QUESTREVI EW CENTER 1550EspanaBl v d.Cor .LacsonAv e. , Sampal oc, Mani l a NOTESONCRI MEDETECTI ONANDI NVESTI GATI ON O M .C ORGANI ZEDCRI MEI NVESTI GATI ON( PRC) 1.Concept s, nat ur e, andat t r i but esofor gani zedcr i me; 2.Ki nds, or i gi n, andmodesofoper at i onsOC; 3.Tr ansnat i onal orbor der l esscr i mes; 4.Ki dnappi ngandt er r or i sm; 5.Cy ber / Technol ogycr i mes; 6.Or gani zedsy ndi cat es; 7.I nt er nat i onal andnat i onal l aws, decr ees, t r eat i esandst at ut es. M CDI 4:ORGANI ZEDCRI MEI NVESTI GATI ON FO R U ConceptofOr gani zedCr i me - Or gani zedCr i meposesadi r ectt hr eatt onat i onalandi nt er nat i onalsecur i t yandst abi l i t y , andcont i nuesaf r ont alat t ackonpol i t i calandl egi sl at i v eaut hor i t y .Or gani zedcr i mes di sr uptandcompr omi sesoci alandeconomi ci nst i t ut i ons, t huscausi ngal ossoff ai t hi n democr at i cpr ocess. VI SI T PD FB O O KS WHATI SORGANI ZEDCRI ME? - Anor gani zedcr i mi nalgr oupshal lmeanast r uct ur edgr oupoft hr eeormor eper sons, exi st i ngf oraper i odoft i meandact i ngi nconcer twi t ht heai m ofcommi t t i ngoneor mor eser i ouscr i mesorof f encesi nor dert oobt ai n, di r ect l yori ndi r ect l y , af i nanci al or ot hermat er i al benef i t - ( UN, PALERMOI TALY, 2000) - Al li l l egalact i v i t i es engaged i n bymember s ofcr i mi nalsy ndi cat es oper at i v es t hr oughoutt he Uni t ed St at es and al li l l egalact i v i t i es engaged i n by known associ at esandconf eder at esofsuchmember s.( U. SDepar t mentofJust i ce) - Gr oup act i v i t i es oft hr ee ormor e per sons,wi t h hi er ar chi call i nks orper sonal r el at i onshi ps,whi chper mi t st hei rl eader st oear npr of i t sorcont r olt er r i t or i esor mar ket s,i nt er nalorf or ei gn,bymeansofv i ol ence,i nt i mi dat i onorcor r upt i on,bot hi n f ur t her anceofcr i mi nal act i v i t yandt oi nf i l t r at et hel egi t i mat eeconomy . - anyent er pr i seorgr oupofper sonsengagedi nacont i nui ngi l l egalact i v i t ywhi chhas asi t spr i mar ypur poset hegener at i onofpr of i t sandcont i nuanceoft heent er pr i se r egar dl essofnat i onal bor der s.( I NTERPOL, accor di ngt oP. J.Ry anandG. E.Rush) - anygr ouphav i ngsomemanneroff or mal i zedst r uct ur eandwhosepr i mar yobj ect i v e i st oobt ai nmoneyt hr oughi l l egal act i v i t i es( FBI , accor di ngt oH.Abaddi nsky ) - Pl annedcommi ssi onofcr i mi nalof f enses,det er mi nedbyt hepur sui tofpr of i tand power , i nv ol v i ngmor et hant woper sonsov erapr ol ongedori ndef i ni t eper i odoft i me, usi ngacommer ci alorbusi nessl i censescheme, v i ol ence, and/ ori nt i mi dat i on.( BKA, Ger many —BUNDESKRI MI NALAMT) - I sanycr i mecommi t t edbyaper sonoccupy i ng,i naest abl i sheddi v i si onofl abor ,a posi t i ondesi gnedf ort hecommi ssi onofcr i mespr ov i di ngt hatsuchdi v i si onofl abor i ncl udesatl eastoneposi t i onf orcor r upt er ,oneposi t i onf orcor r upt ee,andone posi t i onf oranenf or cer ( FBI ) ForOr gani zedGr oupt oWor kusual l yi thasatl eastt hef ol l owi ng: 1.ANENFORCER 2.ACORRUPTER 3.ACORRUPTEE ANENFORCER t heonewhomakesf ort hear r angement sf ort heki l l i ng( i nj ur i ngorcar r y i ngoutt het ask phy si cal l y , economi cal l yorpsy chol ogi cal l y )t hemember sornonmember s. O M ACORRUPTER -t heonewhocor r upt sorbr i bes, i nt i mi dat eort hr eat ens, negot i at eor“ sweett al ks”i nt oa r el at i onshi pwi t hpubl i cof f i ci al s,l aw enf or cementof f i cer ,orany onewhowoul dbeofhel pi n obt ai ni ngsecur i t yandi mmuni t yf r om possi bl ear r est , pr osecut i onandpuni shment s. U M .C ACORRUPTEE -apubl i cof f i ci al s,l awenf or cementof f i cer sorany bodywhonotamemberoft heor gani zat i on whocanhel pst heor gani zat i on Scal eofOr gani zedCr i mi nal O KS FO R CHARACTERI STI CSOFORGANI ZEDCRI MES I ti saconspi r acyact i v i t yi nv ol v i ngcoor di nat i onofmember s. Economi cgai ni st hepr i mar ygoal . Economi cgoal i sachi ev edt hr oughi l l egal means. Empl oy spr edat or yt act i cssuchasi nt i mi dat i on, v i ol enceandcor r upt i on. Ef f ect i v econt r ol ov ermember s, associ at esandv i ct i ms. Or gani zedcr i mesdonoti ncl udet er r or i st sdedi cat edt opol i t i cal change. SI T PD FB O ATTRI BUTESOFORGANI ZEDCRI MES 1.Hasnopol i t i cal goal 2.I shi er ar chi cal 3.Hasal i mi t edorexcl usi v emember shi p 4.Const i t ut eauni quesubcul t ur e 5.Per pet uat esi t sel f 6.Exhi bi t sawi l l i ngnesst ousei l l egal v i ol enceandbr i ber y 7.Demonst r at esspeci al i zat i on/di v i si onofl abor 8.I smonopol i st i c 9.I sgov er nsbyexpl i ci tr ul esandr egul at i ons VI 1.HasnoPol i t i calGoal s Or gani zedcr i mei sbasi cal l ymot i v at edbymoneyandpower .I ti snotsoci al doct r i nenei t herpol i t i calbel i efnori deol ogi calconcer nst hatmot i v at edl eader sand member soft heor gani zedcr i megr oups. Pol i t i cali nv ol v ementmaybepar tofi t s act i v i t i esf ort hepur poseofgai ni ngpr ot ect i onf ori t si l l egal act i v i t i es. 2.Hi er ar chi cal Anor gani zedcr i mehasav er t i calpowerst r uct ur ewi t hatl eastt hr ee( 3)r anks.The aut hor i t yi si nher enti nt heposi t i onanddoesnotdependonwhohappenst obeoccupy i ngi tat anygi v ent i me. 3.Li mi t edorExcl usi v eMember shi p Thecr i t er i asuchaset hni cbackgr ound,r ace,ki nshi p,cr i mi nalr ecor dandot hersi mi l ar consi der at i onseemst obet hebasi sf ormember shi pi nanor gani zedcr i megr oup. Sponsor shi pbyar anki ngmember sandbehav i orchar act er i st i csal sopl ay si mpor t ant f act or sf orr ecr ui t mentsuchasbutnotl i mi t edt o:wi l l i ngnesst ocommi tcr i mi nalact , f ol l owt he r ul esandr egul at i onsandsecr ecyi nt heor gani zat i on. 4.Const i t ut eauni quesubcul t ur e Member s oft he or gani zed cr i me gr oup consi der ed t hemsel v es di st i nctf r om t he conv ent i onalsoci et y .Theyl ookatt hesoci et yas“ weakand st upi d”and t r eatt hem wi t h der i si onsi fnotcont empt ,andt her ef or enotsubj ectt oi t sr ul es.Thi si ssomet i mesr ef er r edt o as“ t heunder wor l d” . M .C O M 5.Per pet uat esi t sel f Anor gani zedcr i mi nalgr oupconst i t ut esanongoi ngcr i mi nalconspi r acydesi gnedt o per si stt hr ought i me; t hati s, bey ondt hel i f eoft hecur r entmember shi p.I nor derf ort hegr oupt o sur v i v e,i tmusthav eani nst i t ut i onal i zedpr ocessf ori nduct i ngnew member sandi ncul cat i ng t hem wi t ht hev al uesandway sofbehav i ngoft hesoci alsy st em.Thi si sshownbyt hedept hof t hesubcul t ur al or i ent at i onexhi bi t edbyt hegr oup. FO R U 6.Wi l l i ngnesst ouseI l l egalVi ol enceandBr i ber y Vi ol encei sr eadi l yav ai l abl eandaccept abl ei nanor gani zedcr i megr oupasameanst o achi ev ei t sgoal .Br i ber ybecomesnecessar ysoast opr ot ecti t soper at i onandi nsur el esser chanceofdet ect i onandsuppr essi on. FB O O KS 7.Speci al i zat i on/ Di v i si onofLabor Ther ei s a need f orest abl i shed f unct i onalposi t i on f i l l ed wi t h qual i f i ed member s. Commonl y , t her ei saneedf or : ( 1)anenf or cer ,onewhocar r i esoutdi f f i cul tassi gnment si nv ol v i ngt heuseofv i ol ence, i ncl udi ngmur der ,i nar at i onalmanner .Hemayusemember sornonmember sorev ena speci al i stt ocar r youtt heassi gnment ; and ( 2)acor r upt er( f i xer / moneymov er ) , excel si ndev el opi ngcont act s. SI T PD 8.MONOPOLI STI C Anor gani zedcr i megr oupeschewcompet i t i on.I tst r i v esf orhegemonyov erapar t i cul ar geogr aphi car ea, apar t i cul ar“ i ndust r y ” , l egi t i mat eori l l egi t i mat e, oracombi nat i onofbot h. Amonopol y ,ofcour se,r est r ai ns“ f r eet r ade”andi ncr easespr of i t s.Anor gani zedcr i me monopol yi smai nt ai nedbyv i ol ence,byt het hr eatofv i ol ence,orbycor r uptr el at i onshi pswi t h l aw enf or cementof f i ci al s.Acombi nat i onofbot hmet hods,v i ol enceandcor r upt i on,maybe empl oy ed. VI 9.GOVERNSBYEXPLI CI TRULESANDREGULATI ON An or gani zed cr i me gr oup,l i ke a l egi t i mat e or gani zat i on,has a setofr ul es and r egul at i onst hatmember sar eexpect edt of ol l ow. I nanor gani zedcr i megr oup,howev er ,ar ul ev i ol at i ngmemberi snotf i r edbut ,mor e l i kel y , f i r edupon STRUCTUREOFORGANI ZEDCRI MEGROUPS - Thebur eaucr at i c/Cor por at emodel - Pat r i moni al /Pat r onCl i ent TheBur eaucr at i c/Cor por at eModel Thecor por at i on, t hepol i ce, andt hemi l i t ar yar eexampl esofbur eaucr aci es, t hatmodeof or gani zat i onessent i al f oref f i ci ent l ycar r y i ngoutl ar gescal et asks. Pat r i moni al /Pat r onCl i ent I ti sachar act er i st i coft r adi t i onalsoci et i est hatcent er sonf ami l i es,pat r onsandt hei r cl i ent s, andot herper sonal i t i esnet wor ks. M GENERI CTYPEOFORGANI ZEDCRI MES 1.Pol i t i calGr af t commi t t edbypol i t i calcr i mi nal sf orpur posesofgai ni ngpr of i tt houghv i ol ence orf or cef ort heat t ai nmentofpol i t i calgoal sorambi t i onssuchasusedofpr i v at ear mi es, buy i ng ofv ot esort hr eat eni ngv ot er s. .C O 2.I nGr oupOr i ent edOr gani zedCr i me manned by semi or gani zed i ndi v i dual wi t h t he end v i ew of at t ai ni ng psy chol ogi cal gr at i f i cat i onsuchasadol escentgangs. R U M 3.Mer cenar y / Pr edat or yor gani zedcr i me per pet uat edf ort heat t ai nmentofdi r ectper sonalgai nbutpr eyuponunwi l l i ng v i ct i ms. O KS TYPI CALORGANI ZEDCRI MEACTI VI TI ES 1.THEFTandFRAUD FO 4.Sy ndi cat edCr i mes comeswi t hast r uct ur eor gani zat i ont hatpar t i ci pat esi ni l l i ci tact i v i t yi nsoci et y usi ngf or ce, ori nt i mi dat i on. VI SI T PD FB O Vi ct i mi zi ngbusi ness: Hi j acki ngofcar got r ucks Robber y Bankr upt cyf r aud( “ bust out ” ) I nsur anceFr aud St ockFr aud( I nsi deTr adi ng) Vi ct i mi zi ngi ndi v i dualper sons: Cart hef t( chopshoporexpor t ) Bur gl ar y( r obber yi nabui l di ng) St ockFr aud( pumpanddumpscam) Vi ct i mi zi ngSt at e: Bi dr i ggi ngpubl i cpr oj ect s Count er f ei t i ngofMoney Smuggl i ng( Al cohol –boot l eggi ng; Ci gar et t es–but tl eggi ng) Pr ov i di ngi mmi gr antwor ker st oav oi dt axes 2.PROVI DI NGI LLEGALSERVI CESandGOODS LoanShar ki ng Mur derf orhi r e Bookmaki ng Toxi cSubst ance Gambl i ng Peopl eSmuggl i ng Pr ost i t ut i on Tr af f i cki ngi nhumanbei ngs Dr ugTr af f i cki ng Ar msdeal i ng Por nogr aphy 3.BUSI NESSandLABORRACKETEERI NG Casi noski mmi ng Set t i ngupmonopol i esi nr i gi dmar ketl owt echi ndust r i es. Bi dr i ggi ng Abusi ngl aboruni ons xt or t i on( e. g.const r uct i on, t r anspor t , et c) Useofnonuni onl aborandpocket i ngt hewagedi f f er ence. Monopol i zi ngt hesuppl yofi mmi gr antwor ker swi t ht heassoci at edpeopl e; smuggl i ng. M U R FO THEORI ESOFCRI ME 1.Thest r ai nofanomi e 2.Di f f er ent i al associ at i on 3.Subcul t ur esandsoci al di sor gani zat i on 4.Soci al cont r ol t heor y 5.Et hni csuccessi on .C O M 4.Mi scel l aneousAct i v i t i es: Moneyl aunder i ng; Pol i t i cal cor r upt i ons; Bul l y i ng; and AndPi r acy . PD FB O O KS MAFI A i sat er m usedt odescr i beanumberofcr i mi nal or gani zat i onsar oundt hewor