CHAPTER 19
LEADERSHIP
AND PUBLIC
REL ATIONS
LEADERSHIP
AUTHORS HAVE VARIOUS MEANINGS TO
LEADERSHIP
• JOHN P. KOTTER in his book entitled,
“What Leaders Really do.”
• PATRICIA D. WITHERSPOON in her book
“Communicating Leadership; An
Organizational Perspective”
• DAVID J. CHERRINGTON to his book, “The
Management of Human Resources”
Timothy J. Stoner, Richard Austin
Freeman and Paul D. Gilbert Jr.
• Managerial Leadership is defined as “the
process of directing and influencing the
task-related activities of group
members.”
• Leadership consists the leader and the
followers.
IMPORTANT IMPLICATIONS OF THE DEFINITION BY
STONER, FREEMAN AND GILBERT:
• All leadership becomes irrelevant without the
people to lead.
• Power distribution between leaders and group
members is unequal.
• Leadership involves the use of different forms
of power to influence the behavior of
followers.
• Leadership is about values.
LEADERSHIP
POWER
THREE TYPES OF LEADERSHIP POWER
1.Coercive power
-Followers follow out of fear;
they are afraid of what might happen
to them if they don’t do what they
are asked to do.
2. Utility power- Followers follow because
of the benefits that come to them if they
do. The power in the relationship is based
on the useful exchange of goods and
services.
3. Principle- centered power -“Leaders are
leaders only as long as they have the
respect and loyalty of their followers.”Hans Selye, the author of Stress Without
Distress.
1. COERCIVE- FEAR
2. UTILITY- FAIRNESS
3. PRINCIPLE-CENTERED- HONOR
NATURE OF
LEADERSHIP
ACCORING TO RICHARD M. STEERS,
WE SHARED BASIC PERSONALITY
TRAITS:
• Inspirer
• Achiever
• Initiative
• Persistence
• Good Communicator
LEADERSHIP
THEORIES
1.The Great Man Theory
-leadership is
learnable
.
2. THE TRAIT THEORY
•individual characteristics
leaders should pursue to lead
effectively
3. THE SKILLS THEORY
•practical skills rather than
general qualities of a
leader.
4. STYLE THEORY
THE TWO MAJOR STYLES OF LEADERSHIP:
1. Task-oriented leadership – task performed (is the
process getting things done through people.)
2. People- oriented leadership- interpersonal
relationship (process of influencing others.)
MINOR STYLES OF LEADERSHIP:
3. Autocratic- He is the who tells people
what to do. He is the ruler and no one will
have the power to break he implemented
rules.
4. Laissez- Faire- Let learners do as they
choose. There is no leadership at all.
Minimum direction and maximum freedom is
allowed for the group to make decision or
majority wins.
5. Democratic- leaders or
teachers consult with the learners
on proposed actions and decisions
and encourages participation on
them.
6. Benevolent- Autocrat
7. Liberal or Free-rein Leader
5. THE SITUATIONAL
THEORY
• the leader
should change.
6. The Contingency
Theory
• change the
leader.
7. The Transactional
Theory
• people will follow based
on the incentives(rewards
and punishment).
8. The Transformational
Theory
• transforming the environment
and relationship. Cultivating
followership rather than paying
for it or punishing for noncompliance.
9. The Leader-Member
Theory
• fair exchange between the
leader and the member that
creates an in-group and outgroup with respect to the
leader.
10. The Servant Theory
• serving rather than served.
People follow out of love and
gratitude rather than out of
compulsion and fear.
The Traits of a
Leader
S…T…R…O…N…G
S…T…R…O…N…G
1.
Steadfast- a good leader must be steadfast,
strong in character, able to withstand
difficulties that may come along his way,
disposed to defend what is right at all times,
firm in matters of principle and humble enough
to give in on matters of opinion.
.
S…T…R…O…N…G
2.
Trustworthy- a good leader is true to his
word, consistent in deeds, reliable in the
commitments he makes, prudent in his speech,
and capable of keeping the trust and
confidence of others. The root of
trustworthiness is honesty.
S…T…R…O…N…G
3.
Respectful- a good leader must be mindful
of feelings and sentiments, able to accept in
individual differences, and sensitive to the
refinements of various people lifestyles.
S…T…R…O…N…G
4.
Open- Minded- being open-minded means
.
considering the opinions of other people and
seeing these opinions as guides in becoming a
better leader.
S…T…R…O…N…G
5.
Noble- concerned about his followers to the
.
extent of self-forgetfulness and transparent in
everything he does. He means what he says
and says what he means. The spirit of service
must be his prime goal as a leader.
S…T…R…O…N…G
6.
Gutsy- a good leader must be firm in his
.
convictions, stable in his actions, willing to take
risks and determined to do what he has to do
without qualms.
FUNCTIONS OF
LEADERSHIP
1.HUMAN LEADERSHIP
•
this refers to the extent to which the
school leader can be supportive,
fosters participation, enhances staff
commitment and satisfaction, and
encourages positive interpersonal
relationship among the staff.
2. STRUCTURAL LEADERSHIP
•
this refers to the extent to which the
school leader thinks clearly and
logically, develops clear school goals
and policies, hold school members
accountable for results, and provides
technical support to plan, organize,
coordinate, and implement policies in
the school.
3.MANAGEMENT OF TRUST
•
educational leaders should behave in
a such way that others strongly
believe them and their styles of
leadership do not become
controversial or debatable issues.
4.MANAGEMENT OF SELF EFFECTIVE
•
educational leaders should
have an accurate inventory
of their own strengths and
weakness.
ON PUBLIC
RELATIONS
• Public relations are needed not only in
employment, but in in the family, in the
school, in the church, all aspects of lifein the community, and in all places
where there are people.
• The essence of public relations is getting
along with people. Perhaps we can
assume that one of the indicators of
good public relations is good character.
TEN COMMANDMENTS
OF HUMAN
RELATIONS
1. Speak graciously to people. It is nice to say a
cheerful greeting.
2. Smile to people. While it takes 65 muscles to
frown, only 15 muscles to smile.
3. Call people by name. The sweetest melody to
anybody’s ear is the sound of his name.
4. Be friendly and cheerful. Be friendly and
cheerful among your friends. Cheerfulness
promotes a pleasant relationship.
5. Be cordial. Speak and act with utmost
sincerity. A cordial gesture invigorates the heart.
6. Be genuinely interested in people. It is a nice feeling to be
genuinely interested in people in all walks of life.
7. Be generous with praise, be cautious with criticism. You
make friends with praise, enemies with criticism.
8. Be considerate with the feelings of the others.
Understanding the feelings of others is usually appreciated.
9. Be thoughtful of the opinion of others. Always remember
that there are three sides of controversy—yours, the other
fellow’s and right one.
10. Be alert to give service to others. What counts most in
life is what one does for others.
One must also possess desirable
socially accepted values so that he can
live harmoniously with others.
As long as people live and interact with
people in any kind of society, they have
to maintain some kind of relationship in
order to carry on their daily activities
cooperatively and harmoniously.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING….