RANGER INSTRUCTOR TRAINING AND EDUCATION PROGRAM
INSTRUCTOR
Squad Tactics
Narrative Book
JANUARY 2013
Reference: SH 21-76; pg 6-1
Fire Team Wedge Movement Formation
1. Fighting Formation
2. Lead Fire Team, HQ Element, Trail Fire Team
3. MG Placement
4. Leader Positions (Fixed/Unfixed)
5. Equal Distribution of MWE
6. 360 Degree Security
7. Traveling
8. Traveling Over Watch
9. Bounding Over Watch
10. Distances between elements (Veg/Terrain)
11. Visibility
Fire Team Wedge
Security Halt
Independent Sector /
Principle Direction of Fire
Actions at the Halt During Limited Visibility
1. Lead Fire Team Leader Calls Halt
2. Squad Leader Call Halt
3. Stop, Look, Listen, Smell
4. Pinpoint/Decision Point
5. Strong Point / Long Halt
6. Disseminate
7. MG Placement
8. Spot-check
9. Prepare to Move
10. Head Count
Modified Wedge
Security Halt
Interlocking sectors of fire,
35 meters out (HG range)
________________ Alpha TL
________________AR
AG
MG
R/CM ____________________
AG ___________
MG ___________
GR ___________________
ALPHA TL
R/CM
SL _____________
RTO
AR
Modified Wedge Movement Formation
1. Lead Fire Team, HQ Element, Trail Fire Team ______________RM/CM
2. MG Placement
3. Leader Positions (Fixed/Unfixed)
Actions at the Halt During Good Visibility
1. Lead Fire Team Leader Calls Halt
2. Hand and Arm signal
3. Short Halt Posture
4. Elements Close Gaps
5. MG Placement
6. Squad Leader Call Halt
7. Stop, Look, Listen, Smell
8. Pinpoint/Decision Point
9. Strong Point / Long Halt
10. Disseminate
11. MG Placement
12. Spot-check
13. Prepare to Move
MAY 2012
Formations and Order of Movement
SL
GR
RTO ____________
AR __________________
R/CM
__________________GR
AR
Bravo TL __________________
BRAVO TL
GR
Fire Team Wedge
Modified Wedge
_________________
Alpha Team Leader
Alpha Team Leader
10
meters
at 45°
_______________ AR
3-5 meters
at 45 °
RM/CM ________________
GR __________________
AR
20 meters (Traveling)
50 meters (Traveling Over Watch)
Squad Leader
_______________
R/CM
GR
Squad Leader
________________
MG
RTO
RTO _________________
MG
_______________
AG
AG
20 meters spacing for
traveling / traveling over
watch
R/CM
_______________
Bravo Team Leader
___________________
__________________
GR
RM/CM
AR __________________
AR
Bravo Team Leader
GR
Formations and Order of Movement
SEPTEMBER 2012
INTRODUCTION
Good morning Rangers, my name is (Rank) (Name). I will be the primary instructor for your
next period of instruction, which is on Formations and Order of Movement, commonly known as
FOOM. Reference in page 6-1 of the Ranger Handbook.
INTRODUCE BOARD
First, let me familiarize you to this board. On the left side, I have notes that will help you
follow this period of instruction. In the middle, I have the fire team wedge security halt and a
twelve-man Infantry squad broken down into fire team wedges. On the right, I have a modified
wedge security halt and a twelve-man Infantry squad broken down into the modified wedge. You
will notice my board is color coded but not personalized. Here at Camp Darby and throughout
Ranger School, all of your boards will be color coded and personalized. Color coded refers to the
lead fire team displayed in blue, the headquarters element in yellow, and the trail fire team in
green. Personalized boards place the Ranger’s name next to his assigned position. An example of
this would be Ranger __________ as the lead fire Team Leader.
I.
MOVEMENT FORMATION (GOOD VISIBILITY)
The most common movement formation in the U.S. Army is the fire team wedge. The fire
team wedge is a fighting formation that enables 360 degree security at all times, equally
distributes personnel and weapons, and is easy to control.
A.
FIRE TEAM WEDGE
Focus on the displayed fire team wedge. In every fire team wedge, the separation between
team members is approximately 10 meters at a 45 degree angle.
You can see an example of this on the board. Notice the distance between personnel and the angle
in which they follow. This 10 meter at a 45 degree angle rule will apply throughout the entire
movement formation.
First, we will walk through the lead fire team. The Team Leader stands at the apex of the
formation. The Team Leader is responsible for frontal security, route selection, and land
navigation.
Next is the automatic rifleman standing to the left and rear of the Team Leader.
Following the Team Leader is the rifleman / compass man standing to the right and rear of
the Team Leader. The Ranger who doesn’t carry a key weapon has the additional duty as
compass man so the Team Leader is free to perform his three required duties.
Finally, the Grenadier stands to the right and rear of the rifleman / compass man. This is
the lead fire team.
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The next element in the order of movement is the Headquarters element. The Squad Leader
stands at the apex of this element. The Squad Leader is responsible for accountability, command
and control, and everything the squad does or fails to do.
Next is the RTO standing to the right and rear of the Squad Leader.
Leader.
Following the Squad Leader is the M240B gunner standing to the left and rear of the Squad
Following the RTO is the assistant gunner standing to the left and rear of the M240B gunner.
This is the headquarters element.
The final element in the order of movement is the trail fire team. The Team Leader stands at
the apex of the team. The trail fire Team Leader is responsible for rear security and assisting the
Squad Leader in maintaining accountability and command and control.
Next is the automatic rifleman standing to the right and rear of the Team Leader.
Following the Team Leader the rifleman / compass man stands to the left and rear of the
Team Leader.
Finally is the grenadier standing to the left and rear of the rifleman / compass man.
Rangers, this is the trail fire team.
B.
M240B TEAM
Currently, the M240B is on the left of the formation. This is known as a heavy left
formation. If the M240B were on the right, the formation would be heavy right. The Squad Leader
deploys the M240B based on METT-TC analysis. Common factors that affect this decision are the
enemy’s probable course of action and likely avenues of approach. The Squad Leader can move the
M240B during movement to the other flank by directing the machine gunner to move. The RTO,
M240B gunner and AG can change positions without halting the element.
C.
LEADER POSITIONS FIXED / UNFIXED
Next we will discuss leader positions. The Squad Leader and the trail Team Leader’s
positions are not fixed. This means that the Squad Leader can move anywhere within the Squad
while the trail Team Leader can move anywhere within his team to maintain control.
The lead Team Leader is an exception because his position is fixed within the
formation. He must remain at the apex of the formation so he can perform frontal security, route
selection, and land navigation. The lead Team Leader leads by example and must be ready to
deploy his fire team since they will probably make first contact.
D.
EQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF M,W,E (Point out each position as discussed)
Notice that the fire team wedge allows an equal distribution of personnel and weapons. This
allows the Squad Leader to engage the enemy in any direction with an automatic rifleman, a
rifleman, and a grenadier with the hopes of not losing the same two types of weapon systems on
initial contact.
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Notice that the automatic rifleman in the lead team is on the left flank and that the
automatic rifleman in the trail team is on the right flank. The rifleman and the grenadier in the lead
team are on the right flank and the rifleman and grenadier in the trail team are on the left flank. If
the squad were hit in the front, rear, left or right flank, an automatic rifleman, a rifleman, and a
grenadier can engage the enemy.
Examine these scenarios. If the enemy is in front, the automatic rifleman, rifleman and
grenadier from the lead fire team can engage the enemy. If the enemy is on the right flank, the
grenadier and rifleman from the lead fire team and the automatic rifleman from the trail fire team
can engage the enemy. The squad has the same security for rear and left flank contact.
E.
360 DEGREE SECURITY (Point out each position and sector as discussed)
The fire team wedge enables 360 degree security at all times. In the example on the
board, the lead Team Leader is responsible for frontal security from the 10 o’clock to 2 o’clock
locations. The Rangers from the rifleman in the lead team to the automatic rifleman in the trail team
are responsible for right flank security from the 2 o’clock to 4 o’clock locations. The grenadier in the
trail team is responsible for rear security from the 4 o’clock to 8 o’clock locations. The Rangers from
the rifleman in the trail team to the automatic rifleman in the lead team are responsible for left
flank security from the 8 o’clock to 10 o’clock positions.
As you can see the fire team wedge enables an equal distribution of personnel and
weapons, 360-degree security at all times, and easy control.
II.
MOVEMENT TECHNIQUES
There are three movement techniques available when moving in the fire team wedge. The
three movement techniques are traveling, traveling overwatch, and bounding overwatch.
A.
TRAVELING (Point out each position and sector as you discuss it)
Squads use the traveling movement technique behind friendly forward lines when contact is
NOT LIKELY. The distances between personnel remain the same as I just described. However, the
distances between elements or teams are approximately 20 meters. In our example, the
distance between the last man in the lead team, the grenadier, and the first man in the
headquarters’ element, the Squad Leader, is approximately 20 meters. The distance between the
last man in the headquarters’ element, the AG, and the first man of the trail team, the trail Team
Leader, is approximately 20 meters.
B.
TRAVELING OVERWATCH
Squads use the traveling overwatch movement technique forward of the friendly forward
lines when contact is POSSIBLE. The only difference between the traveling and the traveling
overwatch techniques is the distance between the lead team and the headquarters element is 50
meters. In our example, the distance from the last man in the lead team, the grenadier, to the first
man in the headquarters element, the Squad Leader, is approximately 50 meters. The distance
between the last man in the headquarters element, the AG, and the first man of the trail team, the
trail Team leader, is still approximately 20 meters.
C.
BOUNDING OVERWATCH
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Squads use the bounding overwatch movement technique forward of friendly forward lines
when enemy contact is EXPECTED. In this period of instruction, I will not go into detail on this
movement technique because you will receive an in-depth class during the open danger areas period
of instruction. However, you need to remember two things about the bounding overwatch
movement technique. First, the Squad Leader and the headquarters element usually stay with the
overwatch element. Secondly, the bounding element does not bound more than small arms range,
or out of sight of the overwatch element. This is normally no more than 150 meters.
III.
DISTANCES
So far I have discussed the distances between personnel and elements or teams. Keep in
mind that these distances are based on control but dictated by vegetation, terrain and visibility.
A.
VEGETATION
Rangers may have to operate in a thickly vegetated area such as the Philippines. In this
type of vegetation, leaders might decide to decrease the distances between personnel and teams
to maintain control.
Alternatively, Rangers may have to operate in a sparsely vegetated area such as
wintertime in the U.S. In this type of vegetation, leaders might decide to increase the distances
between personnel and teams as long as they can still maintain control.
B.
TERRAIN
Army Rangers may have to operate in terrain such as the rolling hills of Georgia. In this
terrain, one team might be in the low ground while another crests the top of a hill. In this scenario,
leaders might decide to decrease the distance between teams to maintain control.
Alternatively, Rangers may have to operate in a desert environment such as Iraq or
Afghanistan. In this terrain, leaders might decide to increase the distances between personnel
and teams as long as they can still maintain control.
C.
VISIBILITY
There are two types of visibility: good visibility and limited visibility. Good visibility is a
great asset during a patrol. However, there may be periods of limited visibility such as rain, snow,
fog, and/or smoke from the battlefield, and of course, darkness. In any of these situations, leaders
might decide to modify their movement formation into the modified wedge in order to maintain
control.
As you can see control is the most important factor in determining your distances.
IV.
MOVEMENT FORMATION (LIMITED VISIBILITY)
Focus on the displayed modified wedge. The modified wedge is nothing more than
collapsing the flanks of the Fire Team wedge into two columns. In the modified wedge, the distance
between men is approximately 3-5 meters at a 45 degree angle.
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You can see an example of this on the board. Notice the distance between personnel and the
angle in which they follow. This rule will apply throughout the entire movement formation.
A.
MODIFIED WEDGE
At the apex of the formation is the lead Team Leader. He is still responsible for frontal
security, route selection and land navigation. The rifleman / compass man is to the right and
rear of the lead Team Leader and still performs his additional duty I explained earlier. The
automatic rifleman is to the left and rear of the rifleman / compass man. The grenadier is to the
right and rear of the automatic rifleman. This is the lead fire team.
The Squad Leader is to the left and rear of the lead fire team grenadier. The Squad Leader is
still responsible for accountability, command and control and whatever the Squad does or
fails to do. The RTO is to the right and rear of the Squad Leader. The M240B gunner is to the left
and rear of the RTO. The assistant gunner is to the right and rear of the M240B gunner. This is the
Headquarters’ element.
The trail fire team rifleman / compass man is to the left and rear of the AG. The automatic
rifleman stands to the right and rear of the rifleman / compass man. The trail fire Team Leader is to
the left and rear of the automatic rifleman. The trail fire Team Leader is still responsible for rear
security and assisting the Squad Leader in maintaining accountability and command and
control. The grenadier stands to the right and rear of the trail fire Team Leader. Rangers, this is
the trail Fire team.
B.
MODIFIED WEDGE: M240B
Once again, the M240B gunner is on the left flank. However, this is NOT considered a
heavy left or right formation when the squad uses the modified wedge formation. Based on the
Squad Leader’s METT-TC analysis, the enemy’s most likely avenue of approach, and the enemy’s
most probable course of action, the Squad Leader decides whether to place the M240B on the left or
right side of the formation. Again, the Squad Leader can shift the M240B to the other without
halting the element. The Squad Leader just tells the M240B gunner to switch out with the RTO.
C.
MODIFIED WEDGE: LEADER POSITIONS FIXED / UNFIXED
Once again, the Squad Leader and trail Fire Team Leader’s positions are not fixed
positions. The Squad Leader can move anywhere within the squad in order to maintain control and
the trail fire Team Leader can move anywhere within his team in order to maintain control. The
lead fire Team Leader is an exception because his position is still fixed within the formation.
The lead fire Team Leader remains at the front of his formation so that he can perform his three
duties of frontal security, route selection and land navigation. The lead fire Team Leader leads
by example and stays ready to immediately deploy his fire team because the lead team is most
likely to make contact first.
V.
ACTIONS AT THE HALT (GV)
While moving, it may be necessary to call a halt. For instance, the Squad Leader may want to
conduct a map check, cross load heavy equipment, or conduct a water break. Although anyone in
the patrol can call a halt, the lead fire Team Leader or the Squad Leader normally calls it. The
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reasons that anyone besides a leader should call a halt include sighting the enemy or signs of the
enemy, losing mission essential equipment, or suffering an injury.
A.
LEAD TL CALLS HALT – GOOD VISIBILITY
While moving during the hours of good visibility in the fire team wedge, the lead fire Team
Leader may find it necessary to call a halt. If there is a need to halt, the lead Team Leader gives the
hand and arm signal to halt to his team. The hand and arm signal to halt is nothing more than using
the non-firing hand with the fingers extended and joined, palm facing forward, arm bent at a 90degree angle, upper arm parallel to the ground. (Demonstrate) The lead Team Leader moves to
the next available position that provides cover and concealment and assumes the short halt
posture.
The Short Halt posture consists of taking a knee behind cover and concealment with your
rucksack on your back, your weapon at the ready, pulling security in your assigned sector of fire.
The lead fire Team Leader ensures that the rest of his team also assumes the Short Halt
posture. When halted, the lead fire team is responsible for security from the
9 o’clock thru the 12 o’clock to the 3 o’clock position.
During this time, the Squad Leader continues to close the distance between the
Headquarters’ element and the lead fire team. The Squad Leader moves until the trail fire team can
achieve interlocking sectors of fire with the lead fire team. When the Squad Leader reaches the
point where the teams can interlock their fires, the Squad Leader gives the hand and arm signal to
halt. Then, he assumes the short halt posture and ensures that the rest of his element does the
same.
At all halts the Squad Leader decides where to emplace the M240B Gun Team based on
his METT-TC analysis, the enemy’s most likely avenue of approach and the enemy’s most probable
course of action. In this case, since the lead fire Team Leader called the halt, the Squad Leader will
most likely leave the M240B Gun Team at the 9 o’clock until the Squad Leader determines why the
lead fire Team Leader called the halt.
The trail fire Team Leader continues moving his team forward to achieve interlocking
sectors of fire with the lead fire team. Once there, the trail fire Team Leader issues the hand and
arm signal to halt, assumes the short halt posture, and ensures that the rest of his fire team does the
same.
The squad wants interlocking sectors of fire approximately 35 meters out (hand
grenade range). The trail fire team is responsible for security from the 3 o’clock thru the 6 o’clock
to the 9 o’clock. The trail fire Team Leader ensures that his grenadier pulls rear security from the 4
o’clock to the 8 o’clock.
Since the lead Fire Team Leader called the halt the Squad Leader moves up to the lead Team
Leader’s location to find out why he has called the halt. En route the Squad Leader spot checks the
lead Fire Team to ensure that they are in the proper short halt posture.
The trail Fire Team Leader ensures that his Grenadier is pulling rear security, and spot
checks his men to ensure that they are in the short halt posture behind cover and concealment. He
then moves forward to the Squad Leader’s last known location, spot-checking the headquarters’
personnel as he moves forward, once at the Squad Leader’s last known location he waits for further
guidance on a knee inside the perimeter.
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Once the Squad Leader has moved up to the lead Fire Team Leader’s location he then finds
out why the lead Team Leader has called the halt. For example, he has spotted a potential linear
danger area, he wanted his men to cross load equipment or conduct a water break.
If the Squad Leader wanted to go ahead and move out at this time he would give the Team
Leaders the order to get their men prepared to move.
B.
SL CALLS HALT – GOOD VISIBILITY
While moving in periods of good visibility if the Squad Leader wanted to call a halt he would
send the signal to halt either by hand and arm signal or by FM to the lead Fire Team Leader. Once
the lead Fire Team Leader receives the command to halt, he finds a suitable location and the Squad
then halts as previously described.
C.
CONDUCT SLLS – GOOD VISIBILITY
In periods of good visibility the Squad Leader can use the hand and arm signal to initiate
SLLS. The hand and arm signal to initiate SLLS is nothing more than taking your non-firing hand
and cupping it behind the corresponding ear. (Demonstrate)
SLLS stands for Stop, Look, Listen, and Smell.
1. STOP: You will stop all movement
2. LOOK: You will look for signs of the enemy, like trash, old fighting positions, expended
brass, or the enemy themselves.
3. LISTEN: You will listen for signs of the enemy, like engines running, the enemy talking, or
the enemy moving.
4. SMELL: You will smell for signs of the enemy, like food, smoke from fires, or POL products
(fuels).
SLLS will be conducted for 3-5 minutes or for as long as the Squad Leader deems
necessary. In periods of good visibility the Squad Leader will terminate SLLS by using his nonfiring hand and making a slashing motion by his ear, by rotating his hand at the wrist.
(Demonstrate)
Because the Squad Leader called the halt, the Team Leaders need to move to his location to
see why the Squad Leader has called a halt. The lead Fire Team Leader has the Rifleman/Compass
man assume frontal security from the 10 o’clock to 2 o’clock. He also spot checks his Fire team to
ensure that they are in the short halt posture as he works his way to the Squad Leader’s location.
At the same time, the trail Fire Team Leader ensures that the last man in his team is pulling
rear security from the 4 o’clock to the 8 o’clock. He then spot checks his team to ensure that they
are in the short halt posture. While en route to the Squad Leader’s location he also checks the
Headquarters’ element to ensure that they are in the short halt posture.
Once the Team Leaders reach the Squad Leader’s location, the Squad Leader tells them why
they have halted. For example, he wants to cross-load heavy equipment, conduct a water break, or
conduct a security halt for whatever reason he deems necessary.
D.
PINPOINT / DECISION POINT – GOOD VISIBILITY
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The Squad Leader gives tasks, conditions and standards on how he wants to pinpoint his
location on the map. He tells the trail Team Leader to start at the 3 o’clock position and work
around the perimeter in a clockwise manner ensuring that the men are in the short halt posture and
pulling security. At the same time, the lead Team Leader and the Squad Leader pinpoint their
current position on the map and determine the distance and direction for their next movement.
Once the Squad Leader has done this, the lead fire Team Leader and trail fire Team Leader change
positions. The trail Team Leader and Squad Leader then confirm their current position on the map
and the distance and direction for their next movement.
Based on the map check, the Squad Leader decides to either move out, or place the men in
the long halt posture. The Squad Leader would designate long halt posture if the men will be in
position for an extended period. Some examples of the long halt are the security halt for the ORP
(Objective Rally Point), or he wants the men to take a break and drink water.
E.
STRONG POINT / LONG HALT POSTURE – GOOD VISIBILITY
The Squad Leader then gives the Team Leaders tasks, conditions, and standards to strong
point their personnel into a long halt posture. Strong pointing the squad is the technique of placing
Rangers in positions of two or more. Typically, these positions are at the 10, 2, 4, and 8 o’clock
locations of the perimeter. Strong pointing has several advantages over the traditional halted
formation. The advantages are that Rangers can keep each other alert, accomplish some limited
priorities of work such as drinking water or adjusting gear, and pull security for each other during
the transition to the Long Halt posture. These advantages help free up the Team Leaders. If the
Squad Leader decides to strong point the squad, the best time to do so is before the transition to the
Long Halt posture. The Squad Leader accomplishes this by designating the desired clock positions
and instructing the Team Leaders to strong point their men at those clock positions. While the
Team Leaders strong point their men, the Squad Leader can emplace the machine gun team.
When a Ranger transitions to the Long Halt posture, he quietly rotates his rucksack off his
back, places the rucksack frame on the ground with cat eyes facing the center of the perimeter, and
moves into the prone position behind available cover and concealment. In the Long Halt posture,
Rangers pull security in their assigned sectors of fire.
After the Squad Leader designates that the squad should move to the Long Halt posture, the
lead Team Leader moves to the man in his team that is closest to the 9 o’clock location on the
perimeter. Starting at this position, the lead Team Leader moves in a clockwise direction from the 9
o’clock to the 3 o’clock to set the perimeter. The trail Team Leader begins at the man in his team
closest to the 3 o’clock position. Starting at this position, the trail Team Leader moves in a clockwise
direction to the 9 o’clock position to set the perimeter. Each Team Leader has two options to
position their men in the Long Halt posture. The first option is that the Team Leader strong points
his men. With this option, one Ranger can cover a buddy while the buddy transitions to the Long
Halt posture and vice versa. The second option is that the Team Leader takes up the Short Halt
posture at each position and cover each man as they transition to the Long Halt posture.
While positioning their teams, Team Leaders assign positions sectors of fire. Strong
point positions have one sector of fire and everyone in the position must know it. In good
visibility, Team Leaders can use easily identifiable features like trees or rocks to assign left and
right limits. Team Leaders must ensure that the sectors of fire interlock at approximately 35 meters
out. The lead Team Leader ensures that his last position near the 3 o’clock location and the first
position of the trail team near the 3 o’clock location have interlocking fields of fire out to 35 meters.
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At the same time, the trail Team Leader ensures the adjoining positions at the 9 o’clock location
have interlocking fields of fire out to 35 meters.
F.
DISSEMINATE
As the Team Leaders put their men into the Long Halt posture, they disseminate the
following information at a minimum:
1. The reason for the squad halt
2. The squad’s current location on the map
3. The distance and direction for the next movement.
For example: “We have halted because this is the security halt prior to the ORP. This is our
current location on the map (point to it on map). Our next movement is 300 meters on a 290
degree azimuth to the ORP.”