l d t hef i r stor gani zat i ont obeart hel abel wast heSi ci l i anMaf i abasedi nI t al y , knownt oi t s member sasCosaNost r a i nsum,maf i ameanspr ot ect i onagai nstar r oganceoft hepower f ul ,r emedyt o any damage,st ur di nessofbody ,st r engt handser eni t yofspi r i t ,andt hebestandexqui si t e par tofl i f e. appar ent l ySi ci l i anAr abi c der i v ed f r om t er ms meani ng t o pr ot ectand t o actas guar di an; af r i endorcompani on; t odef end; pr eser v at i on, power , i nt egr i t y , st r engt h, and acondi t i ont hatdesi gnat est her emedyofdamageandi l l . VI SI T OMERTA i sacodeofsi l enceandsecr ecyt hatf or bi dsMaf i osif r om bet r ay i ngt hei rcomr adest o t heaut hor i t i es. I deal ofmanl i ness Noncooper at i onwi t haut hor i t i es Sel f cont r ol i nt hef aceofadv er si t y Vendet t abl oodwashesbl ood Nei t hergov er nmentnorchur cht obet r ust ed Thef oundat i onoft heent i r emaf i ai sr espect .Feari st heengi ne, andmoneyi st hef uel .But l ongev i t yoft hemaf i aasanent er pr i sei sbui l tuponanabi di nganduncommonsenseof r espect . Thepenal t yf ort r ansgr essi oni sdeat h,andr el at i v esoft het ur ncoatmayal sobemur der ed. Maf i osigener al l ydonotassoci at ewi t hpol i ce( asi deper hapsf r om cor r upt i ngi ndi v i dualof f i cer s asnecessar y ) .Fori nst ance, amaf i osowi l lnotcal lt hepol i cewhenhei sav i ct i m ofacr i me.He i sexpect ed t ot ake car e oft he pr obl em hi msel f .To do ot her wi se woul d under mi ne hi s r eput at i onasacapabl epr ot ect orofot her s,andhi senemi esmayseehi m asweakand v ul ner abl e. Accor di ngt ol egend,t hewor dMaf i awasf i r stusedi nt heSi ci l i anr ev ol t– t heSi ci l i an Vesper s–agai nstr ul eoft heCapet i anHouseofAnj ouon30Mar ch1282.I nt hi sl egend, Maf i a i st heacr ony mf or" Mor t eAl l aFr anci a,I t al i aAnel a"( I t al i anf or" Deat ht oFr ance,I t al ycr i es! " ) . Howev er , t hi sv er si oni snowdi scar dedbymostser i oushi st or i ans. RULESOFAMERI CANMAFI A - M O .C M U R PD - FO - KS - O - O - Al way sshowr espectt ot hosewhocancommandi t . Repor tanyf ai l ur et oshowr espectt oone’ spat r oni mmedi at el y . Vi ol encemustbeused, ev eni fonl yal i mi t edt y pe, t oensur er espect . Nev eraskf orsur names. Nev err esor tt ov i ol encei nadi sput ewi t hamemberorassoci at eofanot herf ami l y . Nev err esor tt o, orev ent hr eat en, v i ol encei namemberofy ourf ami l y . Donotuset het el ephoneexceptt oar r angeameet i ngpl ace,pr ef er abl yi ncode,f r om whi chy ouwi l l t hent r av el t oapl acet odi scussbusi ness. Av oi dment i oni ngspeci f i cswhendi scussi ngbusi nessf orexampl enames,dat es,and pl aces-bey ondt hoseabsol ut el ynecessar yf orunder st andi ng. Keepy ourmout hshut any t hi ngy ouhear , any t hi ngy ousee, st ay swi t hy ou, i ny ourhead; donott al kabouti t . Donotasknecessar yquest i ons.Theamountofi nf or mat i ongi v ent oy oui sal ly ouneed t ocar r youty ouri nst r uct i ons. Nev erengagei nhomosexual act i v i t i es. I fy ourpat r onar r angesf ort wopar t i est owor kt oget her ,heassumesr esponsi bi l i t yf or ar bi t r at i nganydi sput esbet weent hepar t i es. Thebosscanuni l at er al l ydi r ectv i ol ence,i ncl udi ngmur der ,agai nstanymemberofhi s f ami l y , buthecannotengagei nmur der f or hi r e, t hati s, makeapr of i tf r om mur der . Thebosscannotusev i ol enceagai nstamemberorcl oseassoci at eofanot herf ami l y wi t houtpr i orconsul t at i onwi t ht hatf ami l y ’ sboss. Thepr i nci palf or m ofsecur i t yi nt heAmer i canMaf i ai sanel abor at esy st em ofr ef er r al andv ouchi ng.Vouchi ngf orsomeonewhot ur nsoutt obeani nf or mantorunder cov er of f i cerent ai l st hedeat hpenal t y . FB - T RUSSI ANORGANI ZEDCRI ME SI VORYVZAKONE - aka“t hi ev eswi t hcodeofhonor ” VI I ti st heSi ci l i ancount er par t , l i nkedt oat er r i t or i al basedpr ov i si onofpr ot ect i onser v i cesand t oal l i ancebet weenupperwor l dandt heunder wor l d.I ti schar act er i zedbyt het hr eet y pesof act or si ncr i mepi ct ur eatRussi anamel y : ( 1)cor r uptgov er nmentof f i ci al s, ( 2)shadybusi nesst y coons( ol i gar ch) ; and ( 3)member sofcr i mi nalgangheadedbyasocal l edaut hor i t i esandl oosel yt i ed wi t hcr i mi nalf r at er ni t y knownas “ t hi ev esi nl aw”( Vor yV.Zakone) .Theywer e abl et ocr eat epr ot ect i v er ooft hr ought hei rf i nanci al andf r at er ni t yconnect i on. ORGANI ZEDCRI MEI NNORTHAMERI CA( LATI NOGANGS) I tf i r stf or medi nt hebar r i osi nt he1920s.By1990s, t heMaj orLat i nogangshadj oi ned i nt ot wosy ndi cat es, t heNor t enosbasedi nnor t her nCal i f or ni aandt heSur t enosbasedi n Sout her nCal i f or i a. The Nor t enosi ncl udesuchgangsasBi gHazar d,t heBr eedSt r eetGangandt heSi l v er LeafNor t enos( SLN) . TheSur t enosi ncl udet heAssasi ns, Ki ngKobr aandMar aSal v at r ucha. M I nt heMi dwest TheLat i nogangcoal escedi nt ot wosy ndi cat es,t heFol kNat i onandt hePeopl esNat i on basedi nChi cago. I nTexas,Mexi canAmer i cangangshav epr ol i f er at edwi t ht heMexi canMaf i a,t hePRM ( Par t i doRev ol uci onar i oMexi cano) , andMexi cl esbei ngt hemostpr omi nent . M .C O I nt heEast er nUni t edSt at es Themaj orsy ndi cat esar eLaGr anRaza( TheGr eatRace)andLaGr anFami l i a( The Gr eatFami l y ) .TheDomi ni canGangsbecamet hemaj orpl ay eri nDr ugt r adei nMet r opol i t an NewYor kandi nNor t her nNewJer sey . FO R U I nMi amiandDadeCount y , Fl or i da, TheCubanMaf i ahasbui l tast r ongbase,hav i ngt akenadv ant ageofanal l i ancewi t h Sant oTr af f i cant e’ sI t al i anAmer i canMaf i af ami l ybasedi nTampa. I nPuer t oRi co,t heNet aAssoci at i onbeganasapr i songang,buti thasspr eadbey ond t hei sl andandbey ondt hepr i sonwal l s. O Chi naOr gani zedCr i mi nalGr oups KS ORGANI ZEDCRI MEI NASI A PD FB O 1.Gangs( Tr i ad)=wor ki ncooper at i v ev ent ur esi nv ol v i ngbl ackmar ketact i v i t i es, bur gl ar i es andt hef t s, hi j acki ngsandext or t i ons. 2.Cr i mi nalSy ndi cat es=commonl yi nv ol v edi nsophi st i cat edcr i messuchaspr ost i t ut i ons, humant r af f i cki ngandot heror gani zedf or m ofbot har ei nv ol v edi ndr ugt r af f i cki ng par t i cul ar l yofher oi nf r om t hegol dent r i angl easwel lasExpl oi t at i onofwomenand chi l dr enandsmuggl i ngofi l l egal i mmi gr ant sv i ces. VI SI T Dr agonSy ndi cat esi sanot hernamef ort heChi neseTr i ads,anamepopul ar i zedbyMar t i n Boot h’ smuchaccl ai medst udy“ TheDr agonSy ndi cat es:t heGl obalPhenomenonoft heTr i ads ( NewYor k: Car r ol l andGr af , 2000) . TheTr i adcamef r om t hesy mbol i ct r i angl ei nt hei rf l ag whi chi ndi cat est het hr ee( 3) el ement s: TheHeav en, TheEar t handt heMan. HongKongOr gani zedCr i mi nalGr oups Tr i ads, suchas“ WoSi ngWo”and14Kar et wooft hemanyt r i adsi nHongkong.Theyar e i nv ol v edi nv ar i ousact i v i t i esr angi ngf r om dr ugt r af f i cki ngt ocor r upt i on. I CAC-I ndependentCommi ssi onAgai nstCor r upt i oni soneoft hemostact i v eCr i mi nal Just i ceUni ti nv ol v edi ncont r ol l i ngi l l i ci tact i v i t i esoft heset r i ads JAPAN Yakuza( 893)orBor y okudan - i st hemosti nf l uent i al or gani zedcr i megr oupi nJapan. - Yakuza makes bi l l i ons ofdol l ar st hr ough cor por at e ext r act i ons and t he Sokoi y a ( shar ehol der smeet i ngmen) . - Ot heract i v i t i est hatt heyar ei nv ol v ed i ncl ude expl oi t at i on ofwomen,pr ost i t ut i ons ( most l ycomi ngf r om t hePhi l i ppi nes, Thai l andandTai wan)andgambl i ngden. M CAMBODI A Dr ugt r af f i cki ngandhumansmuggl i ngar et hemostnot abl eor gani zedcr i mi nalact i v i t i es i nCambodi awhi char ewi del ycont r ol l edbyt heChi neseandMy anmor ese. Ot heract i v i t i esi nv ol v edgambl i ng, cor r upt i on, pr ost i t ut i onandmoneyl aunder i ng. Duet opeopl e’ sbel i efoft heef f ectofhav i ngsexwi t hv i r gi nwomen, pr ost i t ut i onbecameoneof t hemostexpensi v eor gani zedcr i meandv i r gi nwomenar et hehi ghestv al uedcommodi t i es. O REPUBLI COFKOREA FO R U M .C KEANDALEMENI NGSCARUPS Al t houghnotconsi der edascr i mi nalgr oups,t heyal soengagei ncr i mi nalact i v i t i es somewayt ohel pt heweakandt hepoor .Theyar enot abl ef ort hei rl oy al t yandf ai t hf ul ness. Or gani zedcr i mi nalgr oupscomei nt hef or m ofpol i t i calgr oupsusedashenchment o at t ackpol i t i cal r i v al s . Sev er alor gani zedgr oupsar eassoci at edwi t hYAKUZAandot hergr oupsi nt heUni t ed St at esar ei nv ol v edmost l yi ndr ugt r af f i cki ng, pr ost i t ut i onandexpl oi t at i onofwomen. PD FB O O KS MYANMAR My anmarhast hel ar gestor gani zedcr i megr oupscont r ol l edbymi l i t ar yJunt a.I t i ncl udest hef ol l owi ng: * Uni t edWaSt at eAr my( UWSA)–undert hecommandofWei HusehKong–has connect i onwi t hSout heastAsi anandNor t hAmer i ca. *Ki nkangChi nese–i ncoor di nat i onwi t hMNDAA, pr ot ect scul t i v at i onar easandr ef i ni ng ofdr ugs. *My anmarNat i onal Democr at i cAl l i anceAr my–cont r ol t hepl ant at i onsandr ef i ne opi um i nt oher oi nandal sopr oducedmet hamphet ami ne. Tr af f i cki ngofwomenandchi l dr ent oPaki st anandThai l andandcor r upt i onar eal so someoft heact i v i t i esoft hegr oup. SI T TAI WAN Tai wanor gani zedcr i mehascl oseconnect i onwi t ht heChi neseTr i adsandHongKong par t i cul ar l yt heUni t edBambooGang.Theyar ei nv ol v edi ndr ugt r af f i cki ng,pr ost i t ut i on,women andchi l dt r af f i cki ng. VI SI NGAPORE Thi si st hecount r ywi t ht hel owestcasesofor gani zedact i v i t i esduet ost r i ngentl aws andsev er epenal t i esandt hegov er nment ’ sst r ongwi l l powerf ort hei mpl ement at i onofl aws. THAI LAND Thecount r yconsi der edt obet hemostnot or i ousi nt hewor l di nt er msofsexi ndust r y . Suppl i esori mpor t saboutone( 1)mi l l i onwomeni ndi f f er entcount r i esi nAsi a. VI ETNAM “ Nam Cam Gang”i soneoft hemostnot edor gani zedcr i megr oupi nVi et nam andknown f ordr ugt r af f i cki ngandoneoft hemaj ort r ansi tpoi ntofdr ugsi nLaos,My anmar ,Chi naand Tai wanf r om Cambodi a. PHI LI PPI NES Thecount r yconsi der edast heheav enf ort hesexi ndust r y .Anumberofwomenar esent abr oad as ent er t ai ner s butl at erendup as pr ost i t ut es.Thai l and,Japan and ot herAsi an Count r i esar ecommonpl acesoft hei rdest i nat i on.Youngchi l dr enf orpedophi l esar eal sobei ng cat er ed. PD FB O O KS FO R U M .C O M 1.Fr anci scoGr oup Dr agonorKur at ongBal el engGr oup, nowl edbyManuel Fr anci sco, oper at esi nVi say as andMi ndanao 2.Pent agonGr oup oper at esi nMi ndanaoheadedbyTahi rAl ont o, acr eat i onofMI LFt ogener at ef unds. Al ont oi sanephewofMI LFChai r manALHAJMURAD 3.LexusGr oup speci al i zesi ncar nappi ngandoper at esi nNCRandLuzon 4.Rex“ Wacky ”Sal udGr oup engagedi ni l l egal gambl i ngandoper at esi nCebu 5.Vi cYuGr oup engagesi ni l l egal gambl i ngandoper at esi nVi say as. 6.Super abl eFami l y aki dnappi ngf orr ansom ( KFR)gr oupwi t ha1Mi l l i onpr i zef ort hel eader ’ sheadwho waski l l edi nact i ondur i ngashoot outwi t hl awenf or cer s 7.Mar t i r esKFRgr oup ki l l edi nAct i on( KI A) 8.War ay War ayGr oup anet hni cgr oupengagedi nki dnapf orr ansom oper at i ons.Member sar eei t herbel ong f r om t hef ami l ycl anornat i v esf r om SamarandLey t e.Thei rl eaderwasar r est edon Sept ember24, 2005. 