THE CARE CERTIFICATE
Training Portfolio
Learners Name
Organisation
Start Date
Shahnaz Naseer
IJB Health Care
9 th November 2023
Evidence of Learning
All learning requirements for the Care Certificate can be recorded in this portfolio.
On successful completion of this Portfolio, the Care Certificate can be awarded.
Contents
Standard 1 Understand your role ...................................................................................................................... 2
Standard 2 Your Personal Development............................................................................................................ 4
Standard 3 Duty of care ..................................................................................................................................... 5
Standard 4 Equality and Diversity ...................................................................................................................... 7
Standard 5 Work in a Person-Centred Way ....................................................................................................... 8
Standard 6 Communication ............................................................................................................................. 10
Standard 7 Privacy and Dignity ........................................................................................................................ 11
Standard 8 Fluids and Nutrition ....................................................................................................................... 13
Standard 9 Awareness of Mental Health, Dementia and Learning Disability ................................................. 14
Standard 10 Safeguarding Adults .................................................................................................................... 16
Standard 11 Safeguarding Children ................................................................................................................. 19
Standard 12 Basic Life Support ........................................................................................................................ 19
Standard 13 Health and Safety ........................................................................................................................ 20
Standard 14 Handling information .................................................................................................................. 23
Standard 15 Infection Prevention and Control ................................................................................................ 24
Assessment for Written Questioning............................................................................................................... 24
Health and Care Worker Review, part 1 .......................................................................................................... 25
Health and Care Worker Review, part 2 .......................................................................................................... 26
Development Plan........................................................................................................................................ 26
Observations of Practice .................................................................................................................................. 27
Mandatory Training ......................................................................................................................................... 29
Online Knowledge Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 30
Completion of the Care Certificate .................................................................................................................. 30
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Standard 1 Understand your role
(1.1b, 1.1d, 1.2b, 1.2d, 1.3b, 1.3c, 1.4a, 1.4b)
1. What does the National Code of Conduct say about how your care and support practice should be?
Be accountable by making sure you can answer for your action or omission.
Promote and uphold the privacy ,dignity,rights,health and wellbeing of people who use health and care services
and their carers at all times.
Work in
collabration with your colleagues to ensure the delivery of high quality,save and compassionate health
care,care and support.
Communicate in an open,and effective way to promote the health,safety and wellbeing of people who use
health and care services and their carers.
Respect a person's right to confidentiality.
Strive to improve the quality of healthcare,care and support through continuing professional development.
Uphold and promote equality,diversity and inclusion.
2. What are your organisations aims and objectives?
Our organisation Aim is to provide extra level of care,support and logistics to vulnerable individuals that wish to
be cared for in the comfort of there homes and or in a care home.We supply a range of fully trained staff
covering the spectrum of health care services to meet needs of service users.To provide the right level of care
and support required or needed.
OBJECTIVES.
Improve life and well being of our clients
Maintain Independence
Pay attention to details
Provide personalised service and continually improve.
3. Describe how your own experiences, beliefs and values will help you to deliver positive care and
support
Describing the positive beliefs and values of healthcare professionals involves highlighting the principles,
attitudes, and ethical considerations that contribute to high-quality and compassionate care. Here are some key
aspects to consider when describing positive beliefs and values in healthcare
Empathy and Compassion:
Healthcare professionals should demonstrate empathy and compassion toward patients, acknowledging their
emotions and providing emotional support.
Respect for Dignity and Autonomy:
Upholding the dignity of patients by treating them with respect, regardless of their background, condition, or
circumstances.
Recognizing and promoting the autonomy of patients in decision-making about their healthcare.
Cultural Competence:
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Valuing and respecting the cultural diversity of patients, understanding their cultural beliefs and practices, and
incorporating cultural competence into care.
4. Explain how your working relationships are different from personal relationships
A working relationship and a personal relationship are distinct in terms of purpose, boundaries, and the nature
of interactions. Here are some key differences between the two
Purpose:
Working Relationship: The primary purpose of a working relationship is to achieve common professional goals
and objectives. It is centered around tasks, responsibilities, and collaboration in a professional setting.
Personal Relationship: A personal relationship focuses on mutual emotional support, companionship, and
shared personal experiences. The primary purpose is to fulfill emotional and social needs.
5.
Give 4 examples of professional relationships that you might form at work and the positive impact
Boundaries:
that these will have on an individual you support.
Working Relationship:Other
Therepeople
are clear professional boundaries How
in a working
relationship.
Interactions
are often
they might
support
the individual
task-oriented and related to the responsibilities and goals of the workplace. Personal aspects are generally
Positive
Impacttoon
Individual
Support: Establishing a
kept
separate
maintain
professionalism.
Caregiver-Client Relationship:
positive caregiver-client relationship fosters trust,
promotes Relationship:
a sense of security,
and
enhances the
Personal
Personal
relationships
involve a blend of personal and emotional aspects. There are
individual's
well-being. Effective
communication
often
fewer overall
formal boundaries,
and individuals
share more about their personal lives, emotions, and
and empathy contribute to personalized care, making the Description: This relationship involves a direct
experiences.
individual feel understood and valued.
interaction between a caregiver (such as a nurse,
Positive Impact on Individual Support: Collaborative
Healthcareaide,
TeamorCollaboration:
Context:
healthcare
support worker) and an
teamwork ensures that the individual's needs are
individual receiving care or support
addressed from various perspectives. Information
sharing, coordinated care plans, and efficient
communication
amongThe
team
members
to a
Description:
Professionals
withinor
a healthcare
Working
Relationship:
context
of a contribute
working relationship
is typically within
a professional
organizational
holistic and
well-coordinated
to support,
team,
suchto
asthe
doctors,
nurses, therapists, and
setting.
It is defined
by roles, approach
responsibilities,
and expectations
related
workplace.
resultingImpact
in better
the individual.
Positive
onoutcomes
Individualfor
Support:
Effective
social workers, collaborate
to Relationship:
provide
Professional-Support
Worker
collaboration
between professionals
and support
workers
comprehensive
care
to individuals.
Personal Relationship:
Personal relationships
exist
outside of
the professional
context
and are often formed in
ensures
a moreorcomprehensive
understanding of the
social,
familial,
community settings.
individual's circumstances. This can lead to tailored
interventions,
better
access to resources, and improved
Communication
Style:
Description: This relationship involves
overall support for the individual.
professionals working in supportive roles, such as
Families
and Care
Providers or
Collaboration:
Positive Impact on Individual Support: Working
case
managers,
counselors,
social workers,
collaboratively with families ensures a continuity of care
who collaborate with support workers to address
Working
Relationship:
Communication
a working
is often
task-oriented, and focused on
and
support.
Families provide
valuable in
insights
into relationship
an
the needs
offormal,
individuals.
achieving specific
objectives.
It may
individual's
preferences,
history,
andinclude
unique professional
needs. Openlanguage and be structured around work-related
topics.
Description: Collaboration between families or
communication
and partnership contribute to a more
primary caregivers and care providers (such as
cohesive support system, enhancing the individual's
Personal
Relationship:
tends to
be more informal,
expressive,
and
healthcare
professionals
or educators)
to support
overall
quality
of life. Communication in personal relationships
centered around personal experiences, feelings, and sharedan
interests.
individual, particularly in cases involving
6. Why are policies and procedures important in an organisation?
children or individuals with special needs.
Professionalism:
policies and procedures are essential organizational tools that provide structure, guidance, and a framework
for ethical and efficient operations. They help organizations achieve their goals while promoting consistency,
fairness,
compliance
with legal and industry
standards.
Workingand
Relationship:
Professionalism
is a key aspect
of working relationships. Individuals are expected to
adhere to professional standards, codes of conduct, and workplace policies.
Personal Relationship: While personal relationships involve trust and mutual respect, they are not bound by
the same professional standards. Behavior is guided more by personal values and mutual understanding.
Duration:
Working Relationship: Working relationships may be project-specific or tied to employment. They can change
or end based on organizational needs or individual career paths.
Personal Relationship: Personal relationships may last for a lifetime, extending beyond specific projects, jobs,
or life phases.
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© Careskills Academy 2020
Decision-Making:
Standard 2 Your Personal Development
(2.1c, 2.2d, 2.2e, 2.2i)
7. Explain the importance of receiving constructive feedback about your work
Constructive feedback is a valuable form of input that focuses on providing specific information and suggestions
to help improve your work or performance. It is meant to be helpful, actionable, and aimed at fostering growth
and development. Here's an example of constructive feedback
Constructive feedback is a collaborative tool that, when delivered effectively, can contribute to professional
growth and improvement.
8. List the sources of support that you can get from people or meetings
Supportive People
Supportive Meetings
Mentorship:
Meeting Facilitators:
Experienced individuals can provide guidance,
advice, and support to those seeking to develop their
skills or navigate their careers.
Trained facilitators can guide meetings, ensuring
effective communication, participation, and
decision-making.
Training and Development Programs:
Agenda Planning:
Organizations often offer training programs to
enhance the skills and knowledge of employees,
helping them perform their roles more effectively.
Well-structured agendas help set the tone for
meetings, ensuring that key topics are covered and
time is used efficiently.
Technology Support:
Employee
Assistance
Programs
(EAP):
9. How can
Reflective
Practice
help you in your role?