Rangers, if you notice, the Team Leaders are working on opposite sides of the
perimeter at the same time. The reason for this is that if the squad makes contact, there is a better
chance that both Team Leaders are not lost on initial contact. After Team Leaders have emplaced
their men in the Long Halt posture, they return to the Squad Leader for further guidance.
G.
EMPLACING M240B
As the Team Leaders emplace their men in the Long Halt posture, the Squad Leader
emplaces the M240B gun team if he did not do so when the squad halted. If the Squad Leader
already emplaced the M240B team, he must still check the gun. After the M240B team is in position,
the Team Leader whose perimeter includes the M240B position is responsible for disseminating
information to the team.
The M240B holds a sector of fire that is independent from the squad’s sector of fire.
During initial emplacement, the Squad Leader gives M240B gun team a Principle Direction of
Fire (PDF). An example of this is “Orient your fires on that road intersection.” The M240B has a
primary sector of fire and possibly a secondary sector of fire.
It is important that the positions to the left and right of the M240B gun team have
interlocking sectors of fire out to 35 meters, which is in front of the M240B. The reason for this is
that the Squad Leader has the flexibility to move the M240B to a different position on the
perimeter without creating a gap in the squad’s sector of fires. The Squad Leader might choose to
do this if the tactical situation changes.
H.
SPOT CHECK PERIMETER
After the squad has taken up the Long Halt posture, Team Leaders return to the Squad
Leader’s position in the center of the perimeter. The Squad Leader spot checks the perimeter to
ensure that the tasks, conditions, and standards have been met. When the Squad Leader is satisfied
with the perimeter, he gives guidance to the Team Leaders for conducting any priorities of work
deemed necessary.
V.
PREPARE TO MOVE – GOOD VISIBILITY
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When the Squad Leader is ready to move out, he issues tasks, conditions, and standards
to the Team Leaders so they can get their men ready to move. The lead Team Leader will move to
his man closest to the 9 o’clock position. Starting at the 9 o’clock location and moving in a clockwise
direction through the 3 o’clock location, the lead Team Leader prepares his men to move. The lead
Team Leader has two options to do this. If the positions are strong pointed, the lead Team Leader
can direct one man to take up the Short Halt posture while another man pulls security. Another
option is the Team Leader pulls security for each man in his team while each man transitions to the
Short Halt posture. The trail Team Leader uses one of the two approved methods to transition his
men to the Short Halt posture. The trail Team Leader begins at his man closest to the 3 o’clock
location and move in a clockwise direction until reaching the 9 o’clock location. When the transition
to the Short Halt posture is complete, each Team Leader moves to the apex of his team and give the
Squad Leader a “thumbs up” to communicate that his team is prepared to move out.
As the Team Leaders prepare their men, the Squad Leader takes accountability of all squad
members. In periods of good visibility, the Squad Leader does this by seeing and counting the men.
After taking accountability and receiving a “thumbs up” from each Team Leader, the Squad Leader
gives the hand and arm signal to the lead Team Leader to move out.
As the squad moves out they are very vulnerable. Security tends to fall off when a squad or
element starts to move out because all the men are focused on the lead element. Everyone does not
stand up and move out at the same time.
When the lead Team Leader receives the hand and arm signal to move out, he relays the
signal to his team and moves out in the direction of travel. After the Team Leader moves
approximately 10 meters, the automatic rifleman and rifleman / compass man from the lead team
pick up and move out. After the automatic rifleman and rifleman / compass man move
approximately 10 meters, the grenadier from the lead team picks up and moves out.
Based on the selected movement technique, the Squad Leader waits while the final man in
the lead team travels the appropriate distance. Then, the Squad Leader gives the hand and arm
signal to the headquarters element to move out. As an example, the Squad Leader waits until the
lead element is approximately 50 meters out before his element moves if the movement technique
is Travelling Overwatch. The rest of the squad members move out in the same sequential manner.
VI.
ACTIONS AT THE HALT- (LV)
When the squad is moving during periods of limited visibility in the modified wedge, it
might be necessary to halt. Remember that anyone in the patrol can call a halt, but the lead fire
Team Leader or the Squad Leader normally calls it. Again, the only reasons that anyone besides a
leader should call a halt is if they see the enemy or signs of the enemy, have lost mission essential
equipment, or they are injured.
A.
LEAD TL CALLS HALT – LIMITED VISIBILITY
While moving, if the lead fire Team Leader deems it necessary to call a halt, he gives the
command to halt. During periods of limited visibility, most likely hours of darkness, the lead Team
Leader cannot use hand and arm signals. Once the lead fire Team Leader moves to an area that is
large enough to provide cover and concealment for the entire Squad, he turns around and issues the
command to halt to the Ranger behind him. The Team Leader issues the command to halt by placing
his hand in the center of that man’s chest and telling him to “Halt”. Once he issues the command to
Formations and Order of Movement
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Formations and Order of Movement
halt, the lead Fire Team Leader assumes the short halt posture. Each Ranger passes back the
command to halt by performing the same procedure to the Ranger behind him.
After receiving the command to halt, the Rangers in the right column (right flank) of the
modified wedge continue moving forward until they have achieved interlocking sectors of fire with
the men to their front and rear. Then, each Ranger in the right column faces to the right, takes two
to three steps to the nearest covered and concealed position and assumes the Short Halt posture.
The Rangers in the left column (left flank) do the same except they face to the left. The
spread to the left and right allows a path for the leadership to move through the squad in the center
of the perimeter without tripping over everyone.
Since the lead fire Team Leader called the halt, the Squad Leader moves up to the lead Team
Leader’s location to learn the reason for the halt. While moving up, the Squad Leader spot checks
the Rangers in the lead fire team to ensure that they are in the short halt posture. Simultaneously,
the trail fire Team Leader ensures that his grenadier is pulling rear security and spot checks his
men to ensure that they are in the short halt posture behind available cover and concealment. Then,
the trail Team Leader moves forward to the Squad Leader’s last known location to receive further
guidance. While moving, the trail Team Leader spot checks the headquarters’ personnel to ensure
that they are in the short halt posture. The trail Team Leader waits at the Squad Leader’s last
known location for further guidance.
Once the Squad Leader has moved to the lead fire Team Leader’s location, he learns why the
lead fire Team Leader called a halt. For example, the lead Team Leader spotted a potential linear
danger area, wanted his men to cross load equipment, or wanted his men to conduct a water break.
If the Squad Leader wants to move out at this time, he gives the Team Leaders the order to get their
men prepared so the squad can move.
B.
SL CALLS HALT – LIMITED VISIBILTY
If the Squad Leader deems it necessary to call a halt while moving during periods of limited
visibility he can pass the command to halt forward to the lead Fire Team Leader, physically move
up to his position, or call him on FM. To pass the command to halt forward, the Squad Leader moves
up to the man in front of him, grabs him by the shoulder and whispering in his ear “Halt”, the
command to halt would be passed from man to man all the way up to the lead Fire Team Leader in
this manner. Once the lead Fire Team Leader received the command to halt, the squad would halt in
the same manner as previously described.
Because the Squad Leader called the halt the Team Leaders need to move to his location to
see why the Squad Leader has called a halt. The lead Fire Team Leader has the Rifleman/Compass
man assume frontal security from the 10 o’clock to 2 o’clock. He also spot checks his Fire Team to
ensure that they are in the short halt posture as he works his way back to the Squad Leader’s
location.
At the same time the trail Fire Team Leader ensures that the last man in his team is pulling
rear security from the 4 o’clock to the 8 o’clock. He then spot checks his team to ensure that they
are in a Sort Halt Posture. While en route to the Squad Leader’s location he also checks the
Headquarters’ element to ensure that they are in the short halt posture.
Formations and Order of Movement
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Formations and Order of Movement
Once the Team Leaders reach the Squad Leader’s location the Squad Leader tells them why
they have halted. For example maybe the Squad Leader wants to cross-load heavy equipment,
conduct a water break, or conduct a security halt for whatever reason he deems necessary.
C.
SLLS LIMITED VISIBILITY
The Squad Leader then issues tasks, conditions and standards for conducting SLLS. Since
this is during periods of limited visibility, the Squad Leader tells the Team Leaders to inform their
men SLLS starts now and terminates when a leader comes back to their location and tells them it is
complete.
The lead Fire Team Leader moves to his nearest man at the 9 o’clock position and then
move in a clockwise direction to the 12 o’clock position then to the 3 o’clock briefing each man that
SLLS starts now and completes once a leader comes back and tells them that SLLS is complete.
Simultaneously the trail Fire Team Leader starts at his nearest man at the 3 o’clock position, then
moving in a clockwise direction to the 6 and then to the 9 o’clock position briefing each man that
SLLS starts now and complete when a leader comes back and tells them that SLLS is complete. Once
the Team Leaders have gone out and briefed their men that SLLS has started, the Team Leaders
lasts for 3-5 minutes or for as long as the Squad Leader deems necessary.
D.
PINPOINT/DECISION POINT LIMITED VISIBILITY
Once SLLS is complete, the Squad Leader gives tasks, conditions and standards on how he
wants to pinpoint his location on the map. He tells the trail Team Leader to start at the 3 o’clock
position and move about the perimeter in a clockwise direction informing the men that SLLS is
complete, and checking the men to ensure that they are in the short halt posture and pulling
security.
At the same time the lead Team Leader and the Squad Leader pinpoint their current
location on the map, as well as determine the distance and direction for their next movement.
During periods of limited visibility, they pinpoint their location using NVGs, or by getting under the
RTO’s poncho and poncho liner, and using a red lens flashlight. While they do this, the RTO makes
sure that no red light escapes from the poncho and poncho liner to ensure noise and light discipline
is maintained.
After they have pinpointed their location, the lead Fire Team Leader and trail Fire Team
Leader change positions. The trail Team Leader and Squad Leader confirm their current position on
the map, as well as confirm the distance and direction for their next movement.
Based off the map check the Squad Leader either decides to move out, or place the men in
the long halt posture because they will be there for an extended period. For example, the Squad
Leader determines that this is the security halt for the Patrol Base or he wants the men to take a
break and drink water.
E.
STRONG POINT / LONG HALT POSTURE- LIMITED VISIBILTY
The Squad Leader then gives the Team Leaders the order to strong point their personnel
and put them into a long halt posture. The Squad Leader designates the appropriate clock
positions and the team leaders emplace their men as previously described for good visibility.
Formations and Order of Movement
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Formations and Order of Movement
As the Team Leaders get their men in the long halt posture, they assign them sectors of fire.
During periods of limited visibility, they use their compasses to give their men azimuths for their
left and right limits. Team Leaders ensure that their men’s sectors of fire interlock with the men to
their left and right approximately 35 meters out and between the teams.
F.
DISSEMINATE
Additionally, during periods of limited visibility the Team Leaders at a minimum
disseminate the following information to their men:
1. The reason for the squad’s halt.
2. The squad’s current location.
3. The distance and direction for the next movement.
Team Leaders must maintain noise and light discipline when they brief their men during
hours of darkness. They are not going to show their men the Squad’s current location on the map.
Instead, they give each man a six-digit grid for the squad’s current location.
Here is an example: “We have halted because this is the security halt prior to the patrol
base. We are currently located at GA123456. Our next movement is 200 meters on a 190-degree
azimuth to the patrol base”.
G.
EMPLACING M240B
While the Team Leaders emplace their men in the Long Halt posture, the Squad Leader
emplaces the M240B gun team unless he did so when the Squad initially halted. After the gun team
is in position, the responsibility to disseminate information to that gun team falls to the Team
Leader whose perimeter contains the gun team.
After the whole squad is in the Long Halt posture and the Team Leaders have returned to
the Squad Leader’s position in the center of the perimeter, the Squad Leader spot checks the
perimeter to ensure his the squad was strong pointed correctly.
VII.
PREPARE TO MOVE/MOVE – LIMITED VISIBILITY
When the Squad leader is ready to move out, he gives the order to the Team Leaders to get
their men ready to move. The Squad Leader tells the lead Team Leader to prepare his men starting
at his 9 o’clock position and moving clockwise until his 3 o’clock position. The lead Team Leader
pulls security in the short halt posture for each man as they get into the short halt posture and
ready to move out. If the positions are strong pointed, the lead Team Leader directs the positions to
put themselves in the short halt posture with one man pulling security for the other. The trail Team
Leader starts at his 3 o’clock position and moves clockwise to his 9 o’clock position. The trail Team
Leader uses the same procedure as the lead Team Leader to put his men in the Short Halt posture.
When the trail Team Leader has his men ready to move, he moves to the Squad Leader’s
location and tells him the team is ready. The Squad Leader then tells the trail Team Leader to move
to the front of the formation, approximately two to three paces in front of the lead Team Leader’s
position. The trail Team Leader establishes a chokepoint. While at the chokepoint, the trail Team
Leader physically touches each man in the squad as they pass his position out of the security halt.
Formations and Order of Movement
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Formations and Order of Movement
The Squad Leader follows the trail Team Leader to the front of the formation until he
reaches the lead Team Leader. The Squad Leader then verifies that the lead fire team is ready to
move. Once the Squad Leader verifies that all elements are ready to move and there is an
established chokepoint, he taps the lead Team Leader on the shoulder and tells him to move out.
The lead Team Leader turns to the man behind him, places his hand on the man’s chest, and
tells him “we’re moving”. Each man passes this signal back in a zigzag fashion until it reaches the
last man in the patrol. The lead Team Leader then gets up and moves in the direction of travel while
ensuring that he is physically counted out by the trail Team Leader and that the man behind him is
up and moving. Each man waits until the man in front of him has moved approximately 3-5 meters
before they get up from the Short Halt posture. When the trail Team Leader has counted everyone
out of the security halt, he takes up his place in the formation and ensures that the grenadier is
behind him.
A. HEADCOUNT – LIMITED VISIBILITY
The trail Team Leader then passes up the headcount by moving to the man traveling in front
of him, grabbing him by the shoulder, and whispering in his ear “headcount good” if they have
everyone or “headcount bad” if his count of personnel is short. The squad passes the headcount in a
zigzag fashion forward from man to man until it reaches the lead Team Leader. If the headcount
was “good”, the lead Team Leader passes back “headcount good” in a zigzag fashion until it reaches
the trail Team Leader. This lets the leadership know that there is information dissemination and
that there are no breaks in contact.
If the message that reaches the Squad Leader is “headcount bad”, the Squad Leader has
two options:
The first option is the Squad Leader can reinitiate a headcount during movement by
moving to the man to his front, grabbing him by the shoulder and whispering in his ear “initiate
headcount”. Each man passes “initiate headcount” forward until it reaches the lead Team Leader.
When the lead Team Leader gets this command, he turns around and says “Headcount, I am one,
pass it back” to the man behind him. That man then turns around to the man behind him and says
“Headcount, I am two, pass it back”. Each man in the squad adds to the tally and passes the message
until it reaches the trail Team Leader. If the headcount is correct this time, the squad continues on
its movement. If the headcount is still wrong, the Squad Leader must halt the patrol and conduct a
physical headcount of each man.
The second option is the ONLY one you will use here at Ranger school. If the initial
headcount is bad, the Squad Leader IMMEDIATELY halts the patrol and the Squad Leader and trail
Team Leader move to the front of the formation and physically count each man where they are
halted. If the headcount is still bad, the Squad Leader gives the order to the trail Team Leader for
the trail Team Leader and a Ranger buddy to return to the last security halt and police up any lost
Rangers.
SUMMARY
Rangers, during this period of instruction we have covered:
1. The fire team wedge
2. The modified wedge
Formations and Order of Movement
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Formations and Order of Movement
3. The three movement techniques
4. The distances between fire teams and personnel
5. The conduct of security halts for good and limited visibility.
At this time, what are your questions pertaining to this period of instruction? If there are no
questions/no more questions, take a ten-minute break.
Formations and Order of Movement
Page 15
Reference: SH 21-76; pg 8-1
MAY 2012
REACT TO CONTACT
“A Battle Drill is a collective action rapidly executed without applying a deliberate decision making process.”
1.
2.
Initial Contact with the Enemy
Return Fire, Seek Cover, Report 3-D’s to Squad Leader
“3 enemy small arms, 12o’clock, 50 meters.”
3.
4.
5.
Team Leader maintain contact visually and orally
Team online and engage
Gain and maintain fire superiority by using Fire Commands
a.
ALERT
b.
DIRECTION
c.
DESCRIPTION
d.
RANGE
e.
RATE OF FIRE
f.
COMMAND & CONTROL
“Saw Gunner, 12 o’clock, 3 enemy, 50 meters, rapid, FIRE”
6.
7.
8.
9.
Search, Fire, Check
Squad Leader assesses situation and considers:
Can his Squad move out of the engagement area?
Can his Squad gain and maintain suppressive fire?
What is the actual location of the enemy?
What is the size of the enemy force? Is the enemy element too large for his
squad to handle?
What types of weapons does the enemy have? Does the enemy have crew
served weapons?
Are there any vulnerable flanks of the enemy’s position?
Are there covered and concealed routes to the enemy’s flanks?
Use of indirect fires
Priority / availability
Type and amount of support (60mm, 81mm, 105mm)
Location of enemy in relation to the squad
Squad's location on map
Danger close, will indirect fires hinder or support the mission
Squad Leader determines whether to break contact or conduct a squad attack.
AR
TL
R
GR
Alpha Team Leader
Lead Fire Team
Squad Leader
HQ Element
Bravo Team Leader
Trail Fire Team
React to Contact
SEPTEMBER 2012
Good Morning/Afternoon Rangers, my name is (Rank) (Name). I will be your primary instructor for your
next period of instruction, which is on conducting the Battle Drill “React to Contact”. Please reference page 8-1 and
A-2 of your Ranger Handbook for this Battle Drill, which is referred to as Battle Drill #1.
Rangers, a battle drill is a collective action rapidly executed without applying a deliberate decision making
process.
Before we begin, let me familiarize you to my board. (Point out each portion as you discuss it). On the left
side, I have notes that will help you follow this period of instruction. The lower right area displays a 12-man
infantry squad in a squad column of fire team wedges. In the upper right portion of my board, I have an example of
the lead team deployed after initial contact with the enemy. The enemy is depicted in red. Notice my board is color
coded, but not personalized. While here at Ranger school, all of your boards will be color-coded and personalized.
When the squad makes initial contact with the enemy, every man occupies the nearest covered position.
Covered positions include large trees, rocks and depressions. No one lies down in the open. The team in contact
returns fire immediately. The team utilizes violence of action to try to overwhelm the enemy and gain fire
superiority by firing at known or suspected enemy locations.
Anyone that sees the enemy sounds off with the 3 D’s. The 3 D’s are description, direction and distance. An
example of the 3 D’s is: “3 enemy small arms, 12 o’clock, 50 meters.” This enables the team in contact to focus their
attention and direct their fires on the enemy. The 3 D’s also inform the rest of the squad of the enemy location in
reference to the squad and the size of the enemy. Every member of the squad echoes the 3 D’s to ensure the SL has
the best information to start his assessment of the situation. The TLs maintain visual or oral contact with every
man in their teams. The TL whose team is in contact moves his team on line to effectively engage the enemy. He
tries to gain fire superiority by using fire commands.
Fire commands are:
ALERT: The TL alerts the Ranger to receive further instruction. “Saw Gunner”
DIRECTION: The TL points w/ his weapon or arm, uses tracers, or gives general direction. “12 o’clock”
DESCRIPTION: The TL describes target. “3 enemy small arms”
RANGE: The TL gives the range to the target. “50 meters”
RATE OF FIRE: The TL outlines the rate of fire he wants the Ranger to use when engaging the enemy. “Cyclic,
Rapid or Sustained” ** M4, M16, M249, M240 rates are cyclic, rapid, sustained. **
COMMAND TO FIRE: The TL tells the Ranger when to fire. Since they are in contact, if the TL wants the Ranger to
fire immediately after identifying the target, the TL just says “FIRE”.
An example of a set of fire commands is: “Saw Gunner, 12 o’clock, 3 enemy, 50 meters, rapid, FIRE”
The rest of the squad members that are not in contact maintain good cover and concealment and pull flank and
rear security to prevent enemy forces from enveloping the squad. At all times, Rangers ensure they have visual or
oral contact between squad members to assist the TL in maintaining control. One technique of fire that enables this
contact is SEARCH, FIRE and CHECK: (SFC).
SEARCH: Rangers search for known or suspected enemy locations in their sectors of fire.
FIRE: When in direct contact, Rangers engage the known / suspected locations with their weapon.
React to Contact
Page 1
React to Contact
CHECK: Rangers check the man and situation to their left/right/rear to check for commands from leaders and to
maintain situational awareness.
When the SL hears the initial contact, he starts to assess the situation. The SL ensures that the rest of the HQ
element is behind good cover and concealment and that there is flank and rear security. Then, he moves forward
to get to the closest position to the team in contact WITHOUT becoming decisively engaged. The SL moves from
covered and concealed position to covered and concealed position so that he can confirm the 3 D’s and
communicate with the TL whose team is in contact.
When the SL reaches the lead team, he assesses the situation. Factors he considers are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
The ability of the squad to move out of the engagement area
The ability of the squad to gain and maintain suppressive fire
The actual location of the enemy
The size of the enemy force, especially compared to the squad
The type of weapons the enemy uses, especially crew served weapons
Whether the enemy position has any vulnerable flanks
Potential covered and concealed routes to the enemy’s flanks
Additionally, the SL considers using indirect fires. Some considerations are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Priority / availability
Type and amount of support (60mm, 81mm, 105mm)
Location of enemy in relation to the squad
Squad's location on map
Danger close and whether indirect fires hinder or support the mission
The SL also assesses the enemy’s most probable course of action based on the information he has gathered from
his assessment and his experience. Then, the SL determines whether to conduct a squad attack or break contact.
After making his decision, the SL reports the situation to higher and begins to maneuver the squad.
Rangers, during this last period of instruction, we have covered the Battle Drill “React to Contact”.
What are your questions pertaining to this Battle Drill?
React to Contact
Page 2
Reference: SH 21-76; pg A-11
MAY 2012
SQUAD ATTACK
“A Battle Drill is a collective action rapidly executed without applying a deliberate decision making process.”
1. Squad reacted to contact, assessed the situation and considered the
options outlined in RTC drill.
2. SL assess the enemy’s most probable course of action
3. SL tell TL in contact
That his fire team is the base of fire
What side the assault element is going to flank from.
Confirm the signals for lift/shift fire.
That the MG is coming up, is under his control, and to use or
not.
4. Using the MG
5. SITREP
6. RTO considerations
7. Team online, L/R Limits, lane with identifiable feature,
avoid funneling
8. SL Position
9. Battlefield handover
10. Shift/lift fire signals
11. Establish Limit of Advance (LOA)
12. Consolidate and Reorganize
360° Security, ACE, CoC, Key WPNS, Ammo, SITREP
13. Special Team considerations
The size of the enemy element he encountered.
The overall size of the Objective area.
How much time he can remain on the Objective before enemy
reinforcements arrive.
How many men he can pull off his perimeter without letting
security fall.