9.LupoRhuGr oup l eadbyLupoMi guel Tul i ao; Agust i nCav i l an; andNest orMer i n. T TRANSNATI ONALORGANI ZEDCRI ME VI SI CONCEPTOFTRANSNATI ONALCRI ME Theconceptoft r ansnat i onalcr i mewascoi ned byt heUni t edNat i ons( UN)Cr i me Pr ev ent i onandCr i mi nalJust i ceBr ancht oi dent i f ycer t ai ncr i mi nalphenomenat r anscendi ng i nt er nat i onalbor der s,t r ansgr essi ngt hel awsofsev er alst at esorhav i ngi mpactonanot her count r y . TRANSNATI ONALCRI ME acont i nui ngi l l egalact i v i t yofgr oupofper sonwhi chi spr i mar i l yconcer nedwi t ht he gener at i onofpr of i t s, i r r espect i v eofnat i onal boundar i esasar esul tofgl obal i zat i on. GLOBALI ZATI ON r ef er st ot her api ddev el opmentoft hewest er ncul t ur et hatul t i mat el yaf f ect sot her cul t ur esi nt hewor l dasbr oughtbyi nt el l ect ualandt echnol ogi caladv ances,i nwhi ch somecr i mesoccur r i ngi not hercount r i esar eat t r i but ed. TRANSNATI ONALORGANI ZEDCRI ME i sacr i meper pet uat edbyor gani zedcr i mi nalgr oupwhi cht heai m ofcommi t t i ngoneor mor eser i ouscr i mesorof f ensesi nor dert oobt ai ndi r ect l yori ndi r ect l y ,af i nanci alor ot hermat er i al benef i t scommi t t edt hr oughcr ossi ngofbor der sorj ur i sdi ct i ons M ORGANI ZEDCRI MI NALGROUP - shal lmeanast r uct ur edgr oupoft hr eeormor eper sons,exi st i ngf oraper i odoft i me andact i ngi nconcer twi t ht heai m ofcommi t t i ng ormor eser i ouscr i mesorof f enses est abl i shedi naccor dancewi t ht hi sconv ent i on, i nor dert oobt ai n, di r ect l yori ndi r ect l y, a f i nanci al ormat er i al benef i t .C O SERI OUSCRI ME - shal lmeanconductconst i t ut i nganof f encepuni shabl ebymaxi mum depr i v at i onof l i ber t yofatl eastf oury ear soramor eser i ouspenal t y KS FO R U M Anof f ensei st r ansnat i onali nnat ur ei f : I ti scommi t t edi nmor et hanoneSt at e; I ti scommi t t edi noneSt at ebutsubst ant i al par tofi t spr epar at i on, pl anni ng, di r ect i on orcont r ol t akespl acei nanot herSt at e; I ti scommi t t edi noneSt at ebuti nv ol v esanor gani zedcr i mi nalgr oupengagesi n cr i mi nal act i v i t i esi nmor et hanoneSt at e;or I ti scommi t t edi noneSt at ebuthassubst ant i al ef f ect si nanot herSt at e. T PD FB O O Fact or sMaki ngaNat i on“ hospi t abl e”t oTr ansnat i onalCr i mes 1.Cor r upt i on 2.I ncompl et eorweakl egi sl at i on 3.Poorenf or cementofexi st i ngl aws 4.Nont r anspar entf i nanci al i nst i t ut i ons 5.Unf av or abl eeconomi ccondi t i ons 6.Lackofr espectf ort her ul eofl awi nsoci et y 7.Poor l yguar dednat i onal bor der s 8.Lackofpol i t i cal wi l l t oest abl i shr ul eofl aw 9.Geogr aphi cl ocat i on( e. g.al ongar msornar cot i cst r af f i cki ngr out e) 10.Regi onal geopol i t i cal i ssues( e. g.l ongst andi ngt er r i t or i al di sput e) . VI SI PRI MARYSTRATEGI ESAGAI NSTTRANSNATI ONALORGANI ZEDCRI ME GoodGov er nance TheRul eofLaw I nt er nat i onal Cooper at i on Execut i v eOr derNo.265 cr eat i ngt heOSETCf orast r ongerc ampai gnagai nstt r ansnat i onal cr i me t heOf f i ceoft heSpeci alenv oyonTr ansnat i onalCr i mei st heagencyconcer nedi n r esol v i ngov er l apsi nsy st emsandpr ocedur esanddet er mi nest heappr opr i at eagency compet entt oaddr essaspeci f i ct r ansnat i onal cr i mei ssue Tr ansnat i onalCr i mes - Tr af f i cki ngi nPer sons - Ter r or i sm - Dr ugTr af f i cki ng Cy ber cr i me MoneyLaunder i ng Env i r onment al Cr i me Economi ccr i me I nt el l ect ual Pr oper t yThef t Pi r acyandAr medRobber yAgai nstShi ps I l l i ci tTr ade( smuggl i ng)ofSmal l Ar msandLi ghtWeapons HUMANTRAFFI CKI NG KS O O PushFact or st oTr af f i cki ng 1.I ndi v i dual l ev el 2.Fami l y 3.Communi t y 4.Soci et y FO R U M .C O M TRAFFI CKI NGI NPERSON( TI P) - af or m ofmoder ndaysl av er y - r ef er st ot her ecr ui t ment , t r anspor t at i on, t r ansf erorhar bor i ng, orr ecei ptofper sonswi t h orwi t houtt hev i ct i m' sconsentorknowl edge,wi t hi noracr ossnat i onalbor der sby meansoft hr eatoruseoff or ce,orot herf or msofcoer ci on,abduct i on, f r aud,decept i on, abuseofpowerorofposi t i on, t aki ngadv ant ageoft hev ul ner abi l i t yoft heper son, or , t he gi v i ngorr ecei v i ngofpay ment sorbenef i t st oachi ev et heconsentofaper sonhav i ng cont r ol ov eranot herper sonf ort hepur poseofexpl oi t at i onwhi chi ncl udesatami ni mum, t heexpl oi t at i onort hepr ost i t ut i onofot her sorot herf or msofsexualexpl oi t at i on, f or ced l abororser v i ces, sl av er y , ser v i t udeort her emov al orsal eofor gans. Sect i on3a, RA9208 PD FB I ndi v i duall ev el - Lackofeducat i onandi nf or mat i on - Hi st or yofabuseandexpl oi t at i on - Women’ saspi r at i on VI SI T Fami l y - Domest i cv i ol enceormar i t al di scor d - Deser t i on - Separ at i on - Negl ectofpar ent s - Br eadwi nnerordesi r et oi mpr ov et hef ami l y ’ seconomi ccondi t i on Communi t y - Congest ednei ghbor hood - Poorhousi ngandl i v i ngcondi t i ons - Lackofempl oy mentoppor t uni t i es - Lackofbasi csoci al ser v i ces Soci et y - Pol i t i cal andeconomi ci nsecur i t y - Pol i t i cal cor r upt i on - Conf l i ct St r uct ur al adj ust mentpol i ci esr esul t i ngi nt her i si ngcostofl i v i ng Pov er t y powerr el at i onsandgenderi nequal i t y Lur eofmi gr at i on Consumer i sm Suppl yanddemand R U M .C O M Pul lf act or st ot r af f i cki ng - I ncr eased easeoft r av el( cheaperandf ast ert r av eloppor t uni t i es,easi eraccesst o passpor t ) ; - Hi ghersal ar i esandst andar dofl i v i ngi nl ar gerci t i esandcount r i esabr oad( gr eat er possi bi l i t i esf oracqui r i ng new ski l l sand educat i on,i ncr eased j ob oppor t uni t y ,and mobi l i t y ) ; - Est abl i shedmi gr at i onr out esandet hni c, nat i onal communi t i es; - Act i v edemandf ormi gr antwor ker si ndest i nat i oncount r i escombi nedwi t ht heexi st ence ofr ecr ui t mentagenci esandper sonswi l l i ngt of aci l i t at ej obsandt r av el ; and - Hi ghexpect at i onsofoppor t uni t i esi not hercount r i esboost edbygl obalmedi aand i nt er netaccessandst or i esofr et ur ni ngmi gr ant sort hosewhosef ami l i eshav epr of i t ed f r om r emi t t ances. O O KS FO Gl obalSt at usofHumanTr af f i cki ng - I n2004,accor di ngt oU. Sgov er nment600, 000t o800,000peopl ewer ev i ct i msof t r af f i cki ngwor l dwi de. ( most l yf emal eandmi nor sand70per centwer et r af f i ckedf orsexual expl oi t at i on) - Accor di ngt ot hedat aofI nt er nat i onalLabourOr gani zat i on12. 3Mi l l i onpeopl ewer e t r af f i ckedar oundt hewor l d( acr ossbor der sandi ndi v i dual count r i es) - 300, 000chi l dr enwer et r af f i ckedt oser v edi nar medconf l i ct s( UNI CEF) PD FB TI Pi nAsi a - 9. 5mi l l i onwer et r af f i ckedi nAsi a( I LO) . ( 1/ 3t r af f i ckedf orot herf or m ofeconomi cexpl oi t at i on,t her estar ef orcommer ci al sexual expl oi t at i on) VI SI T St at usofHumanTr af f i cki ngi nt hePhi l i ppi nes - Accor di ngt ot heUni t edNat i onsChi l dr en' sFund( Uni cef )anest i mat ed60, 000t o100, 000 chi l dr eni nt hePhi l i ppi nesar ei nv ol v edi npr ost i t ut i onr i ngs. - Accor di ngt ot heI nt er nat i onalLabourOr gani zat i on( I LO)about100, 000chi l dr enar e i nv ol v edi npr ost i t ut i on. - USgov er nmentr epor t s, t henumberofchi l dv i ct i msi nt hePhi l i ppi nesr angef r om 20, 000 t o100, 000, wi t hf or ei gnt our i st s, par t i cul ar l yot herAsi ans, asper pet r at or s. - ThePhi l i ppi nesi sr ankedunderTi er2Wat chLi sti nt he2009Tr af f i cki ngi nPer sons Repor toft heUni t edSt at es( US)St at eDepar t mentduet ot hePhi l i ppi negov er nment ’ s al l eged f ai l ur et o show ev i dence ofpr ogr ess i n conv i ct i ng t r af f i cki ng of f ender s, par t i cul ar l yt hoser esponsi bl ef orl abort r af f i cki ng. Vul ner abl esect or - Pr of i l esofwoment r af f i ckedshowt hatt heyar emost l yy oung, wi t houtorl esseducat i on comi ngf r om t her ur alar easandpoorf ami l i es,whi chi ncl udewomendi spl acedi n Cent r alLuzonduet ot heer upt i onofMt .Pi nat ubo ort hel andsl i dei nGui nsaugon Sout her nLey t e. .C O M Phi l i ppi ne Gov er nment Mani f est ed i t s Commi t ment agai nst TI P t hr ough t he Cr eat i on/ Amendmentofot herl egi sl at i v eact ssuchas: - Mai l Or derBr i de( RA6955) - Ant i Rapel awof1997( RA8553) - RapeVi ct i m Assi st anceandPr ot ect i onActof1988( RA8505) - Speci alPr ot ect i onofChi l dr enAgai nstAbuse,Expl oi t at i onandDi scr i mi nat i onAct( RA 7610) - AnActPr ohi bi t i ngt heEmpl oy mentofChi l dr enBel ow 15Year sofAgei nPubl i cand Pr i v at eUnder t aki ngs( RA7658) - Mi gr antWor ker sandOv er seasFi l i pi nosActof1995( RA8042) - Phi l i ppi nePasspor tActof1996( RA8239) - I nt er Count r yAdopt i onLaw( RA8043) R U M Republ i cAct9208 Ant i Tr af f i cki ngi nPer sonsActof 2003 Appr ov edMay26, 2003 Consol i dat i onofSenat eBi l l No.2444andHouseBi l l No.2444 VI SI T PD FB O O KS FO Sect i on4.Act sofTr af f i cki ngi nPer sons.-I tshal l beunl awf ul f oranyper son, nat ur al orj ur i di cal , t ocommi tanyoft hef ol l owi ngact s: ( a)Tor ecr ui t ,t r anspor t ,t r ansf er ;har bor ,pr ov i de,orr ecei v eaper sonbyanymeans,i ncl udi ng t hosedoneundert hepr et extofdomest i corov er seasempl oy mentort r ai ni ngorappr ent i ceshi p, f ort he pur pose ofpr ost i t ut i on,por nogr aphy ,sexualexpl oi t at i on,f or ced l abor ,sl av er y , i nv ol unt ar yser v i t udeordebtbondage; ( b)Toi nt r oduceormat chf ormoney ,pr of i t ,ormat er i al ,economi corot herconsi der at i on,any per sonor , aspr ov i dedf orunderRepubl i cActNo.6955, anyFi l i pi nowomant oaf or ei gnnat i onal , f ormar r i agef ort hepur poseofacqui r i ng,buy i ng,of f er i ng,sel l i ngort r adi nghi m/ hert oengage i npr ost i t ut i on,por nogr aphy ,sexualexpl oi t at i on,f or cedl abor ,sl av er y ,i nv ol unt ar yser v i t udeor debtbondage; ( c)Toof f erorcont r actmar r i age, r eal orsi mul at ed, f ort hepur poseofacqui r i ng, buy i ng, of f er i ng, sel l i ng,ort r adi ngt hem t oengagei npr ost i t ut i on,por nogr aphy ,sexualexpl oi t at i on,f or cedl abor orsl av er y , i nv ol unt ar yser v i t udeordebtbondage; ( d)Tounder t akeoror gani zet our sandt r av elpl ansconsi st i ngoft our i sm packagesoract i v i t i es f ort he pur pose ofut i l i zi ng and of f er i ng per sons f orpr ost i t ut i on,por nogr aphyorsexual expl oi t at i on; ( e)Tomai nt ai norhi r eaper sont oengagei npr ost i t ut i onorpor nogr aphy ; ( f )Toadoptorf aci l i t at et headopt i onofper sonsf ort hepur poseofpr ost i t ut i on,por nogr aphy , sexual expl oi t at i on, f or cedl abor , sl av er y , i nv ol unt ar yser v i t udeordebtbondage; ( g)Tor ecr ui t , hi r e, adopt , t r anspor torabductaper son, bymeansoft hr eatoruseoff or ce, f r aud, decei t ,v i ol ence,coer ci on,ori nt i mi dat i onf ort hepur poseofr emov alorsal eofor gansofsai d per son; and ( h)Tor ecr ui t ,t r anspor toradoptachi l dt oengagei nar medact i v i t i esi nt hePhi l i ppi nesor abr oad. Sect i on5.Act st hatPr omot eTr af f i cki ngi nPer sons.