Reflective
practice
is a process
through
which individuals
andcan
systematically
think about
their own
professionals
assist with technical
aspects,
EAPs provide
confidential
counseling
services
to help ITdeliberately
experiences
to gain insight
andorimprove
their professional
practice.that audiovisual equipment, online platforms,
ensuring
employees manage
personal
work-related
issues
and other technologies function smoothly during
affecting their well-being.
To incorporate reflective practice into your routine, you can
keep a reflective journal, participate in supervision
meetings.
or
mentoring
sessions,
or
engage
in
reflective
discussions
with
colleagues. The key is to create a structured
Workplace Coaching:
and intentional process for reflecting on your experiencesCollaboration
and using those
reflections to inform your
Tools:
professional growth and decision-making.
Coaching services can help individuals set and
achieve personal and professional goals, fostering
their growth and development.
Using collaboration tools, such as project management
software or video conferencing platforms, can
enhance communication and document sharing during
meetings.
Peer Support Groups:
Scribe or Note-Taker:
Connecting with peers who share similar experiences
can provide emotional support and a sense of
community.
Flexible Work Arrangements:
Having someone dedicated to capturing meeting
minutes or key discussion points ensures a record of
Pagedecisions
4 of 30 and action items.
© Careskills Academy 2020
Preparation Resources:
Employers may offer flexible work options to support
individuals in managing their work-life balance and
Standard 3 Duty of care
(3.1a, 3.1b, 3.2a, 3.2c, 3.3a, 3.3b, 3.3c, 3.4a, 3.4b, 3.4c, 3.5d)
10. Complete the questions in the table below:
How would you define the term
‘Duty of Care’?
How will you demonstrate a
‘Duty of Care’ in your role?
Duty of care" refers to the legal and ethical obligation to
ensure the safety, well-being, and rights of individuals or
groups in a particular relationship or setting. This concept
is fundamental in various professional and personal
contexts, and it implies a responsibility to take reasonable
steps to prevent harm or injury that could be reasonably
foreseeable.
Scenario: A health care worker Demonstrating Duty
of Care
Imagine a health care worker working in a hospital
setting. Here's how they might demonstrate duty of
care:
In professional settings, duty of care is often associated
with roles that involve providing services or care to others, Assessment:
such as healthcare professionals, educators, social
workers,
caregivers.
However,
it can
also extend
11. If anand
individual
wanted
to do
something
thattoyou think is unsafe, how would you deal with this,
everyday situations where one person owes a duty to
whilst
taking
their
rightsofinto
consideration?
another,
such
as in the
context
employers
to employees The carer conducts a thorough assessment of the
patient's condition, taking into account their medical
or businesses to customers.
current
symptoms,
and any
relevant
In situations where someone wishes to engage in an activity history,
that may
be considered
unsafe,
it's other
essential
to
information.
approach the issue with respect for their autonomy while also considering the potential risks.I will
Key
elements
of duty
of care
Initiate
a respectful
and
openinclude:
conversation with the individual.Communication:
Clearly express my concerns about the potential
risks associated with the activity they want to pursue.
I share relevant information about the potential risks and consequences of the chosen activity.i ensure the
The carer communicates effectively with the patient,
Standard
Care:
individual of
has
a comprehensive understanding of the situation.
explaining the planned care, answering questions,
and ensuring the patient understands their
treatment options and any potential risks.
Individuals or professionals are expected to provide a
Safety Measures:
standard of care that is reasonable and in line with the
standards accepted within their profession or community.
12. What Harm:
is your understanding of the following, and how can you avoid these situations?
Preventing
The carer takes appropriate safety measures, such
as checking patient
identifiers,
Incident
Adverse
Eventconfirming allergies,
and ensuring the correct administration of
An incident
couldinvolves
refer to taking
an unexpected
event
thatto
medications
treatments
to prevent harm.
An adverse
eventor
refers
to an undesirable
and
The
duty of care
reasonable
steps
has
the potential
to affect the
safety
or well-being
of a unintended occurrence that happens during or after the
prevent
harm or minimize
risks
that could
be reasonably
patient,
staff This
member,
or visitor.
mightininclude
a
Monitoring:
use of
a medical product or intervention, but is not
anticipated.
includes
being This
proactive
identifying
medication
error,potential
a fall, orhazards
a medical
necessarily caused by the product or intervention itself.
and addressing
or equipment
dangers.
malfunction.
Legal and Ethical Obligation:
Avoiding incidents requires a proactive and
The carer
closely
monitors
theimplementing
patient's vital signs,
Avoiding
adverse
events
involves
preventative approach. While it may not be possible to strategies
responses
to treatment,
and overall
well-being.ofAny
to prevent
and minimize
the occurrence
eliminate all risks, the goal is to identify potential
changes
concerns
promptly
incidents
that or
could
lead toare
harm,
injury,addressed.
or negative
hazards
and take
to minimize
likelihood
Duty of care
is notmeasures
only a moral
or ethicalthe
obligation
but outcomes.
of
incidents
can
do
to avoid
Documentation: Near Misses
also
a legal occurring.I
one. Breaching
thisthese
duty steps
may lead
to legal
Errors
incident.
consequences, including liability for negligence.
Errors can have significant implications for the
A nearmisses is an incident that did not result in harm but
well-being
and
safety of the individuals under our care. had the potential to cause harm..I can aviod by
Risk
Assessment.
Reasonable
Foreseeability:
Errors in the context of caregiving refer to mistakes,
Reporting
Culture:
Accurate and timely documentation
is maintained,
oversights,
orEducation:
inaccuracies that occur in the delivery
Training and
detailing the care provided, the patient's response,
of care service
Near and
Misses
anyInvestigations:
modifications to the care plan. This ensures
Clear
Communication:
Regular
Inspections
and Audit.
The
concept
of reasonable
foreseeability is crucial. Duty of continuity of care and effective communication
Collaborative
Problem-Solving:
among the
healthcare team.
care is not absolute, and individuals are generally
Medication
Measures:
Emergency
Preparedness:
expected toSafety
anticipate
and address foreseeable risks. The
Advocacy:
level of care required may vary depending on the
Patient
or Client Engagement:
circumstances.
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© Careskills Academy 2020
If the patient's needs or concerns are not being
adequately addressed, the nurse advocates for the
patient's rights and well-being, collaborating with
other healthcare professionals to find appropriate
13. Read the scenario on the screen entitled ‘Handling a Complaint’ and demonstrate what your
response would be in practice by completing the table below
What is the individual complaining about?
The individual complaining about poor communication, lack of information, or difficulties in understanding care
plans or instructions.
What is your immediate response to the individual?
My immediate response is to Improve communication channels, provide clear and concise information, and
encourage open dialogue. Regularly check in with the individual to address questions or concerns.
What is the importance of learning from complaints?
Complaints provide valuable feedback on areas that need improvement. By analyzing complaints, organizations
can identify weaknesses in processes, services, or communication and take corrective actions to enhance
overall performance.
Where can you obtain guidance about handling
complaints?
Supervisors and Managers:
Organizational Policies and Procedures.
Supervisor or Manager.
Who will advise you on complaints?
Who do you submit your record of the complaint
to?
Supervisor or Manager
14. What law and regulations apply to reporting incidents, adverse events, errors and near misses?
The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013 (RIDDOR) This places
duties on responsible persons working on the premises to report specific workplace accidents, occupational
diseases and specific dangerous occurrences or near misses to their local Health and Safety Executive (HSE).
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Standard 4 Equality and Diversity
(4.1a, 4.1c, 4.2c, 4.3a, 4.3b, 4.3c)
15. Explain what the following terms mean
Equality
Equality is a fundamental principle that refers to the state of being equal,
especially in terms of rights, opportunities, and treatment. It involves the
idea that every individual should have the same rights, opportunities, and
access to resources regardless of various characteristics or
circumstances.
Diversity
Diversity refers to the presence of a wide range of differences and
variations among individuals in a specific group, community, or society.
These differences can manifest in various aspects, including but not
limited to race, ethnicity, gender, age, sexual orientation, socioeconomic
status, physical abilities, religious beliefs, educational background.
Inclusion
Inclusion refers to the practice of actively involving and embracing
individuals from diverse backgrounds, experiences, and identities in all
aspects of social, economic, educational, and cultural life. It goes beyond
mere tolerance and diversity by creating environments where everyone
feels valued, respected, and fully engaged.
Discrimination
Deliberate Discrimination
Inadvertent Discrimination
Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of individuals or
groups based on certain characteristics, such as race, gender, age,
religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, disability, or other attributes.
Discrimination involves treating people unfairly or denying them equal
opportunities and rights because of these characteristics, leading to a
negative impact on their well-being, opportunities, and experiences.
Deliberate discrimination refers to intentional and purposeful acts of unfair
treatment or prejudice against individuals or groups based on certain
characteristics. Unlike unintentional biases or systemic discrimination,
deliberate discrimination involves a conscious choice to engage in
discriminatory behavior.
Inadvertent discrimination refers to unintentional and unconscious acts or
practices that result in unfair treatment or disadvantage to individuals or
groups based on certain characteristics.
16. How can you reduce the likelihood of discrimination, in your role?
Reducing the likelihood of discrimination in my role involves a proactive and ongoing commitment to creating an
inclusive and respectful environment. Here are some practical steps i can take:
Raise Awareness:
Educate myself:
Challenge my Biases.