14. Initial EPW search, Aid & Litter, EPW search, Demo
15. Withdrawal from OBJ
16. Other techniques (Frontal Attack)
SL
ATM
RTO
Alpha Team Leader
Lead Fire Team
SPRT
Squad Leader
HQ Element
BTM
Bravo Team Leader
Trail Fire Team
SL
RTO
Squad Attack
SEPTEMBER 2012
Good Morning/Afternoon Rangers, my name is (Rank) (Name), and I will be your primary instructor for
the Battle Drill “Squad Attack”. A Battle Drill is a collective action rapidly executed without applying a
deliberate decision making process. Rangers, reference your Ranger Handbooks page A-11 for information on
this Battle Drill.
Before we begin, let me familiarize you to my board. On the left side, I have a few administrative notes that
will help you follow this period of instruction. On the right side, I have a 12-man infantry squad in movement
formation. The dotted lines are all proposed positions. Notice that my board is color-coded but not personalized.
Rangers, remember while here at Ranger School you will color-code and personalize all of your boards. The board
shows the squad executing the Squad Attack Battle Drill.
The SL assesses the situation by determining the following:
1. The ability of the Squad to move out of the engagement area
2. The ability of the Squad to gain suppressive fire
3. The location of the enemy
4. The size of the enemy force relative to his squad.
5. The type of weapons the enemy has and if they have crew served weapons.
6. Potential vulnerable flanks of the enemy’s position.
7. Potential covered and concealed routes to the enemy’s flanks.
The SL also has to consider using indirect fires prior to maneuvering the squad. Some considerations
are:
1. Priority / availability
2. Type and amount of support (60mm, 81mm, 105mm)
3. Location of enemy in relation to the squad
4. Squad's location on map
5. Danger close, and whether indirect fires positively or negatively affect on the mission
The SL assesses the enemy’s most probable course of action based off the information he has gathered from
his assessment and his experience. Based on his assessment, the SL determines that he will conduct a squad attack.
The SL tells the TL in contact (Lead TL) the following Information:
1. His team is the base of fire element.
2. The direction the assault element will attack. Example: "Flanking Right"
3. The signals for lift/shift fires. Examples: FM, smoke, star cluster, or whistle blasts.
4. That the MG is coming up, is under the TL's control, and issues engagement criteria to the TL (i.e. engage with
the M240B if 2x other weapon systems go down, if enemy reinforcement arrives, if the enemy uses crew served
weapons, etc).
The TL can use the MG if he feels it is necessary in order to maintain fire superiority. Remember that using
the MG gives the enemy a feeling of a larger force and may cause a withdrawal or a call for reinforcements.
Once the SL makes all his assessments and considers the use of indirect fire, he calls Higher with a SITREP.
Before moving, the SL must decide whether to bring his RTO with him on the assault or leave him with the Support
by Fire Element as rear security. He considers that:
1. Bringing the RTO on the assault allows the SL to maintain direct communications with Higher, but could slow
the assault because the RTO must keep his rucksack on his back.
Squad Attack
Page 1
Squad Attack
2. Leaving the RTO with the Support by Fire Element enables the assault to move faster, but the SL must relay
information through the SBF Team Leader to the RTO.
Either way, the SL must decide before beginning to maneuver the Assault Team to the Assault Position.
Once the RTO is in position, the SL orders the squad to drop rucksacks. The SL then leads the Assault
Element back and away from the SBF Element along a covered and concealed route towards their assault position.
Once in position, the SL outlines the OBJ and gives the TL the left and right limits and direction of assault.
The Assault TL selects a covered and concealed route for his team to assault the OBJ. Then, he deploys his
team on line and issues each man left and right limits and a lane with an identifiable terrain feature to assault
towards. Examples of features are trees, rocks, and buildings. Assigning lanes helps prevent funneling. Once each
man has a lane, the Assault TL begins to “creep” forward, keeping his team in a shallow wedge to control the
movement and pace. He leads from the front until the team receives enemy fire or reaches the last covered and
concealed position.
The SL positions himself wherever he can best control his support and assault elements. Generally, the
best location for the SL is slightly behind the assault element. From here, the SL can assist and control the assault
and signal the support element. This allows the assault Team Leader to focus on the fight.
At this point, the battlefield handover is crucial. The assault team must increase its rate of fire and
suppress the enemy before the SL can give the support element the signal to shift fire. From this point forward, the
assault team must provide its own suppressive fire.
The SL issues the shift fire signal immediately before the assault team begins its assault using the prearranged signals discussed earlier. Once the SL gives the shift fire signal and the SBF TL confirms it, the SL signals
the assault TL to begin his assault. The SBF TL gives the command to shift fires to his team and the MG Team
verbally. Rangers, this is critical. A failure to confirm that the SBF shifts their fires can result in fratricide. When the
SL sees that the assault team is on the OBJ, the SL signals the support element to lift fire.
While the assault team maneuvers across the OBJ utilizing IMT, the assault TL maintains visual or oral
control of his team. During the assault, the team eliminates all hazards by destroying any enemy personnel that still
pose a threat and removing any weapons found near the enemy.
As soon as the support TL receives the lift fire signal, he gives that command to his team and sends a
confirmation signal to the SL that the team has lifted fire. After the SBF TL confirms the lift fire signal, he begins
gathering an ACE report from his men. During this time, his team must be prepared to resume firing in case the
tactical situation on the OBJ changes and the assault team has to withdraw off the OBJ under fire.
Once across the OBJ, the Assault TL identifies and establishes the LOA (limit of advance). The LOA is
approximately 35 meters past the edge of the OBJ or the last area that provides cover and concealment. The SL
remains near the center of the OBJ to maintain control. As soon as the support TL hears “LOA”, he prepares to move
his team and the MG team. Once the assault team is set on the LOA, the SL calls for the SBF to move up to the LOA.
Squad Attack
Page 2
Squad Attack
CONSOLIDATE AND RE-ORGANIZE
1. Establish 360 degree security. Once the entire squad is on the objective, the SL establishes a security
perimeter and emplaces the Machine Gun (MG) team to cover the most likely direction of the enemy’s attack or a
high-speed avenue of approach. This must be done quickly in preparation for an enemy counterattack. If the Squad
Leader establishes an “L” shaped perimeter as shown on my board, he faces the men on the flanks out at a 45degree angle to provide flank security.
2. Gather ACE Reports. When the squad achieves 360 degree security, the SL calls for ACE reports. The TLs move
to each man in their team and physically check each man to gather the ACE report information and verify sectors of
fire.
3. Re-establish the chain of command / key positions. Based on the ACE report, the SL designates personnel to
replace any key leaders / personnel who were wounded or killed (Team Leaders, RTO).
4. Re-man key weapons. If a SAW or M203 gunner is down, the Squad Leader designates rifleman to assume those
positions. Any casualties in the MG Team are handled team internal if possible.
5. Re-distribute ammunition and mission essential equipment. TLs cross level within their own teams and the
SL directs cross leveling between teams. The leadership also takes mission essential equipment from casualties
and distributes it within the team first and then the squad. The Bravo TL prepares an emergency resupply request
if necessary.
6. Report the situation to higher. The SL produces a SALT report. The RTO sends the SALT and ACE reports to
higher. The RTO also calls in the emergency supply request when finished with the SALT and ACE reports.
SPECIAL TEAMS
Once the squad consolidates and reorganizes, the SL starts deploying his special teams. The first special
team he calls to his position is the EPW and search team(s). The SL decides how many teams to use based on the
following factors:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Size of the enemy element encountered on the OBJ.
Overall size of the OBJ area.
Time the squad can remain on the OBJ before enemy reinforcements arrive.
Number of men that can leave perimeter without letting security fall.
EPW AND SEARCH TEAM – CLEAR OBJ
The SL gives tasks, conditions, and standards to the EPW and search team(s) on how he wants them to
clear the OBJ. After the SL assigns each team part of the OBJ, the teams move two men abreast and clear their areas
of anything that could pose a threat to the squad. After clearing, the teams return to the SL’s location and brief him
on the number of enemy KIA, WIA, and anything else that could affect the squad.
AID AND LITTER TEAM
After the EPW and search teams clear the objective, the teams return to their place on the perimeter. If the
squad sustained any casualties that require treatment or evacuation, the SL deploys his Aid and Litter teams. The
SL gives tasks, conditions, and standards to the Aid and Litter team(s) on how he wants them to treat and evacuate
casualties. The Squad Leader also designates the Casualty Collection Point (CCP). For this example, the SL decides
to place the CCP inside the squad's perimeter. If the squad sustains casualties, the SL must consider how much
Squad Attack
Page 3
Squad Attack
time he has on the OBJ, if any, to conduct a detailed search for PIR given the amount of time it takes to conduct
CASEVAC procedures.
EPW AND SEARCH TEAM – SEARCH THE OBJ
If the squad sustains no life threatening casualties and the SL determines that he has time to gather detailed
PIR, he gives tasks, conditions, and standards to the EPW and search teams to conduct their search. The teams
search all enemy personnel and the OBJ area. They call out what they find along the way using the code words
“Black” and “Gold”. The SL assigns one Ranger the code word of Black and the other as Gold. Rangers, this
technique is a control measure for information so the SL does not confuse the type and number of equipment found
on the OBJ. For example, a Ranger assigned the codeword “Gold” who finds an AK-47 will call off “Gold, AK-47”.
The SL also gives each of the members of the EPW and search team a portion of the OBJ to search and
identifies a consolidation point for all enemy equipment. If the teams find something that they cannot identify,
they take the unknown equipment with them unless it interferes with the squad’s mission. If the equipment is too
large to carry or hinders the mission, the teams take a picture or make a sketch of that equipment before
destroying it in place.
The RTO must record all information the EPW and search teams call out. Additionally, the RTO keeps time
by starting his stopwatch at the initial contact and calling out the time on the OBJ in one-minute increments.
DEMO TEAMS
Once the EPW and search teams consolidate all enemy weapons and equipment at the point the SL
designated, the SL calls for the Demo team. The SL gives the Demo team tasks, conditions, and standards about how
and where the Demo team should destroy the enemy equipment. The squad wants to destroy the equipment so
that the enemy can no longer use it against friendly forces, but the squad may or may not have Demo. If the squad
has no Demo, the team may destroy enemy weapons by field stripping the weapons and taking the bolts with the
squad. If the squad has Demo, the Demo team prepares the charge, gives the M81 initiators to the SL, and returns
their positions on the perimeter. At this point, the SL begins the withdrawal from the OBJ.
WITHDRAWAL FROM THE OBJECTIVE
To begin the withdrawal from the objective, the SL must determine which team to send back first to
recover their rucksacks. It is recommended that the SL sends the team that has the furthest to travel back first. This
enables the squad to clear through the area where they dropped rucksacks in a controlled manner rather than
having to pass one fire team through another, which potentially masks a team’s fires if the enemy counter-attacks.
Moving the teams in a controlled manner assists in maintaining security and decreases the chance of fratricide.
If the Squad Leader has DEMO, he waits until the last team withdraws from the OBJ. When the last man
from that team passes the SL, he pulls the M81 fuse igniters to ignite the time fuse. Once the SL sees the time fuse
actually burning, he calls out “burning” and radios the message to his TLs. Once the SL successfully initiates the
Demo charge, he and the RTO move from the OBJ to their rucksacks to get ready to move.
The SL will get a “thumbs up” from the TL confirming they have accountability of their Men, Weapons, and
Equipment and are prepared to move. The SL gives the signal to move out and calls Higher with a complete
SALUTE report.
SQUAD ATTACK TECHNIQUES
Squad Attack
Page 4
Squad Attack
Rangers, in this period of instruction we have discussed in detail how to flank the enemy's position while
conducting a squad attack. Flanking the enemy is the most preferred method because it can throw your enemy
off balance and give your squad a better chance at defeating them. However, other techniques can be used:
1.
The SL can deploy both teams on line and conduct a frontal attack. This is not the most preferred
technique when conducting a Squad Attack. A frontal attack exposes the men to the enemy's positions and fires.
2.
In the event of a chance contact with a small enemy force, the SL may have the lead team return fire and
maneuver on the enemy’s position.
As an example, the squad may be moving through the woods on a relatively flat terrain when the lead fire
team encounters a one or two man enemy element with small arms 20 meters to their front. Rangers, does it make
sense to stop and wait for the SL to make a decision, attempt to flank a position 20 meters in front of another team,
or allow the enemy time to react? No, it does not. That lead team in this scenario could immediately get on line and
fire and maneuver on the enemy’s position.
Throughout Squad Attack, the SL should consider using indirect fires.
Rangers, during this period of instruction we have discussed Squad Attack. At this time, what are your
questions on this Battle Drill? If there are no questions/ no more questions, take a 10 min break.
Squad Attack
Page 5
Reference: SH 21-76; pg 8-6
MAY 2012
BREAK CONTACT
“A Battle Drill is a collective action rapidly executed without applying a deliberate decision making process.”
1 Squad reacted to contact, assessed the situation and considered the
options outlined in RTC drill.
2. Reasons why a squad may need to break contact include:
The squad is up against a sniper in an unknown location.
The squad’s mission calls for avoiding contact.
The squad is out numbered or in a vulnerable position.
The enemy has overwhelming fire power, like a crew served
weapon.
4. Based on SL’s assessment, he orders the squad to break contact.
5. SL tells lead fire team (team in contact)
That his fire team is the initial base of fire
To Increase rate of fire
SL considers placement of the MG team
6. SL moves to trail fire team (team not in contact); he tells the TL
That his fire team is the initial maneuver element
Direction, Distance and Identifiable Feature to move to
AR TL
R
GR
"4 o' clock, 100 meters, that big white oak tree/ large rock"
7. SBF Location is positioned for effective use against enemy
8. Use of smoke/hand grenade considerations
9. Team online, L/R Limits, lane with identifiable feature, avoid funneling
10. MG considerations
11. RTO considerations
12. Continue to maneuver until
No longer receiving effective fire from the enemy
Passes through a higher level of support-by-fire position
The squad reaches its assigned location for its next mission.
13. Squad moves 300 meters or a major terrain feature away
14. Consolidate and Reorganize
360° Security, ACE, CoC, Key WPNS, Ammo, SITREP
15. Continue mission
MG
Alpha Team
Leader
AG
TL AR
R
Lead Fire Team
GR
RTO
SL
Squad Leader
HQ Element
Bravo Team Leader
Trail Fire Team
Break Contact
SEPTEMBER 2012
Good Morning/Afternoon Rangers, my name is (Rank) (Name), and I will be your primary instructor for
your next period of instruction, which is on conducting the Battle Drill of Break Contact as a dismounted Squad.
Rangers, please refer to page 8-6 in your Ranger Handbooks for additional information on Break Contact.
Before we begin, let me familiarize you to my board. (Point out each portion as you discuss it). On the left
side, I have some administrative notes to help you follow this period of instruction. On the lower right side, there is
a 12-man infantry squad in squad column, fire team wedge. Above that, I have an example of the lead team in
contact with a three man enemy element. To the right, the team not in contact sets up a Support by Fire (SBF) /
Overwatch position. Notice that my board is color coded but not personalized. Remember while here at Ranger
School, you will color code and personalize all of your boards.
Rangers, my board shows that the squad executing the React to Contact Battle Drill.
The Squad Leader assesses the situation by determining the following:
1. The ability of the squad to move out of the engagement area
2. The ability of the squad to gain and maintain suppressive fire
3. The actual location of the enemy
4. The size of the enemy force relative to his squad
5. The types of weapons the enemy possesses such as crew served weapons
6. Potential vulnerable flanks of the enemy’s position
7. Possible covered and concealed routes to the enemy’s flanks
The SL also has to consider using indirect fires. Some considerations are:
1. Priority / availability
2. Type and amount of support (60mm, 81mm, 105mm)
3. Location of enemy in relation to the squad
4. Squad's location on map
5. Danger close and the positive or negative effects of indirect on the mission
The SL assesses the enemy’s most probable course of action based off the information he has gathered from
his assessment and experience.
The SL also considers reasons the squad might need to break contact, such as:
1. They encounter an enemy sniper in an unknown location.
2. The squad’s mission calls for avoiding contact.
3. The squad is out numbered or in a vulnerable position.
4. The enemy has over-whelming firepower, such as crew served weapons.
If the SL determines through his assessment that the squad needs to break contact, he orders the squad to
“Break Contact.” In this example, the SL decides to use the lead team as the initial Support by Fire or Base of
Fire Element. The SL tells the lead TL that his team is the Base of Fire Element. The lead TL must now increase
his team’s rate of fire in an attempt to suppress the enemy and gain fire superiority. This enables the trail team to
maneuver.
The SL must also consider whether to send the M240B forward to help the team in contact in gain fire
superiority. Keep in mind that if the SL sends the M240B forward to the team in contact:
1. The squad’s most casualty-producing WPN may go forward and become decisively engaged.
2. It is harder for the gun team to break contact than it is for a fire team.
3. If the enemy maneuvers quickly, there is a good chance the M240B and gun team can be lost.
Break Contact
Page 1
Break Contact
The SL moves back to the team not in contact, which in this example is the trail fire team. He informs the
trail TL that the trail team is the initial Maneuver Element for the break contact. Ideally, the SL leads his teams
to their Overwatch/SBF positions. However, if the tactical situation does not allow this to happen, the SL directs
the trail TL where to move his team. The SL gives a Direction, Distance, and Identifiable Feature so the
maneuver element can move to and establish an Overwatch/SBF position. The SL can give this information over
FM, verbally, or with hand and arm signals. An example directive is, "4 o' clock, 100 meters, that big white oak tree
/ large rock".
Rangers, understand that the SL must set his SBF position in a location where they can effectively engage
the enemy. The SBF must suppress the enemy to enable the team in contact to break contact. The SBF CANNOT
effectively do this if their fires are masked by friendly elements or if they cannot see the enemy's positions. If the
squad is in open terrain with minimal cover and concealment, the maneuver element may have to use smoke
grenades to mask their movement. Rangers must be careful using smoke because if the wind blows in the wrong
direction, the billowing smoke might hinder the squad's ability to break contact and increase the chance of
fratricide due to reduced visibility between friendly elements.
Once the trail team reaches the position the SL designated, the TL immediately deploys his team on line
and assigns each man a sector of fire. During periods of limited visibility, the TL assigns sectors of fire by going
to each man and utilizing tracers and the PEQ-2 or any other laser target designating devices available.
The TL then tells the SL that his team is ready to support by fire. The TL can communicate this over FM,
with a “thumbs up” to the SL, or by having his team engage the enemy positions. The TL then attempts to gain and
maintain suppressive fire by directing his team's fires with fire commands until the SL gives him further guidance.
Ideally, the M240B goes with the maneuver element and sets up between the team in contact and the
team not in contact. I repeat, IDEALLY the M240B sets up between the team in contact and the team not in contact.
As a general rule of thumb, the M240B should be in the Overwatch/SBF position farthest from the enemy's
position. However, the SL can position the MG wherever he deems necessary based off the tactical situation and
where he can best control his element. The SL assigns the MG limits of fire, where to direct their fires, and the rate
to fire.
The SL and RTO move wherever the SL can best control the squad. In a perfect world, the SL moves with
the maneuver element to lead them into their Overwatch/SBF position and direct their fires. However, the tactical
situation might not permit this.
Once the maneuver team establishes the Overwatch/SBF position and effectively suppresses the enemy's
positions, the SL signals the team in contact, the base-of-fire element, to break contact. Some signals are radio,
verbal, smoke, hand and arm signals, or any prearranged signal issued in their OPORD.
This base-of-fire element then becomes the maneuver element. The SL gives a Direction, Distance,
and Identifiable Feature to enable this team to move. An example is "6 o'clock, 150 meters, pile of logs". When the
lead TL receives the “break contact” signal, the team begins to bound back to the designated position. If the team
has smoke available, they throw it and use it to mask their movement. When they reach the designated position,
they establish an Overwatch/SBF position.
Rangers, the team must break contact in a controlled manner. The TL controls his team by having them
IMT by buddy team using fire and maneuver techniques to the position the SL designates.
Break Contact
Page 2
Break Contact
Once in position the TL immediately gets his team online, assigns sectors of fire, and prepares to Support by fire to
allow the remainder of the Squad to Break Contact. The SL continues this process of bounding his teams away from
the enemy until the Squad is:
1. No longer receiving effective fire from the enemy
2. Passes through a higher level of support-by-fire position
3. The squad reaches its assigned location for its next mission. (Raid/PLT Attack)
After contact has been broken, the Squad will move 300 meters or a major terrain feature away. The SL should
consider changing the direction of movement once contact is broken. This will reduce the ability of the enemy to
place effective indirect fires on his Squad. Once the SL has moved the appropriate distance, the SL conducts a
security halt to consolidate and reorganize.
1. Establish 360-degree security. Once the entire squad has halted, the SL establishes a security perimeter and
emplaces the Machine Gun (MG) team to cover the most likely direction of the enemy’s attack, or high-speed
avenue of approach. This has to be done quickly in preparation for an enemy attack.
2. Gather ACE Reports. Once 360-degree security has been established, the SL calls for ACE reports. The TLs
move to each man and physically check each of their men to gather ACE reports and verify sectors of fire.
3. Re-establish the chain of command / key positions. Based off the ACE report, the SL designates personnel to
replace any key leaders / personnel who were wounded or killed (TLs, RTO).
4. Re-man key weapons. If a SAW or M203 gunner is down, the SL designates rifleman to assume those positions.
Any casualties in the MG Team will be handled team internal if possible.
5. Re-distribute ammunition and mission essential equipment. TLs cross level their own teams, SL directs the
cross leveling between teams. Mission essential equipment is taken from casualties and distributed within the
Team, then Squad. BTL prepares an emergency resupply request if necessary.
6. Report the situation to higher. The SL produces a SALT report and sends it higher along with his ACE report
thru the RTO. The RTO also calls in the emergency supply request when finished with the SALT / ACE report.
After reporting the situation to higher, the SL continues mission.
Rangers, during this last period of instruction, we have covered the Battle Drill of Break Contact as a Squad. What
are your questions pertaining to this Battle Drill?
Break Contact
Page 3
Reference: SH 21-76; pg 8-9, 8-12
MAY 2012
REACT TO A NEAR/FAR AMBUSH
“An Ambush is defined as a surprise attack by fire from a concealed position on a moving or temporarily halted target.”
1. Plan to avoid possible ambush lines
2. Initial Contact with the Enemy, within hand grenade range (≤35 meters)
3. Return Fire, Seek Cover
4. Throw hand grenades, simultaneously to prevent fratricide
5. Continue to suppress/commence assault
6. Shift/lift fire signals
7. Establish Limit of Advance (LOA)
8. Consolidate and Reorganize
360° Security, ACE, CoC, Key WPNS, Ammo, SITREP
9. Special Team considerations
The size of the enemy element he encountered.
The overall size of the Objective area.
How much time he can remain on the Objective before enemy
reinforcements arrive.
How many men he can pull off his perimeter without letting
security fall.
10. Initial EPW search, Aid & Litter, EPW search, Demo
11. Withdrawal from OBJ
12. Far ambush is contact from more than 35 meters
13. Continue mission
Alpha Team Leader
SL
RTO
AR
RM/CM
GR
Squad Leader
MG
RTO
AG
Bravo TL
RM/CM
AR
GR
EXECUTE SQUAD ATTACK OR BREAK CONTACT
React to Ambush
SEPTEMBER 2012
INTRODUCTION
Good morning, Rangers, I am (Rank)(Name) and I will be your primary instructor for the next period of
instruction, which is “React to a Near and Far Ambush”.
Before I begin, let me familiarize you to my board. On the left side, I have several administrative notes that
will help you follow this period of instruction. To the right side, there is a 12-man infantry squad in squad column,
fire team wedge. On the squad’s right is the enemy position depicted in red. Dashed lines represent proposed
positions of the elements not in contact and the LOA. Notice that my board is color-coded but not personalized.
Rangers, remember that while here at Ranger School you will color-code and personalize all of your boards.
AMBUSH
An ambush is a surprise attack by fire from a concealed position on a moving or temporarily halted target.
An element trapped in an ambush suffers a reduction or loss in combat effectiveness. Detailed route planning and
terrain analysis reduce the chances of being ambushed. Knowing how to react if ambushed can save the lives of
your men.
NEAR AMBUSH
The first type of ambush I will discuss is the near ambush. A near ambush occurs within hand-grenade
range, which is 35 meters or closer.
Once the enemy engages the lead element, all personnel within that kill zone will immediately return fire
to the enemy’s known or suspected locations, seek covered positions, and simultaneously throw fragmentary/
concussion/ smoke grenades. It is vital that the grenades are thrown at the same time because the detonations
signal the element trapped in the kill zone to begin their assault. Rangers, grenades thrown late will cause
fratricide. Once the last grenade detonates, the element in the kill zone begins to assault through the ambush line
in an attempt to eliminate or destroy the enemy’s positions. The element uses fire and maneuver techniques in this
assault.
Elements not in the kill zone immediately provide suppressive fires against the enemy and take up covered
positions. In this example, the HQ element and trail team are not in the enemy’s kill zone. These elements continue
to suppress the enemy until the element in the kill zone begins their assault. When the assault begins, the
supporting elements shift/lift their fires to allow the assault team to maneuver across the enemy’s positions.
Once across, the assault TL identifies and establishes the Limit of Advance (LOA) approximately 35 meters
past the edge of the OBJ or at the last covered and concealed position. As soon as the elements not in the kill zone
hear or see the LOA established, they move across the objective to join the assault element and establish their
portion of the Limit of Advance (LOA).
CONSOLIDATE AND RE-ORGANIZE
1. Establish 360 degree security. Once the entire squad is on the objective, the SL establishes a security
perimeter and emplaces the Machine Gun (MG) team to cover the most likely direction of the enemy’s attack or a
high-speed avenue of approach. This must be done quickly in preparation for an enemy counterattack. If the Squad
Leader establishes an “L” shaped perimeter as shown on my board, he faces the men on the flanks out at a 45degree angle to provide flank security.
React to Ambush
Page 1
React to Ambush
2. Gather ACE Reports. When the squad achieves 360 degree security, the SL calls for ACE reports. The TLs move
to each man in their team and physically check each man to gather the ACE report information and verify sectors of
fire.
1. Re-establish the chain of command / key positions. Based on the ACE report, the SL designates personnel to
replace any key leaders / personnel who were wounded or killed (Team Leaders, RTO).
4. Re-man key weapons. If a SAW or M203 gunner is down, the Squad Leader designates rifleman to assume those
positions. Any casualties in the MG Team are handled team internal if possible.
5. Re-distribute ammunition and mission essential equipment. TLs cross level within their own teams and the
SL directs cross leveling between teams. The leadership also takes mission essential equipment from casualties
and distributes it within the team first and then the squad. The Bravo TL prepares an emergency resupply request
if necessary.
6. Report the situation to higher. The SL produces a SALT report. The RTO sends the SALT and ACE reports to
higher. The RTO also calls in the emergency supply request when finished with the SALT and ACE reports.
SPECIAL TEAMS
Once the squad consolidates and reorganizes, the SL starts deploying his special teams. The first special
team he calls to his position is the EPW and search team(s). The SL decides how many teams to use based on the
following factors:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Size of the enemy element encountered on the OBJ.
Overall size of the OBJ area.
Time the squad can remain on the OBJ before enemy reinforcements arrive.
Number of men that can leave perimeter without letting security fall.
EPW AND SEARCH TEAM – CLEAR OBJ
The SL gives tasks, conditions, and standards to the EPW and search team(s) on how he wants them to
clear the OBJ. After the SL assigns each team part of the OBJ, the teams move two men abreast and clear their areas
of anything that could pose a threat to the squad. After clearing, the teams return to the SL’s location and brief him
on the number of enemy KIA, WIA, and anything else that could affect the squad.
AID AND LITTER TEAM
After the EPW and search teams clear the objective, the teams return to their place on the perimeter. If the
squad sustained any casualties that require treatment or evacuation, the SL deploys his Aid and Litter teams. The
SL gives tasks, conditions, and standards to the Aid and Litter team(s) on how he wants them to treat and evacuate
casualties. The Squad Leader also designates the Casualty Collection Point (CCP). For this example, the SL decides
to place the CCP inside the squad's perimeter. If the squad sustains casualties, the SL must consider how much
time he has on the OBJ, if any, to conduct a detailed search for PIR given the amount of time it takes to conduct
CASEVAC procedures.
React to Ambush
Page 2
React to Ambush
EPW AND SEARCH TEAM – SEARCH THE OBJ
If the squad sustains no life threatening casualties and the SL determines that he has time to gather detailed
PIR, he gives tasks, conditions, and standards to the EPW and search teams to conduct their search. The teams
search all enemy personnel and the OBJ area. They call out what they find along the way using the code words
“Black” and “Gold”. The SL assigns one Ranger the code word of Black and the other as Gold. Rangers, this
technique is a control measure for information so the SL does not confuse the type and number of equipment found
on the OBJ. For example, a Ranger assigned the codeword “Gold” who finds an AK-47 will call off “Gold, AK-47”.
The SL also gives each of the members of the EPW and search team a portion of the OBJ to search and
identifies a consolidation point for all enemy equipment. If the teams find something that they cannot identify,
they take the unknown equipment with them unless it interferes with the squad’s mission. If the equipment is too
large to carry or hinders the mission, the teams take a picture or make a sketch of that equipment before
destroying it in place.
The RTO must record all information the EPW and search teams call out. Additionally, the RTO keeps time
by starting his stopwatch at the initial contact and calling out the time on the OBJ in one-minute increments.
DEMO TEAMS
Once the EPW and search teams consolidate all enemy weapons and equipment at the point the SL
designated, the SL calls for the Demo team. The SL gives the Demo team tasks, conditions, and standards about how
and where the Demo team should destroy the enemy equipment. The squad wants to destroy the equipment so
that the enemy can no longer use it against friendly forces, but the squad may or may not have Demo. If the squad
has no Demo, the team may destroy enemy weapons by field stripping the weapons and taking the bolts with the
squad. If the squad has Demo, the Demo team prepares the charge, gives the M81 initiators to the SL, and returns
their positions on the perimeter. At this point, the SL begins the withdrawal from the OBJ.
WITHDRAWAL FROM THE OBJECTIVE
To begin the withdrawal from the objective, the SL must determine which team to send back first to
recover their rucksacks. It is recommended that the SL sends the team that has the furthest to travel back first. This
enables the squad to clear through the area where they dropped rucksacks in a controlled manner rather than
having to pass one fire team through another, which potentially masks a team’s fires if the enemy counter-attacks.
Moving the teams in a controlled manner assists in maintaining security and decreases the chance of fratricide.
If the Squad Leader has DEMO, he waits until the last team withdraws from the OBJ. When the last man
from that team passes the SL, he pulls the M81 fuse igniters to ignite the time fuse. Once the SL sees the time fuse
actually burning, he calls out “burning” and radios the message to his TLs. Once the SL successfully initiates the
Demo charge, he and the RTO move from the OBJ to their rucksacks to get ready to move.
The SL will get a “thumbs up” from the TL confirming they have accountability of their Men, Weapons, and
Equipment and are prepared to move. The SL gives the signal to move out and calls Higher with a complete
SALUTE report.
Far Ambush
React to Ambush
Page 3
React to Ambush
Rangers, a far ambush occurs beyond hand-grenade range, which is 35 meters away. In a far ambush, the
element in contact (in this case the squad) reacts to contact and either conduct a squad attack or breaks contact.
The SL consolidates and re-organizes, reports the situation to Higher, and continues the mission.
Rangers, during this period of instruction we have discussed the Battle Drill of “React to a Near and Far
Ambush”. At this time, what are your questions pertaining to this Battle Drill? If there are no questions/ no more
questions, take a 10 min break.
React to Ambush
Page 4
Reference: SH 21-76; pg 8-28
MAY 2012
REACT TO INDIRECT FIRE
“A Battle Drill is a collective action rapidly executed without applying a deliberate decision making process.”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Squad yells “INCOMING” when initial indirect fire is received.
Immediately, get down and seek cover.
After rounds impact, SL determines direction and distance for squad to move
SL commands “12 o’clock, 300 meters”;
Squad echoes command and double times in that direction/distance
Get into buddy teams and assist all injured Rangers out of the impact area
Team Leader maintain contact visually and orally
SL determines direction and distance based on
The direction of travel.
The direction of incoming fire (if known).
Possible obstacles and terrain.
The enemies most probable course of action (MPCOA).
9. Change direction due to possible FO.
10. SL and TLs maintain control and ensure use of proper movement techniques
11. Move a minimum of 300 meters.
12. Establish security halt
13. Consolidate and reorganize.
360° Security, ACE, CoC, Key WPNS, Ammo, SITREP
14. Continue mission.
Alpha Team Leader
Lead Fire Team
Squad Leader
HQ Element
Bravo Team Leader
“Incoming!”
Trail Fire Team
“12 o’clock, 300 meters”
React to Indirect Fire
SEPTEMBER 2012
Good Morning/Afternoon Rangers, my name is (Rank) (Name), and I will be your primary instructor for
your next period of instruction, which is React to Indirect Fire while dismounted. Additional information for this
instruction is on page 8-28 and A-1 in your Ranger Handbooks.
Before we begin, let me familiarize you to my board. On the left side, I have a few administrative notes to help
you follow this period of instruction. To the right, there is a 12-man infantry squad in movement formation
utilizing the Traveling movement technique. The large arrow represents the squad's direction of travel. Enemy
incoming rounds of indirect fire are shown in RED. Notice that my board is color-coded but not personalized.
Remember while you are here at Ranger School, you will color-code and personalize all of your boards. Colorcoded refers to the board displaying the lead team in BLUE, the HQ element in YELLOW, and the trail team in
GREEN. A personalized board has the Ranger’s name next to his duty position. Every position must be
personalized so that every man in the squad understands where they belong in the squad’s formation. For example,
if I were the SL, there would be a line next to the SL circle with my name on it.
The squad can receive incoming indirect fire from any direction. Rangers, if the indirect fire is targeted
accurately on the squad’s position, the squad has no warning before the first round impacts.
Once the squad receives indirect fire, all personnel in the squad immediately yell “INCOMING” and
simultaneously get down in the prone position and seek available cover. Rangers, this response must occur within
seconds. After the initial rounds impact, the SL determines a direction and distance he wants the squad to move.
The SL determines the direction and distance based on the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
The direction of travel.
The direction of incoming fire (if known).
Possible obstacles and terrain.
The enemy’s most probable course of action.
After making this decision, the SL yells the command to the squad. An example command is "12 o’clock
300 meters." All squad members echo the command and immediately double time the prescribed direction and
distance. While moving, squad members look for their Ranger buddies to the left and the right to ensure there are
no casualties. If a Ranger has a buddy who is injured, they assist them in moving out of the area.
TLs control their men through oral or visual signals. TLs adjust the movement formation so they can
maintain control during the faster movement. TLs ensure that they maintain security at all times and enforce noise
and light discipline as much as possible.
If the squad receives additional rounds, the squad continues to react in the same manner as previously
described. The squad continues until they no longer receive indirect fire. If indirect fire seems to follow the patrol,
the SL should change the direction of movement due to possible enemy forward observers.
During the movement, the SL maintains control of the squad and ensures the squad remains in the
movement formation and technique that he deems necessary. Together, the SL and TLs must prevent individual
confusion on the battlefield. If the squad stops receiving incoming fire during their movement, they still continue to
move the last distance and direction that the SL commanded.
Rangers while here at Ranger School you WILL move a minimum of 300 meters from where the last round
impacted. Rangers this is due to the fact that in the type of terrain you will be encountering here at Ranger school
300 meters is the minimum distance you would have to move if it were real indirect fires. 300 meters in this type
React to Indirect Fire
Page 1
React to Indirect Fire
of terrain will allow you to have heavy vegetation or a terrain feature between your squad and the impact area. Of
course if you found yourself in arid environments such as Iraq or Afghanistan you may need to move much further.
Once the squad has reached that destination they will establish a security halt, get accountability of all personnel
and equipment, conduct SLLS then consolidate and reorganize:
1. Establish 360 degree security. Once SLLS is complete the SL spot checks the security perimeter and ensures
the Machine Gun (MG) team covers the most likely direction of the enemy’s attack, or high speed avenue of
approach. This has to be done quickly in preparation for an enemy counterattack.
2. Gather ACE Reports. Once 360-degree security has been established, the SL calls for ACE reports. The TLs will
move to each man and physically check their men to gather ACE reports and verify sectors of fire.
3. Re-establish the chain of command / key positions. Based off the ACE report, the SL designates personnel to
replace any key leaders / personnel who were wounded or killed (TLs, RTO).
4. Re-man key weapons. If a SAW or M320 gunner is down, the SL designates rifleman to assume those positions.
Any casualties in the MG Team will be handled team internal if possible.
5. Re-distribute ammunition and mission essential equipment. TLs will cross level their own teams, and the
SL directs the cross leveling between teams. Mission essential equipment is taken from casualties and distributed
within the Team, then Squad. BTL prepares an emergency resupply request if necessary.
6. Report the situation to higher. The SL produces a SALT report and sends it higher along with his ACE report
thru the RTO. The RTO also calls in the emergency supply request when finished with the ACE report.
Once Consolidation and Reorganization is complete, the Squad will move out and continue the mission.
Rangers this completes your period of instruction on React to Indirect Fire. At this time do you have any questions
pertaining to this battle drill? If there are no questions/no more questions, your next period of instruction will be
on ____________, take a 10-minute break.
React to Indirect Fire
Page 2
Reference: SH 21-76; pg 6-9
MAY 2012
CROSSING A SMALL OPEN AREA
“Never plan your route to go through an open danger area.”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Route planning considerations
Floating rally points
Near side rally point (NSRP); 300 back azimuth
Far side rally point (NSRP); 300 on azimuth
Avoid danger areas
Conduct a detailed map study
Time factors
Have time?
Identifiable Feature
Do not have time?
on Far Side
8. Actions at the potential danger area
9. Lead TL gives hand and arm signal to halt
10. Squad assumes 360° security and short halt posture
11. SL spot checks perimeter and moves to lead TL
12. SLLS
13. Pinpoint
14. Recon the potential open danger area
15. SL assesses the situation and considers
Is this an open danger area?
Does he have enough time to move his element
around it?
16. Small open danger areas (two methods available)
300 meters on azimuth
FSRP
90
X
90
Detour Bypass Method
1. Least preferred
2. Series of 90° turns
3. SL and lead TL determine that
 There is no identifiable feature
They cannot see the far side
Are under periods of limited
visibility
4. SL and lead TL confirm information, move
back to perimeter and disseminate
5. TLs confirm pace count, pace man does
not add to current pace.
OPEN
Contour
1. Most preferred
2. Must have an identifiable feature, estimate distance, have a
covered and conceal route around the open danger area
3. SL and lead TL confirm information, move back to
perimeter and disseminate
4. TLs confirm pace count, pace man does not add to current
pace.
5. Move out, 25 meters away; team/individuals are able to flex
6. Far side reached; add SL’s estimate to pace (Example)
7. Continue mission
AREA
90
O
90
NSRP
300 meter, back azimuth
Reference: SH 21-76; pg 6-9
MAY 2012
LARGE OPEN DANGER AREA
“Never plan your route to go through an open danger area.”
1. Time will determine how you engage the danger area.
2. Leader must consider
Routes
Bounding Over-watch (successive or alternating)
Over-watch positions
3. Types of bounds
Successive bounds
Alternating bounds
4. Keys to success (SL/M240B, distance of bounding
element does not exceed 150 m)
5. Using successive bounds
Emplace M240B with initial over-watch element
SL gives distance, direction and terrain feature
TL contact SL via FM, H/A signals or other
signals
6. The SL controls movement of elements until out of the
danger area.
7. Actions on enemy contact
Squad Attack or Break Contact
Squad leader will call out Rally Point (Squad
echoes)
Break contact in buddy teams and E&E
Execute rally point procedures
FSRP
(300 meters on mission azimuth)
150M
EFFECTIVE SMALL
ARMS RANGE
Lead Fire Team
E
N
E
M
Y
C
O
N
T
A
C
T
*May come
from any
direction
Trail Fire Team
(300 meters on back azimuth)
NSRP
* DEPICTS SUCCESSIVE BOUNDS
Open Danger Areas
SEPTEMBER 2012
INTRODUCTION
Good Morning/Afternoon Rangers, my name is (Rank) (Name). I will be your primary instructor for
your next period of instruction, which is on negotiating open danger areas. You can reference the information
pertaining to negotiating open danger areas in your RHBs starting on page 6-9.
FAMILIARIZE SMALL OPEN AREA BOARD
We will begin this period instruction with crossing a small open danger area.
Let me familiarize you to my board. (Point to each thing as you describe it)
In the center of my board, there is a graphic representation of an open area. The left portion of the board
contains administrative notes that will help you follow along with this period of instruction.
To the left of the open area is an example of the Contour bypass method. This graphic is accompanied by
administrative notes that pertain to the contour bypass method. To right of the open area, there is an example of
the detour bypass method. This graphic also comes with administrative notes that pertain to the Detour by-pass
method.
At the bottom center portion of my board, I have a Near Side Rally Point (NSRP), which is 300 meters on a
back azimuth from the open area. At the top center point of the board, I have a Far Side Rally Point (FSRP) that is
300 meters on mission azimuth from the open area. For the purpose of this class, the squad is traveling to the
North.
OPEN DANGER AREAS
You should never plan your route to go through an open danger area. Therefore, all open danger areas that
you come across during movement are considered unknown.
Since the danger area is unknown, the rally points are not planned and are considered "floating" rally
points. The near side rally point is 300 meters on a back azimuth and the far side rally point is 300 meters on
mission azimuth for small open danger areas. Rangers, keep in mind that the floating rally points are 300 meters
from where contact is made with the enemy.
You must avoid all open danger areas. Moving your element through an open danger area greatly increases
the chances of making contact with the enemy by direct or indirect fire. I cannot overstate the importance of
conducting a detailed map reconnaissance of your routes.
Additionally, TIME is the determining factor when deciding if an open danger area is small or large. The
time you have available determines how you will negotiate the open danger area.
If you HAVE TIME to bypass the open danger area, it is a small open danger area and you bypass it. If you
DO NOT HAVE TIME to bypass it and must cross the open danger area, it is considered a large open danger area.
For example, let's say that you are patrolling in a wooded area and you come across an open area the size of
Fryar Drop Zone. For those of you who are not airborne qualified, Fryar Drop Zone is an open area several
kilometers long and wide.
Now if you have the TIME to bypass Fryar Drop Zone, you treat it as a small open danger area. For example,
if you have a whole day to get to the far side, then you treat it as a small open danger area and bypass it using
either the contour or detour bypass methods.
Open Danger Areas
Page 1
Open Danger Areas
However, if you only have 30 minutes to get to the far side of Fryar Drop Zone, you treat it as a large open
danger area and use the bounding over-watch movement technique to move across it.
ACTIONS AT OPEN DANGER AREAS
Once the lead TL sees a potential danger area, he gives the hand and arm signal for halt and danger area
(Demonstrate H&A Signals), the squad halts, and establishes a 360-degree perimeter in the Short Halt Posture.
The SL does a quick visual check to ensure that security is established then moves his way up to the lead
TL’s position.
The lead TL tells the SL why he has halted, for example when there is an open area in front of the squad.
The SL has the squad conduct SLLS to check for any enemy activity in and around the area because an
enemy force might be in the area.
The SL and TLs then pinpoint their current location on the map. If the SL understands where the squad is
on the map and terrain, he improves his chances of making a sound tactical decision on how to negotiate the
danger area. This also helps the SL develop a course of action in the event the squad makes contact with the enemy.
Additionally, pinpointing helps the SL identify if the squad drifted off the planned route and moved to an open area
that the SL planned to avoid.
After pinpointing, the SL and lead TL move forward using cover and concealment to avoid detection during
their recon of the potential open danger area. If it is an open danger area, the SL must conduct an assessment and
develop a course of action.
Rangers, the SL must consider:
1. Is this an open danger area?
2. Does he have enough time to move his squad around it? If he does have enough time to move around it,
then the squad treats the danger area as a small open danger area. However, if he does not have enough
time to bypass it, he treats it as a large open danger area. I will discuss crossing a large open danger area in
detail later in this class.
SMALL OPEN DANGER AREAS
In this case, the SL determines that his squad has enough time to bypass the open area. The SL must then
decide on which method his squad will use to bypass it. Again, there are two methods for negotiating a small open
danger area: the contour method and the detour-bypass method.
CONTOUR VERSUS DETOUR METHOD USING THE CONTOUR BYPASS METHOD
The contour bypass method is the most preferred method to use when bypassing an open danger area
because it gives the squad flexibility in the route around the open danger area. When conducting the recon, the SL
has to confirm three things in order to utilize the contour method:
1. First, the contour bypass method requires good visibility and the SL must be able to see a
prominent feature on the far side of the open area that is on the mission azimuth. A prominent
feature can be a huge rock, a fallen tree, a burned out car or anything that sticks out. The squad must be
able to find that object when it reaches the far side of the danger area. The squad uses this prominent
feature as a navigational aid. It enables the squad to get back on its original mission azimuth once it
reaches the far side.
Open Danger Areas
Page 2
Open Danger Areas
2. Second, the SL must have an approximate (estimated) distance between his present location on
the near side of the open area and the prominent feature on the far side of the open area. The ability
to estimate the distance to the prominent feature on the far side of the open area is the primary reason
that this method must be used in hours of good visibility. However, if the squad has a laser range
finder, the SL can use this method in periods of limited visibility as well.
3. Third, the SL finds the most covered and concealed route around the open area from his squad's
present location to the prominent feature on the far side of the open area. For example, on my sketch
board the SL and lead TL determine that the route that affords the best cover and concealment is on the
left side of the open area. (Point to the route)
The SL confirms this information with the lead TL and moves back to the squad's security halt. After
returning to the security halt, the SL briefs the TLs on the situation.
Both TLs quickly disseminate the information to their teams and move to the apex of their formations.
The TLs must confirm with the pace men the squad's mission pace at this point. Also, the TLs must ensure that the
pace men do not add to the mission pace count as the squad moves around the open area. The SL takes a quick
visual accountability of the squad and signals the lead TL to move out.