-Thef ol l owi ngact swhi chpr omot eor f aci l i t at et r af f i cki ngi nper sons, shal l beunl awf ul : ( a)Toknowi ngl yl easeorsubl ease, useoral l owt obeusedanyhouse, bui l di ngorest abl i shment f ort hepur poseofpr omot i ngt r af f i cki ngi nper sons; ( b)Topr oduce, pr i ntandi ssueordi st r i but euni ssued, t amper edorf akecounsel i ngcer t i f i cat es, R U M .C O M r egi st r at i onst i cker sandcer t i f i cat esofanygov er nmentagencywhi chi ssuest hesecer t i f i cat es and st i cker s as pr oof of compl i ance wi t h gov er nment r egul at or y and pr edepar t ur e r equi r ement sf ort hepur poseofpr omot i ngt r af f i cki ngi nper sons; ( c)Toadv er t i se,publ i sh,pr i nt ,br oadcastordi st r i but e,orcauset headv er t i sement ,publ i cat i on, pr i nt i ng, br oadcast i ngordi st r i but i onbyanymeans, i ncl udi ngt heuseofi nf or mat i ont echnol ogy andt hei nt er net ,ofanybr ochur e,f l y er ,oranypr opagandamat er i alt hatpr omot est r af f i cki ngi n per sons; ( d)Toassi sti nt heconductofmi sr epr esent at i onorf r audf orpur posesoff aci l i t at i ngt he acqui si t i onofcl ear ancesandnecessar yexi tdocument sf r om gov er nmentagenci est hatar e mandat edt opr ov i depr edepar t ur er egi st r at i onandser v i cesf ordepar t i ngper sonsf ort he pur poseofpr omot i ngt r af f i cki ngi nper sons; ( e)To f aci l i t at e,assi storhel pi nt he exi tand ent r yofper sons f r om/ t ot he count r yat i nt er nat i onalandl ocalai r por t s,t er r i t or i alboundar i esandseapor t swhoar ei npossessi onof uni ssued,t amper edorf r audul entt r av eldocument sf ort hepur poseofpr omot i ngt r af f i cki ngi n per sons; ( f )Toconf i scat e, conceal , ordest r oyt hepasspor t , t r av eldocument s, orper sonaldocument sor bel ongi ngsoft r af f i ckedper sonsi nf ur t her anceoft r af f i cki ngort opr ev entt hem f r om l eav i ng t hecount r yorseeki ngr edr essf r om t hegov er nmentorappr opr i at eagenci es; and ( g)Toknowi ngl ybenef i tf r om,f i nanci alorot her wi se,ormakeuseof ,t hel abororser v i cesofa per sonhel dt oacondi t i onofi nv ol unt ar yser v i t ude, f or cedl abor , orsl av er y . T PD FB O O KS FO Sect i on 6.Qual i f i ed Tr af f i cki ng i n Per sons.-The f ol l owi ng ar e consi der ed as qual i f i ed t r af f i cki ng: ( a)Whent het r af f i ckedper soni sachi l d; ( b)Whent headopt i oni sef f ect edt hr oughRepubl i cActNo.8043, ot her wi seknownast he" I nt er Count r yAdopt i onActof1995"andsai dadopt i oni sf ort hepur poseofpr ost i t ut i on, por nogr aphy , sexualexpl oi t at i on,f or cedl abor ,sl av er y ,i nv ol unt ar yser v i t udeordebtbondage;Def i ci ency Sy ndr ome( AI DS) . ( c)Whent hecr i mei scommi t t edbyasy ndi cat e,ori nl ar gescal e.Tr af f i cki ngi sdeemed commi t t edbyasy ndi cat ei fcar r i edoutbyagr oupoft hr ee( 3)ormor eper sonsconspi r i ngor conf eder at i ngwi t honeanot her .I ti sdeemedcommi t t edi nl ar gescal ei fcommi t t edagai nst t hr ee( 3)ormor eper sons, i ndi v i dual l yorasagr oup; ( d)Whent heof f enderi sanascendant ,par ent ,si bl i ng,guar di anoraper sonwhoexer ci ses aut hor i t yov ert het r af f i ckedper sonorwhent heof f ensei scommi t t edbyapubl i cof f i ceror empl oy ee; VI SI COMPUTERCRI ME - anycr i meaccompl i shedt hr oughspeci al knowl edgeofcomput ert echnol ogy . - anycr i me wher e comput eri s used as a t ooloras a t ar getori nci dent alt ot he commi ssi onofacr i me. - Al soknownasCy ber cr i me. - Anyi l l egalacti nwhi chknowl edgeofcomput ert echnol ogyi susedt ocommi tt he of f ense.( L.E.Quar at i el l o) - Al li l l egalact i v i t i est hatar ecommi t t edbyorwi t ht heai dofcomput erori nf or mat i on t echnol ogyori nwhi cht hecomput er sar et het ar getoft hecr i mi nal ent er pr i se.( Mar t i nL. For st ) CYBERCRI MEI NTHEPHI LI PPI NES TheLOVEBUG Byf art hemostpopul ari nci denceofcy bercr i mei nt hePhi l i ppi nesi st he“ I LOVEYOU O M Vi r us”ort heLOVEBUG. Thesuspecti nt hecase,a23y earol dst udentf r om apopul ar comput eruni v er si t yi nt hePhi l i ppi nesdr af t edt hev i r uswi t ht hev i si onofcr eat i ngapr ogr am t hati scapabl eofst eal i ngpasswor dsi ncomput er s,ul t i mat el yt ohav ef r eeaccesst ot he i nt er net . Dur i ngt hehei ghtoft heLOVEBUGi nci dent ,Reut er shasr epor t ed:" ThePhi l i ppi neshas y ett oar r estt hesuspect edcr eat oroft he' Lov eBug' comput erv i r usbecausei tl acksl awst hat deal wi t hcomput ercr i me, aseni orpol i ceof f i cersai d" .Thef actoft hemat t eri st hatt her ear eno l awsr el at i ngt oCy ber cr i mei nt hePhi l i ppi nes.TheNat i onalBur eauofI nv est i gat i oni sf i ndi ngi t di f f i cul tt ol egal l yar r estt hesuspectbehi ndt he' Lov eBug' comput erv i r us. Assuch,t heneedf orcount r i est ol egi sl at eCy ber l awsr el at i ngt oCy ber cr i mear i seson anur gentpr i or i t ybasi s.Duet ot hei nci dent ,t hePhi l i ppi neshav eseent henecessi t yf ort he passageofal awt openal i zecy bercr i mes,t hust heenact mentofRepubl i cAct8792ot her wi se knownast heEl ect r oni cCommer ceAct . U M .C RA8792 l egi sl at edbecauseofIl ov ey ouv i r us Thi sActshal l beknownand ci t edast he" El ect r oni cCommer ceAct . ” Appr ov edJune14, 2000 FB O O KS FO R CommonTy pesofCy berCr i mesal r eadyhandl edbyNBI 1.HACKI NG/CRACKI NG 2.MALI CI OUSEMAI LSENDI NG 3.I NTERNETPORNOGRAPHY 4.LAUNCHI NGOFHARMFULCOMPUTERVI RUSES 5.DI STRI BUTEDDENI ALOFSERVI CEATTACKS( DOS) 6.WEBSI TEDEFACEMENT 7.ACQUI RI NGCREDI TCARDI NFORMATI ONFROM ANECOMMERCEWEBSI TE 8.I NTERNETSHOPPI NGUSI NGFRAUDULENTLYACQUI REDCREDI TCARDS 9.WI RETRANSFEROFFUNDSFROM AFRAUDULENTLYACQUI REDCREDI TCARD 10.ONLI NEAUCTI ONFRAUD PD WHATARECOMMONMETHODSANDSTANDARDTERMSUSEDTODESCRI BECYBERCRI ME? T Hacki ng i st heactofi l l egal l yaccessi ngt hecomput ersy st em/ net wor kofani ndi v i dual ,gr oupor busi nessent er pr i sewi t houtt heconsentorappr ov aloft heowneroft hesy st em VI SI Cr acki ng i sahi gherf or m ofhacki ngi nwhi cht heunaut hor i zedaccesscul mi nat eswi t ht he pr ocess ofdef eat i ng t he secur i t ysy st em f ort he pur pose ofacqui r i ng moneyor i nf or mat i onand/ orav ai l i ngoff r eeser v i ces Mal i ci ousSendi ngofEmai l s t hesendi ngofmal i ci ousanddef amat or yel ect r oni cmai l sf ort hepur poseofext or t i ng money , ort hr eat eni ngpr ospect i v ev i ct i ms I nt er netPor nogr aphy Thet r af f i cki ng,di st r i but i on,post i ng,anddi ssemi nat i onofobscenemat er i ali ncl udi ng chi l dr en’ snudepi ct ur es,i ndecentexposur e,and chi l d sexsl av er ypost ed i nt ot he i nt er net , l i v est r eami ngv i deosai r edt hr ought hei nt er net Acomput ervi r us i sacomput erpr ogr am t hatcancopyi t sel fandi nf ectacomput erwi t houtper mi ssi onor knowl edgeoft heuser Launchi ngofHar mf ulComput erVi r us 1.Vi r us 2.Wor m 3.Tr oj anHor se M Wor m spr eadi t sel ft oot hercomput er swi t houtneedi ngt obet r ansf er r edaspar tofahost M .C O Tr oj anhor se i saf i l et hatappear shar ml essunt i lexecut ed.Tr oj anhor sesdonoti nser tt hei rcodei nt o ot hercomput erf i l es FO R U Logi cbomb asetofi nst r uct i onssecr et l yi nser t edi nt oapr ogr am t hati sdesi gnedt oexecut ei fa par t i cul arpr ogr am i ssat i sf i ed t hebombl i esdor mantunt i l apar t i cul ardat ei sr eachedorcommandent er ed KS I dent i t yt hef t def i nedast hecr i mi nalactofassumi ngper son’ sname, addr ess, soci alsecur i t ynumber , anddat eofbi r t hi nor dert ocommi tf r aud O O Phi shi ng sendi ng f r audul entemai l sorwebsi t e popups,t o getv i ct i mst o di v ul ge sensi t i v e f i nanci al i nf or mat i onsuchascr edi tcar dnumber sorsoci al secur i t ynumber s PD FB Di st r i but edDeni alofSer v i ceAt t acks DDoSat t ackscanbecommi t t edbyempl oy i ngmul t i pl ecomput er scont r ol l edbyasi ngl e mast ercomput erser v ert ot ar getapar t i cul arser v erbybombar di ngi twi t ht housandsof packet sofdat ai nanat t emptt oov er whel mt heser v erandcausei tt ocr ash SI T Websi t edef acement i st heunaut hor i zedmodi f i cat i onofawebsi t e VI Acqui r i ngCr edi tCar dI nf or mat i onf r om aWebsi t et hatof f er sESer v i ces Wheny oushoponl i ne,t hemostconv eni entwayt opayf ort hei t emsy ouor deri s t hr oughy ourcr edi tcar d.Wheny oupayt hr uy ourcr edi tcar d,y ouneedt odi scl ose i nf or mat i onsuchasy ourcompl et ename,y ourpost aladdr ess,zi pcode,st at e,phone numbercr edi tcar daccountnumber ,i t sexpi r at i ondat eandi t ssecur i t ycode/ pi n.Upon ent er i ng t heabov ement i oned i nf or mat i on,i twi l lbev er i f i ed “ r eal t i me”byt hesi t e mer chant .I tusual l yt akesami nut et ov er i f ywhet hert hecr edi tcar di sv al i dori nv al i d.I f v al i d,t hei nf or mat i on y ouent er ed wi l lbest or ed i nt hewebsi t e’ sdat abaseser v er . Hacker sl ookf ort hef i l econt ai ni ngt hecr edi tcar di nf or mat i onofal lt hecust omer swho boughtf r om acer t ai necommer cesi t e.Uponacqui si t i ont her eof ,i twi l lbedecr y pt edt o make i tr eadabl e and al lt he i nf or mat i on of t he t r ansact i ons wi l lbe made av ai l abl e. Hacker spr ef erVI SA,AMERI CAN EXPRESSandMASTERCARDwhenf i l t er i ng cr edi tcar di nf or mat i on.I ti sbecauseVI SAandMASTERCARDar ewi del yaccept edby al mostALLI nt er netShoppi ngSi t es.Amer i canExpr essont heot herhandhasnoCREDI T LI MI T - Cr edi tcar dnumber sofAmer i canExpr essst ar twi t ht henumber3,Mast er Car dcr edi t car dsst ar twi t ht henumber5whi l eVI SACr edi tcar dsst ar twi t ht henumber4 - Amer i can Expr ess cr edi tcar ds hav e 15 di gi t s AccountNumberwhi l e Vi sa and Mast er car dcr edi tcar dscont ai n16. U M .C O M I nt er netShoppi ngUsi ngFr audul ent l yAcqui r edCr edi tCar d Hacker s,uponacqui r i ngt hedesi r edcr edi tcar di nf or mat i onnow conduct s“ wi ndow shoppi ng” ,hoppi ngf r om oneshopsi t et oanot her ,l ooki ngf orcel l phones,gadget s,appar el s, comput erper i pher al s,sof t war eset c.Whenhef i ndswhathewant st obuy ,het henadd/ shi s desi r ed i t em/ st ot heshoppi ng car tand checkout s.Hewi l lt hen suppl yt he Cr edi tCar d i nf or mat i on oft he f r audul ent l yacqui r ed cr edi tcar d such as t he Compl et e name oft he car dhol der ,addr ess,zi pcode,st at e,emai laddr ess,cr edi tcar dnumberandexpi r at i ondat e. Ot herper t i nenti nf or mat i onsuchasshi ppi ngaddr essoft hei t emsor der edwi l lhav et obe suppl i edt oo. O KS FO R Wi r eTr ansf erofFundsf r om Fr audul ent l yAcqui r edCr edi tCar d Whenahackerknowsy ourcompl et ecr edi tcar di nf or mat i on,hecanext r actCASHf r om t he acqui r ed cr edi t / debi tcar d onl i ne.Bysi gni ng up wi t h West er n Uni on MoneyTr ansf er ( ht t p: / / www. west er nuni on. com)usi ngt hef r audul ent l yacqui r edcr edi tcar di nf or mat i on,hecan pr et endt hathewi l lj ustsendmoneyt ohi sr el at i v eandwest er nuni onwi l ldi r ect