Short essay sẽ là câu hỏi nhận định về tình trạng hiện tại của 1 trong 4 nhân tố kinh tế
(K, H, R, T) HOẶC có thể các nhân tố phi kinh tế nói chung của Việt Nam, CÙNG VỚI
giải pháp thúc đẩy nhân tố để có lợi cho tăng trưởng Việt Nam trong dài hạn.
A challenging external environment and weaker domestic demand is
leading to a slowdown in economic growth in Vietnam. But the economy will
pick up pace over the second half of this year, and the following years,
according to the World Bank’s latest economic update entitled “Making
Public Investment Work for Growth”.
The report shows that Vietnam’s economic growth slowed from 8% in 2022
to 3.7% in the first half of 2023. It forecasts a moderate growth of 4.7% in
2023, gradually accelerating to 5.5% in 2024 and 6.0% in 2025. A proactive
fiscal policy supporting short-term demand, removing barriers to the
implementation of public investment, and addressing infrastructure
constraints can help the economy achieve these targets and promote longterm growth.
“Vietnam’s economy is being tested by internal and external factors. To
boost economic growth, the government can support aggregate demand
through effective public investments, thereby creating jobs, and stimulating
economic activity,” said Carolyn Turk, World Bank Country Director for
Vietnam. “Beyond short-term support measures, the government should
not lose sight of structural institutional reforms – including in the energy and
banking sectors – as they are imperative for long-term growth”.
The report suggests policy options to get the economy back on track.
Effectively implementing the 2023 investment budget can stimulate
aggregate demand and economic growth. On exports, the report suggests
diversifying product offerings and export destinations to build medium-term
resilience against external shocks. At the same time, fiscal policy can play
a stronger role in incentivizing green practices and consumption, ultimately
contributing to environmental sustainability.
The report’s special chapter studies Vietnam’s public investment
management and how it can contribute to the goal of climbing the income
ladder. To harness the power of public investment, the report recommends
that Vietnam sustain its level of investment, improve the quality of the
proposed project, and address deficiencies in public investment
management and inter-governmental fiscal institutions.
Vietnam has been a development success story. Economic reforms since
the launch of Đổi Mới in 1986, coupled with beneficial global trends, have
helped propel Vietnam from being one of the world’s poorest nations to a
middle-income economy in one generation. Between 2002 and 2022, GDP
per capita increased 3.6 times, reaching almost US$3,700. Poverty rates
(US$3.65/day, 2017 PPP) declined from 14 in 2010 to 3.8 percent in 2020.
Thanks to its solid foundations, the economy has proven resilient through
different crises. Economic growth is projected to reach 4.7% in 2023 due to
the moderation of domestic demand and the challenging external
environment, and gradually accelerating to 5.5% in 2024 and 6.0% in
2025[MM1] [NHN2] .
Growing at 2.5 to 3.5 percent per year over the past three decades, the
agriculture sector has supported economic growth and ensured food
security. It contributed 13 percent of GDP and 29 percent of employment in
2021.
Health outcomes have improved along with rising living standards. Infant
mortality rates fell from 32.6 per 1,000 live births in 1993 to 16.7 in 2020.
Life expectancy rose from 70.5 to 75.5 years between 1990 and 2020.
Vietnam’s universal health coverage index is at 73—higher than regional
and global averages—with 87 percent of the population covered by the
national health insurance scheme.
Vietnam’s average duration of (learning-adjusted) schooling is 10.2 years,
second only to Singapore among the Association of Southeast Asian
Nations (ASEAN) countries. Its human capital index is 0.69 out of a
maximum of one, the highest among lower middle-income economies.
Access to infrastructure services has increased dramatically. As of 2019,
99.4 percent of the population used electricity as their main source of
lighting, up from just 14 percent in 1993. Access to clean water in rural
areas has also improved—up from 17 percent in 1993 to 51 percent in
2020.
Vietnam has grown bolder in its development aspirations, aiming to become
a high-income country by 2045. Vietnam also aims to grow in a greener,
more inclusive way, and has committed to reducing methane emissions by
30 percent and halting deforestation by 2030 while achieving net zero
carbon emissions by 2050.
A few megatrends are shaping the future of Vietnam. The country’s
population is rapidly aging and global trade is declining. Environmental
degradation, climate change, and the rise of automation are growing. The
impacts of the COVID-19 crisis presented unprecedented challenges that
might undermine progress towards development goals.
To rise to these challenges, Vietnam needs to dramatically improve its
performance to implement policies particularly in finance, environment,
digital transformation, poverty/social protection, and low-carbon
infrastructure. Adapting to climate impacts and pursuing a growth strategy
that steers the economy away from carbon-intensive production will help
the country achieve its climate objectives while expanding its GDP per
capita by around six percent a year – the average rate needed to become a
high-income country by 2045.
Last Updated: Apr 14, 2023
https://vietnamcredit.com.vn/news/overview-of-vietnams-humanresources_14881#:~:text=Among%20the%20labor%20force%20in,economically%20i
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https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/vietnam-stands-high-on-human-capital-index4163357.html
https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/Vietnam/Natural_resources_income/#:~:text=Inc
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