The lead TL chooses a route that keeps everyone in the squad a minimum of 25 meters from the open
danger area and moves around the open danger area. It is every squad member's responsibility to ensure that they
stay concealed from the open area. The personnel on the flank of the formation that are closest to the open area
may have to "flex" their locations in the formation to stay concealed. The squad continues to move until they reach
the prominent feature on the far side of the open area.
After reaching the far side of the open danger area, the TLs check with their pace men and ensure that the
pace men add the SL’s approximation of the distance across the open area to the mission pace count.
For example, pretend that at the near side of the open area the mission pace was 1500 meters. The SL
estimated the distance from this point to the prominent feature on the far side to be 500 meters. So, after the squad
moves around the open area to the prominent feature on the far side, the pace men's mission pace should be 2,000
meters.
After the squad is clear of the open danger area, they continue with the mission.
USING THE DETOUR BYPASS METHOD
Rangers, we will now discuss the Detour Bypass Method.
The detour bypass method is not the preferred bypass method. The detour bypass method is simply a
series of 90-degree turns used to “box” around a danger area. The squad must move the same distance on the
bypass legs and make exactly 90-degree turns in order to make it back to their original route. The detour bypass
method uses simple math to get the squad back on its route on the far side of the open area. But, any obstacle the
squad encounters while bypassing the open area can cause the simple math equation to fail. Therefore, if the
squad utilizes the detour bypass method, it must exercise extreme attention to detail to ensure that it conducts
the method correctly.
During the recon of the small open danger area, if the SL and lead TL determine that:
Open Danger Areas
Page 3
Open Danger Areas
1. There is no prominent feature on the far side of the open area that the squad could use to get back on
mission azimuth.
2. It is not possible to see and estimate the distance to the far side of the open area.
3. There is limited visibility and the squad has no laser range finder or GPS device.
Rangers, if the SL and lead TL find that any of these conditions are true, the SL has to use the detour
bypass method to negotiate his way around the open area. The SL and lead TL still determine which side of the
open area affords the squad the most covered and concealed route around the open area. Again, a good map
recon helps the SL develop this course of action.
Once the SL decides to use the detour bypass method, he simply tells the lead TL whether he wants the
squad to travel to the left or right around the open area.
The SL briefs the TLs on the situation and gives them time to brief their men. The TLs need to ensure that
their compass and pace men understand that the squad is using the detour bypass method. In this situation, the SL
may decide to use primary and alternate compass and pace men. Once the squad is ready to move, the SL gives
the order to move out.
Rangers, understand that the detour bypass method is simply a series of 90-degree turns. This technique
uses a simple mathematical process to bypass or “box” around an area. Once the squad is on the far side of the
open area, it returns to its original heading.
In this example, the SL decides the squad will bypass the open area on its right side (point to it on board)
because this side provided the most covered and concealed route.
Rangers, when you use the detour bypass method, you should utilize the acronym RALS. RALS stands for
Right Add, Left Subtract. When you turn right, you should add 90 degrees to your azimuth. When you turn left, you
should subtract 90 degrees from your azimuth.
In this example, the squad’s mission azimuth is 360 or 0 degrees. Their near side mission pace count is
1500 meters. Since the SL determined the right side is the best side to bypass the open danger area, the squad’s
first change of direction is a 90-degree turn to the right. Since the squad is traveling on a 0-degree azimuth and
uses the acronym RALS, it turns right and adds 90 degrees to the mission azimuth.
The squad continues to travel on this heading until the squad passes the entire width of the open area. The
squad must keep an accurate pace count for this movement. This leg of travel is an alternate leg. The pace count
is important because when the squad reaches the far side of the open area, they must move the same distance to
get back on their original route. In this example, the distance that the squad has to travel to bypass the width of
the open danger area is 400 meters.
Once the squad moves past the width of the open area, it must turn left to get back on its mission
azimuth. Using RALS, the squad subtracts 90-degrees from its azimuth. This puts them back on a 0-degree
azimuth. The squad then travels the length of the open area on this azimuth. Remember, the pace men must count
and add the distance the squad travels on this leg to their mission pace count. In this example the squad moves 500
meters to bypass the open area and reach the far side. Then, the squad turns left and subtracts 90 degrees from
the azimuth. In this example, this puts the squad on a 270 degree azimuth. Next, the squad moves the width of the
danger area, which is the same distance they traveled on the first alternate leg.
In this example, I said that the alternate leg down here was 400 meters (point to it). Therefore, the squad
must move 400 meters on this alternate leg up here to get them back on the correct route on the far side of the
open danger area (point to it).
Open Danger Areas
Page 4
Open Danger Areas
After moving the correct distance for the width of the danger area, the squad makes a final turn to the right
and adds 90 degrees to their azimuth. This puts the squad on its original mission azimuth, which in this example
was a 360 or 0 degree azimuth. Now, the compass men keep the squad on mission azimuth and the pace men
resume their mission pace count. In this example, the mission pace count should be 2000 meters.
Remember that the distance they traveled on this leg of movement was 500 meters (point to it). When the
pace men add this distance to the original mission pace count of 1500 meters, the squad’s new mission pace count
is 2000 meters or 2 KM.
Rangers, keep in mind that as the squad moves around the open danger area, the TLs and the SL ensure
that everyone in the squad keeps a minimum distance of 25 meters and/ or out of sight of the open danger area.
In addition, the lead TL spot checks the compass man and pace man at each leg to ensure accuracy. Once the squad
negotiates the open danger area, it continues with the mission.
NEGOTIATING LARGE OPEN DANGER AREAS
Rangers, at this time we will discuss large open danger areas. Please divert your attention to the large open
danger area sketch on my board. Remember that Time is the factor that determines whether an open area is small
or large and dictates how to negotiate an open danger area. If you have time to bypass the open danger area, it is a
small open area, and you will bypass it. If you do not have time to bypass an open danger area and have to cross
through it, then it is a large open area, and you will utilize the bounding over watch technique.
INTRODUCE BOARD
Before we begin, let me familiarize you to my board. As you can see, the board is color-coded and
personalized as described in the previous classes. (Point to each thing as you describe it)
Rangers, on my board I have depicted the same squad that I previously described when I discussed the
small open danger area. However, in this depiction the squad, due to time constraints, will utilize the bounding
over watch technique. In the center portion of my board there are examples of over-watch positions in the open
danger area. The squad takes up these positions as it maneuvers through the open danger area. On the left side of
my board, there are some administrative notes that will help you follow this period of instruction. On the right side
of my board, there are arrows that show the enemy’s probable direction of attack. Also, notice I have depicted the
NSRP, FSRP as previously described, and the squad is still traveling from the bottom of the board towards the top
of the board.
LARGE OPEN DANGER AREAS
Rangers, keep in mind that our actions up to the open danger area remain the same as previously
described. However, in this scenario the SL and lead TL during their recon determine that the squad does not have
enough time to bypass around the open danger area. Since they do not have enough time to bypass it, they must
consider it a large open danger area and travel through it utilizing the bounding over watch technique.
LEADER CONSIDERATIONS
The SL must decide on the best possible route through the large open danger area. Some of the things the
SL should consider are:
1. A route through the open area that allows the SL to maneuver his fire teams using any available cover and
concealment. He also needs to look for possible low ground such as wadis that his squad could use to
avoid detection or defend from in the event they make contact while passing through the open area.
Open Danger Areas
Page 5
Open Danger Areas
2. He needs to decide which bounding over watch method he wants to use to maneuver his teams through
the open danger area. These are either successive or alternating bounds.
3. The SL needs to determine the route that affords the best possible over watch positions so that the over
watch team can cover the other team’s movement.
Once the SL determines the best possible route for the squad to travel through the open danger area and
which method of bounds he wants the squad to use, he and the lead TL move back to the squad’s security halt. The
SL briefs his TLs on the course of action he has decided and the TLs disseminate the information to their men.
SUCCESSIVE VERSUS ALTERNATING BOUNDS
Rangers, understand that there are two methods of bounding over watch. These are alternating and
successive bounds. Successive bounds are most preferred. This is because they are easier to control.
However, this method of bounding is slower.
(Use your hands to demonstrate) Successive bounds are nothing more than putting one team in over
watch and then bounding the other team forward. Once that team is in position and performing over watch, the
other team bounds out and halts online or abreast with the team in over watch.
This method of bounding online with one another continues all the way across the open area. Generally, the
same team bounds out first each time. Again, it is the easiest method of bounding to control.
(Use your hands to demonstrate) Alternating bounds are harder to control. However, you gain more
ground quicker. To use alternating bounds one team is placed in over watch and the other team bounds out and
sets up in an over-watch position. Once the bounding team is in position the team that was in over watch then
moves past the team in over watch. When that team is set in an over watch position, the team that was in over
watch now moves past the team in over watch. It is nothing more than leap frogging your elements across the open
area.
For either successive or alternating bounds, there are two keys to success:
1. Both the SL and M240B gun team usually stay with the initial over watch element and they remain with
that element throughout the movement unless otherwise dictated by the SL due to METT-TC
considerations.
2. The bounding element does not bound more than the direct line of sight and effective small arms
range of the element in the over watch position. Therefore, the teams should not bound more than 150
meters from one another. This is all METT-TC dependent. Remember that effective small arms range is 300
meters, but if the bounding team goes that far, the supporting team cannot effectively engage any enemy
forces beyond them.
USING SUCCESSIVE BOUNDS
Successive bounds are the most preferred method to use; therefore, I will talk you through crossing the
large open danger area using successive bounds.
Once the SL determines where and how he wants to cross the large open danger area he positions a team in
the wood line in an over watch position. The example on my board shows the lead team in the initial over watch
position. This team is preferably in the prone (situation dictates), prepared to engage the enemy and covers the
movement of the trail team into the open area.
The SL positions the M240B gun team with the initial over watch element. Keep in mind that the SL can
keep the M240B with the initial over watch element throughout the movement.
Open Danger Areas
Page 6
Open Danger Areas
Once that team is in the over watch position, the SL then gives a distance, direction and if available a
prominent feature for the bounding team to move to. In this example, the initial maneuver element is the trail
team. The trail team bounds out to the position the SL designates and sets up an over watch position. As the team
bounds out, they move in a team wedge and are prepared to make contact. Once this maneuver element
establishes an over watch position, the TL tells the SL his team is prepared to perform over watch duties. The TL
can communicate this by calling on FM, using hand and arm signals, or using any other predetermined signal.
The SL then gives a distance, direction and prominent feature to the TL from the original over watch
position. The squad on my board is using the successive bounding method. When successive bounding, the
maneuvering team moves to a position that is online (abreast) with the other team. In the example on the board,
the lead team moves online with the trail team.
The SL continues to maneuver his teams through the open danger area in this manner until the squad
reaches the wood line on the far side of the open area. Once the squad is in the wood line, they return to the
FOOM and continue with the mission.
Rangers, if you are moving through an open danger area and you come across a road in the middle of the
open area, consider this a danger area within a danger area. You will continue to move in successive or
alternating bounds.
ACTIONS ON ENEMY CONTACT
Rangers, the most important element when in contact with the enemy is to maintain control. Contact can
be made anywhere in or around the open danger area. If contact is made while crossing an open danger area,
regardless of its size, the SL must maintain control of his squad. It is up to the SL to determine whether to conduct
a Squad Attack or Break Contact.
If the squad is in contact and the SL loses control of his Squad, perhaps due to an overwhelming enemy
force:
1.
2.
3.
4.
The SL calls out which Rally Point best facilitates the squad's survival and mission completion.
The entire squad echoes the designated rally point.
The squad then breaks contact by buddy teams and E&E to the designated rally point.
At the rally point, they conduct rally point procedures. While breaking contact and moving towards the
rally point, the squad members need to get out of the open danger area as soon as possible. If they are in
the wood line, they need to ensure that they do not enter the open danger area while moving to the rally
point.
CONCLUSION
Rangers, during the last period of instruction we have discussed how to negotiate small and large open
danger areas and actions to take on enemy contact while negotiating those danger areas. What are your questions
at this time?
If there are no questions or no more questions take a 10-minute break.
Open Danger Areas
Page 7
Reference: SH 21-76; pg 6-7
SEP 2012
LINEAR DANGER AREA
“A Linear danger area can be defined as a danger area that has a long axis where the
enemy can concentrate their fires on your unit as you cross it.”
Farside rally point info for a know LDA
GL
TF
DIR
DIS
____________
____________
____________
____________
FSRP
(300 m on mission azimuth)
E
N
E
M
Y
Alpha Team Leader
Lead Fire Team
FARSIDE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Route planning considerations
Known versus Unknown
Rally point characteristics (EAAPP)
Crossing points (Good / Bad)
Man-made LDA
Roads
Vehicle/Foot trails
Railroad tracks
Clear cut areas
6. Natural
Streams/creeks/rivers
Erosion ditches
Large Game trails
7. Active/Inactive
GL ___________
TF ___________
C
O
N
T
NEAR SIDE
A
*May come from
C any direction
T
Squad Leader
HQ Element
Bravo Team Leader
Trail Fire Team
Nearside rally point info for a know LDA
GL
TF
DIR
DIS
____________
____________
____________
____________
(300 meters on back azimuth)
NSRP
ORION ROAD
8. Actions at an LDA
9. Halt
10. 360 degree security
11. SLLS / Pinpoint
12. Recon LDA
13. During recon, SL determines whether LDA is:
Man-made or natural
Known or unknown
Active or inactive
14. SL will also identify a crossing point and suitable
location for the left and right flank security elements.
15. Recon element returns and disseminates
16. Emplace flank security
17. Point out crossing points and ensure flank security
sees crossing point
18. Trail team with 4 personnel; or with 5 personnel
19. Most casualty producing weapons point out.
20. Emplace security in Short Halt Posture, use tap code
21. Squad crosses LDA
22. Lead fire team clear 50 by 50 meter area
23. Headquarters follows, trail team crosses and breaks
down flank security
24. Actions on enemy contact
Linear Danger Areas
INTRODUCTION
SEPTEMBER 2012
Good Morning/Afternoon Rangers, my name is (Rank) (Name), and I will be your primary instructor for
the next period of instruction, which is on crossing a LDA, commonly referred to as an LDA. Rangers, you can
reference the information for this period of instruction in your RHBs starting on page 6-7.
In your previous classes, you learned how to negotiate small and large open danger areas. In this class, you
will learn how to cross a LDA while maintaining control and security.
A LDA is a danger area that has a long axis where the enemy can concentrate their fires on your unit as you
cross it. Examples of LDAs are roads, trails, rivers, or any type of natural or man-made feature where your unit may
be observed crossing. Think of a LDA as a fatal funnel.
FAMILIARIZE BOARD
Before we begin, let me familiarize you to my board. (Point out each portion as you discuss it).
On the right hand side of my board, I have some administrative notes to help you follow this period of
instruction. In the center, I have a 12 man Infantry squad crossing a LDA. Since the squad planned to cross at this
point, there is a given grid location and terrain feature for the crossing. At the lower portion of my board I have the
Near Side Rally Point (NSRP) for the tentatively planned crossing point with a corresponding Grid Location (GL)
and Terrain Feature (TF). At the top center portion of my board, you will see the Far Side Rally Point (FSRP). Again,
the FSRP has a GL and TF.
If the squad comes upon an unplanned/ unknown LDA, the Rally Points can simply be floating Rally Points.
This means that the far side rally point is 300 meters from the LDA on the mission azimuth. The near side rally
point is 300 meters from the LDA on a back azimuth.
On the left side of my board, arrows indicate most probable direction of enemy attack as this squad crosses
the LDA.
By now, you all know the expectation about color coding and personalizing your boards. Rangers, note that
if there is an LDA on your route, you will need to name the danger area on your boards. You can either use the
name of the road from the map or if it has no name label it “no name road” or “no name trail” on your boards.
1. Route Planning Considerations
While planning routes and traveling during your mission, you must avoid LDA as much as possible.
Crossing a LDA greatly increases the chances of observation and/or engagement by enemy forces. Bypassing all
LDAs during your missions is almost impossible. At some point, you will have to cross a LDA. You should plan and
coordinate for indirect fires to support your crossing of all known LDAs.
When crossing a LDA, your element must maintain security. Failure to maintain security while crossing a
LDA needlessly causes your men to die. I cannot overstate the importance of conducting a detailed map
reconnaissance of your routes and taking the time to fully think through how your element will negotiate any LDA
that you come across during movement.
With this in mind, let’s discuss how to negotiate LDAs.
2. KNOWN VERSUS UNKNOWN
Rangers, you want to avoid Danger Areas while patrolling. LDAs can fall into two categories: known and
unknown. A known LDA is one that is depicted on the map. Your element identifies a known LDA during
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planning and determines the element has to cross it either going to or coming from the OBJ. An unknown LDA is
not depicted on the map or is one that the tactical situation demands crossing. With known
LDAs, you need to decide on a predetermined near and far side rally point and a predetermined crossing point.
These rally points have a 6-digit grid, terrain feature, and a direction and distance from the crossing point. The
leadership must disseminate all of this information to everyone going on that patrol. These locations are decided
upon during your route planning. For unknown LDAs your RP can be floating rally points. For example, your
NSRP will be 300 meters on a back azimuth from the crossing point. The FSRP will be 300 M on azimuth from the
crossing point.
3. Rally Point Characteristics
When determining the near and far side rally points, you will look for the five characteristics of a good rally
point. Rangers an easy way to remember these characteristics is to remember “Easy, Away, Away, Provides,
Provides”. Rally points are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Easily defendable for a short period of time.
Away from natural lines of drift.
Away from high-speed avenues of approach.
Provides good cover and concealment from both ground and air.
Provides little or no tactical value to the enemy.
4. Crossing Points
When looking for a crossing point, look for a location that provides the least chance of being detected by
the enemy. For a known LDA, the crossing point has a 6-digit grid and a terrain feature. For an unknown LDA
your crossing point must be a suitable site close to where your direction of travel crosses the LDA.
Good places to cross are at:
1.
2.
3.
4.
A bend in the road.
Low-lying areas.
The military crest of a hill.
Areas that provide cover and concealment close to the LDA on the near and far side.
Poor places to cross are at:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Road/Trail Intersections.
At the long axis of a road.
Hill Tops.
Any area that does not provide cover and concealment for your element as they cross the LDA.
NOTE: Give Ranger an example of a good crossing point to shoot for. For example “A good crossing point would be in
the low ground, at the bend of the LDA, with cover and concealment close to the edge of the LDA on the near and far
side”.
There are two types of LDAs; they are either Natural or Man-made.
5. Man-made LDA
Examples of man-made LDAs are:
1. Roads
2. Vehicle or Foot Trails
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3. Railroad Tracks
4. Clear cut areas for power/telephone lines
A key thing to remember is that if man made it, then man will use it.
6. Natural LDA
Examples of Natural LDAs are:
1. Streams/creeks/rivers
2. Erosion ditches
3. Game trails (Large game trails)
7. Active/Inactive
LDAs can be characterized as either Active or Inactive. When conducting a recon of an LDA before
crossing it you want to determine if it is active or inactive. An active LDA will have signs of recent use, things
such as:
1. Foot or vehicle tracks
2. Trash/debris
3. Broken vegetation/disturbed dirt/gravel
Remember that a paved road will probably not show signs of recent activity.
An inactive LDA may not warrant emplacing security as your element crosses, however, elements will still
maintain security as they cross the inactive LDA.
8. Actions at an LDA
This is an example of how to cross a LDA:
9. Halt
Once the lead TL sees a potential LDA, he gives the hand and arm signal (GV) or command for Halt (LV) and
Danger Area (Demonstrate H&A Signals), the squad halts, and establishes a 360-degree perimeter in the Short
Halt Posture.
10. 360 degree security
The SL does a quick visual check to ensure that 360-degree security is established then moves his way up
to the lead TL's position.
The TL tells the SL why he has halted, such as in this case there is a potential LDA to the front of the squad.
11. SLLS/Pinpoint
The SL has the squad conduct SLLS to check for any enemy activity in and around the area, particularly for
any foot or vehicle traffic on the LDA.
The SL and TLs then pinpoint their current location on the map. Rangers must always remain aware of
their current location on the map. Taking the time to pinpoint the current location on the map prevents Rangers
from drifting off the planned route and running into an unplanned LDA. If Rangers are relatively close to the OBJ
and are conducting an Ambush, then Rangers want to take the time to ensure they are not about to cross the OBJ.
Knowing the location and terrain, allows Rangers to make a sound tactical decision on how to negotiate a
LDA.
12. RECON LDA
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The lead TL and SL move forward using available cover and concealment, to recon the potential LDA. The
SL and lead TL must not expose their movement to the LDA; they must utilize available cover and concealment to
avoid detection. After they get eyes on and determine that it is in fact a LDA the SL needs to determine how the
squad is going to cross it.
13. Assess LDA
When the SL and lead TL are conducting the recon of the LDA the SL needs to determine several things to
assist him in deciding on the threat the LDA poses to his Squad. They are:
1. Is the LDA Man-made or natural? Remember if it is made by man, men use it.
2. Is it a known or unknown LDA? If it is a known LDA that the Squad plans on crossing, is the squad at
the correct crossing point? If it is an unknown LDA, did the squad drift off of their planned route?
3. Is the LDA active or inactive? If it is active then flank security has to be emplaced and the threat of
compromise is much higher as the squad crosses. If it is inactive the SL may decide to cross the LDA
without emplacing flank security elements.
14. ID crossing point and security locations
Additionally, the SL needs to determine the following while he and the lead TL are conducting a recon of
the LDA:
1. Identifying a crossing point. Whether it is a known or unknown LDA the SL must find a suitable
crossing point. The SL also must look at the far side of the LDA to ensure that it provides adequate
cover and concealment and unrestrictive terrain so the squad can continue movement after crossing
the LDA. Remember, an ideal crossing point a bend of a road in the low ground with cover and
concealment as close as possible on the near and far side of the LDA.
2. Identify a suitable location for the left and right flank security elements. The SL wants to find a
location where the flank security personnel can see down the long axis of the road to provide early
warning. The flank security position MUST be in line of sight with the crossing point. The flank
security positions must also provide cover and concealment for the personnel on flank security to
hide behind if enemy elements move down the LDA.
15. Recon element returns and disseminates
After the SL completes his recon of the LDA, he and the lead TL return to the squad’s security halt. At the
security halt, the SL briefs the lead TL and the trail TL on how the squad will cross the LDA. The SL tells the trail
TL to bring his team forward. While the trail TL moves his men, the SL issues task, conditions and standards to the
lead TL for clearing the far side of the LDA. It sounds something like this.
"On my signal, your team crosses and clears the far side. Move far enough in to allow the entire squad to
cross the LDA and not be seen from the road. This is normally a 50m by 50m area. Look for signs of enemy activity
and ensure that the squad can continue movement through the terrain. If it is not suitable, move your team back to
the near side. If it is suitable, continue clearing and call me via FM. If the radio does not work, I want you to halt
your element and send your last man back to signal when it is clear using either a thumbs up during GV or during
LV use either IR flash or compass vertical answered by compass horizontal. When you have finished briefing your
men, return to the apex of your fire team so that I know that you are ready to cross”. Once the Lead TL understands
the SL’s instructions, he moves out to brief his team.