Promote Equal Opportunities:
Implement Fair Policies:
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© Careskills Academy 2020
17. Identify a range of sources where you can get guidance on equality, diversity and inclusion
There are various reputable sources where i can find guidance on equality, diversity, and inclusion. Here are
some key sources across different categories:
Government Agencies and Departments
Nonprofit and Advocacy Organizations:
Legal Resources:
Training Providers:
Books and Publications:
Standard 5 Work in a Person-Centred Way
(5.1a, 5.1c, 5.2a, 5.2b, 5.2c, 5.5d, 5.6a)
18. How will you put person-centred values into practice and promote dignity in your day-to-day work?
Promoting person-centered values and dignity in my day-to-day work involves adopting a mindset that
prioritizes individual preferences, needs, and rights. Here are practical ways to put person-centered values into
practice and promote dignity in my work:
Maintain Privacy and Confidentiality:
Respect and Empathy
Informed Decision-Making:
Effective Communication:
19. Answer the following questions on Care Planning
Why is it important to have information on an
individual’s background?
Having information on an individual's background is
important for several reasons, especially in contexts
where care, support, or services are provided.
Understanding an individual's background contributes
to person-centered care and helps in tailoring support
to meet their specific needs.
Why should Care Plans
be updated regularly?
Regular updates to care plans are essential for
ensuring that the care provided remains effective,
person-centered, and responsive to the evolving
needs and preferences of the individual receiving
care.
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20. What is the benefit of Advance Care Planning?
Advance care planning (ACP) offers several benefits for individuals, their families, and healthcare providers.
Here are some key advantages:
Empowerment and Autonomy:
Improved Communication:
Reduced Family Burden
Respect for Individual Choices:
Promotes a Comfortable Environment:
21. How would you know that an individual is in pain or discomfort?
Apart from the individual telling me that they are in pain or discomfort , there are also non verbal signs.The way
they look,their body language such as gestures or facial expressions could be a good sign,
doubling over,gritted teeth,pale complexion,sweating,tears or furrowed brows.
22. How will you demonstrate that you are person-centred and promote an individuals self-esteem?
Demonstrating a person-centered approach and promoting an individual's self-esteem involves recognizing and
respecting their unique needs, preferences, and strengths.
Actively listen to the individual's concerns, preferences, and opinions. This demonstrates respect and helps build
trust.
Acknowledge and respect the individual's preferences and choices, even if they differ from my own. This includes
respecting cultural, religious, and lifestyle choices. Person-centered care involves tailoring support to align with
the individual's value:
Involve the individual in decision-making about their care and support. Collaborate on setting goals, planning
activities, and making choices related to their daily life. This fosters a sense of control and empowerment.
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© Careskills Academy 2020
Standard 6 Communication
(6.1a, 6.1c, 6.2a, 6.2b, 6.3a, 6.3b, 6.4b, 6.4c)
23. List a range of methods and styles that can support communication difficulties
Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC):
Visual Aids:
AAC
methods
include the use of communication
Written
Communication:
devices, picture boards, symbols, or sign language to
support individuals with speech or language difficulties.
Visual
such as charts, graphs, and pictures can
Use of aids
Technology:
help convey information.
Technology
can assist in communication. Text
Simple Language:
messaging, email, social media, or communication
apps can provide alternative means for individuals to
express themselves.
Active Listening:
Using
and straightforward language can aid
Use
ofsimple
Gestures:
Non-verbal
cues such as facial expressions, gestures,
and body language play a crucial role in communication. comprehension. Avoiding complex vocabulary and
breaking information into smaller, more manageable
chunks can be effective.
Actively listening to the individual's attempts to
Incorporating gestures or simple sign language can
communicate and responding appropriately encourages enhance communication. This is particularly useful for
a supportive communication environment.
individuals who may have difficulty with verbal
24. Why is it important to observe and be receptive expression.
to
an individual’s reactions when you communicate
Providing
information
in Body
written
form can be helpful.
Facial
Expressions
and
Language:
This includes written instructions, notes, or messages to
support understanding and communication.
with them?
Observing and being receptive to an individual's reactions when communicating with them is crucial for several
reasons:
Observing an individual's reactions allows me to assess the effectiveness of my communication. Their
responses, whether verbal or non-verbal, provide valuable feedback on whether the message is understood,
causing confusion, or generating a positive or negative emotional response.
Individuals have diverse communication styles, preferences, and needs. Being receptive to their reactions helps
me tailor my communication approach to align with their unique requirements, ensuring that the information is
conveyed in a way that is accessible and meaningful to them.
25. When are an individual’s communication needs and preferences usually planned and established?
Individuals' communication needs and preferences are typically planned and established during the
assessment and care planning process.
When
an individual first enters a care or support setting, an initial assessment is conducted to gather information
about their background, health status, and any specific needs they may have, including communication needs.
This assessment helps identify potential barriers and informs the development of a personalized care plan.
Person-centered planning involves collaborating with the individual, their family, and relevant stakeholders to
understand their goals, preferences, and aspirations.
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© Careskills Academy 2020
26. Complete the questions in the table below
What are barriers to communication?
How can you reduce these barriers?
Barriers to communication can impede the
effectiveness of interpersonal interactions and the
exchange of information between individuals. These
barriers can occur at various stages of the
communication process and can be influenced by
factors related to the sender, receiver, message, or the
communication environment. These are barriers to
communication.
Language
Barriers:
Cultural
Differences:
Psychological Barriers:
Reducing communication barriers involves adopting
strategies that promote effective and clear
communication, fostering understanding and mutual
respect among individuals.
Cultural Competence:
Develop cultural competence to understand and respect
diverse cultural norms, communication styles, and
preferences.
Clear and Concise Language:
Using clear and concise language to convey messages.
Avoid jargon, technical terms, or ambiguous language
that may lead to misunderstanding.
27. Complete the questions below about confidentiality
The Human Rights Act 1998, which protects the right to
respect for private and family life.
What legislation and regulations are
relevant to confidentiality?
The Care Act 2014, which sets out the principles and duties of
care and support for adults.
When you would need to pass information
on?
The Data Protection Act 2018 and the General Data
Protection
Regulation
(GDPR),
theon
processing
As a care worker,
i may
need towhich
pass regulate
information
to other
of
personal
data.
professionals or agencies for various reasons, such as
ensuring the safety and well-being of the person i care for,
Common
Lawcare
on confidentiality,
whichbenefits
is basedand
on services.
case law
coordinating
plans, or accessing
and professional codes of conduct.
Standard 7 Privacy and Dignity
Other laws that require or permit disclosure of confidential
information
in certain
as public health,
However, i also
have circumstances,
a duty to protectsuch
the confidentiality
of
safeguarding,
or
court
orders.
the person i care for and only share information that is
relevant and necessary for the purpos.
(7.1a, 7.1b, 7.1c, 7.3a, 7.3c, 7.3d, 7.5a, 7.5b, 7.5c, 7.5d)
28. How will you maintain the privacy and dignity of an individual when supporting them?
i will maintain the privacy and dignity of an individual i
Include them in everything that is being done and respect their choices and preferences i will
Provide cover by closing curtains, screens or doors when assisting them with personal care and
Not discuss their private issues with others without their consent or
Watch my body language and avoid expressions or gestures that might be disrespectful or intrusive
Administer medication discreetly and confidentially.
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29. Identify 2 situations where an individual’s privacy and dignity could be compromised, and how you
would stop this from happening
Situations that could arise
How I would stop this from happening
when a person is receiving personal care such as
bathing, dressing or toileting. This could make the
person feel embarrassed, exposed or violated.
I would stop this from happening,I should always
ask for the person's consent, close the curtains,
screens or doors, cover the person with a towel or
blanket and only expose the parts of the body that
need to be washed or dresss.
when they are reading, praying or meditating. This
could make the person feel intruded, annoyed or
disrespected.
To stop this from happening, I should always respect
the person's wishes,I knock on the door or speak
before i enter their room, and ask them if they need
anything or want some company.
30. How will you support an individual to make informed choices, without influence?
Supporting an individual to make informed choices without influence is a fundamental aspect of person-centered
care. Here are key principles and strategies to ensure individuals can make decisions autonomously
Respect Autonomy:
Recognize and respect the individual's right to make their own decisions. Understand that each person has
unique preferences, values, and priorities.
Provide Information:
Offer clear, accurate, and unbiased information about the options available. Present information in a format that
the
their
communication
andwith
any potential
barriers.
31.individual
How cancan
youunderstand,
enable an considering
individual to
maintain
positivepreferences
relationships
their family
and friends?
Encourage Questions:
Maintaining positive relationships with family and friends is crucial for overall well-being. Here are some
strategies to enable individuals to cultivate and sustain positive relationships:
Create an open and non-judgmental environment that encourages the individual to ask questions. Be
responsive to their inquiries and provide additional information as needed.
Effective
Communication:
Clarify Preferences:
Encourage
and honestpreferences
communication.
Understandopen
the individual's
and priorities. What matters to them? What are their values? This
information can guide decision-making and ensure choices align with their personal goals.
Actively listen to others, showing empathy and understanding.
Explore Alternatives:
Express thoughts and feelings clearly and respectfully.
Set Boundaries:
Discuss alternative options with the individual. Presenting a range of choices allows them to consider various
possibilities and select the option that best aligns with their preferences.
Page
12mutual
ofwith
30their
© Careskills
Establish
healthy
boundaries
to ensure
personal
space
respect.
the goal is
to empower
individuals
to make
choices
thatand
align
own values and preferences.
