 4:16:30 AM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Which plant parts can
you eat?
You may eat some plant parts today.
Be careful!
Some plant parts can make
you sick.
↑ Lettuce is a leaf.
↑ A coconut is a seed.
12
Plants Are Living Things
P rinter P DF
010_014_C01_L03_288152.indd Page 13 9/11/08 4:17:28 AM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
You can eat some roots or leaves.
You can eat some seeds or fruit.
Quick Check
10. Draw a picture of a plant part you eat.
←A
carrot
is a
root.
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
13
Chapter 1 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
010_014_C01_L03_288152.indd Page 14 9/11/08 4:17:38 AM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Vocabulary
Review
leaves
roots
stem
Draw a picture of a plant.
Use the words in the box to label the parts.
Tell what you know.
14
Chapter 1 • Lessons 1–3 • Vocabulary Review
P rinter P DF
015_019_C02_L01_288152.indd Page 15 9/11/08 4:18:51 AM u-s087
CHAPTER
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
2
Plants Grow and Change
How do plants change?
Vocabulary
flower a plant part that
makes seeds
seed a plant part that grows
into a new plant
desert a dry place
rain forest a hot and
wet place
Arctic a cold and icy place
near the North Pole
15
Chapter 2
P rinter P DF
015_019_C02_L01_288152.indd Page 16 9/11/08 4:19:07 AM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 1
Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds
Why are flowers important?
Some plant parts help make
new plants.
A flower is a plant part that
makes seeds.
A seed can grow into a new plant.
flowers
peach trees
16
Plants Grow and Change
P rinter P DF
015_019_C02_L01_288152.indd Page 17 9/11/08 4:19:18 AM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Some plants have fruit.
A fruit grows around a seed.
A fruit keeps the seed safe.
fruit
seed
Quick Check
Label the flower and the fruit.
1.
2.
17
Chapter 2 • Lesson 1
P rinter P DF
015_019_C02_L01_288152.indd Page 18 9/11/08 4:19:28 AM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
What are the parts of a seed?
Seeds need water, light, and a place
to grow.
Seeds have parts.
Look Inside a Seed
This will grow to
be a plant.
This is food
for the
new plant.
The outside of the
seed keeps it safe.
Read a Diagram
Which part of a seed keeps it safe?
18
Plants Grow and Change
P rinter P DF
015_019_C02_L01_288152.indd Page 19 9/11/08 4:19:38 AM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Animals and wind can move seeds.
The seeds will grow in new places.
Animals move seeds. →
Quick Check
Circle the answer.
3. Seeds need
milk
to grow.
water
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
19
Chapter 2 • Lesson 1
P rinter P DF
020_023_C02_L02_288152.indd Page 20 9/11/08 4:20:23 AM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 2
How Plants Grow and Change
How do plants grow
from seeds?
A plant can start as a seed.
The seed gets water from the soil.
It grows into a new plant.
The new plant looks like the plant
it came from.
The new plant will make more
seeds.
Life Cycle of a Bean Plant
seed
seed with roots
sprouting seed
20
Plants Grow and Change
P rinter P DF
020_023_C02_L02_288152.indd Page 21 9/11/08 4:20:38 AM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Quick Check
Circle the answer.
4. A plant can begin as a
seed
.
fruit
5. A seed can grow into a
new seed
.
new plant
Watch the life cycle of
a bean plant at
www.macmillanmh.com
Read a Diagram
new plant
What does this plant
start as?
21
Chapter 2 • Lesson 2
P rinter P DF
020_023_C02_L02_288152.indd Page 22 9/11/08 4:21:01 AM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
How else do plants grow?
Some plants do not grow from seeds.
Some plants grow from plant parts.
Water helps some parts grow into
new plants.
stem
coleus plant
roots
↑ Roots can grow from a plant part.
22
Plants Grow and Change
P rinter P DF
020_023_C02_L02_288152.indd Page 23 9/11/08 4:21:10 AM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
new plant
↑ New potato plants can
grow from a potato.
Quick Check
6. Draw a picture to show how a stem can grow
a new plant.
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
23
Chapter 2 • Lesson 2
P rinter P DF
024_028_C02_L03_288152.indd Page 24 9/11/08 4:21:28 AM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 3
Plants Live in Many Places
Where do plants live?
Plants live in many places.
Some plants live in the desert.
A desert is a dry place.
↓ These plants have parts that hold water.
desert
24
Plants Grow and Change
P rinter P DF
024_028_C02_L03_288152.indd Page 25 9/11/08 4:21:44 AM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
A rain forest is hot and wet.
The plants can get a lot of water.
Big, pointy leaves let extra water
fall off the plants.
Rain Forest Plants
Read a Photo
How do these leaves look?
Quick Check
Fill in the blanks.
7. A desert is
.
8. A rain forest is hot and
.
25
Chapter 2 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
024_028_C02_L03_288152.indd Page 26 9/11/08 4:21:52 AM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
How can plants survive in
the cold?
The Arctic is icy and cold.
The Arctic is near the North Pole.
Arctic plants live in groups.
They keep each other safe from
the wind.
arctic plants
Arctic
26
Plants Grow and Change
P rinter P DF
024_028_C02_L03_288152.indd Page 27 9/11/08 4:22:05 AM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Arctic plants are short.
This helps them live in the cold.
Quick Check
9. Draw a picture of some arctic plants.
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
27
Chapter 2 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
024_028_C02_L03_288152.indd Page 28 9/12/08 4:31:18 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Vocabulary
Review
Draw a line from each word to
the picture that matches.
1. desert
2. rain forest
3. Arctic
Tell what you know.
28
Chapter 2 • Lessons 1–3 • Vocabulary Review
P rinter P DF
029_035_C03_L01_288152.indd Page 29 9/6/08 2:08:11 PM u-s087
CHAPTER
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
3
All About Animals
What do you know about animals?
Vocabulary
mammal an animal with hair
or fur
bird an animal that has two
legs, two wings, and feathers
reptile an animal with dry skin
and scales
amphibian an animal that
lives on land and in water
fish an animal that has gills
and fins
insect an animal with
six legs
29
Chapter 3
P rinter P DF
029_035_C03_L01_288152.indd Page 30 9/6/08 2:08:21 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 1
All Kinds of Animals
What are some types
of animals?
Mammals have hair or fur.
They can hop, walk, swim, or fly.
porcupine
giraffes
↑ Fur can keep mammals
warm and dry.
← The parent takes care
of the baby.
30
All About Animals
P rinter P DF
029_035_C03_L01_288152.indd Page 31 9/6/08 2:08:44 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Birds have feathers.
They have two legs and
two wings.
Most birds can fly.
↑ Many birds lay
eggs in a nest.
← A beak helps
a bird eat.
Quick Check
1. What kind of animal has hair or fur?
2. What kind of animal has feathers?
31
Chapter 3 • Lesson 1
P rinter P DF
029_035_C03_L01_288152.indd Page 32 9/6/08 2:08:48 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
What are reptiles and
amphibians?
Reptiles have dry skin.
Their skin has scales.
snake
Some reptiles have shells.
Most reptiles lay eggs.
Snakes
have scales. →
turtle
↑ Turtles have shells.
32
All About Animals
P rinter P DF
029_035_C03_L01_288152.indd Page 33 9/6/08 2:08:51 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Amphibians live in water
and on land.
Their skin is soft and wet.
Some hatch from eggs
in water.
Frogs have wet skin. →
frog
Quick Check
3. Draw a reptile.
33
Chapter 3 • Lesson 1
P rinter P DF
029_035_C03_L01_288152.indd Page 34 9/6/08 2:08:59 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
What are some other
types of animals?
Fish live under water.
Most fish have scales.
Gills help them breathe.
Fins help them swim.
↑ Fish swim in schools.
Parts of a Fish
fins
Read a Diagram
What helps a fish swim?
gills
34
All About Animals
Watch how fish move and breathe at
www.macmillanmh.com
P rinter P DF
029_035_C03_L01_288152.indd Page 35 9/6/08 2:09:10 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Insects are animals with
six legs.
butterfly
They have bodies divided
into three parts.
Most insects lay eggs.
ants
Quick Check
Circle the answer.
4. A fish has
6 legs
.
gills
fur
5. An insect has
6 legs
gills
.
fur
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
35
Chapter 3 • Lesson 1
P rinter P DF
036_039_C03_L02_288152.indd Page 36 9/6/08 1:52:11 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 2
What Animals Need to Live
What do animals
need to live?
bear
Animals are living things.
They need food, water,
and air.
↑ This bear eats plants.
Zebras’ Needs
Read a photo
watering hole
What are the zebras
doing in this picture?
36
All About Animals
P rinter P DF
036_039_C03_L02_288152.indd Page 37 9/6/08 1:52:28 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Animals live in different
places.
All animals need a safe
place to live.
These raccoons
live in a log. →
raccoons
Quick Check
6. Draw an animal.
Show what the animal needs to live.
37
Chapter 3 • Lesson 2
P rinter P DF
036_039_C03_L02_288152.indd Page 38 9/6/08 1:52:40 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
How do animals meet
their needs?
parrot
Animals use wings, legs, or fins
to move.
Animals use eyes or noses to
find food.
↑ Wings help this
bird fly.
mountain lion
← Legs help
this lion
run.
38
All About Animals
P rinter P DF
036_039_C03_L02_288152.indd Page 39 9/13/08 6:28:20 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Gills or lungs help animals get air.
Dolphins have lungs. →
dolphin
Quick Check
7. Circle the body parts that help animals move.
lungs
eyes
legs
noses
wings
gills
ears
fins
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
39
Chapter 3 • Lesson 2
P rinter P DF
040_043_C03_L03_288152.indd Page 40 9/6/08 1:58:48 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 3
How Animals Eat Food
What animals eat plants?
Animals need food to live.
Some animals eat only plants.
A horse eats plants. ↓
horse
40
All About Animals
P rinter P DF
040_043_C03_L03_288152.indd Page 41 9/6/08 1:58:56 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
These animals have flat teeth.
Flat teeth help them eat plants.
A rabbit eats plants. →
rabbit
Quick Check
Name an animal that eats plants.
8.
41
Chapter 3 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
040_043_C03_L03_288152.indd Page 42 9/6/08 1:59:11 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
What animals eat meat?
Teeth
Some animals eat other
animals.
These animals have sharp
teeth.
Read a Photo
↓ Tigers eat meat.
What do you see
that helps an
animal eat meat?
tiger
42
All About Animals
P rinter P DF
040_043_C03_L03_288152.indd Page 43 9/6/08 1:59:30 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Sharp teeth help
animals eat meat.
shark
Tigers and sharks
both eat meat.
Sharks have
sharp teeth. →
Quick Check
Write what these animals eat.
9.
tiger
lion
shark
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
43
Chapter 3 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
044_050_C03_L04_288152.indd Page 44 9/6/08 2:00:20 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 4
Animals Grow and Change
How do mammals grow
and change?
Animals are born and grow older.
They make other animals and
then die.
This is their life cycle.
Mammals give birth to live young.
Many baby mammals can not
see or walk when they are born.
↓ This is the life cycle of a fox.
newborn fox
baby fox
44
All About Animals
P rinter P DF
044_050_C03_L04_288152.indd Page 45 9/6/08 2:00:31 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Their mothers take care of them.
Baby mammals grow up.
They look like their parents.
Quick Check
Write the answers.
10. What will a baby fox look like
when it grows up?