l ydebi tt he cr edi tcar dandi twi l lr ef l ectont hebi l l i ngst at ementoft heor i gi nalcr edi tcar dhol der .Wi r e t r ansf eroff undsusi ngcr edi tcar dsr equi r et hecr edi tcar dsecur i t ynumber . VI SI T PD FB O Onl i neAuct i onFr aud Fi r st , t hef r audst ershoul dsi gnupf oranaccountatanonl i neauct i onsi t esuchasebay , y ahooauct i onsorUBi d Thef r audst erf al si f i esal li nf or mat i ont hatheent er sont hesi gnuppage.Theonl yt r ue i nf or mat i oni shi semai laddr ess, f orhewi l l becont act edbyi nt er est edbi dder sbymeans ofemai l . Hewi l lbeaskedt opr ov i deacr edi tcar d.Thi si swher ehewi l lneedt he f r audul ent l yacqui r edcr edi tcar d.Whenal loft her equi r edf i el dsar esi gnedup,hi s appl i cat i onwi l lbeappr ov edandhewi l lbear egi st er edmemberoft hesai dauct i onsi t e. Hei snowt henal l owedt obi d,andauct i onanyi t em.Af r audst erwi l lauct i onexpensi v e i t ems such as l apt ops,cel l phones,PDA’ s( handhel d dev i ces) ,deskt op comput er s, camcor der sandhar dt of i ndmemor abi l i as.Hewi l lt hensel li tatal owerpr i cef or l egi t i mat ebi dder st obi di mmedi at el y .Anonl i nef r audst eronl yaccept spay ment st hr u per sonalchecks,moneyor der ,wi r et r ansf erandwest er nuni onmoneyt r ansf er .I ti s bl unt l yst i pul at edi nhi sauct i onpage. TECHNI CALTERMS I SP–st andsf orI nt er netSer v i cePr ov i der .I tpr ov i desi nt er netser v i cet oi nt er netuser s. I PAddr ess–ser i esofnumber sassi gnedbyanI nt er netSer v i cePr ov i dert oani nt er netuser wheni tconnect st ot heI nt er net Dy nami cI PAddr ess–at y peofI PAddr esst hatchangesev er y t i met hei nt er netuseraccesses hi sI nt er netSer v i cePr ov i der .I ti susual l yassi gnedt odi al uporbasespeedbr oadbandser v i ce subscr i ber s( eg.I SPBonanza, Sur f maxx, PLDTmy DSL128kbpsser v i ceet c. ) St at i cI PAddr ess–at y peofI PAddr esst hati sconst antr egar dl essoft het i meornumberof at t empt st hei nt er netuseraccessest hei nt er net .I ti susual l yassi gnedt oHi ghSpeedI nt er net User sorCor por at eAccount s( eg.ADSL( Asy met r i cDi gi t alSubscr i berLi ne)connect i ons,E1 I nt er netConnect i ons,OC3I nt er netConnect i ons,T1I nt er netConnect i ons,LeasedLi neI nt er net Connect i ons) Websi t e–apor t f ol i oofaper son/or gani zat i on/ent i t y/companywhi chi spost edont he I nt er netf oraccessi bi l i t ywor l dwi de. M TheI NTERNETPROTOCOL( I P)ADDRESSi st heanchoroft hei nv est i gat i onofal lcr i mes commi t t edv i at hei nt er net .Thei dent i f i cat i onoft heI PAddr essl eadst ot hei dent i t yoft he I nt er netSer v i cePr ov i der( I SP)usedt oaccesst hei nt er netandev ent ual l yt hesubscr i beroft he accountwher et hei nt er netact i v i t ywasper f or med. .C O TheI P Addr essasgi v enbyt heI SP dependsont het y peofi nt er netaccountasubscr i ber mai nt ai ns, whet heri ti saDYNAMI CI PorSTATI CI P. R U M I fSt at i c: Subscr i beri nf or mat i on ( name,bi l l i ng addr ess,i nst al l at i on addr ess,t y peofi nt er net account , usageandcost set c. )i fappl i cabl e FO I fDy nami c l ogr epor t si ndi cat i ngt el ephonenumberusedt omake“ di al up”access PD FB O O KS VERYI MPORTANT: Theaddr essoft hesubscr i berasgi v enbyt heI SP orPhoneCompanyshoul d be anal y zedt odet er mi newhet heri ti saBi l l i ngAddr essoranI nst al l at i onAddr ess. Forpur posesofasear chwar r antappl i cat i on,t heI nst al l at i onAddr essi st hemor e i mpor t antmat t ert oconsi der .Thepur poseofaSear chWar r antappl i cat i on/i mpl ement at i oni na cy bercr i me i nv est i gat i on,as wi t h any ot herof f ense i st o conf i scat e and sei ze t he i nst r ument s/ i mpl ement s,t ool susedi nt hecommi ssi onoft heof f ense.Si ncet hecr i mewas commi t t edwi t ht heai dofacomput er , t hesameandi t sper i pher al sar et hei nst r ument susedi n i t scommi ssi on. VI SI T TOPTENSECURI TYTI PSFORCOMPUTERUSERS 1.Nev ersendanemai l t haty ouwoul dn' tl ety ourwi f eorbosst or ead. 2.Tur nof fy ourcomput erwheny ouar enotusi ngi t .I ti st heonl ysur ewayt okeept he hacker sout . 3.Useapasswor dt ol og ont oy ourcomput er .Mostoper at i ngsy st em l ety ouseta passwor dandt ochangei tr egul ar l y . 4.Don’ tacceptcooki es.I fy ouhav et o, del et et hem wheny ouar ef i ni shedsur f i ng. 5.Uset hel at estv er si onsandsof t war epat chesf ory ouremai landy ourbr owser .New secur i t yl oophol esar econst ant l ybei ngdi scov er ed. 6.Keepy ourant i v i r usupt odat e.Hacker snev err est .Ev er yemai lat t achmentcancont ai na v i r us, soscani tbef or ey ouopeni t . 7.Wat chy ourl apt opatt heai r por t .Bespeci al l ycar ef ulatXr aysecur i t ymachi nes,whi chi s wher emostl apt opt hef toccur . 8.Don’ tuset hesamepasswor dov erandov er .Makenewv ar i at i ons. 9.Useapapershr edder .Don’ tj ustt hr owoutunsol i ci t edcr edi tcar dappl i cat i on.Shr edt hem. 10.Nev ergi v eouty oursoci alsecur i t ynumber ,onl i neorof f .Thi si nf or mat i oni nawr ong handi sl i censet ost eal . TERRORI SM FB O O KS FO R U M .C O M - t hewor dt er r order i v esf r om t heLat i nwor dt er r er e, meani ng“ t of r i ght en” - t heuseort hr eat eneduseoff or cedesi gnt obr i ngaboutpol i t i calchange.( Br i anJenki nsof t heRandCor por at i on) - t heunl awf uluseoff or ceorv i ol enceagai nstper sonsorpr oper t yt oi nt i mi dat eorcoer cea gov er nment ,t heci v i l i anpopul at i on,oranysegmentt her eof ,i nf ur t her anceofpol i t i calor soci al obj ect i v es( FBI ) - anact i ont heur banguer i l l amustexecut ewi t ht hecol dbl oodedness, cal mnessanddeci si on ( Moder ngodf at herofur banguer i l l a, Car l osMar i ghel l a) - apr emedi t at ed, pol i t i cal l ymot i v at edv i ol enceper pet uat edagai nstnoncombat antt ar get sby gr oups ofcl andest i ne st at e agent s,usual l yi nt ended t oi nf l uence an audi ence ( U. S Depar t mentofSt at e) - Paul Pi l l ar , aner st whi l edeput ychi efoft heCI Acount er t er r or i stcent er , opi nedt hatt er r or i sm hasf ourbasi ccomponent sorel ement spr ov i di nggui dest odef i ni ngi t , namel y : 1.I ti spr emedi t at ed, pl annedi nadv ance, r at herani mpul si v eactofr age; 2.I ti spol i t i cal andnotcr i mi nal , butdesi gnedt ochangeexi st i ngpol i t i cal or der ; 3.I ti sai medatci v i l i ansandnotami l i t ar yt ar get sorcombatr eadyt r oops; and 4.Subnat i onal gr oupsexecut ei t , nott hear myofagi v encount r y . - t heunl awf ulort hr eat eneduseoff or ceorv i ol encebyaper sonoranor gani zedgr oup agai nstpeopl eorpr oper t y .Wi t ht hei nt ent i on ofi nt i mi dat i ng orcoer ci ng soci et i esor gov er nment s, of t enf ori deol ogi cal orpol i t i cal r easons, ( Webst erDi ct i onar y ) - at hr eatoract ualuseoff or ceorv i ol encef orpol i t i calorot herpur pose,t of ost erf ear , di st r ust , i nsecur i t y , andunr estamongspeci f i cort hegener al popul at i on - v i ol encef oref f ectnotpr i mar i l y ,andsomet i mesnotal lf ort hephy si calef f ectont heact ual t ar get , butr at herf ori t sdr amat i conanaudi ence - t hecal cul at eduseofv i ol enceort het hr eatofv i ol encet oat t ai ngoal s,of t enpol i t i calor i deol ogi cal i nnat ur e - v i ol entcr i mi nalbehav i ordesi gnedt ogener at ef eari nt hecommuni t y ,orasubst ant i al segmentofi t , f orpol i t i cal pur pose T PD I nt er nat i onalt er r or i sm pol i t i cal l y or i ent edext r emev i ol encet hati sper pet r at edbyr esi dent sorr epr esent at i v es ofoneormor ecount r i esagai nstt hei nt er estofanot hercount r yorbymember sofa v i ol entf or ei gnpol i t i cal l ydi r ect ed or gani zat i onnotaf f i l i at ed wi t ht hecount r ybei ng at t ackedf ort hepur poseoff or ci ngachangei ngov er nmentori nhowsoci et yf unct i ons VI SI AlQaeda i nAr abi c, t hi smeansTheBase f oundedbyOsamabi nLadeni n1980 Osamabi nLaden Or gani zedal Qaeda bor ni n1955or1957i nt heci t yofRi y adh r esponsi bl ef ort r ul yhei noust er r or i sti nci dent s,i ncl udi ngt he2001dest r uct i onoft he Wor l dTr ade Cent er( WTC) di edk i l l edi nPaki st anonMay2, 2011( Oper at i onNept uneSpear ) Ay manMohammedRabi eal Zawahi r i Bor nJune19, 1951 - AnEgy pt i anphy si ci an, I sl ami ct heol ogi anandcur r entl eaderof al Qaeda. Hamas -" ent husi asm“ - anacr ony m ofḤar akatal Muqāwamahal ʾ I sl āmi y y ah" I sl ami cResi st anceMov ement " ) - i st hePal est i ni anSunni I sl ami corI sl ami stpol i t i cal par t yt hatgov er nst heGazaSt r i p. - Shei khAhmedYassi n&MahmoudZahar - “ Hamasi sanext r emi stgr oup. . . i ti soneoft hedeadl i estt er r or i stor gani zat i onsi nt hewor l d t oday . ”Geor geW.Bush M .C O M Hezbol l ah - l i t er al l y" Par t yofGod“ - i saShi ' aMusl i m mi l i t antgr oupandpol i t i cal par t ybasedi nLebanon. - r ecei v esf i nanci alandpol i t i calsuppor tf r om I r anandSy r i a,andi t spar ami l i t ar ywi ngi s r egar dedasar esi st ancemov ementt hr oughoutmuchoft heAr abandMusl i m wor l ds - t heUni t edSt at es,t heNet her l andsUni t edKi ngdom,I sr ael ,Aust r al i a,andCanadacl assi f y Hezbol l ahasat er r or i stor gani zat i on, i nwhol eori npar t O KS FO R U JemaahI sl ami y a - Dat esofoper at i on:1993-pr esent - Al i ases:" I sl ami cCongr egat i on, I sl ami cCommuni t y , I sl ami cGr oup - BaseofOper at i on:I ndonesi a; Mal ay si a; Phi l i ppi nes; Si ngapor e - Foundi ngPhi l osophy :Cr eat eanI sl ami cst at eacr ossSout heastAsi at oi ncl udeSi ngapor e, I ndonesi a, Mal ay si a, Br unei , sout her nThai l and, andsout her nPhi l i ppi nes. - JIwasaddedt ot heUni t edNat i ons1267Commi t t ee' sl i stoft er r or i stor gani zat i onsl i nkedt o al Qaedaort heTal i banon25Oct ober2002underUNSecur i t yCounci l Resol ut i on1267 FB O Domest i cTer r or i sm -pol i t i cal l yor i ent edext r emev i ol encet hati sper pet r at edbyr esi dent sofacount r ywi t hi nt hat count r yi nor dert of or ceachangei ngov er nmentorhowi nsoci et yf unct i ons PD TERRORI STI NTHEPHI LI PPI NES VI SI T Raj ahSol ai manMov ement aka“ Bal i kI sl am”or“ BackToI sl am” f ounderHi l ar i ondelRosar i oSant osI I Iaka HannahSant os,akaAhmedSant os,aka Hi l ar i ondelRosar i o,conv er t edt oI sl am i n1993andmar r i edi nt ot het opr anksoft he l eader shi poft heAbuSay y afGr oup( ASG) oneoft hel at estgr oupsaf f i l i at edwi t hASG, MI LFandJI ABUSAYYAFGROUP( ASG) Al i ases: Al Har akatAl I sl ami y y ah, Bear eroft heSwor d, Fat heroft heSwor dsman Foundi ngPhi l osophy TheAbuSay y afGr oup( ASG)wasf or medi n1991dur i ngt hepeacepr ocessbet weent he Phi l i ppi negov er nmentandt henat i onal i st / separ at i stt er r or i stgr oup,t heMor oNat i onal Li ber at i onFr ont( MNLF) .Anger edbyt hemov ementt owar dapeacef ulr esol ut i on, cer t ai n MNLFmember sf or medAbuSay y af DI FFERENTTYPESOFTERRORI SM 1.Ant i col oni al Ter r or i sm 2.I deol ogi cal Ter r or i sm 3.Rel i gi ousTer r or i sm Et hnocent r i c - t hecat egor yoft er r or i stor gani zat i onwhi chi sai medatest abl i shi ngadomi nantorsuper i or r acet hatwi l l bel ookeduponbyt heent i r epopul acei nt hewor l d. .C O Pol i t i cal - t hecat egor yoft