By Academy 2020
following these principles, care workers can help create an environment where individuals feel informed,
Clearly
communicate
boundaries
to avoid
misunderstandings.
supported,
and in control
of their own
decisions.
Quality Time:
Standard 8 Fluids and Nutrition
(8.1a, 8.1b, 8.1c, 8.1d)
32. What is the importance of Food Hygiene?
Food hygiene is crucial for several reasons, primarily related to safeguarding public health and preventing
the spread of foodborne illnesses. Here are some key reasons highlighting the importance of food hygiene:
Prevention of Foodborne Illnesses:
Proper food hygiene practices help prevent the contamination of food with harmful microorganisms such as
bacteria, viruses, and parasites. This, in turn, reduces the risk of foodborne illnesses.
Public Health and Safety:
Ensuring food hygiene is essential for protecting the health and safety of consumers. Contaminated food can
lead to a wide range of illnesses, some of which can be severe or even fatal.
33. What are the signs and symptoms of poor nutrition and hydration?
Compliance with Regulations
food hygiene is vital for protecting public health, ensuring the safety of the food supply, and maintaining the
trustnutrition
and confidence
of consumers.
individuals
handling
food
home
and
businesses
the food
Poor
and hydration
can haveBoth
a range
of negative
effects
onatthe
body.
Here
are someinsigns
and
industry play
a crucialwith
roleinadequate
in upholding
these standards.
symptoms
associated
nutrition
and hydration:
Signs and Symptoms of Poor Nutrition:
Weight Changes:
Unintended weight loss or gain may be indicative of nutritional deficiencies or imbalances.
Fatigue and Weakness:
Many countries and regions have strict regulations and guidelines regarding food safety and hygiene.
Adhering to these regulations is not only a legal requirement but also a responsibility to protect the
34.
How
canofyou
promote
good
hydration?
well-being
consumers.
Lack
of essential
nutrients
can
leadnutrition
to fatigue,and
weakness,
and a general lack of energy.
Maintaining
Pale
Skin: Reputation:
Promoting good nutrition and hydration involves encouraging and facilitating healthy eating and drinking
habits. Here are several strategies to promote good nutrition and hydration:
Businesses
in theoffood
such as restaurants,
and
food skin.
manufacturers, depend on a good
Insufficient
intake
iron industry,
or other nutrients
may result incafes,
pale or
sallow
reputation. A single incident of foodborne illness can significantly damage a business's reputation and lead
financial
1.toEducation
and
Awareness:
Hair
and Naillosses.
Issues:
Provide
education
onand
the brittle
importance
of anails
balanced
diet
andof
staying
hydrated.
Brittle
hair,
hair loss,
or ridged
can be
signs
nutritional
deficiencies.
RaiseWound
awareness
about the impact of nutrition and hydration on overall health and well-being.
Poor
Healing:
2. Access to Nutritious Foods:
Page
13 ofwounds
30 and injuries.
Inadequate nutrition can slow down the body's ability
to heal
© Careskills Academy 2020
EnsureProblems:
that individuals have access to a variety of nutritious foods, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains,
Dental
lean proteins, and dairy products.
3. Encourage Balanced Meals:
Standard 9 Awareness of Mental Health, Dementia and Learning Disability
(9.1a,9.1b, 9.1c, 9.2b, 9.3a, 9.4a, 9.4b, 9.5a, 9.5b, 9.6a, 9.6b, 9.6c)
35. Complete the questions in the table below
Mental Health Needs
e.g. Psychosis, Depression, Anxiety
How might an
individual feel if they
had the following
conditions?
Dementia
Learning Disability
Psychosis:
Dementia:
Learning Disability:
Individuals with psychosis
may experience a
disconnection from reality,
hallucinations, and
delusions.
Individuals with dementia
may experience memory
loss, cognitive decline,
and changes in
personality and behavior.
Individuals with learning
disabilities may face
challenges in acquiring
and using skills related to
reading, writing, math,
and communication.
They may feel confused,
frightened, or
overwhelmed by thoughts
that others may not
understand.
They may feel frustrated,
confused, and frightened
by their inability to
remember things.
Anxiety and fear of
judgment or harm are
Psychosis:
common.
Emotional ups and downs,
mood swings, and
periods of agitation can
Dementia:
occur.
They may experience
frustration, low
self-esteem, and a sense
of inadequacy.
Feelings of isolation and
difficulty in social
Learning Disability:
situations
may be
common.
Depression:
Educational Support:
Care Coordination:
Daily Living Support:
Tailored educational
Individuals with psychosis Assistance with activities
often require
coordinated
of daily living (ADLs) such plans to accommodate
Individuals
with
How might these
learning styles and
care involving
mental
as bathing, dressing, and
depression
often
challenges.
health professionals,
eating.
conditions influence
experience
persistent
physicians,
and
possibly
feelings of sadness,
their care needs?
Life Skills Training:
social services.and a lack
Cognitive Stimulation:
hopelessness,
Assistance in developing
Engaging
activities
that
of interest in activities.
essential life skills,
Medication Management: stimulate cognitive
including communication
Proper
administration
and
function
and
memory.
They may feel fatigued,
and social skills.
monitoring
have
troubleof antipsychotic
medications
may
be
Structured
Environment:
concentrating, and
Advocacy: Support in
crucial. with low
Creating a familiar and
struggle
advocating for the
structured
environment
to
self-esteem.
individual's needs within
Therapeutic Support:
reduce confusion.
educational and
Psychotherapy
and
Isolation and a sense of
community
counseling
can to
help
Medication
36. How can the Social Model
of
Disability
put positivity
into aManagement:
disabled person’s
life? settings.
being
a burden
others
individuals
manage
Some
medications
may
be
are common feelings.
Transition Planning:
symptoms, gain insight,
prescribed to manage
Planning for transitions,
and
develop
coping
symptoms
or
slow
the
Anxiety:
suchenvironmental
as from school to
The Social Model of Disability
is a framework that views disability
as a result of social and
strategies.
progression.
or independent
barriers rather than an inherent personal limitation. This model emphasizes the need towork
address
and remove
living.
these barriers to create a more
inclusive
and equitable
society. Adopting the Social Model
of Disability can
Crisis
Intervention:
In
bring positivity into a disabled
person's
lifeindividuals
in several
ways:
some
cases,
Anxiety
disorders
can lead
may
require crisis
to excessive
worry, fear,
intervention
services
and
apprehension.
during acute episodes.
Empowerment:
Physical symptoms such
Depression:
as
restlessness, muscle
tension, and difficulty
sleeping may be present.
The Social Model shifts the focus from the individual's impairment to the societal barriers they face. This shift
empowers disabled individuals
by validating
theiron
experiences and emphasizing their capacity to lead fulfilling
Therapeutic
Interventions:
Individuals
may
feel
lives when barriers are removed.
Psychotherapy,
edge, irritable, and may
counseling,
avoid
certainand
situations
Reduced Stigma:
cognitive-behavioral
that trigger anxiety
therapy are often
beneficial.
Page 14 of 30
© Careskills Academy 2020
By challenging the notion that
disability is
solely a medical problem, the Social Model helps reduce the stigma
Medication
Management:
associated with disabilities. ItAntidepressant
promotes the understanding that everyone has unique abilities and that
differences should be accepted
and celebrated.
medications
may be
prescribed and require
Inclusive Communities:
monitoring.
37. Describe the adjustments to care and support that can be made to help the individuals in the
scenarios below
Michael hasn’t been outside his house for a few months due to anxiety. He is very anxious about
travelling on a bus but needs to attend a hospital appointment in 2 weeks.
It's understandable that Michael's anxiety is impacting his ability to leave the house and travel on a bus. Here
are some suggestions to help him manage his anxiety and prepare for the upcoming hospital appointment
It's essential to approach this situation with empathy and understanding. Encourage Michael to take small
steps at his own pace, and recognize and celebrate his achievements along the way. If the anxiety persists or
worsens, seeking professional help is crucial for developing a tailored plan to address his specific concerns.
Sally gets confused about taking a shower in the mornings, and often refuses help because she is
convinced that she already has had a shower. Her personal hygiene has deteriorated.
Sally's confusion and refusal of help in maintaining personal hygiene could be indicative of various underlying
issues, including cognitive decline, dementia, or mental health concerns. It's essential to approach this
situation with sensitivity and explore strategies to address her needs.
It's crucial to involve healthcare professionals early on to assess Sally's overall well-being and provide
tailored recommendations for her specific situation. Working collaboratively with her and her support network
can help address her needs while maintaining her dignity and autonomy as much as possible.
Sam has communication difficulties and has become very withdrawn since she recently moved into
a shared house with 3 other people.
Sam's communication difficulties and withdrawal after moving into a shared house could be influenced by
various factors. It's essential to approach the situation with empathy and take steps to support her social
integration and well-being.
Building connections and overcoming communication difficulties may take time. It's important to involve Sam
in decisions that affect her, respect her autonomy, and create a supportive and understanding living
environment.
38. Describe how the following legislation and legal frameworks promote human rights and give equal
life chances to individuals with mental health issues, dementia or learning disabilities
Human Rights Act 1998
Data Protection Act 2018 and
the General Data Protection
Regulation
Care and Support Statutory
Guidance
The Human Rights Act 1998 has been a significant development in the
protection of human rights in the UK, providing a domestic legal
framework for individuals to enforce their rights more effectively. It has
played a crucial role in shaping legal decisions and ensuring that public
authorities respect the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals.