11. Who takes care of a newborn fox?
young fox
adult fox
45
Chapter 3 • Lesson 4
P rinter P DF
044_050_C03_L04_288152.indd Page 46 9/6/08 2:02:29 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
How do birds grow and change?
Baby birds hatch from eggs.
They do not have feathers.
They can not fly.
Their parents take care of them.
Their feathers will grow in.
Then the birds can fly.
Life Cycle of a Bird
↓ A bird hatches from
an egg.
↓ This bird is 3 weeks old.
46
All About Animals
P rinter P DF
044_050_C03_L04_288152.indd Page 47 9/6/08 2:02:36 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Quick Check
Circle the answer.
12. Birds grow
feathers
.
fur
scales
13. Birds
as they grow.
change
stay the same
↓ This bird is 5 weeks old.
This bird is
an adult. →
Read a Diagram
What part of this bird changes?
47
Chapter 3 • Lesson 4
P rinter P DF
044_050_C03_L04_288152.indd Page 48 9/6/08 2:02:44 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
How do frogs grow and change?
Frogs lay eggs in water.
Baby frogs are called tadpoles.
They hatch from eggs.
Tadpoles have a tail and gills.
↓ This is the life cycle of a frog.
7 weeks old
2 weeks old
frog eggs
tadpole
48
All About Animals
P rinter P DF
044_050_C03_L04_288152.indd Page 49 9/12/08 5:30:45 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Older tadpoles grow legs and lungs.
They grow up to be frogs.
Frogs can live on land.
Quick Check
Put these stages of a
frog’s life cycle in order.
14. tadpole
frog
egg
adult frog
First
Next
Last
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
49
Chapter 3 • Lesson 4
P rinter P DF
044_050_C03_L04_288152.indd Page 50 9/6/08 2:03:58 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Vocabulary
Review
1. Circle the animal that has feathers and can fly.
frog
tiger
bird
2. Circle the animal that has hair or fur.
mammal
insect
fish
3. Circle the animal that has fins.
bird
fish
reptile
4. Circle the animal that has six legs.
bird
mammal
insect
Tell what you know.
50
Chapter 3 • Lessons 1–4 • Vocabulary Review
P rinter P DF
051_055_C04_L01_288152.indd Page 51 9/6/08 1:45:25 PM u-s087
CHAPTER
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
4
Places to Live
Where do animals live?
Vocabulary
habitat a place where animals
and plants live
grassland a dry place with a
lot of grass
forest a place with many trees
lake water with land around it
ocean salty water that can be
very deep
food chain the order of how
living things get food
51
Chapter 4
P rinter P DF
051_055_C04_L01_288152.indd Page 52 9/6/08 1:45:52 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 1
Land Habitats
What is a grassland habitat?
Animals live where they can find
the things they need.
The place where animals and
plants live is a habitat.
Animals have body parts that help
them stay safe in their habitats.
Long necks help giraffes
look out for danger. →
52
Places to Live
P rinter P DF
051_055_C04_L01_288152.indd Page 53 9/6/08 1:46:00 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
A grassland is a dry place.
It has lots of grass.
Many grassland animals eat grass.
Grass also helps some animals hide.
← Prairie dogs can dig
holes and hide to
stay safe.
Quick Check
1. Draw a grassland habitat and an animal that
lives there.
53
Chapter 4 • Lesson 1
P rinter P DF
051_055_C04_L01_288152.indd Page 54 9/6/08 1:46:09 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
What is a forest habitat?
A forest is a place with many trees.
Trees grow tall in a forest.
Smaller plants grow under the trees.
↑ Deer live in a forest.
↑ A tree is a good home for
a raccoon.
54
Places to Live
P rinter P DF
051_055_C04_L01_288152.indd Page 55 9/6/08 1:46:30 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Some animals get food from
the trees.
Woodpecker
Some animals make a home
in the trees.
A forest is their habitat.
Read a Photo
What could a woodpecker
find in this tree?
Quick Check
List two animals that live in a forest.
2.
3.
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
55
Chapter 4 • Lesson 1
P rinter P DF
056_059_C04_L02_288152.indd Page 56 9/12/08 4:36:13 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 2
Water Habitats
What is a lake habitat?
A lake is water with land around it.
Some plants grow in and around
the water.
Lake Habitat
Read a Photo
What living things do you see?
56
Places to Live
P rinter P DF
056_059_C04_L02_288152.indd Page 57 9/6/08 1:48:21 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Animals can find food
in and around a lake.
Their homes may be in
or near the lake.
A lake is their habitat.
↑ Beavers build dams to
make homes.
Quick Check
List two ways animals use a lake habitat.
4.
5.
57
Chapter 4 • Lesson 2
P rinter P DF
056_059_C04_L02_288152.indd Page 58 9/6/08 1:48:32 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
What is an ocean habitat?
An ocean has salty water.
tropical fish
This habitat is very big and deep.
Many plants, mammals, and fish
live in the ocean.
↑ Fish live in the ocean.
orca whale
58
This mammal lives in the ocean
and eats other animals. ↓
seaweed
Places to Live
P rinter P DF
056_059_C04_L02_288152.indd Page 59 9/6/08 1:48:56 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Some ocean animals eat fish.
Other ocean animals eat plants.
An ocean is their habitat.
sea lion
Quick Check
Fill in the chart. Write the names of what lives in
an ocean habitat.
6.
ocean
habitat
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
59
Chapter 4 • Lesson 2
P rinter P DF
060_066_C04_L03_288152.indd Page 60 9/6/08 1:49:26 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 3
Plants and Animals Live Together
Why do plants and animals
live together?
mouse
Plants help animals.
Animals need plants for food.
Animals use plants for homes.
They need plants to help them hide. ↑ Animals can use
plants for food.
Animals can use plants
to make a home. ↓
skunks
60
Places to Live
P rinter P DF
060_066_C04_L03_288152.indd Page 61 9/6/08 1:49:49 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Animals help plants too.
Bees help plants make new plants.
They carry pollen from flower to
flower.
The pollen helps make seeds.
bee
Pollen sticks to
a bee’s legs. →
Quick Check
Circle all correct answers.
7. Animals use plants for
homes
food
.
friends
hiding
8. Animals can help plants make
friends
new plants
.
seeds
61
Chapter 4 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
060_066_C04_L03_288152.indd Page 62 9/12/08 5:37:33 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
What is a food chain?
A food chain shows the order of
how living things get food.
The Sun starts every food chain.
Plants need the Sun to grow.
Plants are next in most food chains.
Animals eat plants or other animals.
Some animals eat both!
Food Chain
Sun gives plant energy.
Insect eats plant.
Frog eats insect.
62
Places to Live
P rinter P DF
060_066_C04_L03_288152.indd Page 63 9/12/08 4:37:41 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Quick Check
9. What is at the start of every food chain?
Read a Diagram
What does the owl eat?
Owl eats
frog.
63
Watch a food chain at
www.macmillanmh.com
Chapter 4 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
060_066_C04_L03_288152.indd Page 64 9/6/08 1:50:01 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
What happens to living things
when a habitat changes?
Some things can harm a habitat.
Then the habitat may change.
Living things may not get what
they need.
↑ Fire can harm a forest
habitat.
↑ This forest habitat has
changed.
64
Places to Live
P rinter P DF
060_066_C04_L03_288152.indd Page 65 9/6/08 1:50:12 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Some animals may move to
a new habitat.
Some plants or animals die.
woolly mammoth
The woolly mammoth is
not alive today. Its habitat
changed long ago. →
Quick Check
10. Draw a picture of how a habitat can change.
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
65
Chapter 4 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
060_066_C04_L03_288152.indd Page 66 9/6/08 1:50:14 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Vocabulary
Review
Write a word from the box that
matches each picture.
forest
grassland
lake
ocean
1. salty water that
can be very deep
2. a dry place with
a lot of grass
3. a place with
many trees
4. water with
land around it
Tell what you know.
66
Chapter 4 • Lessons 1–3 • Vocabulary Review
P rinter P DF
067_073_C05_L01_288152.indd Page 67 9/4/08 4:10:17 PM elhi-4
CHAPTER
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
5
Looking at Earth
What does Earth look like?
Vocabulary
river fresh water that flows
into lakes and oceans
mountain land that is
very high
valley low land between
mountains
plain flat land that is
very wide
soil the top layer of Earth
67
Chapter 5
P rinter P DF
067_073_C05_L01_288152.indd Page 68 9/4/08 4:10:26 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 1
What Earth Looks Like
What is on the surface
of Earth?
Earth is made up of land and water.
Water covers most of Earth.
Earth
Read a Photo
What is the green part
in this photo of Earth?
68
Looking at Earth
P rinter P DF
067_073_C05_L01_288152.indd Page 69 9/12/08 4:39:09 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Land is the solid part of Earth.
Water is all around the land.
water
land
Quick Check
Fill in the blank.
1. Most of Earth is covered by
.
69
Chapter 5 • Lesson 1
P rinter P DF
067_073_C05_L01_288152.indd Page 70 9/4/08 4:10:51 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
What is Earth’s water like?
Most of Earth’s water is found
in oceans.
Ocean water is salty.
Fresh water is not salty.
ocean
↑ An ocean is very large.
lake
↑ A lake is smaller
than an ocean.
70
Looking at Earth
P rinter P DF
067_073_C05_L01_288152.indd Page 71 9/4/08 4:11:17 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Streams, rivers, and lakes
can have fresh water.
Streams flow into rivers.
Rivers flow into lakes
and oceans.
river
A river can move fast. →
Quick Check
Circle all correct answers.
2. Earth’s water is found in
lakes
rocks
rivers
.
oceans
71
Chapter 5 • Lesson 1
P rinter P DF
067_073_C05_L01_288152.indd Page 72 9/4/08 4:11:29 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
What is Earth’s land like?
The land on Earth is not all
the same.
A mountain is very high land.
Low land between mountains
is a valley.
mountain
valley
72
Looking at Earth
P rinter P DF
067_073_C05_L01_288152.indd Page 73 9/12/08 4:39:24 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Some land on Earth is flat.
A plain is flat land.
A plain is very wide.
plain
Quick Check
3. Draw a picture with two kinds of land.
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
73
Chapter 5 • Lesson 1
P rinter P DF
074_077_C05_L02_288152.indd Page 74 9/4/08 4:13:26 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 2
Rocks and Soil
What are rocks?
Rocks are different shapes, sizes,
and colors.
Rocks can be smooth or rough.
Rocks can be shiny or dull.
All rocks are nonliving.
Rocks
basalt
granite
sandstone
marble
74
Looking at Earth
P rinter P DF
074_077_C05_L02_288152.indd Page 75 9/4/08 4:13:33 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Quick Check
Look at the rocks on these pages.
4. Which rock is smooth?
5. Which rock is rough?
chalk
pumice
limestone
Read a Photo
How are these rocks
different?
obsidian
75
Chapter 5 • Lesson 2
P rinter P DF
074_077_C05_L02_288152.indd Page 76 9/4/08 4:13:42 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
What is soil?
Soil is the top layer of Earth.
It has small bits of rocks.
It has bits of dead plants and animals.
Air and water are in soil too.
← Topsoil holds some
water.
← Clay soil holds a lot
of water.
← Sandy soil holds a
little water.
76
Looking at Earth
P rinter P DF
074_077_C05_L02_288152.indd Page 77 9/4/08 4:13:57 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Many soils are brown.
Some are red, gray, or
yellow.
↑ This dead tree will
be part of the soil.
Quick Check
Name two things that are in soil.
6.
7.