er r or i stgr oupwhi chai msi nr est r uct ur i ngt hesoci et y . M Rev ol ut i onar y - t hecat egor yoft er r or i stgr oupwhi chi sdedi cat edt oov er t hr ow anest abl i shedor derand r epl aci ngi twi t hanewpol i t i calorsoci alst r uct ur e. M Nat i onal i st i c - t hosewhocommi tact sofv i ol enceduet ot hei rl oy al t yordev ot i ont ot hei rcount r y . FO R U ROOTCAUSESOFTERRORI SM 1.Pol i t i calI deol ogi cal i sm 2.Rel i gi ousFanat i ci sm KS Ji had t het er m whi chr ef er st ot hehol ywarwagedbymember soft heI sl ami cr el i gi onagai nst t heJews. FB O O I DEOLOGY bodyofi deasaf f ect i ngt hesoci alneedsandaspi r at i onsofani ndi v i dualorgr oup,a cl assoracul t ur e” Bov i erdef i nesi tas“ asetofdoct r i nesorbel i ef st hatf r om t hebasi sofapol i t i cal , economi candot hersy st ems” . SI T PD TERRORI STTACTI CS 1.Bombi ngs 2.Assassi nat i onsandAssaul t s 3.Ki dnappi ng 4.Host aget aki ng/ sky j acki ng 5. We aponsofmassdest r uct i on( WMD) VI WHATI SWEAPONOFMASSDESTRUCTI ON( WMD) ? - t er m usedt odescr i beamassi v eweaponwi t ht hecapaci t yt oi ndi scr i mi nat el yki l ll ar ge numberofpeopl e - i tcoul dbenucl ear , bi ol ogi calandchemi calweapons Cat egor i esofchemi calagent s( most l yi nl i qui df or m) 1.Ner v eagent s 2.Bl i st er i ngagent s 3.Chocki ngagent s 4.Ner v eagent s 1.Ner v eAgent s - agent st hatdi sr uptt he mechani sm bywhi ch ner v es communi cat e wi t h or gans t hey st i mul at e - i not herwor dst heagent sget st hener v est osendt hewr ongsi gnalt ot hemuscl est hey cont r ol andhence, di sr uptmuscl ef unct i onoft hebody ex.Sar i nGas M 2.Bl i st er i ngAgent s t her ear et hr eecommonoft hi st y pe;t hemostwi del yknownar emust ar dgas,l ewi si t e, andphosgeneoxi me.Must ar dgas, f i r stusedi nWor l dWarI , wi l lcausedbl i st er i ngont he exposedpor t i onsoft hebody ,aswel lasoni nt er nalor gans.I twi l lgener al l ycause bl i ndnessandt hendeat hbyr espi r at or yf ai l ur e U R FO KS Bi ol ogi cal Agent s( l i qui dordr yf or m) 1.Ant hr ax 2.Bot ul i num t oxi n 3.Br ucel l osi s 4.Chol er a 5.Pl ague 6.Ty phoi df ev er 7.Ri cket t si a M .C O 3.Chocki ngAgent s one oft he deadl i estchoki ng agent si s phosgene gas.Thi s agentdamages t he r espi r at or ysy st em andcausest hel ungst of i l l wi t hwat er , andt huschokest hev i ct i m. Ex.chl or i ne T PD FB O O Ant hr ax asi ngl ecel lor gani sm t hati spr oducedbyaf er ment at i onpr ocess, suchast hatbywhi ch beeri smade causedbyBaci l l usant hr aci sandt heef f ect sofexposur ei ncl udeasev er ei nf ect i ont hat at t ackst heski n, l ungs, andgast r oi nt est i nal t r act - di r ectcont actwi l lcausef or mat i onofdr yscabsal lov ert hev i ct i msbodyandcan dev el op i nt osy st emat i ci nf ect i on wheni nhal ed,t heagentat t ackst her espi r at or ysy st em wi t hsy mpt omsappear i ngf r om onet osev enday s VI SI Bot ul i num t oxi n apr ot ei nmadebyt hecl ost r i di um bot ul i num bact er i a exposur et ot het oxi n,t hener v ecel lsy napsesar eaf f ect ed,causi ngpal sy ,spasms,and t henpar al y si s Br ucel l osi s al soknownasundul antf ev er sy mpt omscani ncl udei nt er mi t t entor sweat i ng, chi l l s, pai nsi nt hej oi nt sand pr ol onged f ev er , headaches, pr of use muscl esandf at i gue Chol er a anacut egast r oi nt est i nal di seasecausedbyVi br i oChol er a sy mpt omsi ncl udeasuddenonsetofnauseaandorv omi t i ngaccompani edbysev er e di ar r heaandar api dl ossofbodyf l ui ds Pl ague i nnat ur alt r ansmi t t alf or m,t hepl aguemayt hebuboni cpl ague,orbl ackdeat ht hat er adi cat edagr eatnumberofEur opeani nt hemi ddl eages - t r ansmi t t edf r om per sont oper sonbyr espi r at or yt r ansmi ssi on, t hr oughr at s, orf r om t he bi t eofani nf ect edf l ea - sy mpt oms ar e hi gh f ev eraccompani ed by gener alaches,sev er e weakness,and pneumoni a M Ty phoi df ev er - caused byan or gani sm cal l ed sal monel l at y phosawhi ch causesf ev erand f r ont al headachesandi susual l yaccompani edbyr osecol or edspot sont heski n - mustempl oy edt hr oughf oodandl i mi t edwat ercont ami nat i on M .C O Ri cket t si a - di seaset hatappear si ndomest i cat edani mal ssuchassheep, cat t l e, andgoat s - spr eadt ohumant hr oughi nhal at i onofpar t i cl escont ami nat edwi t hor gani sm - i ncubat i onper i od, r angi ngf r om 10t o14day s R U BOMBI NG FB O O KS FO Ter r or i stcommi tbombi ngsf oranumberofr easons: 1.Togai nmedi aat t ent i on, par t i cul ar l yt het ar geti sv i si bl eorsy mbol i c. 2.Bombi ngi sacostef f ect i v eandef f i ci entwayt oat t ackaf aci l i t y . 3.Bombi ngcanbeaccompl i shedwi t hasmal l numberofper sonnel . 4.Bombi ngi si nexpensi v ei ncompar i sont oal t er nat i v essuchaski dnappi ngorhost aget aki ng. 5.Random bombi ngmakeaconsi der abl ei mpactont hepopul at i on,becausemor epeopl e f earabombat t ackt hanbei ngki dnappedort akenhost age. 6.Expl osi v esar er eadi l yav ai l abl et hr ought hef t ,sy mpat het i csuppor t er s,orpur chase. Expl osi v es can be const r uct ed t hr ough t he use l egi t i mat el ypur chased chemi cal s, f er t i l i zer s, andot hermat er i al . VI SI T PD Ty pesofbomber s 1.Amat eur 2.Pr of essi onal 3.Psy chopat hi c 4.Sui ci dal 1.Amat eur -canbedescr i bedasexper i ment s 2.Pr of essi onal -bui l dsorbombsordoesbot hf orpr of i t 3.Psy chopat hi c -act swi t houtr hy meorr eason 4.Sui ci dal -maj orat t ackweaponi nr ecenty ear s, par t i cul ar l yamongI sl ami ct er r or i stgr oups Numberofel ement swhi char eal mostuni v er sali nmoder nt er r or i stact i v i t i es Theuseofv i ol encet oper suade Bombi ngsorot herat t acksar eempl oy edt o“ makeapoi nt ”wi t ht ar getv i ct i ms. Sel ect i onoft ar get sandv i ct i msf ormaxi mum pr opagandav al ueTheuseofunpr ov okedat t acks - Max i mum publ i ci t yatmi ni mum r i sk Useofsur pr i set oci r cumv entcount er measur es Thr eat s, har assment , andv i ol ence Di sr egar di ngwomenandchi l dr enasv i ct i ms Pr opagandai susedt omaxi mi zet heef f ectoft hev i ol ence Loy al t yt ot hemsel v esorki ndr edgr oups - HumanSecur i t yActof2007 Appr ov edonMar ch6, 2007 Ef f ect i v eonMay15, 2007 M R. A.9372 SI T PD FB O O KS FO R U M .C O Ter r or i sm –anyper sonwhocommi t sanactpuni shabl eunderanyoft hef ol l owi ngpr ov i si onsoft heRPC: ( Sec.3) 1.Ar t i cl e122( Pi r acyi nGener al andMut i nyi nt he Hi ghSeasori nt hePhi l i ppi neWat er s) ; 2.Ar t i cl e134( Rebel l i onorI nsur r ect i on) ; 3.Ar t i cl e134a( Coupd’ et at ) , i ncl udi ngact scommi t t edbypr i v at eper sons; 4.Ar t i cl e248( Mur der ) ; 5.Ar t i cl e267( Ki dnappi ngandSer i ousI l l egal Det ent i on) ; 6.Ar t i cl e324( Cr i mesI nv ol v i ngDest r uct i on) orunder 1.Pr esi dent i al Decr eeNo.1613( TheLawonAr son) ; 2.Republ i cActNo.6969( Toxi cSubst ancesandHazar dousandNucl earWast eCont r ol Actof1990) ; 3.Republ i cActNo.5207, ( At omi cEner gyRegul at or yandLi abi l i t yActof1968) ; 4.Republ i cActNo.6235( Ant i Hi j acki ngLaw) ; 5.Pr esi dent i al Decr eeNo.532( Ant i pi r acyandAnt i hi ghwayRobber yLawof1974) ; and, 6.Pr esi dent i alDecr eeNo.1866,asamended( Decr eeCodi f y i ngt heLawsonI l l egaland Unl awf ulPossessi on,Manuf act ur e, Deal i ngi n,Acqui si t i onorDi sposi t i onofFi r ear ms, Ammuni t i onsorExpl osi v es) t her ebysowi ngandcr eat i ngacondi t i onofwi despr ead and ext r aor di nar yf earand pani c among t he popul ace,i n or dert o coer ce t he gov er nmentt ogi v ei nt oanunl awf uldemandshal lbegui l t yoft hecr i meoft er r or i sm andshal lsuf f ert hepenal t yoff or t y( 40)y ear sofi mpr i sonment , wi t houtt hebenef i tof par ol easpr ov i dedf orunderActNo.4103,ot her wi seknownast heI ndet er mi nat e Sent enceLaw, asamended. VI R. A.9372, SEC.4.Conspi r acyt oCommi tTer r or i sm Per sonswhoconspi r et ocommi tt hecr i meoft er r or i sm shal lsuf f ert hepenal t yoff or t y ( 40)y ear sofi mpr i sonment Ther ei sconspi r acywhent woormor eper sonscomet oanagr eementconcer ni ngt he commi ssi onoft hecr i meoft er r or i sm Thepr ov i si onsofRepubl i cActNo.4200 ( Ant i Wi r eTappi ng Law)t ot hecont r ar y not wi t hst andi ng, apol i ceorl awenf or cementof f i ci alandt hemember sofhi st eam may , upona wr i t t enor deroft heCour tofAppeal s,l i st ent o,i nt er ceptandr ecor d,wi t ht heuseofanymode, f or m,ki ndort y peofel ect r oni corot hersur v ei l l anceequi pmentori nt er cept i ngandt r acki ng dev i ces,orwi t ht he use ofany ot hersui t abl e way s and means f ort hatpur pose,any communi cat i on,message,conv er sat i on,di scussi on,orspoken orwr i t t en wor ds bet ween member sofaj udi ci al l ydecl ar edandout l awedt er r or i stor gani zat i on,associ at i on,orgr oupof per sonsorofanyper sonchar gedwi t horsuspect edoft hecr i meoft er r or i sm orconspi r acyt o commi tt er r or i sm. Pr ov i ded,Thatsur v ei l l ance,i nt er cept i onand r ecor di ng ofcommuni cat i onsbet ween l awy er s and cl i ent s,doct or s and pat i ent s,j our nal i st s and t hei rsour ces and conf i dent i al busi nesscor r espondenceshal l notbeaut hor i zed. MONEYLAUNDERI NG M MONEYLAUNDERI NGI SACRI ME. MONEYLAUNDERI NGI SALSOTHEWORLD’ STHI RDLARGESTI NDUSTRYBYVALUE. Cashi sabear eri nst r umentandcompl et el yr epl aceabl eandeasi l yconv er t i bl e,l ends anony mi t yt omanyf or msofcr i mi nalact i v i t yandofcour sei st hepr ef er r edmedi um of exchangei nt hecr i mi nal wor l d. “ Cov er sal lpr ocedur est ochange,obscur eorconcealt hebenef i ci alowner shi poraudi t t r ai lofi l l egal l yobt ai nedmoneyorv al uabl essot hati tappear st ohav eor i gi nat edf r om a l egi t i mat esour ce. ” “ Apr ocesst hr oughwhi cht heexi st enceofani l l egalsour ceofunl awf ulappl i cat i onof i l l i ci tgai nsi sconceal edordi sgui sedt omaket hegai nsl egi t i mat e,t her ebyhel pi ngt o ev adedet ect i on, pr osecut i on, sei zur eandt axat i on. ” M FO R - U - .C O - KS “ MoneyLaunder i ng”i scal l edwhati ti sbecauset het er m per f ect l ydescr i beswhatt akes pl ace,i l l egalordi r t ymoneyi sputt hr oughacy cl eoft r ansact i ons,or“ washed” ,or“ l aunder ed” , sot hati tcomesoutt heot herendasl egal , orcl eanmoney . FB Howser i ousi st hepr obl em? O O I not herwor ds,t hesour ceofi l l egal l yobt ai nedf undsi sobscur edt hr oughasuccessi on oft r ansf er sanddeal si nor dert hatt hosef undscanev ent ual l ybemadet oappearl egi t i mat e i ncome. T PD Moneyl aunder i ngal l owscr i mi nal st opr eser v eandenj oyt hepr oceedsoft hei rcr i mes, pr ov i di ngt hem wi t ht hei ncent i v eandmeanst oper pet r at esuchact i v i t i esandatt hesamet i me expandandconsol i dat et hei rf or ces. VI SI Cor r upt sf i nanci ali nst i t ut i ons,cont r olsi zeabl e sect or s oft he economy t hr ough i nv est ment sandev enbr i beandi nf i l t r at egov er nment s.I next r emecases,i tmayl eadt ot he v i r t ual t akeov erofal egi t i mat egov er nment . Dest r oy st hei nt egr i t yofgov er nment s.Wi t ht hei ncr easi ngawar enessoft hei l l ef f ect sof moneyl aunder i ngandt hegr owi ngi nt er dependenceamonggl obalcommuni t i es,count r i est hat ar eknownt obeusedbymoneyl aunder er scoul dbepl acedi nabadl i ght ,adv er sel yaf f ect i ng t hei rf i nanci al i nst i t ut i onsandr el at i onswi t hi nr egi onal andgl obal economi es. Thet hr eecommonf act or si dent i f i edi nl aunder i ngoper at i onsar e: a.Theneedt oconceal t heor i gi nandt r ueowner shi poft hepr oceeds; b.Theneedt omai nt ai ncont r ol oft hepr oceeds; c.Theneedt ochanget hef or m oft hepr oceedsi nor dert oshr i nkt hehugev ol umesofcash gener at edbyt hei ni t i al cr i mi nal act i v i t y , t hesocal l ed“ pr edi cat eof f ense”or“ unl awf ul act i v i t y ” . I MPUNI TY - wi t houtf earofpr osecut i on wi t houtf earofconf i scat i on - O .C M U O KS - R - Thephy si cal di sposal ofcashpr oceedsder i v edf r om t heunl awf ul act i v i t y . Theai mi st or emov ecashf r om t hel ocat i onofacqui si t i ont oav oi ddet ect i on. Separ at i ngi l l i ci tpr oceedsf r om t hei rsour cebycr eat i ngcompl exl ay er soff i nanci al t r ansact i onsdesi gnedt odi sgui set hesour ceofmoney ,subv er tt heaudi tt r ai land pr ov i deanony mi t y . Thepur posei st odi sassoci at et hei l l i ci tpr oceedsf r om t heunl awf ulact i v i t ybycr eat i ng i nt ent i onal l yacompl exweboff i nanci alt r ansact i onsai medatconceal i nganyaudi tt r ai l aswel l ast hesour ceandowner shi poff unds. Thef i nalst agei nt hepr ocessatwhi cht hemoneyi si nt egr at edi nt ol egi t i mat eeconomi c andf i nanci al sy st emsandi sassi mi l at edwi t hal l t heot herasset si nt hesy st em. I nt egr at i onofl aunder edmoneyi nt ot heeconomyi saccompl i shedbymaki ngi tappear t ohav ebeenl egal l year ned.Thus,exceedi ngl ydi f f i cul tt odi st i ngui shbet weenl egaland i l l egal weal t h. FO - M Moneyl aunder i ngi snotasi ngl eactbuti si nf actapr ocesst hati saccompl i shedi nt hr ee basi cst epsorst ages: a.Pl acement b.Lay er i ng c.I nt egr at i on FB O Launder i ngofPr oceeds Mi xdi r t ymoneywi t hl egi t i mat ef unds Usedi r t ymoneyf orl egi t i mat epur poses I nv estdi r t ymoneyi nl egi t i mat ebusi ness/ es VI SI T PD TheVi ennaConv ent i onof1988– TheUni t edNat i onsConv ent i onAgai nstI l l i ci tTr af f i ci n Nar cot i cDr ugsandPsy chot r opi cSubst ances “ Todepr i v eper sonsengagedi ni l l i ci tt r af f i coft hepr oceedsoft hei rcr i mi nalact i v i t i es andt her ebyel i mi nat et hei rmai ni ncent i v ef ordoi ng. ” Taki ngpr of i tawayf r om t hecr i me! Fi ght i ngmoneyl aunder i ngpr ev ent st hecr i mi nal f r om enj oy i nghi si l l got t engai nsandhe wi l l al sobeunabl et oi nf uset hesamebackt ohi scr i mi nal act i v i t yoror gani zat i on. TheFi nanci alAct i onTaskFor ce( FATF)i st hei nt er nat i onalbodyf or medbyt hel eadi ng i ndust r i alcount r i esi nt hewor l d,col l ect i v el yknownast heGr oupofSev en( “ G7” ) , dur i ng t hePar i sG7Summi tof1989. TheFor t yRecommendat i ons Li stofmeasur est hatt heFATFencour agesal lnat i onst oadopti nor dert oi nst i t ut eand i mpl ementanef f ect i v eant i moneyl aunder i ngpr ogr am.Theyconst i t ut et hei nt er nat i onal st andar ds ofant i moneyl aunder i ng measur es wi t hr espectt ot he cr i mi nalj ust i ce sy st em, l awenf or cementpr ocedur esandt her egul at i onoft hef i nanci al sy st em. 1.Cr i mi nal i zat i onofmoneyl aunder i ng 2.Est abl i shmentofasy st em ofsuspi ci oust r ansact i onr epor t i ng 3.Cr eat i onofacent r al i zedf i nanci al i nt el l i genceuni tor“ FI U” 4.Remov al orr el axat i onofbanksecr ecyl aws 5.I nst i t ut i onofasy st em al l owi ngmut ualassi st anceandcooper at i onbet weencount r i est o appr ehendandpr osecut esuspect edmoneyl aunder er s M TheFATFcr acksdownont er r or i stf i nanci ngwi t ht hef ol l owi ngni nespeci alr ecommendat i ons: 6.Pr ov i det hewi destpossi bl er angeofassi st ancet oot hercount r i es’l aw enf or cementand r egul at or yaut hor i t i esf ort er r or i stf i nanci ngi nv est i gat i ons. 7.I mposeant i moneyl aunder i ngr equi r ement sonal t er nat i v er emi t t ancesy st ems. 8.St r engt hen cust omer i dent i f i cat i on r equi r ement si ni nt er nat i onaland domest i c wi r e t r ansf er s. 9.Ensur et hatent i t i es,i n par t i cul arnonpr of i tor gani zat i ons cannotbe used t of i nance t er r or i sm. M .C O Thepr ov i si onsoft heAnt i MoneyLaunder i ngActof2001( AMLA)orR. A.No. 9160,as amended,l ay s down t he Phi l i ppi ne pol i ci es and pr i nci pl es t o pr ev entbanks,i nsur ance compani esandt hesecur i t i esandcapi t almar ket sandi ndust r i esf r om bei ngut i l i zedbymoney l aunder er st o“ wash”t hei rsocal l ed“ di r t ymoney ” . FO R U Thet wof ol dpol i cyoft heAMLAar e: 1.Topr ot ectandpr eser v et hei nt egr i t yandconf i dent i al i t yofbankaccount s; 2.t oensur et hatt hePhi l i ppi nesi snotusedasamoneyl aunder i ngsi t eoft hepr oceeds ofunl awf ulact i v i t i es. VI SI T PD FB O O KS Thus,i ti st hePhi l i ppi nes’pol i cynotonl yt opr ot ectdeposi t or sandi nv est or sbutof equali mpor t ancei st hei nv est i gat i on,appr ehensi onandpr osecut i onofsuspect edmoney l aunder er s. Undert heAMLA,moneyl aunder i ngi s“acr i mewher ebyt hepr oceedsofanunl awf ul act i v i t yar et r ansact ed,t her ebymaki ngt hem appeart ohav eor i gi nat edf r om l egi t i mat e sour ces. ” MoneyLaunder i ngasacr i mei scommi t t edi nt hr ee( 3)di f f er entway sundert heAMLA “ Anyper sonknowi ngt hatanymonet ar yi nst r umentorpr oper t yr epr esent s,i nv ol v es,or r el at est o,t hepr oceedsofanyunl awf ulact i v i t y ,t r ansact sorat t empt st ot r ansactsai d monet ar yi nst r umentorpr oper t y . ” I mpr i sonmentof7t o14y ear sandaf i neofnotl esst hanP3Mi l l i onbutnotmor et han t wi cet hev al ueoft hemonet ar yi nst r umentorpr oper t yi nv ol v edi nt het r ansact i on. “ Anyper sonknowi ngt hatanymonet ar yi nst r umentorpr oper t yi nv ol v est hepr oceedsof anunl awf ulact i v i t y ,per f or msorf ai l st o per f or m anyactasar esul tofwhi chhe f aci l i t at est heof f enseofmoneyl aunder i ngr ef er r edt oi npar agr aph( a)abov e. ” I mpr i sonmentof4t o7y ear sandaf i neofnotl esst hanP1Mi l l i onbutnotmor et hanP 3Mi l l i on. “ Anyper sonknowi ngt hatanymonet ar yi nst r umentorpr oper t yi sr equi r edundert hi sAct t obedi scl osedandf i l edwi t ht heAnt i MoneyLaunder i ngCounci l ( AMLC) , f ai l st odoso. ” Ot herpenal t i esi ncl ude: For f ei t ur eoft hemonet ar yi nst r ument sorpr oper t yi nv ol v edi nt hemoneyl aunder i ng of f ensei nf av oroft hePhi l i ppi negov er nment . Per pet ualort empor ar yabsol ut edi squal i f i cat i onf r om publ i cof f i ce,ast hecasemaybe, i ft heof f enderbeapubl i cof f i ci al orempl oy ee. I ft heof f enderi sacor por at i on,par t ner shi p,associ at i onoranyj ur i di calper son,t he penal t yshal lbei mposedont her esponsi bl eof f i cerwhopar t i ci pat edi noral l owedby gr ossnegl i gencet hecommi ssi onoft hecr i me. “ Unl awf ulAct i v i t y ”r ef er st o anyactoromi ssi onorser i esorcombi nat i ont her eof i nv ol v i ngorhav i ngDI RECTr el at i ont oanyoft hef ol l owi ng: Pi r acyont hehi ghseas Qual i f i edThef t Swi ndl i ng Smuggl i ng Of f ensesundert heECommer ceAct Hi j acki ng, dest r uct i v ear son, mur der , Vi ol at i onsoft heSecur i t i esandRegul at i onCode Fel oni esorof f ensesofasi mi l arnat ur eunderpenal l awsofot hercount r i es M - M .C O TheAnt i MoneyLaunder i ngCounci l( AMLC)i st hef i nanci ali nt el l i genceuni toft hePhi l i ppi nes andi scomposedoft hef ol l owi ngof f i ci al s: - TheGov er noroft heBangkoSent r al ngPi l i pi nas - TheChai r per sonoft heSecur i t i esandExchangeCommi ssi on - TheCommi ssi oneroft heI nsur anceCommi ssi on R U A COVERED TRANSACTI ON i sat r ansact i on i n cash orot herequi v al entmonet ar y i nst r umenti nv ol v i ngat ot al amounti nexcessofPHP500, 000. 00wi t hi none( 1)banki ngday . KS FO Republ i cActNo.9160 appr ov edonSept ember29, 2001 t hi sActshal l beknownast he" Ant i MoneyLaunder i ngActof2001. “ FB O O Fort hepr ev ent i onofmoneyl aunder i ng,t heAMLAcont ai nsspeci f i cpr ov i si onsont he f ol l owi ngar eas: a.Cust omeri dent i f i cat i on b.Keepi ngofr ecor ds c.Recogni t i onandr epor t i ngofcov er edandsuspi ci oust r ansact i ons d.Tr ai ni ng SI T PD I mpor t anceofCust omerI dent i f i cat i on Thei nadequacyorabsenceof“ KYC”st andar dscansubj ectbankst oser i ouscust omerand count er( t hi r d)par t yr i sks, especi al l y : 1.Reput at i onal r i sk 2.Oper at i onal r i sk 3.Legal andconcent r at i onr i sk VI Reput at i onalRi sk - t he pot ent i alt hatadv er se publ i ci t yr egar di ng a bank’ s busi ness pr act i ces and associ at i ons,whet heraccur at eornot ,wi l lcauseal ossofconf i dencei nt hei nt egr i t yof t hei nst i t ut i on. Oper at i onalRi sk - t her i skofdi r ectori ndi r ectl ossr esul t i ngf r om i nadequat eorf ai l edi nt er nalpr ocesses, peopl eandsy st emsorf r om ext er nal ev ent s. LegalRi sk - t he possi bi l i t yt hatl awsui t s,adv er se j udgment s orcont r act st hatt ur n outt o be unenf or ceabl ecandi sr uptoradv er sel yaf f ectt heoper at i onsorcondi t i onofabank. RA9194 appr ov edonMar ch7, 2003 AnActAmendi ngRepubl i cActNo.9160, ot her wi seknownast heAnt i Money Launder i ngActof2001 M ARM SMUGGLI NG M .C O Smuggl i ng - al soknownast r af f i cki ng,i st hecl andest i net r anspor t at i onofgoodsorper sonspasta poi ntwher epr ohi bi t ed, suchasoutofabui l di ng, i nt oapr i son, oracr ossani nt er nat i onal bor der , i nv i ol at i onoft hel aworot herr ul es KS FO R U WHATAREFI REARMS? - i ncl udeshandguns,r ev ol v er s,pi st ol s,r i f l es,musket s,car bi nes,shot guns,cannonsand al lot herdeadl yweaponsf r om whi chabul l et ,bal l ,shot ,shal lorot hermi ssi l emaybe di schar gedbymeansofgunpowderorot herexpl osi v es - al soi ncl udesai rr i f l esandai rpi st ol snotcl assi f i edast oy sundert hepr ov i si onsof Execut i v e Or derNo.712 dat ed 28 Jul y1981.The bar r elofanyf i r ear m shal lbe consi der edacompl et ef i r ear m. SI T PD FB O O FI REARMSTRAFFI CKI NG - r ef er st ot heactofanyper sonwho,t hr ought heuseofanyf r audul entmachi nat i ons, shal li mpor torbr i ngi nt o,orexpor tf r om,t hePhi l i ppi nes,orassi sti nsodoi ng,any f i r ear m orpar t st her eof ,expl osi v eorammuni t i onormachi ne,i mpl ement s,equi pment s ort ool sf ort hemanuf act ur eoff i r ear ms. - shal l l i kewi ser ef ert ot heactofanyper sonwho, cont r ar yt ol aw, shal l : - r ecei v e,conceal ,buy ,sel l ,ori nanymannerf aci l i t at et het r anspor t at i on, conceal mentorsal e ofsai df i r ear ms orpar t st her eof ,expl osi v e or ammuni t i on ormachi ne,i mpl ement s,equi pment s ort ool sf ort he manuf act ur eoff i r ear ms,ammuni t i onorexpl osi v esaf t eri mpor t at i on, knowi ngt hesamet ohav ebeeni mpor t edcont r ar yt ol aw. VI Whydoest hi si l l i ci tact i v i t yf l our i sh? - I ti sadanger ousbutpr of i t abl ecr i mi nal ent er pr i se. - Howev er ,i tt hr eat ensnotonl ypubl i csaf et yandnat i onalsecur i t ybutal soendanger s, andof t ent i mes, t akesawayt hel i v esofi nnocentper sons. - I