The GDPR and DPA 2018 work together to regulate the processing of
personal data in the UK, with the GDPR setting the overarching framework
and the DPA 2018 providing additional details and adaptations for
domestic application. Organizations operating in the UK must comply with
both pieces of legislation to ensure the lawful and ethical processing of
personal data.
the "Care and Support Statutory Guidance" refers to the guidance issued
by the government of the United Kingdom to accompany the
implementation of the Care Act 2014. The Care Act 2014 is a significant
piece of legislation in England that introduced reforms to the social care
system.
The "Care and Support Statutory Guidance" provides detailed information
and explanations
regarding
the provisions outlined in the
Care Act 2014.
It
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15 of 30
© Careskills
Academy
2020
aims to assist local authorities, health professionals, social care
practitioners, and other relevant stakeholders in understanding how the
law should be applied in practice.
Mental Capacity Act 2005
The Mental Capacity Act 2005 aims to empower individuals, respect their
autonomy, and provide a legal framework for making decisions on behalf
of those who lack capacity. It sets out clear principles and procedures to
guide decision-making, with a focus on promoting the best interests of the
individual.
The Act is underpinned by five key principles: (a) Every adult has the right
to make their own decisions unless proven otherwise. (b) Individuals
must be assumed to have capacity unless proven otherwise. (c)
Individuals should be supported to make their own decisions. (d) Any
decision
or action taken on behalf of an individual must be in their best
39. Complete the questions in the
table below
interests. (e) Actions taken or decisions made on behalf of an individual
should be the least restrictive option.
What do the following terms mean?
Capacity
Consent
Consent is a crucial concept in various fields,
including law, healthcare, ethics, and personal
relationships. The definition of consent can vary
slightly depending on the context, but at its core,
consent involves voluntary, informed, and
In each context, the definition of capacity is tailored to
unequivocal agreement or permission given by an
the specific area of interest, and it often involves
individual for a specific action, procedure, or
measuring or assessing the ability or capability of a
interaction.
system,
individual,
or
entity.
Why is it important to assume capacity, unless there
is evidence that the individual lacks capacity?
The term "capacity" has different meanings in various
contexts, and its definition may vary depending on the
field or discipline in which it is used.
is a fundamental
of respecting
Assuming capacity unless there is evidence to the contraryConsent
is a fundamental
principleaspect
in various
legal and
individual
ethical frameworks, particularly in the context of decision-making
andautonomy
consent. and personal boundaries. It is
crucial to ensure that consent is explicit, continuous,
and essential
based onto
a recognize
clear understanding
the relevant
While presuming capacity is a fundamental principle, it is also
situations of
where
evidence
information.
Consent
can be given
or withdrawn at
suggests that an individual may lack capacity. In such cases,
appropriate
assessments
and support
anybest
time,
and parties
should
mechanisms should be in place to safeguard the individual's
interests
whileinvolved
respecting
theiractively
rights and
communicate to maintain a consensual and respectful
dignity.
interaction.
Standard 10 Safeguarding Adults
(10.1a, 10.1c, 10.1d, 10.1e, 10.1f, 10.1g, 10.1h, 10.2a, 10.2e, 10.2f, 10.3a)
40. Explain what the following terms mean
Safeguarding
Harm
Restrictive Practices
Safeguarding is the process of protecting individuals, especially those
who are vulnerable or at risk, from harm, abuse, or neglect. It involves
taking steps to ensure their well-being, rights, and dignity are respected
and preserved.
Harm is any negative consequence, injury, damage, or adverse effect
that results in physical, emotional, financial, or other forms of loss or
suffering. It may be intentional or unintentional and can affect individuals,
groups, property, or well-being.
Restrictive practices involve interventions or measures that restrict an
individual's freedom of movement or autonomy, often for reasons related
to safety, behavior management, or risk reduction. These practices may
include physical restraints, seclusion, or the use of certain medications
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© Careskills Academy 2020
41. List the main types of abuse with their possible indicators
Type of Abuse
Physical Abuse:
Possible Indicators
Unexplained bruises, fractures, or injuries.
Inconsistent explanations for injuries.
Emotional/Psychological Abuse:
Signs of restraint, like rope marks on wrists.
Unexplained changes in behavior or personality.
Fearfulness or anxiety.
Sexual Abuse:
Social withdrawal and isolation.
Unexplained genital infections or injuries.
Low self-esteem.
Fear of specific people or places.
Neglect:
Sexualized
behavior
inappropriate
the individual's
Poor hygiene,
including
unwashed for
clothes
and body. age.
Malnutrition or dehydration.
Financial or Material Abuse:
Lack
of necessary
medical
care. in financial situations.
Unexplained
or sudden
changes
Unauthorized use of the individual's funds or property.
Verbal or Emotional Abuse:
Harsh criticism or constant belittling.
Humiliation or ridicule.
Digital or Cyber Abuse:
Social isolation or controlling behavior.
Unexplained changes in online behavior.
Threats or harassment through digital means.
Discriminatory Abuse:
Unauthorized
use of someone's
online
accounts.
Differential
treatment
based on race,
ethnicity,
gender, or other
characteristics.
Offensive language or behavior targeting specific groups.
Institutional Abuse:
Poor conditions
in care
facilities.
Exclusion
or isolation
based
on discriminatory beliefs.
Lack of privacy and dignity.
Self-Neglect:
Inadequate training and supervision of staff.
Poor personal hygiene.
Refusal of necessary medical treatment.
Inability to meet basic needs for food, shelter, and safety.
42. Why might the situations described below increase the likelihood of an individual experiencing
abuse and neglect?
Having a care service in their
own home
Being cared for in a residential
setting
The situation of having a care service in an individual's own home may
present unique challenges and considerations that could potentially
increase the likelihood of abuse and neglect. It's important to note that
not all care services in the home lead to abuse or neglect, and many are
provided with the highest standards of care. However, certain factors
associated with home care settings can contribute to increased
vulnerability.
Being cared for in a residential setting can, in certain situations, present
factors that may increase the likelihood of an individual experiencing
abuse and neglect. It's crucial to emphasize that many residential care
settings provide high-quality care, and the following considerations are
not universally applicable. However, certain conditions within residential
settings can contribute to an elevated risk of abuse and neglect. Here
are some reasons why this might be the case:
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© Careskills Academy 2020
Experiencing a mental health
issue
Having communication
difficulties
Experiencing a mental health issue can increase an individual's
vulnerability to various challenges, including the risk of abuse and
neglect. Mental health issues can impact a person's cognitive and
emotional functioning, making it important to consider their unique needs
and circumstances. Here are several reasons why individuals
experiencing mental health issues may be at an increased risk of abuse
Experiencing
and neglect: communication difficulties can pose unique challenges, and
individuals facing such challenges may be at an increased risk of abuse
and neglect. Communication difficulties can include speech and language
disorders, non-verbal communication challenges, cognitive impairments
affecting communication, or a combination of these factors. Here are
several reasons why individuals with communication difficulties may be
more vulnerable to abuse and neglect:
43. How can you help reduce risks and the likelihood of abuse in your role, and how can the complaints
procedure help with this?
Reducing risks and the likelihood of abuse is a critical aspect of various roles, especially those involving care,
support, or service provision. Here are ways you can contribute to risk reduction and how the complaints
procedure can play a crucial role in this process:
Reducing Risks and Likelihood of Abuse:
Promote a Positive and Respectful Environment:
Foster a culture of respect, dignity, and inclusivity within your role. Ensure that individuals are treated with
kindness and consideration, promoting a positive and supportive environment.
Implement Comprehensive Training:
44. What should you do if you suspect abuse, or witness a colleague using unsafe practice?
Participate in or provide training programs that educate staff, caregivers, or team members on recognizing and
preventing abuse. Training should cover topics such as communication, safeguarding principles, and ethical
conduct.
If you suspect abuse or witness a colleague using unsafe practice, it is crucial to take immediate and
Regular Monitoring
Supervision:
appropriate
action toand
ensure
the safety and well-being of those involved. Here are steps to follow:
Establish
forSafety:
regular monitoring and supervision to ensure that care practices align with policies and
1.
Ensure systems
Immediate
ethical standards. This helps identify and address any issues or concerns promptly.
If there is an immediate risk of harm, prioritize the safety of the individuals involved. If necessary, intervene to
Encourage
Open
Communication:
prevent
further
harm,
and call for emergency assistance if the situation requires it.
2. Report to a Supervisor or Manager:
Foster an
environment
individuals
feel comfortable
expressing
theirofneeds,
concerns,
or grievances.
Report
your
concerns towhere
a supervisor,
manager,
or someone
in a position
authority
within your
organization.
Encourage
open communication
with
serviceincluding
users and
colleagues,
makingsuch
it easier
to identify
andand
Provide
a detailed
account of what
youboth
observed,
any
relevant details,
as time,
location,
address potential
problems.
individuals
involved.
Implement
SafeguardingProtocols:
Policies and Procedures:
3.
Follow Organizational
Adhere to the established protocols and reporting procedures of your organization. Many organizations have
specific policies for reporting and addressing concerns related to abuse or unsafe practices. Follow these
Adhere to and
promote
safeguarding
policies and
procedures. Ensure that staff and team members are familiar
guidelines
to ensure
a proper
and documented
response.
with these policies, which should outline clear protocols for reporting and addressing abuse or neglect.
4. Document the Incident:
Ensure Informed Consent:
Document the incident as thoroughly as possible. Include details such as the date, time, location, individuals
involved, and a description of what you observed. This documentation can serve as crucial evidence in the
investigation process.
Obtain informed consent for all care procedures andPage
interventions.
and involve
18 of 30 Respect individuals' autonomy
© Careskills
Academy 2020
them
in decision-making
5.
Support
the Individualswhenever
Involved: possible. This helps prevent situations where actions may be perceived as
abusive due to a lack of understanding or consent.
If appropriate and within your role, provide support to the individuals who may have been affected by the
Promote This
Independence:
incident.
support may include offering a safe space, listening to their concerns, and connecting them with
appropriate resources, such as counseling services.
Standard 11 Safeguarding Children
(11.1)
45. Describe what your responsibilities are for Safeguarding children and young people, explaining any
further training that you need, if you directly support children
Responsibilities for Safeguarding Children and Young People:
Awareness and Vigilance:
Stay informed and vigilant about signs of abuse or neglect in children and young people.
Report and Document Concerns:
Report any concerns promptly to the designated safeguarding officer or relevant authority.
Document observations, incidents, and reports following organizational protocols.
Collaboration with Colleagues:
46. List the laws that protect children
Collaborate with colleagues to create a safe and supportive environment for children and young people.
Maintain Confidentiality:
Laws protecting children can vary by jurisdiction, but several international, national, and regional laws aim to
safeguard the rights and well-being of children. Here are some key international and national laws commonly
referenced in the context of child protection:
Handle information related to safeguarding with utmost confidentiality, sharing it only with authorized
individuals.
International
Laws: Training:
Attend
Safeguarding
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC):
Participate in regular safeguarding training to stay updated on best practices, legal requirements, and
organizational policies.
A comprehensive treaty that outlines the civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights of children. It sets
out the fundamental
rights
and protections that should be afforded to every child.
Promote
a Child-Centric
Approach:
Optional Protocols to the CRC:
Standard 12 Basic Life Support
Advocate for a child-centric approach, ensuring that the best interests of the child are prioritized in all decisions
(12.1)
and actions.
Optional Protocols address specific issues, such as the involvement of children in armed conflict and the sale
of children,
child
prostitution,
and child
pornography.
Supportive
47.
ExplainCommunication:
the Basic
Life Support
Training
that you should undertake for your workplace
National Laws (Examples from Various Countries):
Basic Life Support (BLS) training is essential for individuals in various workplaces to respond effectively in
United
States:
Foster
open
and supportive
communication
with children
young
people tofailure.
encourage
disclosure
and
emergency
situations,
especially
those involving
cardiac and
arrest
or respiratory
The specific
requirements
express
their
needs
and
concerns.
for BLS training can vary depending on the workplace and the industry. However, here is a general overview of
the components typically included in Basic Life Support training:
Engage with Families and Caregivers:
Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA):
1. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR):
Collaborate with families and caregivers to create a holistic support system for the child or young person.
Provides
funding
to states
to support
prevention,
assessment,
investigation,
prosecution, and treatment
Objective:federal
To train
individuals
in providing
CPR
to someone
experiencing
cardiac arrest.
activities related
to childRequirements:
abuse and neglect.
Compliance
with Legal
Components:
Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA):
Recognition of cardiac arrest.
Page 19 of 30
© Careskills Academy 2020
Adhere to legal requirements related to safeguarding and child protection.
Activation of emergency medical services (EMS).
Regulatestothe
online collection of personal information from children under 13.
Respond
Disclosure:
Chest compressions: Proper technique and depth.
United Kingdom:
48. What does Basic Life Support involve?
Basic Life Support (BLS) involves a set of emergency procedures designed to sustain life and provide
assistance to individuals experiencing cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, or other life-threatening emergencies.
The primary goal of BLS is to maintain vital functions, such as breathing and circulation, until advanced medical
care can be administered. Here are the key components of Basic Life Support:
1. Recognition of Emergency:
Objective: Identify signs of a life-threatening emergency.
Actions:
Assess the situation for safety.
Standard 13 Health and Safety
Determine if the person is unresponsive or not breathing normally.
(13.1a, 13.1d, 13.2a, 13.3a, 13.4b, 13.4c, 13.5a, 13.5c, 13.6b, 13.7a, 13.7b, 13.8a, 13.9a, 13.9b,
2. Activation of Emergency Response System:
13.9c)
49. Identify the legislation that relates to health and safety in your workplace
Objective: Initiate the process for professional medical assistance.
Actions:
As a healthcare worker, the legislation related to health and safety may vary based on your specific location
and
of your
healthcare
setting.
Below
aresomeone
examples
of common
Call the
for nature
emergency
medical
services
(EMS)
or ask
else
to do so. legislation that often relate to health
and safety in healthcare workplaces, but it's essential to check the specific laws applicable to your region:
Provide essential information to the dispatcher, including location and details of the emergency.
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (United Kingdom):
3. Checking for Responsiveness:
Relevance: Establishes the legal framework for ensuring the health and safety of people at work, including
healthcare
settings.whether the person is responsive.
Objective: Assess
Actions:
Tap the person and shout loudly to check for responsiveness.
4. Assessment of Breathing:
Objective: Determine if the person is breathing normally.
Actions:
50. What practical training, relating to Health and Safety, should you undertake before carrying out
Lookcertain
for chesttasks?
rise and fall.
Listen for breathing sounds.
Feel
for carrying
breath onout
your
cheek.
Before
certain
tasks, especially those that involve potential health and safety risks, individuals
should undergo practical training to ensure they have the knowledge and skills necessary to perform the tasks
5.safely.
Initiation
CPR (Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation):
Theofspecific
training requirements
will depend on the nature of the tasks and the industry or workplace
setting. Here are some examples of practical training related to health and safety that individuals may need
Objective:
Restore blood
circulation
before undertaking
specific
tasks: and oxygenation to vital organs.
Actions:
If1.the
personHandling
is unresponsive
Manual
Training:and not breathing normally, begin chest compressions.
Position
hands on
the center
of theorchest
and
perform
compressions at a rate of at least 100-120 compressions
Tasks: Lifting,
carrying,
pushing,
pulling
heavy
objects.
per minute.
Training Content:
6. Rescue Breaths:
Proper lifting techniques.
Objective: Provide artificial ventilation if the person is not breathing.
Risk assessment for manual handling tasks.
Actions:
Use of mechanical aids and equipment.
Give rescue breaths after every 30 compressions (in a ratio of 30:2).
2. First Aid Training:
Page 20 of 30
© Careskills Academy 2020
Ensure the chest rises with each breath.
Tasks: Providing immediate care in case of injuries or medical emergencies.
7. Use of Automated External Defibrillator (AED):
Training Content:
Objective: Administer electric shocks to restore normal heart rhythm (if available).
51. What are the risks involved in the following tasks, and how can you help manage them?
Risks
Managing the Risks
1. Supporting an individual to move in a hoist
Assess the individual’s needs, preferences and
abilities before using a hoist.
Injury to the individual’s skin, muscles, bones or
organs if the hoist or sling causes pressure, friction,
twisting or squeezing.
Choose the right type and size of hoist and sling for
the individual and the task.
Accidents involving the hoist equipment, such as
mechanical failure, entrapment, collison or fire.
Check the hoist and sling for any damage or wear
before each use.
2. from
Supporting
taking
Follow the manufacturer’s instructions and your
Falling
the hoistan
or individual
sling if theywith
are not
fittedtheir medication
employer’s policies and procedures for using a hoist.
properly or securely.
Administering the wrong medication, the wrong
Double-check medication orders, follow established
protocols,
and use
systematic
Ensure
dose, or at the wrong time can have serious
Communicate
with athe
individualapproach.
and any other
proper
consequences.
carers training
involvedfor
in caregivers
the hoistinginvolved
process.in medication
administration.
Individuals may have allergies or sensitivities to
specific medications.
Be aware of the individual's known allergies. Monitor
for signs of allergic reactions, such as rash, swelling,
or difficulty breathing.
3. Supporting an individual to deal with their soiled bed linen
Exposure to bodily fluids in soiled bed linen can pose
a risk of infection to both the individual and the
caregiver.
Dealing with soiled linens can be emotionally
challenging for individuals, impacting their dignity and
self-esteem.
Use appropriate personal protective equipment
(PPE), such as gloves and aprons, when handling
soiled linens.
Approach the task with sensitivity and respect for
the individual's privacy. Communicate openly, and
involve the individual in decisions about their care
whenever possible.
52. If there was an accident or sudden illness in the workplace, what would you do?
Responding to an accident or sudden illness in the workplace is crucial for ensuring the well-being of
individuals involved. Your actions may vary depending on the nature and severity of the incident, but here are
general steps to follow:
1. Assess the Situation:
Objective: Quickly assess the scene to ensure your safety and the safety of others.
Actions:
Check for any immediate hazards (e.g., fire, electrical hazards, chemical spills).
Ensure your own safety before approaching the scene.
2. Activate Emergency Services:
Objective: Call for professional medical assistance.
Actions:
Dial the emergency number (e.g., 911 in the United States) or follow the designated emergency protocol for
your location.
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© Careskills Academy 2020
Provide essential information: nature of the incident, number of people involved, and location.
3. Provide First Aid:
Objective: Administer immediate care to the injured or ill person.
53. Complete the questions in the table below
Once trained in Medication practice, what support duties can you carry out?