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
77
Chapter 5 • Lesson 2
P rinter P DF
078_082_C05_L03_288152.indd Page 78 9/4/08 4:14:51 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 3
Changing the Land
How can rocks change?
Water can change the shape of rocks.
Water gets into the cracks of a rock.
The water can turn into ice.
This makes the cracks bigger and the
rock break.
Changing Rock
Read a Photo
What is changing this
rock?
78
Looking at Earth
Watch water change rock at www.macmillanmh.com
P rinter P DF
078_082_C05_L03_288152.indd Page 79 9/4/08 4:15:03 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Plants can change rocks too.
Roots grow into a crack.
The roots get bigger and break
the rock.
Quick Check
Name two things that can change rocks.
8.
9.
↓ The roots are cracking the rock.
79
Chapter 5 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
078_082_C05_L03_288152.indd Page 80 9/4/08 4:15:16 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
How can land change?
Wind can move rocks and soil.
Water can move rocks and
soil too.
Wind and water can change
the land.
Water washes away
rocks and soil. This
makes a canyon. ↓
canyon
80
Looking at Earth
P rinter P DF
078_082_C05_L03_288152.indd Page 81 9/4/08 4:15:42 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Plants can stop soil and rocks
from moving.
Roots help keep the soil in place.
These plants keep sand from moving. ↓
sand dunes
Quick Check
Write one way soil and rocks are moved.
10.
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
81
Chapter 5 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
078_082_C05_L03_288152.indd Page 82 9/12/08 4:45:35 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Vocabulary
Review
Draw a line from each word to its meaning.
1. valley
fresh water that flows
into lakes and oceans
2. river
flat land that is very wide
3. mountain
low land between
mountains
4. plain
very high land
Tell what you know.
82
Chapter 5 • Lessons 1–3 • Vocabulary Review
P rinter P DF
083_087_C06_L01_288152.indd Page 83 9/3/08 3:18:16 PM u-s073
CHAPTER
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
6
Caring for Earth
Why do we need to care for Earth?
Vocabulary
natural resources things from
Earth that people use
pollution things that hurt the
air, land, or water
reuse to use something again
reduce to use less of
something
recycle to make a new thing
from an old thing
83
Chapter 6
P rinter P DF
083_087_C06_L01_288152.indd Page 84 9/3/08 3:18:28 PM u-s073
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 1
Earth’s Resources
What is a natural
resource?
People use things that
come from Earth.
These things are called
natural resources.
↑ People use wood from
trees.
People use rocks to
build things. →
↑ People use wool from
animals.
84
Caring for Earth
P rinter P DF
083_087_C06_L01_288152.indd Page 85 9/13/08 6:01:13 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Animals, plants, rocks, and
soil are natural resources.
Air and water are natural
resources too.
People use dyes
from plants. →
Quick Check
What are two natural resources?
1.
2.
85
Chapter 6 • Lesson 1
P rinter P DF
083_087_C06_L01_288152.indd Page 86 9/12/08 4:57:30 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Why is soil important?
Soil is a natural resource.
Plants grow in soil.
People and animals use plants
for food.
Earth’s Resources
Read a Photo
What natural resources do you see?
86
Caring for Earth
Watch how we use resources at
www.macmillanmh.com
P rinter P DF
083_087_C06_L01_288152.indd Page 87 9/3/08 3:19:22 PM u-s073
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
We use soil to make things.
Clay is a kind of soil.
People use clay to make
cups and other things.
clay cup
Quick Check
Circle the answer.
3. Soil is a natural
resource
river
4. Clay is a kind of
water
.
.
soil
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
87
Chapter 6 • Lesson 1
P rinter P DF
088_091_C06_L02_288152.indd Page 88 9/3/08 3:20:22 PM u-s073
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 2
Using Earth’s Resources
Why are water and
air important?
All living things need air and water.
Plants need water to grow.
Animals and people drink water.
We use water to wash, cook, and play.
Using Water
88
Caring for Earth
P rinter P DF
088_091_C06_L02_288152.indd Page 89 9/3/08 3:20:51 PM u-s073
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Dirty air and water hurt living things.
People need to keep air and water clean.
Quick Check
5. Draw a picture to show how people use water.
Label your picture.
Read a Photo
How do people use water?
89
Chapter 6 • Lesson 2
P rinter P DF
088_091_C06_L02_288152.indd Page 90 9/3/08 3:20:56 PM u-s073
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
What is pollution?
Pollution hurts the land, water,
and air.
Trash or dirt in the ground, water, or
air can cause pollution.
Pollution can make living things sick.
↓ Pollution can hurt animals.
90
Caring for Earth
P rinter P DF
088_091_C06_L02_288152.indd Page 91 9/3/08 3:21:01 PM u-s073
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
We can stop pollution.
We can do things to keep Earth clean.
air pollution
Quick Check
Name two things that are hurt by pollution.
6.
7.
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
91
Chapter 6 • Lesson 2
P rinter P DF
092_096_C06_L03_288152.indd Page 92 9/12/08 5:05:47 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 3
Saving Earth’s Resources
How can we reuse resources?
Natural resources can be used up.
To save resources we can reuse
things.
Reuse means to use things again.
Cans and
bottles can be
used again. ↓
92
Caring for Earth
P rinter P DF
092_096_C06_L03_288152.indd Page 93 9/3/08 3:21:46 PM u-s073
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Reuse It
Read a Photo
What was reused
to make this castle?
Quick Check
8. Why is it important to reuse things?
93
Chapter 6 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
092_096_C06_L03_288152.indd Page 94 9/3/08 3:21:54 PM u-s073
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
How can we save resources?
People can save natural resources.
We can reduce how much we use.
You can reduce what you use by
using less of it.
↑ You can turn off a light.
This saves electricity.
↑ Turn off the water when
you brush your teeth.
This saves water.
94
Caring for Earth
P rinter P DF
092_096_C06_L03_288152.indd Page 95 9/3/08 3:22:09 PM u-s073
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
People can recycle some things.
To recycle means to make new
things from old things.
We do not use resources to make
new things when we recycle.
Many towns recycle
paper, plastic, and
glass. →
Quick Check
Circle the answer.
9. When we use less of something, we
redo
reduce
.
reuse
10. When we make new things from old things,
we
.
reduce
redo
recycle
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
95
Chapter 6 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
092_096_C06_L03_288152.indd Page 96 9/3/08 3:22:20 PM u-s073
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Vocabulary
Review
Use the words to answer the questions.
natural resources
pollution
reuse
1. What is it called when you use something again?
2. What can hurt the air, water, or land?
3. What are things from Earth that we use?
Tell what you know.
96
Chapter 6 • Lessons 1–3 • Vocabulary Review
P rinter P DF
097_101_C07_L01_288152.indd Page 97 9/5/08 4:43:22 PM u-s088
CHAPTER
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
7
Weather and Seasons
What do you know about weather?
Vocabulary
temperature how cold or
warm the air is
water vapor water that goes
up into the air
spring the season after winter
summer the season after
spring
fall the season after summer
winter the season after fall
97
Chapter 7
P rinter P DF
097_101_C07_L01_288152.indd Page 98 9/5/08 4:43:33 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 1
Weather All Around Us
What is weather?
Weather is what the sky and air are
like each day.
The sky can be sunny or cloudy.
The air can be rainy, snowy, or dry.
Temperature is how warm or cold
the air is.
Moving air is called wind.
sunny
cloudy
98
Weather and Seasons
P rinter P DF
097_101_C07_L01_288152.indd Page 99 9/5/08 4:43:41 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Quick Check
1. Write words that tell about the weather.
Kinds of
Weather
rainy
snowy
99
Chapter 7 • Lesson 1
P rinter P DF
097_101_C07_L01_288152.indd Page 100 9/5/08 4:43:52 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
How can you measure
weather?
You can use tools to measure
weather.
Weather Tools
← A thermometer tells how
hot or cold the air is.
A rain gauge tells how
much rain falls. →
← A wind vane shows which
way the wind blows.
Read a Photo
Which tool tells how hot or cold it is?
100
Weather and Seasons
P rinter P DF
097_101_C07_L01_288152.indd Page 101 9/5/08 4:44:19 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
rain gauge
Quick Check
Write the name of the tool next to what
it measures.
2. wind
3. rain
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
101
Chapter 7 • Lesson 1
P rinter P DF
102_105_C07_L02_288152.indd Page 102 9/5/08 4:45:11 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 2
The Water Cycle
What makes it rain or snow?
The Sun warms Earth’s water.
Some water turns into water vapor.
Water vapor is water that goes up
into the air.
The Water Cycle
Sun
clouds
rain
water vapor
Read a Diagram
What warms Earth’s water?
102
Weather and Seasons
Watch the water cycle at
www.macmillanmh.com
P rinter P DF
102_105_C07_L02_288152.indd Page 103 9/5/08 4:45:14 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Water vapor cools in the sky.
It turns into drops of water or ice.
Clouds are made of both.
The drops can get bigger and colder.
Then they can fall back to Earth as
rain or snow.
Sleet is frozen
rain. →
← Rain is drops
of water.
Quick Check
Circle all correct answers.
4. What are clouds made of?
water
the Sun
ice
103
Chapter 7 • Lesson 2
P rinter P DF
102_105_C07_L02_288152.indd Page 104 9/5/08 4:45:23 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
What are some different kinds
of clouds?
Clouds do not look the same.
Some clouds are big and fluffy.
Some clouds are very thin.
↑ These clouds are made of water drops.
↑ These clouds are made of bits of ice.
104
Weather and Seasons
P rinter P DF
102_105_C07_L02_288152.indd Page 105 9/5/08 4:45:31 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
↑ These thunder clouds bring rain and storms.
Quick Check
Draw two kinds of clouds.
5.
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
105
Chapter 7 • Lesson 2
P rinter P DF
106_109_C07_L03_288152.indd Page 106 9/5/08 4:46:08 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 3
Spring and Summer
What happens in spring?
A season is a time of year.
There are four seasons.
The weather can change
each season.
Sunlight in Spring
Date
Sunrise
Sunset
Hours of Sunlight
March 21
6:10 A.M.
6:21 P.M.
12 hours, 11 minutes
Read a Chart
What time does the Sun
set on March 21?
106
Weather and Seasons
P rinter P DF
106_109_C07_L03_288152.indd Page 107 9/5/08 4:46:31 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
In spring the Sun shines a long time.
It can rain a lot in spring.
Spring weather is often the same
each year.
Quick Check
6. What happens in spring?
↓ In spring plants grow and many animals are born.
107
Chapter 7 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
106_109_C07_L03_288152.indd Page 108 9/5/08 4:46:37 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
What happens in summer?
Summer is the season after spring.
The weather can be warm and dry.
Lots of sunlight helps plants grow.
Sunlight in Summer
Date
Sunrise
Sunset
Hours of Sunlight
June 21
5:43 A.M.
8:37 P.M.
14 hours, 54 minutes
108
Weather and Seasons
P rinter P DF
106_109_C07_L03_288152.indd Page 109 9/5/08 4:46:48 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Many plants grow fruit.
Animals grow bigger and stronger.
↑ In summer there are many plants to eat.
Quick Check
Circle the answer.
7. Summer is the season after
fall
winter
spring
8. The weather in summer can be
cold and wet
.
.
warm and dry
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
109
Chapter 7 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
110_114_C07_L04_288152.indd Page 110 9/5/08 4:58:39 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 4
Fall and Winter
What happens in fall?
Fall is the season after summer.
There are less hours of sunlight.
The air gets cooler.
Some leaves change color and drop.