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After the SL briefs the lead TL, he links up with the trail TL. By this time, the trail TL should have brought
his team forward to the SL’s location. Also, at this time the personnel in the HQ element pull rear security for the
squad.
16. EMPLACE FLANK SECURITY
To emplace the left and right flank security, the SL has several options. He can:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Physically emplace them himself.
Have the trail TL physically emplace them.
Have the trail TL emplace one team and he physically emplaces the other.
Point out where he wants the flank security and they can emplace themselves.
The SL decides which method he wants to use based on whether it is good or limited visibility, the terrain,
the vegetation, and the status of his personnel.
17. Point out crossing point
It is important that the SL points out the crossing point to the personnel on the flank security elements.
The flank security teams MUST be able to see the crossing point from their security position.
18. Trail team with 4/5 personnel
If the trail team only has four personnel, the trail TL is on flank security on the side that the SL
determines to be the most probable direction of enemy travel. Since on my board enemy contact is higher from the
left side, the trail TL would be on left flank security.
If the trail team has five personnel or more, the trail TL can find cover and concealment on the near side
of the LDA at the crossing point to assist in the movement of the squad across the LDA.
19. Most casualty producing weapons point out
The left and right flank security elements only consist of two personnel. The Ranger with the most
casualty producing weapon pulls security facing away from the crossing point. Also, the team’s most casualty
producing weapon, normally the M249 SAW, is on flank security on the side that the SL determines as the most
probable direction of enemy travel. Again, using the example on my board, the SL has determined the enemy’s
most likely avenue of approach is from the left side of the crossing point. Therefore, the M249 SAW would be
placed on the left flank security position facing away from the crossing point.
After the M249 SAW, a team’s next most casualty producing weapon is the M203. This weapon should be
on the opposite flank security as the M249. In the example on my board, the M203 would be placed on the right
flank security position, facing away from the crossing point.
20. Emplace security in SHP
The personnel at the left and right flank security positions are in the Short Halt Posture. The Ranger with
the most casualty producing weapon faces away from the crossing point and the other Ranger at the security
position faces back towards the crossing point. During periods of LV the Ranger facing the crossing point takes
his compass out, opens it up and places it at chest level with the face of the compass exposed to the crossing
point so that the personnel at the crossing point can see the green glow of the compass.
Both Rangers in the security positions have their feet touching so they can use the tap code as a non-verbal
means to alert one another of the enemy’s approach.
Rangers, the following are the signals for the tap code. A Ranger gives one tap to his buddy if everything is
okay. If everything is okay with the other Ranger, he responds with one tap. A Ranger gives two taps if he sees or
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hears something. Three taps means that a Ranger sees or hears the enemy and the element needs to take action.
In this case, the flank security element needs to get into the prone position IMMEDIATELY.
21. SQUAD CROSSES THE LDA
Once the SL approves the position of the flank security elements, he gives the lead TL the hand and
arm signal (GV) or command (LV) to move.
After receiving the signal to move, the lead TL moves his team forward to the last covered and concealed
position before the LDA. There, the lead TL halts and looks to his left and right to ensure that he can see the men
on the left and right flank security in the short halt posture. During LV he can see the green glow from the
compasses that the men facing the crossing point have at chest level. If the lead TL cannot see the left and right
flank security personnel, or he sees that they are in the prone, he does not cross the LDA.
Again, if a security element sees or hears possible enemy traffic on the LDA they get into the prone
position to signal the personnel at the crossing point that it is not safe to cross.
Once the lead TL sees that the flank security personnel are in the short halt posture, signifying that it is safe
to cross, he moves his team across the LDA. For this movement, the team moves quickly without running and
maintains a wedge formation to clear the far side.
22. Lead team clears far side
The lead team clears the far side of the LDA in accordance with the SL’s task, conditions and standards.
Again, the cleared area should be at least large enough for the entire squad to occupy, which is generally about 50
meters by 50 meters. If the far side is clear, the lead TL informs the SL that the far side is clear using radio or the
prearranged signal.
If the far side is not clear, the lead TL moves his entire team back across the LDA and informs the SL of the
situation.
23. HQ follows, trail team breaks down security and follows
Meanwhile, the SL moves the HQ element up to the crossing point and awaits the “all clear” signal from the
lead team. Once the SL gets the signal that the far side is clear, he moves the HQ element across the LDA. Again, the
element moves in a team wedge formation and links up with the lead team.
The trail TL monitors the flow of the Squad across the LDA. Once the SL has the HQ element on the far side,
he gives the trail TL the signal to cross. The SL can send the signal via FM, hand and arm signal, or any prearranged
signal the SL deems necessary. Nine times out of ten, the trail TL can visually recognize when the HQ element is on
the far side.
When the trail TL receives the signal to move across, he has to recover his flank security teams. He can
do this by several means. During GV, he can simply use H&A signals to move his men across. During LV or when
moving through restrictive terrain, the trail TL may have to collapse his flank security teams back in to the crossing
point in order to maintain control.
Either way, the trail TL needs to ensure that his security teams maintain security as they cross the LDA.
During periods of GV, when the security teams get the signal to cross, each security team crosses as a buddy
team and moves straight across the LDA. The man facing away from the crossing point stays in position and pulls
security as the other man crosses the LDA. Once the first man reaches the far side, he takes up a security position
and pulls security facing away from the crossing point. After this Ranger on the far side is in a security position, his
buddy crosses the LDA. Once all members of the security teams are across the LDA, the trail team returns to the
fire team wedge formation.
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During periods of LV, the security teams collapse into the crossing point from their flank positions. The
security team members still pull security and cross by buddy team in the same manner as described.
Once the trail TL has accountability of his team on the far side he lets the SL know his team is across the
LDA.
After the entire squad crosses the LDA, they get back into their FOOM and continue mission.
24. ACTIONS ON ENEMY CONTACT
As always, when contact is made with the enemy, the key to success is to maintain control of your element.
Contact can be made anywhere around a LDA.
If contact is made while crossing a LDA and the SL is in control of his Squad, he determines to either
conduct a Squad Attack or Break Contact battle drill.
If the squad is in contact and the SL loses control of his squad, then the SL, if possible, calls out which RP
best facilitates the squad's survival and mission completion. An example situation where the SL may lose control is
contact with an overwhelming enemy force. Once the SL calls out the RP, every squad member echoes the
command. The squad members then break contact by buddy teams and E&E to the designated RP. Once at the RP,
the elements conduct rally point procedures. While Rangers break contact and move towards the RP, they must
ensure that they use all available cover and concealment and get away from the LDA as quickly as possible.
The worst case scenario is if the squad makes contact while crossing the LDA by an overwhelming force
and the LDA cuts the squad in two. The example you see on my board shows that the lead team is on the far side of
the LDA and the HQ element and the trail team are on the near side. A couple of T-72s come down the road and
begin engaging the squad.
Of course, all elements break contact away from the LDA and move to the rally point on their side of the
road. The lead team moves to the FSRP. The HQ element and trail team move to the NSRP. Both elements conduct
rally point procedures at their respective rally points and attempt to establish communications with each other.
If communications can be established, the SL gives instructions to the personnel at the other rally point
and the squad conducts a link up wherever the SL designates.
If the personnel at the FSRP and the NSRP are unable to establish communications with each other, then
as a general rule of thumb, the RP that the SL is at becomes the squad’s active RP. Therefore, the element that is not
at the squad’s active RP must find another location to cross the LDA and link up with the remainder of the squad at
the squad’s active RP. It is easier for the smaller element to E&E across the LDA without being compromised.
CONCLUSION
Rangers, during the last period of instruction we have discussed how to cross a LDA and actions to take on
enemy contact while crossing a LDA. What are your questions at this time?
If there are no questions/no more questions take a 10-minute break.
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Reference: SH 21-76; pg 7-18
MAY 2012
LINK- UP ANNEX
“A link-up is the meeting of friendly ground forces.”
N
LEDO ACCESS ROAD
GL_____________
TF_____________
LINK-UP POINT
KEY TERMS
-Moving Element
-Stationary Element
-Link-Up (LP)
-Link-Up Rally Point (LURP)
-Link-Up Site (LUS)
Recon, Identify, Overwatch
GL ___________
TF ___________
_____ AR
_____ ATL
GV 200-400
LV 100-200
Recon/Contact Team
FOOM
ATL
RTO
Fire Team Wedge
Security Halt
AR
SL
Independent Sector /
Principle Direction of Fire
Leader
Interlocking sectors of fire,
35 meters out (HG range)
ALPHA TL
Type of Radio
AG MG
AR
SL
PRC-148
ATL
PRC-148
BTL
PRC-148
GR
RTO
R/CM
RTO
GL___________
R/CM
SL
AR
PRC-119
GR
BRAVO TL
TF___________
Conducting the Link-Up
1. Start/Stop, OPSKED
2. Security Halt
3. SLLS / Pinpoint
4. Strong Point 10, 2, 4, 8, emplace M240B MG
5. Long Halt / Disseminate
6. Recon Team MWE
7. Establish Commo
Request Permission
Confirm LP location
Confirm Markings
8.
5 Point / BTL and ATL (GOTWA)
9.
Conduct Recon of LP
10. Brief Route, Markings and Signals
11. SLLS
12. ID Link-Up Point (visual contact)
13. Establish Link-Up
14. Squad Leader and Link-Up Element exchange the
following:
SL identifies himself
SL confirms stationary element identity
How long the stationary element will stay
Number of personnel SL will return with
Time it will take to return with squad
Direction you will return from
15. Moving Squad to Link-Up Point
16. OPSKED
17. Actions on Contact/Compromise Plan
While SQD is together.
If elements are separated from squad
While SQD is moving to LP
While SQD is with LP element.
Squad Link Up
SEPTEMBER 2012
Introduction
Good morning/afternoon Rangers, I am (Rank) (Name) and I will be your Primary Instructor for your next
period of instruction, which is on link-up. Rangers, you can reference the link-up in your Ranger Handbooks on
page 7-18.
Rangers, a link-up is a meeting of friendly ground forces. The link-up operation requires control, detailed
planning, execution, and stealth. Link-up procedures start as the unit moves to the link-up point. The standard for a
link-up is that all friendly ground forces involved in the link-up successfully complete the link-up operation while
sustaining no friendly casualties due to fratricide.
Before we begin, let me familiarize you to my board. The north-seeking arrow is at the top right hand
corner of my board. At the bottom center, I have the Security Halt, which has an associated grid location and
terrain feature. On the left hand side of the board, I have the key terms, recon/contact team FOOM, and FM
distribution. The link-up point is depicted in the top center of my board at a given grid location and terrain feature.
Notice that Ledo Access Road is a named high-speed avenue of approach located in the vicinity of the link-up point.
Finally, on the right hand side of my board you see administrative notes that will help you follow this period of
instruction. As you can see, my board is color-coded and personalized.
Key Terms
During this period of instruction, I will use the terms moving element and stationary element. The
moving element is the element that moves to the link-up point. The stationary element is the element that waits
at the link-up point. The stationary element establishes the link-up point, marks it, and has a security team observe
it from a covered and concealed position. In addition to knowing the terms moving element and stationary
element, you must also know the definitions of a link-up point, a link-up rally point, and a link-up site.
1. The link-up point (LP) is the actual point on the ground that the link-up elements try to find. Link-up
points should be easily identifiable features on the ground. Examples of possible link-up points include
roads, trails, intersections, piles of logs or trees, or a lone tree in the middle of an open area. The link-up
elements use this identifiable feature as a navigational aid to reach a point on the ground where they can
establish a face-to-face link-up. Link-up points greatly expedite the link-up operation.
2. The link-up rally point (LURP) is the point that all link-up elements occupy after they link-up. This rally
point needs to have the same characteristics as an ORP and have the size to accommodate a security
perimeter for the combined link-up elements. For example, if three (3) squads conduct a link-up, the linkup rally point must be large enough for all three squads to occupy it at the same time.
3. The link-up site (LUS) is the entire area surrounding the link-up point. This area includes all of the
moving element’s security halts, the link-up point, and the link-up rally point. The link-up site can extend to
a 1 KM radius outside the actual link-up point. The stationary element controls the movement of all friendly
elements operating in the link-up site. Think of the stationary element as an air traffic controller or
pathfinder controlling the approach of several aircraft into one Helicopter Landing Zone (HLZ).
Rangers, as I stated before, the stationary element establishes the link-up point. The stationary element
begins this process by conducting a security halt prior to reaching the LURP. The distance from the security halt
to the LURP is 200-400 meters in GV and 100-200 meters in LV. The stationary element then conducts a recon,
clears, and occupies the LURP. The distance from the LURP to the actual link-up point is 200-400 meters during
GV or 100-200 meters in LV. The stationary element ensures the LURP is large enough for the entire moving
element to occupy. Once the stationary element occupies the LURP, they send a security/contact team forward.
This team performs actions following the acronym RIO.
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Squad Link Up
1. Recon the link-up site for enemy activity.
2. Identify the actual link-up point and mark it, if necessary.
3. Overwatch the actual link-up point from a covered and concealed position.
The security/contact team must carry a radio in order to maintain communication with the moving
elements. Maintaining communication assists in conducting the link-up operation and reduces the chance of
fratricide. Rangers, while here at Camp Darby your squads are the moving elements. The RI Cadre acts as the
stationary element. All your link-up boards will be similar to this one, which depicts the actions of a moving
element.
1. Start/Stop
The link-up begins at the security halt prior to the link-up point and ends with the call to higher with the
OPSKED for link-up/truck link-up.
2. Security Halt/SHP
The distance between the security halt and the actual link-up point is 200-400 meters in GV or 100-200
meters in LV.
3. SLLS/Pinpoint
After halting, the squad conducts SLLS and pinpoints their location.
4. Strongpoint 10,2,4,8, 240 MG / Long halt
If the SL determines that the squad is in the correct location for the security halt, he has his TLs strong
point their men and put them in the long halt posture. The SL emplaces the MG while the TLs emplace their men.
As the TLs position their men in the long halt posture, they assign the men sectors of fire. During this time, the TLs
also disseminate the following information, at a minimum:
1. The reason for the squad’s halt
2. The squad’s current location, using the map in GV or a 6 digit grid in LV
3. The distance and direction for the squad’s next movement
The SL then prepares the men going on the recon of the link-up point. The SL, lead TL, lead team
automatic rifleman, and RTO go on this recon. The SL gives task, conditions, and standards to the lead TL to do a
quick prep of men, weapons, and equipment. This includes inspecting camouflage, ensuring weapons are locked
and loaded with a fresh drum or magazine, and inspecting NODS if there is LV. All personnel on the recon take
their rucksacks in case any element must break contact and E&E the enemy. Once the lead TL preps the men, the
SL spot checks them. The lead TL inspects the SL.
5. Establish Commo
As the personnel going on the recon prepare themselves, the SL has his RTO switch to the link-up
frequency and establish commo with the stationary element. By this time, the stationary element has reconned
and marked the link-up point, and is performing over watch of that area. The SL has the RTO confirm the
following information, using the acronym RCC:
1. Request permission from the stationary element to move to the planned link-up point. This ensures that
multiple squads do not probe for the link-up point at the same time. This reduces the chance of fratricide.
2. Confirm the link-up point location. The terrain/tactical situation may have changed the plan.
3. Confirm the markings/signals. Examples of marking are an orange VS-17 in GV, or a green chem light
during periods of LV. An example near recognition signal in LV is a number combination with IR flashes.
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Squad Link Up
If the number combination is 5, the moving element gives 2 flashes, and the stationary responds with 3.
This totals 5 IR flashes.
Prior to ending your transmission, you must let the stationary element know which direction you are
approaching the link-up point from. Rangers, keep in mind that this communication should confirm the link-up
point location, markings, and signals given in Higher’s order (PLT OPORD) and/or received during coordinations.
6. 5 point/ BTL, ATL
At this time, the SL issues two 5-point contingency plans. The SL gives one to the trail TL to cover the
period of the recon of the link-up point. The SL gives the second 5-point to the lead TL and lead team automatic
rifleman for the period when the SL leaves them at the link-up point and returns to the security halt to move the
remainder of the squad.
The SL issues the 5-point plan using the acronym GOTWA. Going (where I am going), Others (others I am
taking with me), Time (time I will be gone), What (what to do if I don’t return), Action (actions to be taken upon
enemy contact both you and me).





Rangers, the 5-point to the trail TL should sound similar to this:
Going: I am going to recon the link-up point
Others: I am taking Ranger (lead TL), Ranger (lead team automatic rifleman) and Ranger (RTO).
Time: I will be gone 1 hour. It is currently 2200 hrs. I will be back by 2300.
What: If I am not back in 1 hour which is 2300, first try to contact me by FM. If you can’t reach me, attempt
to conduct the link-up with the stationary element at the link-up point.
Actions: If I make contact, we will break contact and attempt to linkup with you here at the security halt. If
we cannot or are tracked, I will link-up with you at the last En route Rally Point (ERP). You should be able
to hear the contact. I want you to remain in place and be prepared to assist us in breaking contact. If you
make contact, defend in place until you feel as if you are about to be overrun. If this is the case, break
contact to the last ERP and conduct rally point procedures (Establish security, establish a chain of
command, attempt to contact me via FM, if you cannot contact me attempt to make contact with the
stationary element at the link-up point and inform them of the situation, wait 45 minutes or until the
remainder of the patrol has linked up then continue mission). I will be able to hear the contact and work
my way back to you and assist you in executing the battle drill in place.
The trail TL back briefs the SL. The SL also issues additional instructions to the trail TL to disseminate the
5-point, readjust the perimeter as needed, monitor the radio, and ensure the element maintains security.
The SL then issues a 5-point contingency plan to the lead TL and the lead team automatic rifleman. Their 5point sounds something like this:





Going: I am going back to the security halt to pick up the rest of the personnel from the squad.
Others: I am taking Ranger (RTO).
Time: I will be gone 1 hour. It is currently 2230. I will be back by 2330.
What: If I am not back in 1 hour which is 2330, try to contact me by FM. If you can’t contact me, then take
further guidance from the friendly element at the Link-up point.
Actions: Regardless of who makes contact, both teams will break contact and not become decisively
engaged. You two Rangers will take further guidance from the guide at the link-up point. The rest of the
squad and I will attempt to reach the link-up point. If we cannot, we will establish a different link-up point
via FM.
Squad Link Up
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Squad Link Up
The SL then receives a back brief from the lead TL. The SL also issues additional instructions to the lead
TL that if he and his automatic rifleman are the only two surviving members of the squad, they must get the PIR to
higher.
7. Conduct Recon of Link-up point
After the SL issues the 5-points and spot checks the men going on the recon, he briefs the recon/contact
team on:
1. The Route to the link-up point with specific details of terrain around the link-up point.
2. The markings that identify the link-up point.
3. The near recognition signals. The element has to prepare for any near recognition signal.
After the SL briefs his men and the squad has permission to move up to the link-up point, the recon/contact
team moves to the 12 o'clock to be counted out. Before departing, the SL will ensure that the lead TL and lead team
automatic rifleman have a copy of the PIR on their person. Once he confirms both men are carrying a copy of the
PIR, he then tells the RTO to call the stationary element and tell them that they are moving towards the link-up
point. This is the far recognition signal. When the trail TL is ready to count out the recon/contact team, the SL
signals the lead TL to move out.
In hours of GV, the recon/contact team uses the diamond formation. In hours of LV, the recon/contact team
moves in the modified wedge. At this time, the trail TL’s 5-point contingency plan is in effect. Halfway to the link-up
point the recon/contact team stops and conduct SLLS. This is 100 meters during LV and 200 meters during GV.
8. SLLS
During periods of GV, the recon/contact team disperses and uses hand and arm signals to initiate and
terminate SLLS. During hours of LV, the recon/contact team is "back to back" and they utilize the "Squeeze"
technique. When SLLS is complete, they use the same "Squeeze" technique to terminate SLLS. SLLS lasts for 3-5
minutes or for as long as the SL deems necessary.
9. Link-up Point Identification
The recon/contact team continues to move forward halting approximately every 50-100 meters to conduct
SLLS until they make visual contact with the link-up point.
Once the recon/contact team makes visual contact with the link-up point, they halt in a covered and
concealed location that provides observation on the link-up point. Once in position, the lead TL and SL verify their
location on the map to ensure that they are at the correct location. Once they have verified they are at their link-up
point, the SL has the RTO call the stationary element to alert them that they have a visual on the link-up point. The
recon/contact team also tells the stationary element their distance and direction from the link-up point, such as 50
meters to the south. The recon/contact team exchanges near recognition signals with the stationary element. When
the stationary element receives the cue from the recon/contact team, they respond with the near recognition
signal.
10. Establish Link-up
The recon/contact team initiates the near recognition signal and the stationary element responds. Rangers,
the reason that the recon/contact team initiates the near recognition signal is that the stationary element should
not signal everything that moves around the link-up point. If they did, it would only be a matter of time before the
stationary element, which is in a static position, gives their location away to enemy personnel.
After the near recognition signal has been exchanged, the SL has the lead TL and lead automatic rifleman
assume the long halt posture and provide over watch for the SL and RTO as they move forward to get face-to-face
Squad Link Up
Page 4
Squad Link Up
with the security team from the stationary element. The SL and RTO then move forward to get a face-to-face with
the personnel at the link-up point, ensuring that they don’t mask the fires of their overwatch position.
As the SL and RTO move forward to get a face-to-face with the security team, they need to plan on being
halted and exchanging the challenge and password or the number combination. Be prepared to answer with both.
Once the SL links up with the security team, he coordinates the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The SL identifies himself
The SL confirms the identity of the stationary element
The SL asks him how long the stationary element plans on being at its current location.
The SL tells him the number of personnel that he returns with.
The SL tells him how long it takes to bring the remainder of the squad up from the SH.
The SL tells him from what general direction the squad is coming from.
The SL then calls up the remainder of the recon/contact team on over watch and links up with the security
team at the link-up point. The SL asks the personnel from the security team to take charge of the lead TL and lead
automatic rifleman and get them back to a secure area in the event that enemy contact is made. The SL then tells
the lead TL that his five point contingency plan is in effect.
11. Moving Squad to Link-up Point
The SL and RTO move back to the security halt. Before leaving the link-up point, the SL calls back to the
trail TL via FM and tells him to get the rest of the squad into the short halt posture and prepare them to move in
the proper order of movement. This is the far recognition signal.
Once the trail TL gets the far recognition signal, he immediately moves to the side of the perimeter that the
recon/contact team departed from and begins alerting the entire perimeter that the SL and RTO are on their way
back. In addition, he places the men into the short halt posture and prepares them to move. The TL ensures the
element maintains 50% security. Once the perimeter is alerted, the trail TL remains on the side the SL /RTO
departed from and prepares to exchange the near recognition signal and count them in.
The SL and RTO move to the center of the perimeter and conducts SLLS. Once SLLS is complete, the SL
disseminates any necessary information to the trail TL and the lead rifleman, who is now in charge of the
remainder of the lead team. This includes the route back to the link-up point, site markings, etc. The SL allows the
lead rifleman and trail TL time to disseminate the information to their men.
The OOM to the link-up point is the remainder of the lead team, followed by HQ, followed by the trail
team. When the squad is prepared to move to the link-up point, the SL calls the lead TL and tells him that they are
moving forward. This is the far recognition signal. The SL tells the RTO to call the security element and tell them
the squad is moving forward. This is also a far recognition signal.