Once trained in medication practices, individuals may be authorized to perform various support duties related to
medication administration, under the supervision of qualified healthcare professionals. The specific tasks and
duties one can carry out depend on the level of training, local regulations, and the policies and procedures of
the healthcare facility.
Give 2 examples of Healthcare tasks that you are not allowed to perform
I am not allowed to assist, remind about or give individuals medication until i have completed the appropriate
training and passed it satisfactorily.
54. What security measures should be in place to protect you and the individuals you support
Implementing robust security measures is crucial to protect both you and the individuals you support in various
settings, including healthcare, social care, or other support services. The specific security measures may vary
based on the context and environment, but here are some general considerations:
1. Physical Security:
Access Control:
Use access control systems, such as key cards or electronic badges, to regulate entry to facilities and specific
areas.
55. Answer the following questions about Fire Safety
Implement secure locks on doors and windows.
Surveillance Systems:
What can you do in the workplace to prevent fires from starting or spreading?
Preventing fires in the workplace is crucial for the safety of employees, clients, and the overall facility. Here are
some measures i can take to prevent fires from starting or spreading in the workplace:
Install security cameras in strategic locations to monitor and record activities.
Ensure proper signage to indicate the presence of surveillance.
1. Fire Risk Assessment:
Alarm Systems:
Conduct a thorough fire risk assessment
to identify
and
risks in the workplace.
What should
you potential
do in thehazards
event of
a fire?
Regularly
review
andit's
update
thetoassessment
to reflect
in the
work environment.
In
the event
of a fire,
crucial
act quickly and
followchanges
established
emergency
procedures to ensure the
Utilize
systems
intrusion
fire,
or other
emergencies.
safetyalarm
of yourself
andfor
others
in thedetection,
workplace.
Here's
a step-by-step
guide on what to do in the event of a fire:
2. Employee Training:
Ensure prompt response and notification protocols.
Provide comprehensive fire safety training for all employees.
2.1.Data
Stay Security:
Calm:
Ensure that employees are familiar with emergency evacuation procedures, the location of fire exits, and the
propercalm
use and
of Measures:
fire
Confidentiality
Keep
tryextinguishers.
to think clearly.
3. Electrical
22 of 30
Avoid
panic, Safety:
as it can hinder your ability to respond Page
effectively.
Regularly
inspect
and maintain
electrical systems,
equipment, and wiring.
Train
staff
on
the importance
of maintaining
confidentiality.
2.
Alert
Others:
overloading
electrical
outlets
and circuits.
Use
secure
storage
forimmediately
sensitive
documents
and
information.
IfAvoid
you
discover
a fire,
activate
the
fire
alarm if available.
© Careskills Academy 2020
56. What are you allowed to do and NOT allowed to do in the event of an emergency where first aid is
required?
CAN do
CAN’T do
Assess the Scene:
Perform Procedures Beyond Your Training:
Check the scene for safety before approaching the
injured person.
Avoid performing procedures or interventions for which
you are not trained.
Ensure your safety and the safety of others before
providing assistance.
Stick to the scope of your first aid training.
Provide Medications Without Authorization:
Call for Professional Help:
Do not administer medications unless you are
Activate
emergency
medical
services
(EMS) by
specifically
and trained
do so. if you are
57.
Whatthe
are
the common
signs
and triggers
of stress,
and howauthorized
can you manage
thetosituation
calling the appropriate emergency number (e.g., 911 or
stressed
yourself?
local
emergency
services).
Respect the individual's prescribed medication plan.
Provide Initial Assessment:
Signs
Move an Injured Person Unnecessarily:
Triggers
I will manage by…
Stress can affect our emotions and we Feel under lots of pressure.
Strategies to Manage Stress:
may:
Conduct a quick initial assessment of the
person's
moving
person
unless there is an
Face
big changesAvoid
in your
life. an injured
Identify
and Acknowledge
condition.
immediate danger toStressors:
their safety.
Are worried about something.
Identify
life-threatening
emergencies, such as
Moving someone with certain injuries may worsen their
be
irritable,
angry or tearful
unresponsiveness, absence of breathing,
or severe
condition.
Don't
have much or
any control
bleeding.
over the outcome of a situation.
feel
worried, anxious, hopeless or
Reflect on the sources of stress in
Interrupt Professional
Help:
scared
your
life.
Administer Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
(CPR):
Have
responsibilities that you find
overwhelmingDon't have enough
struggle to make decisions, have
Acknowledge and accept that
work, activities or change in your
racing thoughts or feel
stress is a normal part of life.
Once professional help has arrived, avoid interrupting
overwhelmedThe physical symptoms life.
If stress
trained,include:
initiate CPR for individuals who are
or interfering with their
assessment
treatment.
of
Practice
Stress and
Reduction
unresponsive and not breathing.
Techniques:
Provide them with information and assistance as
Follow the recommended compression-to-ventilation
needed.
ratio andproblems,
chest compression
depth.
stomach
stress headaches
Assume Responsibilities
Your
Training:
Standard
information
and other 14
odd Handling
pains including
muscle
DeepBeyond
breathing
exercises
Use an Automated External Defibrillator (AED):
pain
(14.1a, 14.1b)
Meditation and mindfulness
skin reactions, like stress rashes and
not assume
responsibilities
that
go
beyond
your
58. Identify the key pieces of legislation that apply toDo
handling
information
and what
you
should
do to
hives
Progressive
muscle
relaxation
If an AED is available and you are trained to use it,
level of training and competence.
protect
an
individual’s
data.
follow
the
device's
feeling
dizzy,
sick orprompts
faint to administer defibrillation.
Yoga or tai chi
Follow established procedures and protocols.
Control Bleeding:
The laws that protect information
What I can do
to protect
information
Exercise
Regularly:
Neglect Scene Safety:
Key Legislation:
Confidentiality Policies and Procedures:
ApplyProtection
direct pressure
to control bleeding from wounds.
Data
Act 2018:
Engage in regular physical activity
Do not neglect your to
safety
or the
safety
of others.
reduce
stress
hormones.
Use dressings and bandages to cover and secure the
Develop and implement comprehensive
wound.
Assess
the scenepolicies
forChoose
potential
hazards
before
confidentiality
andactivities
procedures.
you
enjoy, such
This legislation governs the processing of personal data providing assistance.
as walking, jogging, or dancing.
Provide
Basicthat
First
Aid:
and
ensures
individuals
have control over their
Ensure that all staff are trained on and adhere to
personal information.
Ignore
theseConsent:
policies. Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle:
It outlines principles for fair and lawful processing,
Data Encryption:
Administer
basic first
aidminimization,
for injuries such
as burns,
purpose
limitation,
data
accuracy,
storage
fractures, integrity
or sprains.
limitation,
and confidentiality, and accountability. Always obtain consent
providing
first aid.
Eatbefore
a balanced
diet with
nutritious
foods.
Follow established
first aid
protocols(GDPR):
and guidelines.
General
Data Protection
Regulation
Respect
the individual's
right todata,
refuse
assistance.
Use
encryption
for sensitive
both
in transit
Page 23
of 30
© Careskills
Academy 2020
and at rest.
Get adequate sleep to support
Assist with Medications:
Perform Invasive Procedures:
overall well-being.
Protect electronic devices and systems with
GDPR is a European regulation that sets standards for
strong encryption Establish
methods. Boundaries:
the protection of personal data. It applies to
59. What security should be in place for records and why is it important to have secure systems?
Implementing robust security measures for records is crucial to safeguard sensitive information and maintain the
confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data. Here are key security measures that should be in place for
records, along with reasons why secure systems are important:
Security Measures for Records:
Access Controls:
Why: To restrict
access to records
only to authorized
personnel.
Standard
15 Infection
Prevention
and Control
(15.1a,
15.1e)controls, user authentication, and role-based permissions to ensure that only individuals with
How:15.1c,
Use access
the appropriate clearance can access specific records.
60. Complete the questions in the table below about Infection Control
Encryption:
The main way infections can enter the body is through a process known
as "entry
portals."orEntry
portals are pathways or openings through which
Why: To protect records from unauthorized
interception
access.
What is the main way an infection microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, gain
to the
bodyencryption
and causealgorithms
infection. The
humanunauthorized
body has various
How:
Encrypt
databody?
both in transit and ataccess
rest using
strong
to prevent
parties
can
get
into the
natural defenses to prevent or limit the entry of pathogens, but when
from reading or tampering with the information.
these defenses are breached, infections can occur
Audit Trails:
Your health and hygiene can pose a risk to the individuals you support if
proper precautions are not taken. As a healthcare or support worker, it's
How might your health and
crucial to be aware of and actively manage your own health to prevent
Why: To pose
track and
monitor
access to records,
facilitating
accountability
detection ofrisks.
any unauthorized
hygiene
a risk
to individuals
the spread
of infections
or other and
health-related
activities.
you
support?
It's essential to recognize the responsibility you have as a healthcare or
How: Implement audit trails that log usersupport
activities,
including
access, modifications,
and
deletions,
andhygiene
regularlyto
worker
in maintaining
your health and
practicing
good
review these logs for anomalies.
protect
the
well-being
of
the
individuals
you
support.
Adhering
to
Handling infected waste or soiled linen requires strict adherence to
established
protocols
and guidelines,
about
best
infection control
protocols
to minimizestaying
the riskinformed
of spreading
infections.
Data Backups:
practices, and prioritizing preventive measures contribute to creating a
How should you handle infected
safe
andfollow
healthy
environment.