Sunlight in Fall
Date
Sunrise
Sunset
Hours of Sunlight
September 21
6:55 A.M.
7:07 P.M.
12 hours, 12 minutes
110
Weather and Seasons
P rinter P DF
110_114_C07_L04_288152.indd Page 111 9/5/08 4:58:43 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
In fall animals get ready for winter.
Some grow thick fur.
Some move to warmer places.
chipmunk
↑ Some animals store food.
geese
↑ Some birds fly south.
Quick Check
Name two things that animals do in the fall.
9.
10.
111
Chapter 7 • Lesson 4
P rinter P DF
110_114_C07_L04_288152.indd Page 112 9/5/08 4:58:47 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
What happens in winter?
Winter is the season after fall.
Winter is the coldest season.
There are fewer hours of sunlight.
Seasons
winter
spring
fall
summer
Read a Diagram
When does the tree have no leaves?
112
Weather and Seasons
P rinter P DF
110_114_C07_L04_288152.indd Page 113 9/5/08 4:59:02 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Some plants die in winter.
There is not a lot of food
for animals.
Some animals sleep until
spring.
dormouse
↑ Some animals sleep
all winter.
Sunlight in Winter
Date
Sunrise
Sunset
Hours of Sunlight
December 21
7:23 A.M.
4:49 P.M.
9 hours, 26 minutes
Quick Check
Circle the answer.
11. The coldest season is
summer
winter
.
fall
12. Some animals
eat
all winter.
sleep
run
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
113
Chapter 7 • Lesson 4
P rinter P DF
110_114_C07_L04_288152.indd Page 114 9/5/08 4:59:21 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Vocabulary
Review
Use each word once to complete the sentences.
fall
season
1. The
temperature
winter
is how warm or cold the air is.
2. The coldest season is
.
3. Some leaves change colors in
.
4. A
is a time of year.
Tell what you know.
114
Chapter 7 • Lessons 1–4 • Vocabulary Review
P rinter P DF
115_119_C08_L01_288152.indd Page 115 9/6/08 2:28:05 PM u-s087
CHAPTER
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
8
The Sky
What can you see in the sky?
Vocabulary
star an object in the sky that
makes its own light
Sun the star closest
to Earth
Moon a ball of rock that
moves around Earth
planet a large object that
moves around the Sun
115
Chapter 8
P rinter P DF
115_119_C08_L01_288152.indd Page 116 9/6/08 2:28:09 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 1
The Sky Above
What is in the sky?
At night you can see lights in the sky.
Stars are the little spots of light.
They are very far away.
They make their own light.
116
The Sky
P rinter P DF
116_121_C08_L03_288153.indd Page 116 9/6/08 4:36:41 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288153_G2/Application_Files_288153/...
Lesson 3
The Moon and Stars
Why can we see the Moon
from Earth?
The Moon is made of rock. It does not shine
like the Sun. We see the Moon because the
Sun’s light shines on it.
We see the Moon best at night. During the
day the Sun is too bright.
Read a Diagram
What shines light on the Moon?
How the Moon Moves
_____________________________
Sun
Moon
The Sun’s light
shines on the Moon.
116
Earth and Space
P rinter P DF
115_119_C08_L01_288152.indd Page 117 9/12/08 5:01:52 PM u-s073
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
The Sun is a star.
It is the star closest to Earth.
The Sun lights Earth during the day.
Quick Check
1. Why do stars look so small?
There are many stars! →
117
Chapter 8 • Lesson 1
P rinter P DF
116_121_C08_L03_288153.indd Page 117 9/6/08 4:36:49 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288153_G2/Application_Files_288153/...
The Moon moves in an orbit around Earth.
It takes about one month for the Moon to
make one orbit. The Moon repeats this path
again and again.
Quick Check
8. Why do we see the Moon in the sky?
9. Why do we see the Moon best at night?
Earth
117
Chapter 8 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
115_119_C08_L01_288152.indd Page 118 9/6/08 2:28:41 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Why is the Sun important?
The Sun makes heat and light.
It warms the air, land, and water.
Sun’s Warmth
Read a Photo
Who looks warmer?
118
The Sky
P rinter P DF
116_121_C08_L03_288153.indd Page 118 9/6/08 4:36:51 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288153_G2/Application_Files_288153/...
Why does the Moon seem to
change shape?
Over time the Moon seems to change
shape. One night it looks round. A few
nights later it is thin.
The Moon’s shape does not change.
The amount of light shining on the
Moon changes.
Each moon shape we see is called a
phase. The phases of the Moon repeat in
the same order each month.
Moon Phases
new moon
1 We can not see the Sun’s light
shining on the Moon.
118
first quarter moon
After a week the Moon is
one quarter of the way
through its orbit.
Earth and Space
P rinter P DF
115_119_C08_L01_288152.indd Page 119 9/12/08 5:02:42 PM u-s073
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Earth would be dark
without the Sun.
It would be too cold
for us to live.
The Sun helps living
things stay alive. →
Quick Check
Circle all correct answers.
2. The Sun makes
heat
water
and
.
light
-Review Summaries and quizzes
online at
www.macmillanmh.com
119
Chapter 8 • Lesson 1
P rinter P DF
116_121_C08_L03_288153.indd Page 119 9/6/08 4:36:57 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288153_G2/Application_Files_288153/...
Quick Check
10. Draw what the Moon looks like about one week after
a new moon.
full moon
! The next week the Moon has
moved. We can see all of the
Moon’s lit side.
last quarter moon
" The Moon is three quarters of
the way through its orbit by
the third week.
119
Chapter 8 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
120_123_C08_L02_288152.indd Page 120 9/6/08 2:30:07 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 2
Earth Moves
What causes day and night?
The Sun looks like it moves in the sky.
It does not move.
Earth moves and spins.
When Earth spins, it makes day
and night.
↑ The Sun looks high in the
sky. Shadows are short.
↑ The Sun looks low in the
sky. Shadows are long.
120
The Sky
P rinter P DF
116_121_C08_L03_288153.indd Page 120 9/6/08 4:36:59 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288153_G2/Application_Files_288153/...
What are stars?
A star is an object in space made of hot
gases. The gases give off heat and light.
Some stars are bright. Stars can be
different colors. Together some stars make
patterns in the sky.
These lines show a pattern of
stars called Orion the Hunter. ↓
120
Earth and Space
P rinter P DF
120_123_C08_L02_288152.indd Page 121 6/16/09 6:05:38 PM u-s009
/Volumes/111/GO00181_r1/Reading_Essentials%0/9780022881528_G1/Application_Fil...
The sky is light on the part of Earth
facing the Sun.
It is day.
Then Earth turns away from the Sun.
The sky is now dark and it is night.
You are here.
Sun
You are here.
Sun
Quick Check
Complete the sentence.
3. When Earth spins it makes
.
121
Chapter 8 • Lesson 2
P DF P ass
116_121_C08_L03_288153.indd Page 121 9/6/08 4:37:06 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288153_G2/Application_Files_288153/...
From Earth, stars look like tiny
points of light. They are very, very far
away. There is one star close to Earth.
It is the Sun. It looks large because it
is close to Earth.
The Sun lights up the
sky during the day. We
can not see other stars
until night. →
Quick Check
Circle the answer.
11. The
Sun
is a star that is close to Earth.
Moon
Orion
12. Stars look tiny because they are
shining
far away
.
near
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
121
Chapter 8 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
120_123_C08_L02_288152.indd Page 122 9/6/08 2:30:27 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
What causes a year?
Earth spins each day.
It also moves around the Sun.
Earth takes one year to move all the
way around the Sun.
One Full Year
Read a Diagram
What does Earth move around?
122
The Sky
Watch Earth move at
www.macmillanmh.com
P rinter P DF
120_123_C08_L02_288152.indd Page 123 9/6/08 2:30:32 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Part of Earth leans toward the Sun.
The other part leans away.
This makes the four seasons.
winter
spring
summer
fall
Quick Check
4. How long does it take Earth to move
around the Sun?
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
123
Chapter 8 • Lesson 2
P rinter P DF
124_128_C08_L03_288152.indd Page 124 9/6/08 2:31:19 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 3
Earth’s Neighbors
How does the Moon look?
We see the Moon in the night sky.
The Moon is a ball of rock.
It moves around Earth.
It does not make its own light.
The Sun’s light shines on it.
the Moon
124
The Sky
P rinter P DF
124_128_C08_L03_288152.indd Page 125 6/16/09 1:39:13 PM u-s012
/Volumes/111-1/GO00181_r1/Reading_Essentials%0/9780022881528_G1/Application_F...
The lit part of the Moon changes.
Moon Phases
last quarter
full
new
Read a Diagram
first quarter
When does the Moon
look small?
Quick Check
5. What makes the Moon’s light?
125
Chapter 8 • Lesson 3
P DF P ass
124_128_C08_L03_288152.indd Page 126 6/16/09 1:40:03 PM u-s012
/Volumes/111-1/GO00181_r1/Reading_Essentials%0/9780022881528_G1/Application_F...
What are planets?
A planet is a large object in the sky.
Planets move around the Sun.
Earth is a planet.
All planets are not the same.
↓ Eight planets move around
the Sun.
Sun
126
The Sky
P DF P ass
124_128_C08_L03_288152.indd Page 127 6/16/09 1:40:08 PM u-s012
/Volumes/111-1/GO00181_r1/Reading_Essentials%0/9780022881528_G1/Application_F...
The planets close to the Sun
are warm.
The planets far from the Sun
are cold.
Quick Check
Write each answer.
6. Which planet is closest to the Sun?
7. Is Venus colder or warmer than Earth?
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
127
Chapter 8 • Lesson 3
P DF P ass
124_128_C08_L03_288152.indd Page 128 9/6/08 2:32:12 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Vocabulary
Review
Find the word in the box that
matches the clue.
Write the word in the puzzle.
Moon
planet
Sun
Across
stars
1.
2. a large object that moves
around the Sun
3.
2.
4. the star closest to Earth
Down
1. a ball of rock that moves
around Earth
4.
3. they make their own light
Tell what you know.
128
Chapter 8 • Lessons 1–3 • Vocabulary Review
P rinter P DF
129_133_C09_L01_288152.indd Page 129 9/6/08 2:32:32 PM u-s087
CHAPTER
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
9
Matter Everywhere
What are things made of?
Vocabulary
matter what all things are
made of
mass how much matter is in
something
balance a tool used to
measure mass
solid a kind of matter that has
a shape of its own
liquid a kind of matter that
flows and takes the shape of
its container
gas a kind of matter that does
not have its own shape
129
Chapter 9
P rinter P DF
129_133_C09_L01_288152.indd Page 130 9/6/08 2:32:37 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 1
Describing Matter
What is matter?
All things are made of matter.
We can describe how
matter looks.
We can talk about color, shape,
and size.
We can tell how matter smells,
tastes, sounds, and feels.
↑ This toy bear is brown
and soft.
↑ The kite has points and
four colors.
130
Matter Everywhere
P rinter P DF
129_133_C09_L01_288152.indd Page 131 9/6/08 2:32:56 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
There are three kinds of matter.
Matter can be a liquid, a solid,
or a gas.
Quick Check
What are two colors on the kite?
1.
2.
↓ The water, the raft, the girl, and the air are matter.
131
Chapter 9 • Lesson 1
P rinter P DF
129_133_C09_L01_288152.indd Page 132 9/6/08 2:33:03 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
What is mass?
Mass is how much matter
something has.
Heavy things have more mass.
Light things have less mass.
A balance is a tool that
measures mass.