During periods of LV, the trail TL establishes a chokepoint at the front of the movement formation and conducts
a physical headcount as the squad moves out.
When the lead rifleman has visual contact with either the link-up point or the lead TL the lead rifleman
halts the patrol. The SL moves to the front of the formation and exchanges the near recognition signals.
Once the entire squad links up with the stationary element, they are guided to a location to establish a
security perimeter at the link-up rally point (LURP) or load onto trucks. In either case, the squad continues to
establish and maintain 360-degree security until they return to higher’s security perimeter. Here at the Benning
Phase of Ranger school, that perimeter is Camp Darby.
12. OPSKED
Squad Link Up
Page 5
Squad Link Up
The SL has the RTO call in the OPSKED for link-up complete or at truck link-up site, whichever is
applicable.
13. ACTIONS ON CONTACT/COMPROMISE PLAN
These are the proper actions on enemy contact.
1. If the squad is together as a whole, the SL reacts to contact and conducts squad attack or break contact.
2. If any element is separated from the squad, they react to contact in accordance with the given 5-point
contingency plan. This might occur when the element recons the link-up point.
3. If the squad is moving toward the link-up point, the SL issues verbal instructions and the squad
performs the appropriate battle drill. The SL then calls the stationary element for guidance about
conducting the link-up or establishing an alternate link-up site.
4. If the entire squad is linked-up with the stationary element, the SL takes all directions from the
stationary element in the event of contact.
14. Conclusion
Rangers, during this last period of instruction we have covered the link-up. Rangers do you have any
questions in reference to a squad level link-up with friendly forces?
If you do not have any/ any more questions, take a 10-minute break.
Squad Link Up
Page 6
Reference: SH 21-76; pg 7-5
MAY 2012
AREA RECONNAISSANCE
“Units on reconnaissance operations collect specific information (PIR or IR) based on the instructions from their higher commander.”
AREA RECONNAISSANCE CLOVERLEAF METHOD
Conducting the mission
1. Start / Stop
2. Security Halt
3. SLLS / Pinpoint
4. Long Halt / Spot Check
5. 5-Point to BTL and ATL
6. Conduct Recon of ORP
7. Characteristics of an ORP
Easily defendable
Away from natural lines of drift
Away from high speed avenues of
approach
Provides no value to the enemy
Provides the best cover and
concealment from ground and air.
8. SLLS
9. Clear, Secure, 5-Point
10. Occupy / Strong Point
11. SLLS / Pinpoint
12. Long Halt / Machine Gun
13. Spot check / OPSKED
14. Prepare MWE / Recon
15. Confirm Route
16. Inspect Recon Team
17. Depart 5-Point to BTL, ATL and S/O
18. Identify Release Point / SLLS
19. Pinpoint Objective
20. Confirm, Change or Abort
21. Emplace S/O, issue 5-Point / Tap Code
22. Actions On the Objective / Conduct Recon
23. Confirm PIR at Release Point
24. Withdrawal and Extract S/O
25. Report: SALUTE / Disseminate
26. Spot Check / Call OPSKED
27. Compromise Plan
Clearing the ORP
Limit of Advance
GL ___________
TF ___________
ATL_____________
GR_____________
Visibility
Good 200-400 m
Limited 100-200 m
SL_____________
RM_____________
ZIG-ZAG
Considerations
Sound
Sight1
Objective
GL____________
TF____________
ATL_____________
AR_____________
SL_____________
RM_____________
ATL_____________
GR_____________
Leader’s Recon of Objective Rally Point
ATL_____________
S/O Position
AR_____________
AR_____________
RM/CM_____________
SL_____________
GR_____________
Security Halt
Leader’s Recon of Objective
MG
ATL______________
GR______________
SL______________
ATL
SL___________
RTO __________
AR______________
BTL
GR______________
RM______________
GL___________
TF___________
Reference: SH 21-76; pg 7-5
AREA RECONNAISSANCE
MAY 2012
“Units on reconnaissance operations collect specific information (PIR or IR) based on the
instructions from their higher commander.”
TACTICAL MISSION TASKS OF A RECONNAISSANCE
1. Report
2. Locate
3. Detect
4. Identify
5. Confirm
6. Deny
7. Pinpoint
PURPOSE
1. The purpose generally supports the commander’s purpose and is the
same as other Army operations.
PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
M
What is our mission? Where are we going?
E
How would the enemy defend? Think like the enemy!
T
T
Analyze terrain to the OBJ as well as around OBJ.
T
Make a timeline. How long to move? How long to recon?
C
Task Organization
Civil Considerations. ROE
REPORTING CRITERIA
FUNDAMENTALS
1. Obtain Required Information
2. Avoid Detection by the Enemy
Minimize movement in the objective area
Move no closer to the enemy than necessary
If possible, use long range surveillance or night vision devices
Use camouflage, stealth, noise and light discipline
Minimize radio traffic
3. Employ Security Measures
4. Task Organize
S – Size:
A – Activity:
TASKS OF A RECONNAISSANCE
1. Area Reconnaissance – Patrol collects all available information on PIR
and other intelligence no specified in the order for the area. The patrol
completes the recon and reports all information by the time specified in
the order. The patrol is not compromised.
AREA RECONNAISSANCE CLOVERLEAF METHOD
2.
Zone Reconnaissance – Patrol determines all PIR and other intelligence
not specified in the order for its assigned zone. The patrol reconnoiters
without detection by the enemy. The patrol completes the recon and
reports all information by the time specified in the order.
TASK ORGANIZATION
−R/S 1 – SL and ATM RM
PRC-148, note / sketch materials, map
−R/S 2 – ATL and GR
PRC-148, note / sketch materials, map
−S/O – ATM AR and BTM GR
PRC-148, note / sketch materials, map
*PRC-119 with RTO at ORP
Size of element observed
The activities conducted by the observed personnel or
vehicle/equipment
L – Location:
The exact location of the observed personnel/activity
(and the direction of travel)
U – Unit:
Due to the difficulty in ascertaining the unit designation of
those observed, the identifying marking on personnel and
equipment suffice.
T – Time and Date: The time and date of initial observation, and the duration of activity.
E – Equipment:
Detailed information in reference to uniforms, individual equipment,
weapons, vehicles and so on. This information is important in the
determination of enemy unit identification, as well as intent.
Squad Reconnaissance
SEPTMEMBER 2012
Introduction
Good morning Rangers, I’m (Rank) (Name) and I will be your primary instructor for the next period of
instruction, which is on “Squad Recon”.
Note: Point to each section of the board as you discuss it.
(1st Board)
(Left Side)
Units on reconnaissance operations collect specific information (PIR or IR) based on the instructions from
their higher commander.
Tasks of a Reconnaissance:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Report
Locate
Detect
Identify
Confirm
Deny
Pinpoint
Purpose: The purpose generally supports the commander’s purpose and is the same as other Army operations.
Fundamentals:
1. Obtain required information
2. Avoid detection by the enemy
a. Minimize movement in the OBJ area
b. Move no closer to the enemy than necessary
c. If possible, use long range surveillance or night vision devices
d. Use camouflage, stealth, noise and light discipline
e. Minimize radio traffic
3. Employ security measures
4. Task Organize
Tasks of a Reconnaissance:
1. Area Reconnaissance: Patrol collects all available information on PIR and other intelligence not specified
in the order for the area. The patrol completes the recon and reports all information by the time specified
in the order. The patrol is not compromised.
2. Zone Reconnaissance: Patrol determines all PIR and other intelligence not specified in the order for its
assigned zone. The patrol reconnoiters without detection by the enemy. The patrol completes the recon
and reports all information by the time specified in the order.
Squad Reconnaissance
Page 1
Squad Reconnaissance
Basic Task Organization
1.
2.
3.
4.
R&S 1 – SL and lead team rifleman, PRC-148, note/ sketch materials, map
R&S 2 – Lead TL and lead team grenadier, PRC-148, note/ sketch materials, map
S/O – Lead team automatic rifleman and trail team grenadier, PRC-148, note/ sketch materials, map
ORP Security – Consists of Trail TL, RTO, MG team, and the remainder of squad members. Note/sketch
materials for sector sketch/range card, status card.
*PRC-119 with RTO at ORP
Planning Considerations
Rangers, when planning for your recon, you will utilize the acronym METT-TC, which stands for Mission,
Enemy, Troops, Terrain, Time and Civil considerations. However, at this time I will not get into detail because you
will receive an in depth class on how to appropriately plan for a recon using this method.
Reporting Criteria
Rangers, you will use the SALUTE format when reporting for your recon. SALUTE stands for:
1.
2.
3.
4.
S – Size: Size of element observed
A – Activity: The activities conducted by the observed personnel or vehicle / equipment
L – Location: The exact location of the observed personnel / activity (and the direction of travel)
U – Unit: Due to the difficulty in ascertaining the unit designation of those observed, the identifying
marking on personnel and equipment suffice.
5. T – Time and Date: The time and date of initial observation and the duration of activity.
6. E – Equipment: Detailed information in reference to uniforms, individual equipment, weapons, and
vehicles and so on. This information is important in the determination of enemy unit identification, as well
as intent.
Area Reconnaissance Cloverleaf Method
The lower right portion of the board shows OBJ Larsen and the cloverleaf method that Rangers utilize while
conducting a recon of the OBJ. I will give more information about the cloverleaf method later in this period of
instruction.
(FLIP BOARD)
1. Start / Stop
Rangers, the actions on the OBJ for the squad recon begins at the security halt (SH) prior to the ORP. The
actions end with the dissemination of information and the call to higher with the updated Operational Schedule
(OPSKED).
2. Security Halt
Until I say otherwise, all of the following actions take place in periods of good visibility.
When the squad is approximately 200-400 meters away from the ORP, the SL gives the hand and arm signal
for halt to the lead TL. Demonstrate the hand and arm signal. Notice that the designated security halt has a grid
location (GL) and a terrain feature (TF). When the lead TL receives the signal, he moves to the nearest covered and
Squad Reconnaissance
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Squad Reconnaissance
concealed position and assumes the Short Halt posture. Then, the TL issues the hand and arm signal for halt to the
team and ensures that his team follows his lead. The SHP is nothing more than taking a knee behind cover and
concealment, keeping your rucksack on your back, weapon at the ready, pulling security in your hasty sector of fire.
The SL continues moving until the HQ element closes the distance with the lead team and the trail team can
achieve interlocking sectors of fire with the lead team. Then, the SL issues the hand and arm signal for halt,
assumes the Short Halt posture, and ensures that the HQ element does the same.
The trail TL continues moving until his team closes the distance with the HQ element and then ensures his
team can interlock sectors of fire with the lead team. At this point, the trail TL issues the hand and arm signal for
halt, assumes the Short Halt posture, and ensures that his team does the same. The trail team leader also confirms
that his grenadier maintains rear security from the 4 o’clock to the 8 o’clock locations.
3. SLLS / Pinpoint
Once the entire squad has halted, the squad conducts SLLS. The SL initiates SLLS by cupping his non-firing
hand behind the corresponding ear. Demonstrate.
SLLS stands for Stop, Look, Listen, and Smell.
STOP: Rangers stop all movement
LOOK: Rangers look for signs of the enemy, such as trash, old fighting positions, or the enemy themselves.
LISTEN: Rangers listen for signs of the enemy, such as engines running, the enemy talking, or the enemy moving.
SMELL: Rangers smell for signs of the enemy, like food, smoke from fires, or POL products (fuels).
The squad conducts SLLS for 3-5 minutes or for as long as the SL deems necessary. When SLLS is complete,
the SL terminates SLLS by making a slashing motion by his ear. Demonstrate.
After terminating SLLS, the SL then pinpoints the squad’s location. The lead TL moves to the SL’s position in
the center of the security halt. The SL and lead TL pull out their maps, pinpoint their current location, and
determine the distance and direction for the next movement to the ORP. At the same time, the trail TL monitors the
men and ensures the squad maintains security by rotating around the perimeter of the security halt. After the SL
confirms the squad’s current location and next movement with the lead TL, the TLs exchange positions and the SL
confirms this information with the trail TL.
4. Long halt / Spot check
Once the SL and TLs determine the squad’s location and have a route to the tentative ORP, the SL issues
tasks, conditions, and standards to the TLs for placing their men in the Long Halt Posture. The SL tells the TLs to
strong point at the 10, 2, 4, and 8 o'clock positions or wherever he deems most appropriate. The lead TL starts at
the 9 o’clock position and moves in a clockwise manner to the 3 o’clock position to place his men in the long halt
posture. He will move his men to the designated positions and either assumes the short halt posture and pulls
security for each man while they assume the long halt posture, or he will have one of the Rangers in the position
pull security for each other while they transition to the long halt posture.
Rangers, understand that the SL can designate any clock position for the TL’s to strong point their men.
The SL makes the decision on where to strong point based on factors such as terrain, available cover and
concealment, avenues of approach, etc. For the purposes of this block of instruction only, we will use the 10, 2, 4,
and 8 o’clock positions as the locations where the SL has deemed it most appropriate for his men to be strong
pointed.
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Squad Reconnaissance
A Ranger transitions to the long halt posture by rotating the rucksack off his back, placing it frame down
with the cat eyes facing the center of the security halt, getting in the prone position behind proper cover and
concealment, and pulling security in his assigned sector of fire.
The trail TL starts at the 3 o’clock position and moves in a clockwise manner to the 9 o’clock position to
place his men in the long halt posture; at the locations the SL designated. The trail TL has same options to place his
men in the long halt posture as the lead TL.
During the transition to the long halt posture, the TLs assign their men a sector of fire using natural terrain
features such as “That tree to that rock”. TLs ensure that each man’s sector of fire interlocks with the man to his left
and right approximately 35 meters out. Additionally, TLs show their men the squad’s current location on the map
and the distance and direction for the next movement, which in this case is the movement to the ORP.
After the TLs emplace their men in the long halt posture, they return to the SL’s position in the center of the
perimeter. At that time, the SL spot checks the perimeter to ensure that his tasks, conditions, and standards have
been met. If they are not met, the SL reissues the tasks, conditions, and standards and spot checks until they are
met.
While TLs emplace their personnel in the long halt posture, the SL emplaces the M240 gun team based on
METT-T/C analysis.
5. 5 Point / BTL, ATL
Once the SL’s tasks, conditions, and standards are met, he tells the trail TL to move around the perimeter
and ensure that the squad maintains security. The lead TL preps the men going on the leader's recon of the
tentative ORP. The personnel going on the recon are the lead TL, the lead team rifleman, the lead team automatic
rifleman, and the SL. All personnel on the recon bring their rucksacks with them. Once prepped, all personnel on
the leader’s recon meet with the SL so he can spot check rucksacks, re-camouflage, check commo and ensure that
weapons are locked and loaded with a full magazine.
After meeting with these personnel, the SL issues two 5-point contingency plans. The SL gives the first 5point contingency plan to the trail TL to cover the SL’s absence during the leader's recon of the ORP. When this is
complete, the SL gives the second 5-point contingency plan to the lead TL and the lead team automatic rifleman.
This plan covers the period when the SL leaves the ORP security team at the tentative ORP, moves back to the
security halt, and returns with the rest of the squad to the tentative ORP.
The SL uses the acronym GOTWA to give the 5-point contingency plans. GOTWA stands for:
Going – Where the SL is going.
Others – Others the SL takes with him.
Time – Time the SL will be gone.
What – What to do if the SL doesn’t return.
Action – Actions to be taken upon enemy contact for both the SL and the Ranger receiving the plan.
The SL will give this GOTWA to the trail team leader:
Going: I am going to recon for the tentative ORP.
Others: I am taking Ranger (lead TL), Ranger (lead team rifleman) and Ranger (lead team automatic rifleman).
This is a total of 4 personnel.
Time: I will be gone 1 hour.
What: If I am not back in 1 hour, I want you to first try to contact me by FM. If you can’t contact me, then call
higher, inform them of the situation and ask for further guidance.
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Squad Reconnaissance
Actions: If I make contact, we will break contact and attempt to linkup with you here at the security halt. If we
cannot do this, I will link up with you at the last En route Rally Point (ERP). You should be able to hear the contact. I
want you to remain in place and be prepared to assist us in breaking contact. If you make contact, defend in place
until you feel as if you are about to be overrun. If this is the case, break contact, move to the last ERP, and conduct
rally point procedures (Establish security, establish a chain of command, call higher and inform them of the
situation, wait 45 minutes or until the remainder of the patrol has linked up then continue mission). I will be able
to hear the contact and work my way back to you and assist you in executing the battle drill.
The SL also issues the additional/special instructions to the trail team leader to disseminate the 5 point,
readjust the perimeter as necessary, ensure the RTO monitors the radio, and ensure the element maintains
security. The trail TL then back briefs the SL. The SL answers any questions the trail TL might have at that time.
The 5-point begins when the leader’s recon leaves the security halt.
The SL then issues a GOTWA to the lead TL and the lead team automatic rifleman for when he leaves them at the 6
o’clock of the tentative ORP. This GOTWA will sound like this:
Going: I am going back to the security halt to pick up the rest of the personnel from the squad.
Others: I am taking Ranger (lead team rifleman).
Time: I will be gone no more than 1 hour.
What: If I am not back in 1 hour, I want you to try to contact me by FM. If you can’t contact me, then make your
way back to the security halt where we will link up.
Actions: Regardless of who makes contact, both teams will break contact and fight their way back to the security
halt. If either team is unable to make it to the security halt, we will link up at the last ERP.
The lead TL and lead team automatic rifleman then back brief the SL. The SL answers any questions they
have at that time. The SL also issues additional/special instructions to the lead TL. The SL tells the lead TL that
when the SL calls the lead TL with the far recognition signal, the lead TL and the lead team automatic rifleman
should assume a short halt posture to help guide the squad to the ORP and to assist the lead TL in quickly
emplacing his personnel into their positions on the perimeter.
6. Conduct recon ORP
After the SL issues the 5-points and special instructions, the personnel designated for the leader’s recon
move to the 12 o'clock position. The trail TL takes up a position at the 12 o’clock to count out the departing
personnel. When the SL sees the trail TL is in position, the SL signals the lead TL to move out. (Refer to FOOM on
board). The leader’s recon moves in a diamond formation, with personnel spaced at approximately 10 meters and
45 degrees. The lead TL is at the apex of the diamond formation. The lead team rifleman is in position to the right
and rear of the lead TL. The lead team automatic rifleman is to the left and rear of the lead TL. The SL moves at the
rear of the formation. Halfway to the ORP, which is approximately 200 meters, the SL begins looking for a location
that has some or all of the characteristics of a good ORP.
7. Characteristics of ORP
There are five characteristics of a good ORP:
1. Easily defendable for a short period of time.
2. Away from natural lines of drift.
3. Away from high-speed avenues of approach.
4. Provide good cover and concealment from the ground and air
5. Provide little or no tactical value to the enemy.
Once the SL finds an area that meets most or all of these characteristics and is in the vicinity of the
designated grid location, the SL signals the lead TL to halt the patrol as previously described.
Squad Reconnaissance
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Squad Reconnaissance
8. SLLS
When the lead TL receives the “halt” signal, he assumes a short halt posture at the next available covered
and concealed position. The rest of the recon element follows his lead. The element then conducts SLLS as
previously described.
9. Clear, Secure / 5 Point
After SLLS is complete, the lead TL and the lead team rifleman must clear the tentative ORP using the
Zigzag method. The SL identifies the 3, 6, 9 and 12 o'clock positions. The lead TL and lead team rifleman slowly
clear from the 6 o’clock to the 3 o’clock to the 9 o’clock to the 12 o’clock then back to the 6 o'clock position. While
clearing, the lead TL and lead team rifleman look for signs of enemy presence or use, such as fresh tire tracks,
trash, foxholes, expended ammunition or anything uncommon to the surrounding area. If they spot any of these
signs, the lead TL and lead team rifleman return immediately. After the two Rangers clear the ORP, the SL spot
checks the area by moving into the ORP with the lead LT and verifying that it is a suitable location for the squad to
establish the ORP. The SL will personally check one position or he may decide to check all positions within the
tentative OPR while conducting his spot check.
After the SL approves the ORP site, he emplaces the lead team automatic rifleman at the 6 o’clock position
facing the 12 o'clock position. The lead TL remains at the 6 o’clock position facing towards the direction of the
security halt. Once the lead TL and the lead team automatic rifleman are in position, the SL tells the lead TL that the
5-point is in effect. Additionally, the SL ensures that the lead TL and the lead team automatic rifleman have their
feet interlocked so they can utilize the tap code with their feet. The SL also ensures that the two Rangers
understand the tap-code.
Rangers, this is the tap code. One tap from one Ranger to another means that everything is okay. If
everything is okay with the other Ranger, he responds with one tap. Two taps means that a Ranger sees or hears
something. Three taps means that the Rangers need to move NOW. When in a security position with another
Ranger, Rangers utilize this tap code as a non-verbal means of communication.
Before the SL and lead team rifleman move back to the security halt, the SL communicates to the trail TL
that the SL is returning to the security halt. This is the far recognition signal. When the trail TL receives the signal,
he ensures that all remaining Rangers at the security halt take up the short halt posture and ready to move out.
When the SL and the lead team rifleman are within close proximity to the security halt, they stop and the SL
gives the near recognition signal. An example of a near recognition signal during good visibility is a challenge and
password. After the SL and the trail TL exchange the near recognition signal, the trail TL counts the SL and lead
team rifleman into the security halt. After movement ceases, the element conducts SLLS as previously described.
After completion of SLLS, the SL disseminates any change to the plan and the route to the tentative ORP to
the lead team rifleman. The lead team rifleman takes charge of the remainder of the lead team at this time and
disseminates the information. The trail TL also disseminates the information to his men at this time. Once
dissemination is complete, the squad assumes the OOM to the tentative ORP, which is the remainder of the lead
team, then the HQ element, followed by the trail team.
The lead team rifleman leads the element out of the security halt. Prior to leaving the security halt, the SL
calls the lead TL and tells him that the rest of the squad is moving to his location. This is the far recognition signal.
When the lead TL and the lead team automatic rifleman receive this signal, they take up a short halt posture.
10. Occupy / Strong Point
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Once the lead team rifleman sees the lead TL, he halts the patrol, and exchanges the near recognition signal
with the lead team leader as previously described. The SL moves to the front of the formation and gets face to face
with the lead TL. At that time, the SL tells the TL to take his team and strong point the 10 o’clock and 2 o’clock
positions in the short halt posture. The SL stays at the 6 o’clock position as a control measure for the occupation of
the ORP. After the lead team passes through the 6 o’clock, the RTO moves into the ORP followed by the MG team.
The SL tells the RTO and MG team where to move inside the center of the perimeter. Once in position, the RTO and
MG team assume the short halt posture. The SL then orients the trail team leader to the tentative ORP by pointing
out the 6 o’clock and 12 o’clock positions. The SL also points out the 10 o’clock and 2 o’clock positions that the lead
team leader is strong pointing. The SL then tells the trail team leader to strong point his personnel in the 4 and 8
o’clock positions. Due to the fact that the trail TL is unfamiliar with the ORP, the SL may choose to assist the trail
TL in emplacing his men in the designated positions. He can do this by personally emplacing all members of the
trail team into their designated position or by personally emplacing men into one of the designated positions while
the trail TL emplaces men into the other position.