Regular training
and by
education
Always
thecaregiving
specific policies
and procedures
established
your
waste or soiled linen?
on
infection
control
and
hygiene
practices
are
also
essential
components
workplace or healthcare facility regarding the handling and disposal of
of
maintaining
aand
high
standard
ofThese
care. guidelines may vary depending on
infected
wastecorruption,
soiled
linen.
Why: To prevent data loss due to accidental
deletion,
or
cyberattacks.
the nature of the contamination and local regulations. Regular training
on infection
practices
is essential
for the
healthcare
andprocess
support to
How: Regularly back up records and store
backups control
in secure
offsite locations.
Test
restoration
ensure data can be recovered in case ofworkers
a loss. to ensure the safety of both the workers and the individuals they
Assessment for Written Questioning
support.
Firewalls
and
Intrusion
Detection
Systems:
Standard
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Questions
1-6
7-9
10-14
15-17
18-22
23-27
2831
32-34
35-39
40-44
45-46
47-48
49-57
58-59
60
Questions
requiring
actions
learner access and cyber threats.
Why: To protect
records
fromby
unauthorized
How: Use firewalls to monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic. Deploy intrusion detection
systems to identify and respond to potential security incidents.
Assessor Feedback
Secure Physical Storage:
Why: To protect physical records from theft, damage, or unauthorized access.
How: Store physical records in secure, access-controlled areas. Implement measures such as surveillance,
locks, and
visitor logs to enhance physical security. Assessor signature
Assessor
name
User Training and Awareness:
Page 24 of 30
© Careskills Academy 2020
Why: To reduce the risk of human error and enhance security awareness.
How: Provide regular training to staff on security policies and procedures. Raise awareness about the
Health and Care Worker Review, part 1
This review can replace the Care Worker’s first supervision meeting. Discussion is required for the criteria
listed below and if satisfactory the learner can be marked as competent and knowledgeable.
(1.1a, 1.2a/c, 1.2f, 1.3a, 1.4d, 2.2a/b, 2.2f, 3.5d/e, 5.1b, 5.4b/c, 5.6d, 6.4a, 7.2d, 7.4d, 7.6b/c, 8.2/3e,
9.3b, 10.1b/c/k, 10.2b, 13.1e, 13.2/3/5/8b 14.1d)
The learner has been given a copy of their job description
The learner can:
Describe their main duties and responsibilities
Yes
No
(√)
Explain their role in Safeguarding
Explain the importance of working in agreed ways
Explain what to do if they spot an error
Explain what confidentiality means in their role
Explain the security measures for visitors entering the workplace
Explain the importance of person-centred care
How their own views can impact on an individual
Explain what they can’t do until they have completed full Moving and Handling training
Explain the Healthcare tasks that they can’t perform
Explain how they would discuss concerns in a team meeting
Ask the learner to explain how they would report concerns about the following:
An individual’s unmet needs
(√)
An individual’s spiritual and emotional wellbeing
Confrontation in the workplace
Agreed ways of working
Health and Safety risks
The learner can explain where they would get advice about the following:
Health and Safety
(√)
Safeguarding
Resolving Conflicts
The learner has the required level of literacy, numeracy and
Yes
communication skills to carry out their role
If the answer to the above is ‘No’ they have been supported to access help
Yes
with these skills
If the answer to the above is ‘No’ explain the reasoning for this
Page 25 of 30
No
No
© Careskills Academy 2020
Health and Care Worker Review, part 2
Development Plan.
(2.1b, 2.1d, 2.1e, 2.2c, 2.2h, 2.2g)
To be completed by the Learner
What has your learning and development experience been like so far?
It's provide me a foundation of knowledge and skills needed for my job,helping me to provide better care for my
patients.I have ability to complete any task to a good standard can make my facility better.
Is there anything that you are not sure about, where you need further explanation or guidance?
No, it's give me complete information.
What are your long term professional goals and aspirations?
My long term professional goals and aspiration to be a good health carrer.
To be completed by the learner and their line manager together
Learning and Development Aims
Timescale for achievement
Date of Review
Line Manager name
Line Manager signature
Page 26 of 30
© Careskills Academy 2020
Observations of Practice
1. Basic Life Support
(The following observation is permitted as a simulation exercise during First Aid practical training and the
learner should be signed off as competent by a qualified First Aid Trainer)
Standard: 12.1
(√)
Demonstrated how to perform Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Comments:
Date:
Trainer name
Trainer position
Trainer signature
2. Communication and Support
(This observation can be carried out when making any of the other required observations)
Standards: 1.1c, 1.4c, 4.2b, 5.6b, 5.6c, 5.7a, 6.5a, 6.6a, 6.6b, 7.2a, 7.2d, 7.6c, 14.1c
Agreed ways of working demonstrated
Demonstrated good partnership working e.g. with nursing team, family, carers
Interaction with the individual/s was respectful of their preferences
Attitude and behaviour promoted individual/s emotional and spiritual wellbeing
Person-centred values demonstrated
Demonstrated good use of verbal communication e.g. tone, position, volume
Demonstrated good use of non-verbal communication e.g. eye contact, body language, pictures,
signs
Ensured that any communication aids/technologies were clean and working e.g. hearing aids
Knew how to report any concerns about the plan of care and support to the appropriate person
Maintained appropriate confidentiality and respected privacy
All records current, complete, accurate and legible
Comments:
Date:
Observer name
Observer position
Observer signature
Page 27 of 30
(√)
© Careskills Academy 2020
3. Nutrition and Hydration
Standards: 8.2a, 8.2b, 8.2c, 8.2d, 8.3a, 8.3b, 8.3c, 8.3d, 8.3e
Drinks left in easy reach
Drinks refreshed regularly
Drinks offered in accordance with Care Plan
Support and encouragement to drink given
Nutritional products left within easy reach
Food provided at appropriate temperature for individual to eat
Appropriate utensils provided for individual to eat with
Support and encouragement to eat given
Knew how to report any concerns to the relevant person, regarding nutrition and hydration
Comments:
Date:
Observer name
Observer position
Observer signature
4. Moving and Handling
Standards: 5.3a-b, 5.5a-d, 5.6c, 7.2a-b, 7.4a, 7.6a, 8.3e, 10.1j, 13.3c, 14.1c, 15.1b
Suitable clothing and footwear worn
Knowledgeable in the Care Plan and Risk Assessment for moving the individual
Washed hands, ensuring own cleanliness and hygiene prior to move
Environment prepared adequately and discomfort or distress minimised for the individual
Moving equipment safe, clean and checked for good working order
Appropriate assistance in place i.e. 2nd person for hoist use
Consent gained from individual for the move
Individual encouraged to contribute to the moving process; their independence maximised
Comfort of the individual checked throughout the move
Communicated well throughout the move, including any coordination with a 2 nd person
Dignity and privacy respected throughout the move
Environment restored correctly after the move
Any issues or concerns discussed and reported appropriately
All records current, complete, accurate and legible
Comments:
Date:
Observer name
Observer position
Observer signature
Page 28 of 30
(√)
(√)
© Careskills Academy 2020
5. Medication
Standards: 5.4c, 5.5c, 7.6c, 8.3e, 13.5c, 13.6b, 14.1c, 15.1b
Demonstrated good hand hygiene
Knowledgeable in the Care Plan and Risk Assessment for the individual’s medication
Gained consent from the individual to support with medication
Prepared adequate aids required by the individual to take their medication
PRN offered to the individual, if appropriate to do so
Ensured working area was prepared correctly for medication support
Checked information on the MAR and medication labels matched correctly
Correct medication was given at the correct time to the individual
Medication administration recorded correctly on the MAR; PRN record completed, if
appropriate
Able to explain what to do if there are any medication errors
Medication returned to agreed storage facilities
Comments:
Date:
Observer name
Observer position
Observer signature
(√)
Mandatory Training
The following mandatory training courses have been completed by the learner and they have
been given the required knowledge, understanding and practical skills for these subjects:
(√)
Moving and Handling
Medication Practice
Safeguarding Adults
Safeguarding Children (if required)
Infection control
Food Hygiene
Fire Safety
First Aid
Other mandatory subjects required by the organisation (please list, if applicable):
Date:
Line Manager name
Line Manager position
Line Manager signature
Page 29 of 30
© Careskills Academy 2020
Online Knowledge Assessment
Assessors Guidance: learner’s must score 80% to pass their online assessment. If less than 80% is
scored then the learner should retake. As questions are mapped to criteria if less than 100% is scored
then knowledge gaps can be identified in the learner analytics, See Careskills User Guide page 24.
Retake Required
Discussion with line manager to complete knowledge gaps
Learner competent in knowledge required
Comments:
Completion
Score:
Yes
Yes
Yes
Date:
Line Manager name
Line Manager position
Line Manager signature
____%
No
No
No
Completion of the Care Certificate
Learner Declaration
(√)
I have completed the written questions and confirm it is my own work
✔
I have completed my online training and assessment for the care certificate
✔
I have completed the required mandatory training for my role
✔
Date:
9/11/2023
Learner position
Learner name
Shahnaz Naseer
Learner signature
Shahnaz
Registered Manager Declaration
(√)
The learner has completed and achieved the required criteria for the Care Certificate
The learner has completed the required mandatory training for their role
The learner is competent to carry out their role and responsibilities
The learner has successfully achieved the Care Certificate
Date:
Manager name
Manager position
Manager signature
Page 30 of 30
© Careskills Academy 2020