↓ The metal bird has more
mass. The sponge bird has
less mass.
balance
132
Matter Everywhere
P rinter P DF
129_133_C09_L01_288152.indd Page 133 9/6/08 2:33:10 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Comparing Mass
Read a Photo
Which toy truck has more mass?
How could you find out?
Quick Check
Circle the answer.
3. Heavy things have
balance
more
4. Lighter things have
balance
more
mass.
less
mass.
less
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
133
Chapter 9 • Lesson 1
P rinter P DF
134_137_C09_L02_288152.indd Page 134 9/6/08 2:34:20 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 2
Solids
What is a solid?
A solid is a kind of matter.
A solid has a shape of its own.
Building Blocks
Read a Photo
What are solids in
this photo?
134
Matter Everywhere
P rinter P DF
134_137_C09_L02_288152.indd Page 135 9/6/08 2:34:35 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
The amount of matter in a solid
stays the same.
Look at the puzzle pieces and
the finished puzzle. They have
the same amount of matter. ↓
Quick Check
List two things that are solids.
5.
6.
135
Chapter 9 • Lesson 2
P rinter P DF
134_137_C09_L02_288152.indd Page 136 9/6/08 2:34:50 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
What are some properties
of solids?
Solids can be big or small.
Solids can be different shapes
and colors.
Some solids can bend or fold.
↓ You can fold some solids.
136
Matter Everywhere
P rinter P DF
134_137_C09_L02_288152.indd Page 137 9/6/08 2:34:55 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Solids can feel hard or soft.
Solids can feel rough
or smooth.
↑ Scissors are hard
and smooth.
↑ Feathers are soft.
Quick Check
7. Draw a solid.
8. Describe the solid you drew.
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
137
Chapter 9 • Lesson 2
P rinter P DF
138_142_C09_L03_288152.indd Page 138 9/6/08 2:36:05 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 3
Liquids and Gases
What are some properties
of liquids?
A liquid is a kind of matter.
A liquid does not have its own shape.
It takes the shape of what it is in.
honey
ketchup
milk
oil
← Some liquids
flow slowly.
← Some liquids
flow quickly.
138
Matter Everywhere
P rinter P DF
138_142_C09_L03_288152.indd Page 139 9/6/08 2:36:17 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
A liquid’s shape can change.
You can put a liquid in a big cup.
Then put the liquid in a small cup.
The amount of liquid stays the same.
Quick Check
9. How are liquids and solids the same?
Write a fact that is true about both.
solid
has its own
shape
both
liquid
does not
have its own
shape
139
Chapter 9 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
138_142_C09_L03_288152.indd Page 140 9/6/08 2:36:20 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
What are some properties
of gases?
A gas is a kind of matter.
A gas does not have its own shape.
A gas spreads out to fill the space
it is in.
Gas Changes Shape
Read a Diagram
Did the gas stay in the balloon?
140
Matter Everywhere
Watch gas changing shape at
www.macmillanmh.com
P rinter P DF
138_142_C09_L03_288152.indd Page 141 9/12/08 5:00:22 PM u-s073
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
The air is made of many gases.
You can not see these gases.
You can feel air when it moves.
It can feel hot or cold.
Air helps the ribbon
stay up. →
Quick Check
Circle the correct answer.
10. A gas
does
11. Gases
will
have its own shape.
does not
fill up the space they are in.
will not
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
141
Chapter 9 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
138_142_C09_L03_288152.indd Page 142 9/6/08 2:36:25 PM u-s087
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Vocabulary
Review
Circle the correct answer.
1. Things are made of
mass
matter
.
balance
tells how much matter is in it.
2. Something’s
mass
matter
balance
3. A
gas
has its own shape.
solid
liquid
4. The air is made of many
gases
solids
5. Some
gases
.
liquids
flow quickly.
solids
liquids
Tell what you know.
142
Chapter 9 • Lessons 1–3 • Vocabulary Review
P rinter P DF
143_145_C10_L01_288152.indd Page 143 9/9/08 3:55:21 PM u-s088
CHAPTER
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
10
Changes in Matter
How can matter change?
Vocabulary
mixture different things put
together
dissolve to mix well into
a liquid
freeze to change from
a liquid to a solid
melt to change from a solid
to a liquid
143
Chapter 10
P rinter P DF
143_145_C10_L01_288152.indd Page 144 9/9/08 3:55:26 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 1
Matter Can Change
How can matter change?
You can bend, fold, or tear some
solids.
The solid does not look the same.
It is still made of the same thing.
Shaping Clay
Read a Photo
What kind of matter is clay?
144
Changes in Matter
P rinter P DF
143_145_C10_L01_288152.indd Page 145 9/17/08 2:37:29 AM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Sometimes matter changes.
It can change into something new.
Heat and air can change matter.
↑ This paper has been
cut. It is still paper.
↑ Heat changed the
paper. Now it is ash.
Quick Check
Circle all correct answers.
1. Paper does not change when it is
cut
burned
.
folded
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
145
Chapter 10 • Lesson 1
P rinter P DF
146_149_C10_L02_288152.indd Page 146 9/9/08 3:56:08 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 2
Making Mixtures
What is a mixture?
A mixture is different things
put together.
We can mix some solids.
They may not change.
We can see the solids in the mixture.
We can take the mixture apart.
balls
marbles
↑ You can take apart this mixture.
146
Changes in Matter
P rinter P DF
146_149_C10_L02_288152.indd Page 147 9/15/08 2:50:04 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
You can mix solids with water.
Some solids float in water.
Some solids sink in water.
Quick Check
2. What is a mixture of something you like to eat?
Sink and Float
Read a Photo
What do the red balls do
in water?
147
Chapter 10 • Lesson 2
P rinter P DF
146_149_C10_L02_288152.indd Page 148 9/9/08 3:56:49 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
What are some other mixtures?
Some mixtures are hard to take apart.
The parts may dissolve or mix totally.
Solids may dissolve in a liquid.
Some liquids dissolve in a liquid too.
The different parts are hard to see.
↓ This liquid dissolves
in water.
↓ This solid dissolves
in water.
drink mix
water
food
coloring
water
148
Changes in Matter
P rinter P DF
146_149_C10_L02_288152.indd Page 149 9/9/08 3:57:19 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Some liquids do not mix.
They stay apart.
oil
water
These two liquids
do not mix. →
Quick Check
Circle the answer.
3. Drink mix can
grow
in water.
dissolve
break
4. Water and
food coloring
do not mix.
oil
drink mix
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
149
Chapter 10 • Lesson 2
P rinter P DF
150_154_C10_L03_288152.indd Page 150 9/9/08 3:58:15 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 3
Heat Can Change Matter
How can solids and liquids
change?
A liquid can change.
It can change into a solid or freeze.
A liquid can freeze if it gets very cold.
Water will freeze into ice.
Forms of Water
water
ice
150
Changes in Matter
P rinter P DF
150_154_C10_L03_288152.indd Page 151 9/9/08 3:58:24 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
A solid can change.
It can change into a liquid or melt.
A solid will melt when it is heated.
Ice will melt when it gets warm.
Quick Check
Fill in the blanks.
5. When a liquid
, it becomes a solid.
6. When a solid
, it becomes a liquid.
water
Read a Photo
What did the liquid
change into?
151
Watch water change states at
www.macmillanmh.com
Chapter 10 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
150_154_C10_L03_288152.indd Page 152 9/9/08 3:58:27 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
How can liquids and
gases change?
Heat changes water.
Heat makes water change into a gas.
This gas is water vapor.
Water vapor goes up into the air.
↑ This pond was full of water.
↑ Some water changed into
gas. The pond has less water.
152
Changes in Matter
P rinter P DF
150_154_C10_L03_288152.indd Page 153 9/9/08 4:01:33 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Water vapor cools.
The gas changes into a
liquid.
It changes back into water.
Water vapor cools into
drops on this pitcher. →
Quick Check
Fill in the blanks.
7. Heat can change a liquid into a
.
8. Water vapor cools and becomes
.
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
153
Chapter 10 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
150_154_C10_L03_288152.indd Page 154 9/9/08 4:01:44 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Vocabulary
Review
Use the clues below to help you
find the words in the puzzle.
1. different things put together
2. to mix well into a liquid
3. to change from a liquid to a solid
4. to change from a solid to a liquid
a
d
e
a
v
f
z
m
i
x
t
u
r
e
l
s
t
n
k
e
g
o
s
o
q
w
e
s
t
o
c
n
n
z
u
s
l
w
s
p
e
g
i
v
h
b
b
c
j
m
e
l
t
o
t
n
Tell what you know.
154
Chapter 10 • Lessons 1–3 • Vocabulary Review
P rinter P DF
155_159_C11_L01_288152.indd Page 155
9/11/08
CHAPTER
7:03:12 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
11
On the Move
How can you make things move?
Vocabulary
motion a change in an
object’s position
push a force that moves
something away from you
pull a force that moves
something closer to you
simple machine a tool that
can make it easier to move
things
magnet a thing that can pull
objects with iron in them
155
Chapter 11
P rinter P DF
155_159_C11_L01_288152.indd Page 156
9/11/08
7:03:17 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
Lesson 1
Position and Motion
How can you tell where
something is?
A position is the place where
something is found.
It can tell you if an object
is over or under.
Find Things at a Fair
156
On the Move
P rinter P DF
155_159_C11_L01_288152.indd Page 157 6/16/09 5:58:45 PM u-s009
/Volumes/111/GO00181_r1/Reading_Essentials%0/9780022881528_G1/Application_Fil...
Position can tell you if an object is
close or far.
It can tell you if an object is to
the right or left.
Quick Check
1.
Circle all words that tell about an
object’s position.
over
thing
under
left
near
Read a Photo
Describe the position of
something at the fair.
157
Chapter 11 • Lesson 1
P DF P ass
155_159_C11_L01_288152.indd Page 158
9/11/08
7:03:23 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
How do things move?
Things that move are in motion.
Motion is a change in an object’s
position.
All things do not move the same.
Some things move forward
or backward.
↑ This car moves in
a curvy line.
↑ This plane moves in
a straight line.
158
On the Move
P rinter P DF
155_159_C11_L01_288152.indd Page 159
9/11/08
7:03:26 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
Some things move side
to side.
Objects can move fast
or slow.
This rocket ship
moves very fast. →
Quick Check
Fill in the blanks.
2. Things that move are in
3. Things can move
-Review Summaries and quizzes online
at
www.macmillanmh.com
.
or slow.
159
Chapter 11 • Lesson 1
P rinter P DF
160_163_C11_L02_288152.indd Page 160 9/15/08 2:59:49 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Lesson 2
Pushes and Pulls
What makes things move?
A force is a push or a pull that
moves something.
A push moves something away
from you.
A pull moves something toward you.
← The girl pushes the
ball to the basket.
↑ The boy pulls the bag.
160
On the Move
P rinter P DF
160_163_C11_L02_288152.indd Page 161
9/11/08
6:55:22 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
Gravity is the force that
pulls things toward Earth.
Jumping Rope
When you jump up, gravity
pulls you back down.
If you let go of something,
it falls down.
Read a Photo
What will pull the girl back down?
Quick Check
Circle the answer.
4. A push moves something
toward you
.
away from you
5. A pull moves something
toward you
.
away from you
161
Watch how gravity works at
www.macmillanmh.com
Chapter 11 • Lesson 2
P rinter P DF
160_163_C11_L02_288152.indd Page 162
9/11/08
6:55:33 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
How are forces different?
A small push can move a small object.
A big push can move a big object.