ti soneoft het r ansnat i onalor gani zedcr i mest hataf f ectnotonl yt hePhi l i ppi nesand ot hernei ghbor i ngAsi ancount r i esbutal sot her estoft hewor l d. - Thecount r yl acksant i f i r ear mssmuggl i ng/ t r af f i cki ngl aws. - Nor egi oni si mmunet oi l l i ci tt r adeandt r af f i cki ngi nsmal l ar msandl i ghtweapons - Col l abor at i v eandcooper at i v emeasur esar eessent i alt o addr esst hi st r ansnat i onal t hr eat . Whyshoul di tbeaddr essed? I tposesaser i oust hr eatt o nat i onalsecur i t yand a st umbl i ng bl ockt o economi c - dev el opment . Fi r ear mscanbet ool sofv i ol ence.Let t i ngt hecont r oloft het ool sofv i ol encegetoutof handcanbeadi sast erf or anysoci et y . M Ef f or t st ocur t ai lt hepr obl em I mpr ov ementoft het r aceabi l i t yoff i r ear ms; Passageofr el ev antl awsandpr ov i di ngst i f f erpenal t i est her et o; Encour agi ngr et ur nofl oosef i r ear mst hr oughpr ogr amssuchasamnest yand“ bal i kbar i l ” pr ogr ams; and Mor eext ensi v el awenf or cement . M .C O RELEVANTLAWS - TheMemor andum f ort heSI LGr ecommendi ngt hephaseoutoft heuse, manuf act ur eor sal eofPal t i k( homemade)Fi r ear ms; and - The PNP Ci r cul aron t he di sposi t i on ofCapt ur ed,Conf i scat ed,Sur r ender ed and Deposi t edFi r ear ms, Ammuni t i onandExpl osi v es. VI SI T PD FB O O KS FO R U BASI CFI REARMSLAWS, RULESANDREGULATI ONS: Sect i on1, Republ i cActNo.8294: Act spuni shabl e:Unl awf ulManuf act ur e,Sal e,Acqui si t i on,Di sposi t i onorPossessi onof Fi r ear msAmmuni t i onorI nst r ument sUsedorI nt endedt obeUsedi nt heManuf act ur eof Fi r ear msorAmmuni t i ons. Penal t y : Pr i si oncor r ecci onali ni t smaxi mum per i odandaf i neofnotl esst hatFi f t een Thousandpesos( P15, 000. 00) ( l owpower edf i r ear m suchasr i mf i r ehandgun,. 380or. 32andot herf i r ear m ofsi mi l ar f i r epower ,par toff i r ear m,ammuni t i onormachi ner y ,t oolori nst r umentusedori nt endedt obe usedi nt hemanuf act ur eofanyf i r ear m orammuni t i on:Pr ov i dedt hatnoot hercr i mewas commi t t ed) Sect i on1, Republ i cActNo.8294: - Act spuni shabl e:Unl awf ulManuf act ur e, Sal e, Acqui si t i on, Di sposi t i onorPossessi onof Fi r ear msAmmuni t i onorI nst r ument sUsedorI nt endedt obeUsedi nt heManuf act ur eof Fi r ear msorAmmuni t i ons. - Penal t y : Pr i si onmay ori ni t smi ni mum per i odandaf i neofThi r t yThousandpesos ( 30, 000. 00) - ( hi ghpower edf i r ear m whi chi ncl udest hosewi t hbor esbi ggeri ndi amet ert hat. 38 cal i berand9mi l l i met ersuchascal i ber40, 41, 44, 45andal sol essercal i ber edf i r ear ms butconsi der edpower f ulsuchascal i ber357andcal i ber. 22cent erf i r emagnum and ot herf i r ear mswi t hf i r i ngcapabi l i t yoff ul laut omat i candbybur stoft woort hr ee: Pr ov i dedhowev er , Thatnoot hercr i mewascommi t t edbyt heper sonar r est ed) I NTELLECTUALPROPERTYTHEFT I nt el l ect ualpr oper t yt hef ti susedi nt er changeabl ywi t hi nt el l ect ualpr oper t ypi r acywhi ch i st heunaut hor i zedcopy i ngofgoods,orwor kssuchassof t war e,f orr esal ebywayofpr of i tor t r ade;t hepr oduct i onandsal ebywayoft r adeofcopi esofgoodswhi chhav ebeenmade wi t houtt heaut hor i t yoft heowneroft hei nt el l ect ualpr oper t y ; t hef aci l i t at i onoft hei rpr oduct i on, andt hedi st r i but i onofsuchgoodsi ncl udi ngi mpor t at i onandr et ai l i ng;count er f ei t i ngorpi r at i ng ofgoodsf aci l i t at ed byuseoft heI nt er netorsat el l i t et echnol ogi es,orpi r acyort hef tof i nf or mat i onorbr oadcast s, orunaut hor i zedphot ocopy i ngofbooksf oreducat i onpur poses, orof unaut hor i z edenduserpi r acyofsof t war ebey ondt hepur chaser ’ sl i cense,orpi r acyofdomai n namesorcompanynames,orcount er f ei t i ngofcur r ency ;t heunaut hor i zedmanuf act ur eand M di st r i but i onofcopi esofsuchgoodsandwor kswhi char ei nt endedt oappeart obesosi mi l art o t heor i gi nalast obepassedof fasgenui neexampl es.Thi si ncl udesuseoff amousbr andson cl ot hi ngnotmanuf act ur edbyoronbehal foft heowneroft het r ademar k,andexactcopi esof CDs cont ai ni ng any mat er i alorsof t war e,whi ch ar et r aded i naf or m i nt ended t o be i ndi st i ngui shabl et oor di nar yconsumer sf r om t hegenui nepr oduct .I nt el l ect ualpr oper t yr i ghti s “ t hel egalowner shi pbyaper sonorbusi nessofacopy r i ght ,desi gn,andpat ent ,t r ademar k at t achedt oapar t i cul arpr oductorpr ocesswhi chpr ot ect st heowneragai nstunaut hor i zed copy i ngori mi t at i on.Suchpr oper t yr i ght sar eani mpor t antel ementofpr oductdi f f er ent i at i on andconf ert empor ar ymonopol yadv ant agest osuppl i er s”( Pass, LowesandDav i es1993:265) . Thet er mi nt el l ect ual pr oper t yr i ght si ncl udecopy r i ghtandr el at edr i ght s, t r ademar ksandser v i ce mar ks, geogr aphi ci ndi cat i ons, i ndust r i al desi gns, pat ent s, l ay out desi gns. KS knownast he" Ant i Camcor di ngActof2010 Appr ov edonMay13, 2010 O RA10088 - FO R U Republ i cActNo.8293 appr ov edonJune6, 1997 Thi sActshal l t akeef f ecton1Januar y1998. I nt el l ect ual Pr oper t yCodeoft hePhi l i ppi nes. M .C O Fourcat egor i esofi nt el l ect ualpr oper t yaccor di ngt oNi col eLeeperPi quer o - Pat ent s - Tr ademar ks - Tr adesecr et s - Copy r i ght O DRUGTRAFFI CKI NG PD FB TheDr ugTr ade Fr om t hef ar mer st ot hepr oducer s, t hesmuggl er s, t hest r eetdeal er s, andt heuser s, t he dr ugt r adei sdeepl yr oot edi nt hegl obaleconomy .I ti spr ot ect edandov er seenbypower f ul gr oupsknownasdr ugcar t el st hatmakehugepr of i t sf r om t hi smul t i bi l l i ondol l ari ndust r y . VI SI T Whati sdr ugt r af f i cki ng? anot hert er mf ordugt r ade r ef er st ot hei l l egal pr ocesst hr ough whi ch nar cot i csandot heri l l egal dr ugsar e pr oduced, t r anspor t ed, andsol d. t hei l l egalcul t i v at i on,cul t ur e,del i v er y ,admi ni st r at i on,di spensat i on,manuf act ur e,sal e, t r adi ng,t r anspor t at i on,di st r i but i on,i mpor t at i on,expor t at i on and possessi on ofany danger ousdr ugand/ orcont r ol l edpr ecur sorandessent i al chemi cal . gener al l yr ef er st ot hesal eanddi st r i but i onofi l l egal dr ugs R. A.6425– Danger ousDr ugActof1972wasr epeal edby , R. A.9165– Compr ehensi v eDanger ousDr ugActof2002 ENVI RONMENTALCRI ME Env i r onment alCr i me - t he del i ber at e ev asi on ofenv i r onment all aws and r egul at i ons by i ndi v i dual s and compani esi nt hepur sui tof“ per sonali nt er estand benef i t . ”Wher et heseact i v i t i es i nv ol v emov ement sacr ossnat i onalboundar i es,ori mpact supont hewor l dasawhol e, t heycanbet er med" i nt er nat i onal env i r onment al cr i me” .C O M Themostcommont y pesofenv i r onment al cr i mef al l undert hesemaj orcat egor i es: ( 1)bi odi v er si t y ; ( 2)nat ur al r esour cesr el at edcr i me; ( 3)wast es; ( 4)bannedsubst ances; ( 5)ot herenv i r onment alof f encesl i kebi opi r acyandt r anspor tofcont r ol l edbi ol ogi calor genet i cal l ymodi f i edmat er i al ;I l l egaldumpi ngofoi landot herwast esi noceans;v i ol at i onsof pot ent i al t r ader est r i ct i onsundert he1998Rot t er dam Conv ent i onont hePr i orI nf or medConsent Pr ocedur ef orCer t ai nHazar dousChemi cal sandPest i ci desi nI nt er nat i onalTr ade;Tr adei n chemi cal si ncont r av ent i ont ot he2001St ockhol m; Conv ent i ononPer si st entOr gani cPol l ut ant s; andf uel smuggl i ngt oav oi dt axesorf ut ur econt r ol soncar bonemi ssi ons. M ECONOMI CCRI ME FO R U Economi cCr i me - r ef er r edt oascommer ci al cr i mesandknownal soas“ whi t ecol l ar ”cr i mes - anyactchar act er i zed byf r aud,conceal ment ,ora v i ol at i on oft r ustand ar e not dependentupont heappl i cat i onort hr eatofphy si cal f or ceorv i ol ence PI RACYANDARMEDROBBERYAGAI NSTSHI PS SI T PD FB O O KS SeaPi r acyi sdescr i bedas ( 1)anactofanyper sonwho,ont hehi ghseas,shal lat t ackorsei zeav esselor ,notbei nga memberofi t scompl ement ,norapassenger ,shal lsei zet hewhol eorpar toft hecar goof sai dv essel , i t sequi pment , orper sonal bel ongi ngofi t scompl ementorpassenger s; ( 2)anyat t ackuponorsei zur eofanyv essel ,ort het aki ngawayoft hewhol eorpar tt her eof ,or i t s car go,equi pment ,ort he per sonalbel ongi ngsofi t s compl ementorpassenger s, i r r espect i v eoft hev al uet her eof ,bymeansofv i ol enceagai nstori nt i mi dat i onofper sons orf or ceupont hi ngscommi t t edbyanyper son,i ncl udi ngapassengerormemberor compl ementofsai dv essel , i nPhi l i ppi newat er s, and ( 3)anyper sonwhoknowi ngl yandi nanymannerai dsorpr ot ect spi r at es, suchasgi v i ngt hem i nf or mat i onaboutt hemov ement soft hepol i ceorot herpeaceof f i cer soft hegov er nment , oracqui r esorr ecei v espr oper t yt akenbysuchpi r at es,oranyper sonwhoabet st he commi ssi onoft hepi r acy . VI Thedef i ni t i onofpi r acyi scont ai nedi nar t i cl e101oft he1982Uni t edNat i onsConv ent i onson t heSea( UNCLOS) “ Pi r acyconsi stofanyoft hef ol l owi ngact s: a.anyi l l egalact sofv i ol enceordet ent i on,oranyactofdepr edat i on,commi t t edf or pr i v at eendsbyt hecr ew ort hepassenger sofapr i v at eshi porapr i v at eai r cr af tand di r ect ed: a. 1ont hehi ghseas,agai nstanot hershi porai r cr af t ,oragai nstper sonsor pr oper t yonboar dofsuchshi porai r cr af t . a. 2agai nstashi p,ai r cr af t ,per sonorpr oper t yi napl aceout si det hej ur i sdi ct i on ofanySt at e. b.Anyactofv ol unt ar ypar t i ci pat i oni nt heoper at i onofashi poranai r cr af twi t h knowl edgeoff act smaki ngi tapi r at eshi porai cr af t ; c.Anyacti nci t i ngorofi nt ent i onal l yf aci l i t at i nganactdescr i bei nsubpar agr aph( a)or( b) VI SI T PD FB O O KS FO R U M .C O M SMUGGLI NGOFCULTURALPROPERTI ES Smuggl i ngofCul t ur alPr oper t yr ef er st ot heactofanyper sonwho,t hr ought heuseof anyf r audul entmachi nat i ons,shal li mpor torbr i ngi nt o,orexpor tf r om,t r ansf erf r om,t he Phi l i ppi nes, orassi sti nsodoi ng, anycul t ur al pr oper t i es. Cul t ur alpr oper t i esar eol dbui l di ngs,monument s,shr i nes,document s,andobj ect swhi chmay becl assi f i edasant i ques, r el i cs, orar t i f act s, l andmar ks, ant hr opol ogi calandhi st or i calsi t es, and speci mensofnat ur alhi st or ywhi char eofcul t ur al ,hi st or i cal ,ant hr opol ogi calorsci ent i f i cv al ue and si gni f i cance t ot he nat i on;such as phy si cal ,ant hr opol ogi cal ,ar chaeol ogi caland et hnogr aphi cmat er i al s, met eor i t esandt ekt i t es; hi st or i calobj ect sandmanuscr i pt s;househol dandagr i cul t ur ali mpl ement s;decor at i v ear t i cl es orper sonalador nment ;wor ksofar tsuchaspai nt i ngs,scul pt ur es,car v i ngs,j ewel r y ,musi c, ar chi t ect ur e,sket ches,dr awi ngs,ori l l ust r at i onsi npar tori nwhol e;wor ksofi ndust r i aland commer ci alar tsuchasf ur ni t ur e,pot t er y ,cer ami cs,wr oughti r on,gol d,br onze,si l v er ,woodor ot herher al di ci t ems,met al s,coi ns,medal s,badges,i nsi gni as,coatofar ms,cr est s,f l ags,ar ms andar mor , v ehi cl esorshi psorboat si npar tori nwhol e.