A big push can move an
object faster.
It can also move it farther.
↑ A big force pushes the
ball far away.
↑ A small force pushes the
ball a short way.
162
On the Move
P rinter P DF
160_163_C11_L02_288152.indd Page 163
9/11/08
6:55:44 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
Friction is two things rubbing
together.
This force slows things down.
rubber stopper
← Friction makes
you stop.
Quick Check
Fill in the blanks.
6. A
object faster.
force can move an
7. A
force moves an
object a short way.
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
163
Chapter 11 • Lesson 2
P rinter P DF
164_167_C11_L03_288152.indd Page 164
9/11/08
7:04:33 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
Lesson 3
Simple Machines
What are simple machines?
A simple machine is a tool.
They make it easier to move things.
Simple machines help people
do work.
Using Simple Machines
Read a Photo
What simple machines are
these children using?
164
On the Move
P rinter P DF
164_167_C11_L03_288152.indd Page 165
9/11/08
7:04:41 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
One kind of simple machine is
a pulley.
It has a rope that moves over
a wheel.
It helps lift heavy things.
pulley
↑ This pulley is a
simple machine.
Quick Check
Name two ways simple machines help us.
8. They help us
.
9. They help us
.
165
Chapter 11 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
164_167_C11_L03_288152.indd Page 166 9/15/08 3:08:27 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
What are levers and ramps?
A lever is a simple machine.
It has a bar that moves
on a point.
It moves like a seesaw.
A lever makes it easier to move
something.
↑ This lever can move
or lift something.
↓ An oar is a lever. It helps to move the boat.
lever
166
On the Move
P rinter P DF
164_167_C11_L03_288152.indd Page 167
9/11/08
7:04:58 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
A ramp is also a simple
machine.
One side is lower than
the other.
It helps us move things
up and down.
ramp
↑ A ramp can take the place of
steps.
Quick Check
10. Draw a picture of a simple machine.
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
167
Chapter 11 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
168_172_C11_L04_288152.indd Page 168
9/11/08
7:07:32 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
Lesson 4
Magnets
Magnet Chart
What is a magnet?
A magnet pulls things.
A magnet will pull things
that have iron in them.
Iron is a kind of metal.
Read a Chart
magnet
What is one object the
magnet attracted?
← Magnets pull things
with iron in them.
168
On the Move
P rinter P DF
168_172_C11_L04_288152.indd Page 169 6/16/09 1:42:13 PM u-s012
/Volumes/111-1/GO00181_r1/Reading_Essentials%0/9780022881528_G1/Application_F...
Magnets do not pull some metals.
Magnets do not pull cloth, feathers,
or crayons.
Quick Check
Look at the picture below. Fill in the blanks.
11. Magnets pull things with
in them.
12. Magnets do not pull
.
Magnets do not pull paper,
glass, rubber, or wood. ↓
169
Chapter 11 • Lesson 4
P DF P ass
168_172_C11_L04_288152.indd Page 170
9/11/08
7:07:51 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
What are a magnet’s poles?
Magnets have two ends where
the pull is strongest.
One end is called north.
The other end is called south.
↑ The ends of a magnet
are called poles.
Ends that are not the
same pull toward each
other. →
170
On the Move
P rinter P DF
168_172_C11_L04_288152.indd Page 171
9/11/08
7:07:58 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
A north pole and a south pole
pull toward each other.
Two north poles or two south
poles will push away from each
other.
These magnets are round.
North poles are red.
South poles are blue. →
Quick Check
Circle all correct answers.
13. Which ends pull toward each other?
N and N
N and S
S and S
14. Which ends push away from each other?
N and N
N and S
S and S
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
171
Chapter 11 • Lesson 4
P rinter P DF
168_172_C11_L04_288152.indd Page 172 6/16/09 1:42:20 PM u-s012
/Volumes/111-1/GO00181_r1/Reading_Essentials%0/9780022881528_G1/Application_F...
Vocabulary
Review
Use the words below to answer the questions.
force
magnet
pull
1. What force moves something closer to you?
2. What object pulls things with iron in them?
3. What do we call a push or pull that moves something?
Tell what you know.
172
Chapter 11 • Lessons 1–4 • Vocabulary Review
P DF P ass
173-177_C12_L01_288152.indd Page 173
9/11/08
CHAPTER
7:21:16 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
12
Energy Everywhere
What is energy?
Vocabulary
energy a force that makes
things work or change
heat a form of energy that
makes things warm
vibrate to move back
and forth
light a form of energy that
lets you see
electricity a form of energy
that gives some things power
to work
173
Chapter 12
P rinter P DF
173-177_C12_L01_288152.indd Page 174
9/11/08
7:21:30 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
Lesson 1
Energy and Heat
What is energy?
Energy makes things work.
Energy makes things change.
We use energy every day.
↑ Windmills use wind to get
energy.
↑ Lights use energy from
electricity.
174
Energy Everywhere
P rinter P DF
173-177_C12_L01_288152.indd Page 175
9/11/08
7:21:38 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
There are different kinds
of energy.
Heat, light, and sound
are kinds of energy.
Electricity is a kind of
energy too.
↑ Cars use energy from
gasoline.
Quick Check
List two kinds of energy.
1.
2.
175
Chapter 12 • Lesson 1
P rinter P DF
173-177_C12_L01_288152.indd Page 176
9/11/08
7:21:42 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
What is heat?
Heat is energy that
makes things warm.
We can get heat from
burning things.
We can burn wood, oil,
or gas for heat.
↑ The Sun’s energy warms Earth.
Heat Energy
Read a Photo
Where is the heat coming from?
176
Energy Everywhere
Watch what heat can do at
www.macmillanmh.com
P rinter P DF
173-177_C12_L01_288152.indd Page 177
9/11/08
7:21:59 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
Heat energy makes
houses warm.
Heat energy cooks food.
↑ Rubbing your hands
together makes heat.
↑ Heat energy makes
popcorn pop.
Quick Check
Circle all correct answers.
3. Heat energy
cools
things.
warms
pulls
4. Heat energy comes from
a push
a fire
.
the Sun
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
177
Chapter 12 • Lesson 1
P rinter P DF
178-181_C12_L02_288152.indd Page 178
9/11/08
7:25:50 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
Lesson 2
Sound
How can you make sound?
Sound is a kind of energy.
It is made when something vibrates.
Vibrate means to move back
and forth.
Sounds can tell us things.
They can help us wake up.
Sounds help us stay safe.
↓ The cymbals vibrate.
This makes a sound.
178
Energy Everywhere
P rinter P DF
178-181_C12_L02_288152.indd Page 179
9/11/08
7:25:58 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
City Sounds
Read a Photo
What sounds do you hear in the city?
Quick Check
5. What are some sounds you hear every day?
Draw a picture. Label the sounds you hear.
179
Chapter 12 • Lesson 2
P rinter P DF
178-181_C12_L02_288152.indd Page 180
9/11/08
7:26:01 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
How are sounds
different?
Sounds can be loud.
Big vibrations make
loud sounds.
Sounds can be soft.
Little vibrations make
soft sounds.
A coyote’s howl
can be loud. →
↑ A broom makes a soft sound.
180
↑ A fire engine makes a loud
sound.
Energy Everywhere
P rinter P DF
178-181_C12_L02_288152.indd Page 181
9/11/08
7:26:06 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
A sound can be high or low.
Fast vibrations make a high sound.
Slow vibrations make a low sound.
Quick Check
Write the answer to the question.
6. What makes a loud sound?
↑ A whistle makes
a high sound.
↑ A motorcycle makes
a low sound.
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
181
Chapter 12 • Lesson 2
P rinter P DF
182-185_C12_L03_288152.indd Page 182
9/11/08
7:28:03 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
Lesson 3
Light
What is light?
Light is a kind of energy.
Light lets you see.
Some things let light
through them.
Read a Diagram
What lets the boy see?
Some things do not.
Light and Sight
↑ These glasses
let a lot of light
through.
↑ These glasses
let some light
through.
↑ This mask
lets no light
through.
182
Energy Everywhere
P rinter P DF
182-185_C12_L03_288152.indd Page 183
9/11/08
7:28:45 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
Some things block light.
This makes a shadow.
The girl’s body blocks light.
She has a shadow. →
Quick Check
Write two things that can block light.
7.
8.
183
Chapter 12 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
182-185_C12_L03_288152.indd Page 184
9/11/08
7:28:48 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
What are some sources
of light?
Most of the light on Earth comes
from the Sun.
Other lights are made by people.
Light lets us see things.
Light bounces off objects and goes
into your eyes.
This lets you see the object.
↑ Lights in the street
help us see at night.
↑ Lamps help us see
at home.
184
Energy Everywhere
P rinter P DF
182-185_C12_L03_288152.indd Page 185 9/11/08 10:41:15 PM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
flashlight
string of lights
↑ There are different kinds
of lights.
Quick Check
Write the answers to the questions.
9. What makes most of Earth’s light?
10. What kinds of things make light?
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
185
Chapter 12 • Lesson 3
P rinter P DF
186-188_C12_L04_288152.indd Page 186
9/11/08
7:30:43 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
Lesson 4
Electricity
How do you use electricity?
Electricity is a kind of energy.
It gives some things power to work.
Wires carry electricity.
Batteries store electricity.
We use electricity every day.
Plugged In
186
Energy Everywhere
P rinter P DF
186-188_C12_L04_288152.indd Page 187 9/17/08 2:45:33 AM u-s088
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Quick Check
11. List two objects that get electricity from wires.
List two objects that get electricity from batteries.
Electricity from Wires
Electricity from Batteries
Read a Diagram
Name an object you see
that needs electricity.
-Review Summaries and quizzes online at www.macmillanmh.com
187
Chapter 12 • Lesson 4
P rinter P DF
186-188_C12_L04_288152.indd Page 188
9/11/08
7:30:59 PM elhi-4
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152
Vocabulary
Review
Use the words below to answer each question.
heat
light
vibrate
1. What kind of energy lets you see?
2. What kind of energy makes things warm?
3. What does an object do when it makes a sound?
Tell what you know.
188
Chapter 12 • Lessons 1–4 • Vocabulary Review
P rinter P DF
189-200_BM_GLO_288152.indd Page 189 10/14/08 1:58:36 AM admini
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/9780022881528_G1/Application_Files_...
amphibian An animal that lives
on land and in water. (page 33)
A frog is an amphibian.
Arctic A cold and icy place near the
North Pole. (page 26) Plants in the Arctic
are short.
balance A tool used to measure mass.
(page 132) The side of a balance with
more mass will go down.
bird An animal that has two legs, two
wings, and feathers. (page 31)
A duck is a bird.
desert A dry place. (page 24)
Cactus plants can live in the desert.
dissolve To mix well into a liquid.
(page 148) Drink mix will dissolve in water.
-Glossary at www.macmillanmh.com
189
Glossary
P rinter P DF
189-200_BM_GLO_288152.indd Page 190 10/14/08 1:58:41 AM admini
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/9780022881528_G1/Application_Files_...
electricity A form of energy that
gives some things power to work.
(page 186) Some things in your home
need electricity.
energy A force that makes things work
or change. (page 174) Gasoline gives cars
the energy to move.
fall The season after summer. (page 110)
Some leaves change colors in fall.
fish An animal that has gills and fins.
(page 34) Fish live under water.
flower A plant part that makes seeds.
(page 16) Flowers come in many shapes
and colors.
food chain The order of how living
things get food. (page 62) All animals
are part of a food chain.
190
Glossary
P rinter P DF
189-200_BM_GLO_288152.indd Page 191 10/14/08 1:59:05 AM admini
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/9780022881528_G1/Application_Files_...
force A push or a pull that makes a
thing move. (page 160) It takes force
to move a ball.
forest A place with many trees.
(page 54) Many plants and animals live
in the forest.
freeze To change from a liquid to a
solid. (page 150) Water will freeze if it
gets very cold.
friction A force that slows things down.
(page 163) Friction makes a skate stop.
gas A kind of matter that does not
have its own shape. (page 140)
Gas gives balloons their shape.
grassland A dry place with a lot of
grass. (page 53) Prairie dogs live in
a grassland.
-Glossary at www.macmillanmh.com
191
Glossary
P rinter P DF
189-200_BM_GLO_288152.indd Page 192 10/14/08 1:59:11 AM admini
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/9780022881528_G1/Application_Files_...
gravity A force that pulls things toward
Earth. (page 161) Gravity keeps us from
staying up in the air.
habitat A place where animals and
plants live. (page 52) A forest is a
habitat for many plants and animals.
heat A form of energy that makes
things warm. (page 176) Heat makes
popcorn pop.
insect An animal with six legs. (page 35)
An ant is an insect.
lake Water with land around it.
(page 56) A lake is a home for many
plants and animals.
leaves Plant parts that make food.
(page 8) Leaves come in different
shapes and sizes.
192
Glossary
P rinter P DF
189-200_BM_GLO_288152.indd Page 193 10/14/08 1:59:49 AM admini
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/9780022881528_G1/Application_Files_...
light A form of energy that lets you see.
(page 182) Light can help you see in the
dark.
liquid A kind of matter that flows and
takes the shape of its container.
(page 138) Milk is a liquid.
living A thing that needs food, air,
and water to live. (page 2)
This girl is a living thing.
magnet A thing that can pull objects
with iron in them. (page 168) A magnet
can pull some metals.
mammal An animal with hair or fur.
(page 30) Fur can keep mammals warm.
mass How much matter is in something.
(page 132) These birds both have mass.
-Glossary at www.macmillanmh.com
193
Glossary
P rinter P DF
189-200_BM_GLO_288152.indd Page 194 10/14/08 2:00:06 AM admini
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/9780022881528_G1/Application_Files_...
matter What all things are made of.
(page 130) A kite is made of matter.
melt To change from a solid to a
liquid. (page 151) Ice cubes can melt
and become water.
mixture Different things put together.
(page 146) A fruit salad is a mixture.
Moon A ball of rock that moves around
Earth. (page 124) The Moon does not
make its own light.
motion A change in a thing’s
position. (page 158) The plane is in
motion.
mountain Land that is very high.
(page 72) A mountain is the highest
kind of land.
194
Glossary
P rinter P DF
189-200_BM_GLO_288152.indd Page 195 10/14/08 2:00:13 AM admini
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/9780022881528_G1/Application_Files_...
natural resources Things from Earth
that people use. (page 84)
Rocks are a natural resource.
nonliving A thing that does not need
food, water, and air to live. (page 2)
A rock is a nonliving thing.
ocean Salty water that can be very big
and deep. (page 58) Whales live in
the ocean.
plain Flat land that is very wide.
(page 73) A plain is wide and flat.
planet A large object that moves
around the Sun. (page 126)
Saturn is a planet.
poles Where a magnet’s pull is
strongest. (page 170) A magnet
has a north pole and a south pole.
-Glossary at www.macmillanmh.com
195
Glossary
P rinter P DF
189-200_BM_GLO_288152.indd Page 196 10/14/08 2:00:27 AM admini
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/9780022881528_G1/Application_Files_...
pollution Things that hurt the air, land,
or water. (page 90) Pollution can harm
animals.
position The place where something
is found. (page 156) You can find
something if you know its position.
pull A force that moves something
closer to you. (page 160) The boy pulls
the bag of balls.
push A force that moves something
away from you. (page 160) The girl
pushes the ball when she throws it.
rain forest A hot and wet place. (page 25)
A rain forest has many green plants.
recycle To make a new thing from an
old thing. (page 95) You can recycle
paper, plastic, and glass.
196
Glossary
P rinter P DF
189-200_BM_GLO_288152.indd Page 197 10/14/08 2:00:47 AM admini
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/9780022881528_G1/Application_Files_...
reduce To use less of something.
(page 94) You can reduce how much
water you use.
reptile An animal with dry skin and
scales. (page 32) A snake is a reptile.
reuse To use something again. (page 92)
You can reuse cans and bottles.
river Fresh water that moves. (page 71)
A river may flow into an ocean.
root Plant part that holds a plant in the
ground. (page 9) Roots hold a plant in
the ground.
season A time of year. (page 106)
There are four seasons.
-Glossary at www.macmillanmh.com
197
Glossary
P rinter P DF
189-200_BM_GLO_288152.indd Page 198 10/14/08 2:00:58 AM admini
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/9780022881528_G1/Application_Files_...
seed A plant part that grows into a new
plant. (page 16) A seed inside a peach
can grow.
simple machine A tool that can make it
easier to move things. (page 164)
A rake is a simple machine.
soil The top layer of Earth. (page 76)
Soil can be brown, red, gray, or yellow.
solid A kind of matter that has a shape
of its own. (page 134) A block is a solid.
spring The season after winter. (page 107)
Many animals are born in spring.
star An object in the sky that makes its
own light. (page 116) We can see many
stars in the night sky.
198
Glossary
P rinter P DF
189-200_BM_GLO_288152.indd Page 199 10/14/08 2:01:14 AM admini
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/9780022881528_G1/Application_Files_...
stem Part of a plant that holds it up.
(page 8) The stem holds up the flower.
summer The season after spring.
(page 108) Lemonade can cool you off
in the hot summer.
Sun The star closest to Earth. (page 117)
The Sun gives light and heat to Earth.
temperature How cold or warm the
air is. (page 98) The temperature can be
cold in winter.
valley Low land between mountains.
(page 72) This valley is flat.
vibrate To move back and forth. (page 178)
Sound is made when something vibrates.
-Glossary at www.macmillanmh.com
199
Glossary
P rinter P DF
189-200_BM_GLO_288152.indd Page 200 10/14/08 2:01:19 AM admini
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/9780022881528_G1/Application_Files_...
water vapor Water that goes up into
the air. (page 102) You can not see
water vapor.
winter The season after fall. (page 112)
It can snow in winter.
200
Glossary
P rinter P DF
201-202_BM_CR_288152.indd Page 201 9/19/08 12:11:15 AM admini
Cover Photo Juniors Bildarchiv/Alamy; title page Juniors
Bildarchiv/Alamy; back cover (t)Nigel Cattlin/Holt Studios
International Ltd/Alamy, (b)Siede Preis/Getty Image
(bkgd)PhotoLink/Getty Images; Bora/Alamy
1 (1)Comstock/PictureQuest, (2)C. Borland/PhotoLink/Getty
Images, (3)Evan Sklar/Botanica/Jupiterimages, (4)Dave King/
DK Images (5) John Kaprielian/Photo Researchers, Inc.;
(5)Evan Sklar/Botanica/Jupiterimages; 2-3 F. Sieb/Robertstock.
com; 4 (l)CuboImages srl /Alamy, (r)Digital Vision/PunchStock;
5 ImageState/Alamy; 8 John Kaprielian/Photo Researchers,Inc.;
9 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill; 10 (t)Kathryn Kleinman/Botanica/
Jupiterimages, (r)C Squared Studios/Getty Images, (b)Len
Delessio/Index Stock Imagery/Jupiterimages; 11 Royalty-Free/
CORBIS; 12 (t)Burke Triolo Productions/Getty Images, (b)C
Squared Studios/Getty Images; 13 Macmillan McGraw-Hill;
15 (1)Royalty-Free/CORBIS, (2) Judd Piloss/Jupiterimages,
(3)Mark Gibson/Index Stock Imagery, (4) Tom Bean/CORBIS
(5)2006 Jim D. Barr/AlaskaStock.com; 16 Jose Fuste Raga/
zefa/CORBIS; 17 Judd Piloss/Jupiterimages; 19 Paul
McCormick/Getty Images; 22 23 Natalie Ray/Macmillan/
McGraw-Hill; 24 Mark Gibson/Index Stock Imagery; 25 Tom
Bean/CORBIS; 26-27 J. David Andrews/Masterfile; 28 Gilbert S.
Grant/Photo Researchers; 29 (1)Blickwinkel/Alamy, (2) Jose B.
Ruiz/naturepl.com (3)IT Stock/Punchstock, (4)Michael &
Patricia Fogden/Minden Pictures, (5) Diane Nelson/The
McGraw-Hill Companies, (6) Ted Clutter/Photo Researchers,
Inc.; 30 (l)McDonald Wildlife Photography/Animals Animals,
(r)Blickwinkel/Alamy; 31 Jose B. Ruiz/naturepl.com; 32 (t)IT
Stock/Punchstock; (b)Joseph T. Collins/Photo Researchers;
33 Michael & Patricia Fogden/Minden Pictures;
34 (t)Imagestate/Alamy, (b)Photodisc/Getty Images;
35 (t)Burke/Triolo Productions/Brand X Pictures/Getty Images,
(b)Ted Clutter/Photo Researchers, Inc; 36 (t)Joe McDonald/
CORBIS, (b)Art Wolfe/Getty Images; 37 Daniel J Cox/Getty
Images; 38 (t)Pete Oxford/Minden Pictures, (b)Norbert Rosing/
Getty Images; 39 Konrad Wothe/Minden Pictures; 40-41 Darrell
Gulin/CORBIS; 41 OnRequest Images/Alamy; 42 Alan & Sandy
Carey/zefa/CORBIS; 43 mJames Watt/Visuals Unlimited;
44 (l)Gerard Brown/Getty Images, (r)Jane Buton/Getty
Images; 45 (l)Jane Burton/Getty Images, (r)Darrell Gulin/Getty
Images; 46 Paul Bricknell/DK Images; 47 (l)Paul Bricknell/DK
Images, (r)Mike Dunning/DK Images; 51 (1)Nicole Duplaix/Getty
Images, (2)Jeremy Woodhouse/Masterfile, (3)Jack
Milchanowski/Visuals Unlimited, (4)David R. Frazier
Photolibrary/Alamy, (5)David Fleetham/Getty Images;
52 (b)Nigel J. Dennis/Photo Researchers; 53 Jeremy
Woodhouse/Masterfile; 54 (l)Jack Milchanowski/Visuals
Unlimited; (r)Getty Images; 56 (c)David R. Frazier Photolibrary,
Inc./Alamy, (cr)Arthur Morris/CORBIS, (bl)John Warden/ Getty
Images; 57 Harry Engels/Photo Researchers; 58 (t)Georgette
Douwma/Photo Researchers, (b)David Fleetham/Getty Images;
59 Wayne and Karen Brown/Index Stock Imagery; 60 (t)Gary
Meszaros/Getty Images, (b)Konrad Wothe/Minden Pictures;
61 imagebroker/Alamy; 64 (l)Digital Vision/PunchStock,
(r)Steve Maslowski/Photo Researchers; 66 (t to b)David
Fleetham/Getty Images, David R. Frazier Photolibrary, Inc./
Alamy, Jack Milchanowski/Visuals Unlimited, Jeremy
Woodhouse/Masterfile; 67 (1)Amy and Chuck Wiley/Wales/
Index Stock Imagery, (2)Amy and Chuck Wiley/Wales/Index
Stock Imagery, (3)Gary Yeowell/Getty Images, (4)Macduff
Everton/CORBIS, (5)Natalie Ray/Macmillan/McGraw-Hill;
68 NASA/Stock Image/age fotostock; 69 Greg Scott/
Masterfile. 70 (l)Larry Dale Gordon/zefa/CORBIS, (r)CORBIS/
Punchstock; 71 Amy and Chuck Wiley/Wales/Index Stock
Imagery; 72 Gary Yeowell/Getty Images; 73 Macduff Everton/
CORBIS; 74 (tl)Joyce Photographics/Photo Researchers (tr br
bl) Ken Cavanaugh/Macmillan/McGraw-Hill; 75 (tc)Tony Lilley/
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Alamy, (tr)Jacques Cornell/Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, (tl b)Ken
Cavanaugh/Macmillan/McGraw-Hill; 76 Natalie Ray/Macmillan/
McGraw-Hill; 77 R. Ian Lloyd/Masterfile; 78 Larry Stepanowicz/
Visuals Unlimited; 79 Mark Lewis/Getty Images; 80 (t)Daryl
Benson/Masterfile, (b)William Manning/CORBIS; 81 William
Manning/CORBIS; 83 (1)Rainer Hackenberg/zefa/CORBIS,
(2)Deco/Alamy, (3)Natalie Ray/Macmillan/McGraw-Hill,
(4)BigCheesePhoto/PunchStock, (5)Mark E. Gibson/CORBIS;
84 (t)The Stock Asylum, LLC/Alamy, (b)John James Wood/
Index Stock Imagery; 84-85 Rainer Hackenberg/zefa/CORBIS;
85 Rose Hartman/CORBIS; 86 George and Monserrate
Schwartz/Alamy; 87 Mel Curtis/Getty Images, (inset)Ian
Cummings/Rough Guides/DK Images; 88 (l)Johner/Getty
Images, (r)Thinkstock Images/Jupiter Images/Comstock/
Punchstock; 89 (l)Peter Cade/Getty Images, (r)FoodCollection/
age fotostock; 90 Deco/Alamy; 91 Dean Conger/CORBIS;
92 93 Natalie Ray/Macmillan/McGraw-Hill; 94 (l)Natalie Ray/
Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, (r)BigCheesePhoto/PunchStock;
95 Mark E. Gibson/CORBIS; 97 (1)G. Schuster/zefa/CORBIS,
(2)Richard Cummins/CORBIS, (3)Photodisc/Punchstock,
(4)Ariel Skelley/Getty Images, (5)Brand X Pictures/PunchStock;
98 (l)G. Schuster/zefa/CORBIS, (r)Royalty Free/CORBIS;
99 (l)Robert Brenner/PhotoEdit, (r)Rob Casey/Getty Images;
100 (t)Jacques Cornell/Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, (c)L.S.
Stepanowicz/Bruce Coleman USA, (b)Dynamic Graphics
Group/Creatas/Alamy; 101 David Young-Wolff/PhotoEdit;
103 (l)Altrendo Images/Getty Images, (r)Charlie Riedel/AP
Images; 104 (t)CORBIS/Punchstock, (b)Craig Aurness/CORBIS;
105 Michael S. Yamashita/CORBIS; 106 Rommel/ Masterfile;
107 Richard Cummins/CORBIS; 108 Photodisc/Punchstock:
109 Paul Gapper /Alamy; 110 Visions of America, LLC/Alamy;
111 (l)Jeff Lepore/Photo Researchers, (r)Chase Swift/CORBIS;
112 Stock Connection/Alamy; 113 Stephen Dalton/Minden
Pictures; 115 (1)G. Schuster/zefa/CORBIS, (2)Eckhard Slawik/
Photo Researchers; 116-117 Gabe Palmer/CORBIS; 117 Jerry
Lodriguss/Science Photo Library; 118 (l)Comstock/PunchStock,
(r)PCL/Alamy; 119 Tony Craddock/Stone/Getty Images;
120 (l)IT Stock Free/Punchstock, (r)Henning von Holleben/
Getty Images; 123 Natalie Ray/Macmillan/McGraw-Hill;
124 Richard Wahlstrom/The Image Bank/Getty Images;
125 (r)Eckhard Slawik/Photo Researchers, (l)Macmillan/
McGraw-Hill; 129 (1)PIXTAL/PunchStock, (2) Stockdisc/
PunchStock, (4)Ken Karp/Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, (5)Sally
Ullman/FoodPix/Jupiterimages, (6)Jules Frazier/Getty Images;
130 (l)Andy Crawford/DK Images, (r)DK Images; 131 Ariel
Skelley/CORBIS; 132 Natalie Ray/Macmillan/McGraw-Hill;
133 Natalie Ray/Macmillan/McGraw-Hill; 134 Ken Karp/
Macmillan McGraw Hill; 135 (l)Natalie Ray/Macmillan/McGrawHill, (r)Ken Karp/Macmillan/McGraw-Hill; 136 Ken Cavanaugh/
Macmillan/McGraw-Hill; 137 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill;
138 (tl)Groesbeck/Uhl/Getty Images, (tr)Masterfile, (bl)Sally
Ullman/FoodPix/Jupiterimages, (br)Martyn F. Chillmaid/
Science Photo Library; 139 Ken Cavanaugh/Macmillan/McGrawHill; 141 David Young-Wolff/Alamy; 143 (1)Dennis Gray/Cole
Group/Getty Images, (2)Natalie Ray/Macmillan McGraw-Hill, (3
4)Ken Karp/Macmillan/McGraw-Hill; 144 Natalie Ray/
Macmillan/McGraw-Hill; 145 Ken Cavanaugh/Macmillan/
McGraw-Hill; 146 147 148 149 Natalie Ray/Macmillan/McGrawHill; 150-151 Ken Karp/Macmillan/McGraw-Hill; 152 Luis Forra/
epa/CORBIS; 153 Natalie Ray/Macmillan/McGraw-Hill;
155 (1)Thinkstock/Punchstock, (2)Chris Clinton/Getty Images,
(3)Michael Scott/Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, (4)Photofusion
Picture Library/Alamy, (5)Ken Cavanaugh/Macmillan/McGrawHill; 158 (l)Brand X Pictures/Punchstock, (r)Thinkstock/
Punchstock; 159 Digital Vision/Getty Images; 160 (l)Chris
Clinton/Getty Images, (r) Michael Scott/Macmillan/McGrawHill; 161 Comstock Images/Punchstock; 162 (l)Punchstock,
(r)ThinkStock LLC/Index Stock Imagery; 163 (l)Patrick Bennett/
CORBIS, (r)Rolf Schultes/dpa/CORBIS; 164 Michael Newman/
201
Credits
P rinter P DF
201-202_BM_CR_288152.indd Page 202 9/19/08 12:11:31 AM admini
PhotoEdit; 165Glow Images/Punchstock; 166 (t)DK Images,
(b)Steve Prezant/CORBIS; 167 (t)Photofusion Picture Library/
Alamy; 168 (t)Natalie Ray/Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, (b)Ken
Cavanaugh/Macmillan/McGraw-Hill; 169 Natalie Ray/Macmillan/
McGraw-Hill; 170 (t)Jacques Cornell/Macmillan/McGraw-Hill,
(b)Natalie Ray/Macmillan/McGraw-Hill; 171 Natalie Ray/
Macmillan/McGraw-Hill; 173 (1)Jack Star/PhotoLink/Getty
Images, (2)Aqua Image/Alamy, (3)David Young-Wolff/
PhotoEdit, (4)Kader Meguedad/Alamy; 174 (l)John W Banagan/
Getty Images, (r)Golden Gate Images/Alamy; 175 Jack Star/
PhotoLink/Getty Images; 176 (t)Dynamic Graphics/
JupiterImages, (b)Aqua Image/Alamy; 177 Lena Johansson/
Getty Images; 178 David Young-Wolff/PhotoEdit; 179 Greg
Stott/Masterfile; 180 (t)Photodisc/Punchstock, (bl)Creatas/
Punchstock, (br)Tom Carter/PhotoEdit; 181 (l)WireImageStock/
Masterfile, (r)Ted Soqui/CORBIS; 182 (t)Eyewire Collection/
Getty Images, (br bc bl)Natalie Ray/Macmillan/McGraw-Hill;
183 Peter Griffith/Masterfile; 184 (l)Rudy Sulgan/CORBIS,
(r)Kader Meguedad/Alamy; 185 David Young-Wolff/PhotoEdit,
185 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill; 189 (1)Michael & Patricia Fogden/
Minden Pictures, (2)Jim D. Barr/AlaskaStock.com,(3 6)Natalie
Ray/Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, (4)Jose B. Ruiz/naturepl.
com,(5)Mark Gibson/Index Stock Imagery; 190 (1)Jack Star/
PhotoLink/Getty Images,2)Ariel Skelley/Getty
Images,(3)Imagestate/Alamy,(4)Royalty-Free/Corbis;
191 (1)ThinkStock LLC/Index Stock Imagery,(2)Jack
Milchanowski/Visuals Unlimited, (3)Ken Karp/Macmillan/
McGraw-Hill, (4)Rolf Schultes/dpa/Corbis,(5)Jules Frazier/
/Volumes/112/GO00181/Reading_Essentials%0/288152_G1/Application_Files_288152/...
Getty Images, (6)Jeremy Woodhouse/Masterfile;
192 (1)Comstock Images/Punchstock, (2)Nicole Duplaix/Getty
Images, (3)Lena Johansson/Getty Images, (4)Ted Clutter/Photo
Researchers, Inc., (5)David R. Frazier Photolibrary, Inc./
Alamy,(6)Evan Sklar/Botanica/Jupiterimages; 193 (1)David
Young-Wolff/PhotoEdit, (2)Sally Ullman/FoodPix/
Jupiterimages, (3)Comstock/PictureQuest, (4 6)Natalie Ray/
Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, (5)Blickwinkel/Alamy; 194 (1)DK
Images, (2)Dennis Gray/Cole Group/Getty Images, (3)Richard
Wahlstrom/The Image Bank/Getty Images,(4)Thinkstock/
Punchstock, (5)Amy and Chuck Wiley/Wales/Index Stock
Imagery; 195 (1)Rainer Hackenberg/zefa/Corbis, (2)C. Borland/
PhotoLink/Getty Images, (4)Macduff Everton/Corbis,
(5)Jacques Cornell/Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, David Fleetham/
Getty Images; 196 (1)Deco/Alamy, (2)Michael Scott/Macmillan/
McGraw-Hill, (3)Chris Clinton/Getty Images, (4)Tom Bean/
Corbis, (5)Mark E. Gibson/Corbis; 197 (1)BigCheesePhoto/
PunchStock, (2)IT Stock/Punchstock, (3)Natalie Ray/
Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, (4)Amy and Chuck Wiley/Wales/Index
Stock Imagery, (5)John Kaprielian/Photo Researchers, Inc.,
(6)Stock Connection/Alamy; 198 (1)Judd Pilossof/
Jupiterimages, (2)Michael Newman/PhotoEdit, (3)Natalie Ray/
Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, (4)Ken Karp/Macmillan McGraw Hill,
(5)Richard Cummins/Corbis, (6)Rob Matheson/Corbis;
199 (1)Dave King/DK Images, (2)Photodisc/Punchstock, (3)G.
Schuster/zefa/Corbis,(5)Gary Yeowell/Getty Images, (6)David
Young-Wolff/PhotoEdit; 200 Stock Connection/Alamy.
202
Credits
P rinter P DF