11. SLLS / Pinpoint
The entire squad moves into the ORP and halts. At that point, the SL spot-checks the perimeter to ensure
that there is 360 degree security with all personnel in the short halt posture.
Then, the squad conducts SLLS and pinpoints their location as previously described. If the SL is not satisfied, he can
move the ORP left, right or perhaps closer to the OBJ to find a more suitable location.
12. Long halt / MG Tm
TLs issues tasks, conditions, and standards for placing the men in the long halt posture and strong-pointing
the 10, 2, 4, and 8 o'clock positions. The lead TL strong points the 10 and 2 o’clock positions and the trail TL strong
points the 4 and 8 o’clock positions. TLs strong point their personnel, issue sectors of fire, and disseminate
information as previously described for the security halt. The SL emplaces the M240 gun team at the 12 o’clock or
the most likely avenue of approach.
13. Spot check / OPSKED
Once the TLs place their personnel in the long halt posture and return to the SL’s location, the SL checks to
ensure his standards are met. When satisfied, the RTO calls in the OPSKED to higher to communicate that the
squad has occupied the ORP.
14. Prep M, W, E / Recon Teams
At this point, the squad prepares men, weapons, and equipment for the OBJ. No man leaves the ORP and
moves to the OBJ until he is fully prepared for conducting the actions on the OBJ. Priority for preparation goes to
the recon elements. There are three recon elements. R&S 1 consists of the SL and the lead team rifleman. R&S 2
consists of the lead TL and lead team grenadier. The S&O element is lead team automatic rifleman and trail team
grenadier. After the lead TL preps his men, he moves to the SL’s position. The lead TL and the SL prep and inspect
each other. Men who are preparing or undergoing inspections pull 3-5 meters off the line and maintain noise and
light discipline. After men are prepared and inspected, the SL spot checks the men.
While the recon elements are preparing for the OBJ, the trail TL ensures that the rest of the squad
maintains security on the perimeter helps cross load equipment as necessary. It is imperative that during the
preparation of men, weapons, and equipment, the squad maintains noise and light discipline to prevent detection
by the enemy.
The SL then issues tasks, conditions, and standards for preparing men, weapons, and equipment.
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The following standards apply to MEN. During inspection or spot checks, the TL and SL start with the head
and work down. Each man camouflages their helmet by placing foliage inside their camo band. This helps break up
the outline of the helmet. However, the foliage should not extend higher than six inches from the top of the helmet.
Men must camouflage all exposed skin, including the neck and ears. Unless the man wears gloves, he camouflages
his hands as well. Any man who wears gloves must keep them on the entire time.
Each man must conceal all metal parts on his FLC. A Ranger does this by using a camo stick or black tape to
cover anything shiny. Men must also ensure their equipment on their FLC does not make noise. If the magazines
make noise when a Ranger shakes the ammo pouch, the Ranger puts tape on them or places MRE cardboard or
pieces of foliage between them to help silence them. The TL and SL check the magazines inside the ammo pouch
and ensure they are full (I will explain how to do this later). Each man must top off his hydration pack and check
his 1-quart canteens to ensure they’re full. If a man’s canteen is not full, the man fills it up from his 2-quart on his
rucksack. Each man must have two full one quart canteens and his hydration pack with him for actions on the
objective. Then, each man ensures that he has fresh foliage placed in his FLC to break up the outline of the body.
ACUs must be serviceable. If they are not, Rangers repair them using their sewing kit or tape. If a Ranger
cannot repair the ACUs, he uses a camouflage stick to cover any exposed skin. Boots must be serviceable.
The following standards apply to WEAPONS. When preparing weapons, ensure the weapon is on safe and properly
tied off from the front sight to the non-firing shoulder of the FIGHTING LOAD CARRIER (FLC). Also, ensure that the
tie down does not hinder the operation of the weapon.
I will now explain how to inspect each weapon system.
For the M4/M16: Check all parts and ensure they are tied down in accordance with 4th RTBN SOP. If there are any
shiny parts on the weapon use a camouflage stick, black tape or black marker to subdue them. Check the hand
guards to ensure they don’t rattle. If they do, tape them to help silence them. Remember when taping be sure the
tape does not interfere with the aiming or function of the weapon. Next check the magazine to see that it is full and
the chamber to see if there is a round present. To do this, silently press the magazine release-button, and remove
the magazine from the weapon. With your index finger, press down on the rounds. If the magazine is full your
finger should not push down past the first joint of your finger. If the magazine is not full replace it with a full one or
load additional rounds into it. To check the chamber, place your hand under the magazine well and let your fingers
cover the ejection port cover. This does two things, first it will keep the cover from slapping the side of the weapon,
and second, it will keep the round from falling on the ground in the event that you pull the charging handle too far
to the rear. Next, with your other hand, pull the charging handle to the rear just far enough to observe a round in
the chamber. Then, slowly ease the charging handle back forward and silently tap the forward assist ensuring that
the round is fully seated in the chamber. Also, while you are checking to see if there is a round in the chamber you
should also check to make sure that the weapon is properly lubricated. Place the magazine back into the weapon
and insure it is seated properly by pushing the forward assist three times. Then make sure the weapon is still safe.
M320: Check all parts and ensure they are tied down in accordance with 4th RTBN SOP. The M4/M16 portion of
the M320 will be prepared in the same manner that I have just previously described; in addition, you will also
inspect the breech tube. To check the breach tube, place your hand over the left side of the tube. This will prevent
the tube from swinging open loudly and potentially ejecting the 40mm round. Next, with your other hand, press up
on the barrel release latch and slowly control the opening of the barrel, ensuring that the 40mm round does not fall
out. Pull the round out and make sure you have the proper round loaded. Also inspect the inside of the tube to
ensure there are no cracks or obstructions. Quietly slide the round back into the chamber and lock the tube back
into position while making sure the weapon is on safe.
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M249 SAW: Check all parts and ensure they are tied down in accordance with 4th RTBN SOP. Check the M249 SAW
for shiny areas and correct the deficiencies using a camouflage stick, black tape or black marker. If there are any
pieces rattling you can tape it down or, in the case of a heat shield, remove it and place it in your rucksack ensure it
is tied down. Next ensure the bolt is locked to the rear and the weapon is on safe. Then place your left hand on the
belt of ammo to control the rounds, raise the feed tray cover and remove the rounds from the feed tray. Then raise
the feed tray and inspect the inside of the chamber and receiver for any brass, links or debris. Also ensure that the
feeder paws in the feed tray cover are moving freely. Make sure the M249 is properly lubricated as well. Check the
rounds to make sure that they are clean and free from dirt, rust or debris. Ensure that a full drum is loaded onto the
weapon and that the rounds have been seated properly to the rear of the feed tray. Once this is done, then tilt the
weapon to the right and slowly close the feed tray cover until the feed tray cover locks into place; again check that
the weapon is on safe. The additional SAW drums should be in bandoleers or in the SAW pouches. Ensure that the
lead team automatic rifleman takes his full combat load onto the OBJ.
M240B MG: Check the M240B for any shiny objects or loose parts and correct the deficiencies the same way as
with the M249 SAW. Check all parts and ensure they are tied down in accordance with 4th RTBN SOP. Place your
left hand on the belt of ammo to control the rounds, raise the feed tray cover and remove the rounds from the feed
tray. Raise the feed tray and inspect the inside of the chamber and receiver for any brass, links or debris. Also
ensure that the feeder paws in the feed tray cover are moving freely. Make sure the M240B is properly lubricated
as well. Ensure that the rounds are properly seated to the rear of the feed tray, and that a 100 round starter belt is
loaded. Once this is done tilt the weapon to the right, slowly close the feed tray cover until the feed tray cover locks
into place. Again check that the weapon is on safe. In addition to the 100 round starter belt, the AG will also have
500 rounds linked together for use in the ORP.
The AT-4: will be inspected for serviceability prior to leaving the ORP. The Bravo Team Grenadier should have the
AT-4’ tied down to the non-firing shoulder of the FIGHTING LOAD CARRIER (FLC). Inspect the fiberglass tube,
sights, transport safety pin and firing mechanism for damage. Leave the sight covers open slightly for rapid
deployment in the event it has to be used. Ensure the Alpha Team’s AT-4 is prepared in the same manner and
cross loaded to a member of the squad who will remain in the ORP.
The M18A1 Claymore mines: will be inspected for serviceability and accountability. Check all parts and ensure
they are tied down in accordance with 4th RTBN SOP. Also ensure the claymore wire is properly wound up around
the spool. The Bravo Team Leader will keep all claymore mines in the ORP and will emplace them to cover dead
space or possible avenues of approach to increase ORP security once the SL departs towards the OBJ with the
recon elements.
Now for preparing EQUIPMENT: A good technique is to use the Acronym RTBNS, which stands for Radios, Tripod,
Binos, NVGs, and Special equipment.
Radios: For both the PRC-119 and other FM radios, the RTO needs to ensure that each radio has an extra battery
and the radio and antenna are tied down properly. Prior to leaving the ORP, each Ranger carrying a radio adjusts
the volume knob and conducts a radio check so the squad knows that all radios are working and are on the right
frequency. The RTO keeps the PRC-119. The SL, the lead TL, and the trail team grenadier each carry a PRC-148
(MBITR). This ensures that each of the recon elements and the ORP element have a radio.
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Tripod: The assistant gunner fully extends the tripod with the T & E and pintle assembly already attached to the
tripod and tied down. For the recon, the machine gun team mounts the M240B on the tripod and remains in the
ORP during actions on the OBJ.
Binos: The personnel carrying the Binos are the lead TL and the SL. The lead TL and the SL must inspect the Binos
for serviceability, place the lanyards around their necks, and ensure the binos are tied down to the non-firing
shoulder of the FLC. Additionally, the lead TL and the SL check the objective lens to make sure that they are taped.
This reduces the chance of glare giving away the positions. The Binos should still allow enough light to enter the
objective lens to work properly.
NVGs: Each Ranger attaches the PVS-14s to their helmet mounts and adjusts them. Then, each man places their
hand over the objective lens (in order not to burn out the reticule) and turns the NVG on to ensure there is a green
glow and that the device works. Each man should rotate the “ON” switch to IR and see the IR indicator light
illuminate. Then, Rangers place the NVG lanyard around their necks and tie them down to the non-firing shoulder
of the FLC. Tie downs must not hamper the focusing of the NVGs. Then, each man places the NVGs around their
neck utilizing the neck cord and places the NVGs inside of their ACU top.
The M240B MG team mounts the PEQ-15/A on the M240B. The team ties the PEQ-15/A to the mount,
ensures that it is serviceable, and confirms the team has an extra set of batteries for the PEQ-15A. Every man with
NVGs has a set of extra batteries.
Special equipment: The only other special equipment for the Recon is note taking materials. The SL, lead team TL,
and lead team automatic rifleman have note taking materials so they can make a military sketch of the PIR on the
OBJ. This note taking material needs to be weather-proofed so that rain cannot destroy the information. Special
equipment for the trail TL includes a range card and note taking material. The range card is used to depict the
sector of fire for the MG; the note taking material is used to create a copy of the range card and to create the squad
sector sketch. The trail TL must be sure to note the locations of all weapons on his perimeter in the sector sketch
(AT-4, Claymore mine, M320, etc).
15. Confirm Route
During the prep of men, weapons, and equipment, the SL confirms the route to the OBJ with the lead TL.
16. Inspect Recon Teams
After TLs finish preparing their men, they bring their men to the SL so he can inspect them. After the SL
inspects the men and determines they meet his standards, TLs place their men in the FOOM to the OBJ. (Read the
FOOM off of the board). The lead TL then spot checks the SL.
17. Depart ORP / 5 Point
Prior to departing the ORP, the SL issues a 5-point contingency plan to the trail TL. An example GOTWA
should sound like this.
Going: I am going to conduct the AOO Recon.
Others: I am taking Ranger____________ (lead team rifleman), Ranger______ (lead TL), Ranger ________ (lead team
grenadier), Ranger __________ (lead team automatic rifleman) and Ranger _________ (trail team grenadier). Including
me, this is a total of six personnel.
Time: I will be gone four hours.
What: If I am not back in four hours, I want you to first try to contact me by FM. If you can’t contact me, then call
higher, inform them of the situation and ask for further guidance.
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Actions: These are two-fold: If I make contact, we will break contact and attempt to link up with you here at the
ORP. If not or we are being tracked, I will link up with you at the last ERP. You should be able to hear the contact. I
want you to remain in place and be prepared to assist us in breaking contact. If you make contact, defend in place
until you feel as if you are about to be overrun. If this is the case, break contact to the last ERP and conduct rally
point procedures, I will be able to hear the contact and work my way back to you and assist you in executing the
battle drill in place.
The SL issues additional instructions to the trail TL to disseminate the 5-point, readjust the perimeter as
necessary, emplace the claymores to increase the ORP security while the recon element is absent, create a range
card for the MG and a sector sketch of the OPR security, ensure the RTO monitors the radio, and ensure the
remaining Rangers maintain security. Additionally, the SL tells the trail TL to continue to prep men, weapons and
equipment for night movement while maintaining 50% security. The SL also tells the trail TL that when the SL calls
the ORP with the far recognition signal, the trail TL must get everyone in the short halt posture and prepared to
move. After giving all these instructions, the SL has the trail TL back brief him.
The SL issues a 5-point to the Rangers on S/O and R&S. The S&O 5-point contingency plan cover the period
while R&S 1 and 2 are conducting the recon of the OBJ. It will sound something like this:
Going: I am going to recon the OBJ.
Others: I am taking R& S 1 and 2.
Time: I will be gone Three hours.
What: If I am not back in 3 hours I want you to move back to the RP, secure your rucks, and if I am not there at the
RP, then move back to the ORP.
Actions: If your position gets compromised you will break contact and fight your way back to the RP and wait 5
minutes, if I am not there in 5 minutes move back to the ORP. Do not forget to take your rucksacks with you. If an
R&S team comes into contact you will execute the compromise plan, then move back to the RP, wait for me there
for 5 minutes, if I am not at the RP after 5 minutes, move back to the ORP.
The SL gives additional instructions to the S&O team that they should take notes on the PIR they obtain
from their position. Additionally, the SL also tells Rangers on S/O and R&S teams to make a military sketch and
keep track of the time for events occurring on the OBJ, such as how long it takes a guard to rove the perimeter.
Most importantly, the SL emphasizes that Rangers must not compromise their positions.
The SL receives a back brief from the Rangers on S/O and R&S to ensure they understand the SL’s 5-point.
The R&S 2 5-point contingency plan will cover the period while R&S 1 and 2 are conducting the recon of the OBJ. It
will sound something like this:
Going: I am going to recon the OBJ.
Others: S&O are in their position and I am taking Ranger _________ as my security man for R&S 1.
Time: I will meet you back here in the RP in Two hours.
What: If I am not back in 2 hours I want you to attempt to contact me in FM. If you cannot reach me on FM, secure
your rucks, and then move back to the ORP.
Actions: If your position gets compromised you will break contact and fight your way back to the RP and wait 5
minutes, if I am not there in 5 minutes move back to the ORP. Do not forget to take your rucksacks with you. If the
other R&S team or S&O comes into contact you will execute the compromise plan, then move back to the RP, wait
for me there for 5 minutes, if I am not at the RP after 5 minutes, move back to the ORP.
The SL gives the R&S 2 team additional instruction that they take notes of all of PIR from their position.
Additionally, the SL tells Rangers on R&S 2 to make a military sketch and a salute format of the information. Most
importantly the SL emphasizes that the R&S 2 team does not cross the LOA or allow itself to get compromised. The
SL receives a back brief to ensure that the SLs 5-point is understood.
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The SL confirms that every man going on the recon understands the route to the Objective (OBJ) and
compromise plan. The SL briefs the details of the compromise plan at the end of this board/ end of the plan.
When the squad is ready to move out of the ORP the trail TL moves to the 12 o’clock position, establishes a
choke point, and counts the Squad out of the perimeter. The FOOM to the OBJ is the modified wedge. Refer to the
Sketch. Once the trail TL is ready to count the squad out, the SL signals the lead team leader to move out on
azimuth towards the OBJ.
18. Trail TL Responsibilities in ORP
Once the trail TL counts the recon element, he disseminates the 5-point contingency plan to all members of
the squad in the ORP. He then readjusts the perimeter as necessary to maintain security and direct the MG team to
create a range card for their sector of fire. While the MG team is creating this range card, the trail TL needs to
determine where to emplace his claymore mines and where to position his AT-4.
Good locations to emplace claymore mines include areas of dead space and likely avenues of approach.
Good locations to position anti-tank weapons include any likely avenues of approach.
Weapons on the perimeter should be positioned to maximize their capabilities and in positions where they
can be effectively employed. For example, the machine guns should be positioned to achieve enfilade and plunging
fire along likely avenues of approach, etc. Classes of Fires can be found in the RHB on page 10-3.
Prior to moving out of the ORP to emplace the claymores, the trail TL must alert his men along the
perimeter that he is moving forward to emplace the claymores and not to engage any moving targets until he
returns to the perimeter. Once the trail TL emplaces and camouflages the claymores and positions the AT-4, he
will inspect the range card to ensure it is accurate and complete. He will make a copy of the range card to use at his
location in the center of the ORP; and, return the original range card to the MG team. Next, he will create a sketch
of the entire squad’s security plan to include sectors of fire for each weapon system or strong pointed position, the
location and sector for each claymore, the location and sector for the AT-4, and the location and PDF for the
M240B.
Once all weapons are properly emplaced, the range card is accurate and complete, and the sector sketch is
accurate and complete, the trail TL will begin preparing the men in the ORP for night movement IAW the SL’s
additional instructions. Remember that every man will pull 3-5 meters off the line when prepping equipment.
Rangers, throughout this entire process, the trail TL will continue to monitor the men on the perimeter to
ensure they are alert and security is being maintained. He will also monitor the RTO to ensure he is listening to the
radio.
19. ID Release Point / SLLS
After moving approximately half the distance to the OBJ, the SL begins looking for a suitable place for the
release point (RP). The characteristics of a good RP are the same as for an ORP, with the addition that it has an
easily identifiable feature so it is easy to locate. The RP is out of sight of the OBJ, but not necessarily out of sound.
Once the SL finds a suitable location for a RP, the SL signals the lead team leader to halt and occupy the RP.
The squad conducts a security halt at the release point in the same manner as during the leader’s recon for the
ORP. After halting, the Squad conducts SLLS. Once SLLS is complete, the squad places their rucks according to the
rucksack plan, while maintaining security.
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The SL first places his rucksack according to the rucksack plan, in the center of the RP. The SL places it
frame down with the cat eyes facing towards the ORP. Next, the lead TL places his rucksack to the left of the SL. The
security men for R&S1 and 2 then place their rucks down behind their R&S team leader’s rucksack. The personnel
on S/O place their rucksacks down last. The SL ensures the elements drop their rucksacks in the correct order.
When Rangers are not placing their rucksacks down, they pull security. Once the element finishes dropping
rucksacks, the element moves up and pinpoints the OBJ. If the SL has not already issued the 5-point to the S/O, the
SL does it in the RP. Depending on METT-TC, the SL may elect to leave the security personnel for R&S 1 and 2 in the
RP while the SL pinpoints the OBJ. If the SL chooses to leave the Rangers, he issues a 5-Point to these personnel at
this time. To ensure the RP is easily identifiable, each man looks back at the RP when the element begins moving up
to the OBJ.
20. Pinpoint the OBJ
Rangers in the recon elements must use max stealth as they move to the OBJ and maintain situational
awareness at all times as there may be enemy on the OBJ. The Rangers also want to utilize their Binos to maximize
stand-off range between the OBJ and the recon elements. This helps the recon elements avoid compromising their
positions.
When the SL can see what he believes is the OBJ, the element halts. The SL and the lead TL move forward so
the SL and lead TL can pinpoint the OBJ. While staying in a covered and concealed position, the SL and lead TL pull
out their maps and compasses to pinpoint their position and determine whether or not this is the OBJ. While the
lead TL and SL are doing this, the lead team automatic rifleman and the trail team grenadier provides local security
for them.
21. Confirm, Change, Abort
After the SL and lead TL determine that they are at the OBJ, the SL has to decide to confirm, change or abort
the plan. If the initial plan works with the ground, the SL confirms the plan. However, the SL may see the need to
change certain parts of the plan because the terrain does not support the plan he briefed. For example, if the
terrain on the site does not offer vantage points on both sides of the OBJ, the SL may decide to only use one R&S
team. Another option is the SL may abort. Reasons for aborting the mission could be aggressive counter recon
patrols from the enemy that prevent recon elements from conducting eyes on the OBJ or insufficient time to
complete the mission. If the SL has to abort, the SL extracts all personnel on the leader’s recon back to the ORP.
Once there, the SL contacts higher for further guidance.
If the SL and lead TL decide to confirm or change the plan, they look for several things:
1.
Vantage points – The SL and lead TL look for vantage points around the OBJ area for each R&S team to use.
The side of the OBJ which provides the best vantage points is the side of the OBJ the SL takes for R&S 1.
2.
An LOA – The SL looks for an LOA for the OBJ. The LOA is an easily identifiable feature that splits the OBJ.
The SL uses this as a control measure recon to ensure that both R&S teams do not run into each other during the
recon. The SL looks for this feature on the far side of the OBJ. Example features are a tree or road.
3.
Targets/Sectors of Fire – The SL designates targets and sectors of fire for the S&O team. If the enemy
compromises an R&S team, the S&O team can engage these targets.
Additionally, if the SL and lead TL gain all the PIR from this location, they do so and withdraw all personnel
back to the ORP. There is no reason to get greedy and risk compromising the element if the SL and lead TL can gain
all the PIR from this location.
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22. Emplace S&O
After the SL verifies these important details, he locates a position to emplace S/O team. The position should
provide the S/O team with cover and concealment and still enable them to observe the OBJ and obtain accurate
PIR. The SL wants a position far enough away from the OBJ so there is a lower chance of any enemy counter-recon
patrols compromising the S&O team’s position, but close enough to be able to employ all the weapon systems at
that position.
Once the SL locates this position, he briefs the S&O personnel on the LOA and Vantage points and issues the
S&O team sectors of fire and the priority of engagement for the identified targets.
After the SL ensures that the S&O team understands his instructions, he emplaces the S&O team in the
prone position. The automatic rifleman faces towards the OBJ and the grenadier faces away from the OBJ. The two
Rangers interlock their feet to utilize the tap code. After the S/O team is in position, the SL conducts a final radio
check and finishes the emplacement.
Once the SL emplaces the S/O team and verifies that they are ready to begin collecting PIR, he informs the
S/O team that their 5-point contingency plan is in effect. Then, the SL and the lead TL move back to the RP to begin
the recon.
23. Conduct Recon
At the RP, the SL and the lead TL confirm the LOA, vantage points, time, and compromise plan. Then, they
ensure that all personnel understand the same information. Next, both teams begin their recon of the OBJ. The R&S
teams move to their vantage points, gather PIR in the SALUTE format, and draw sketches of the OBJ. The example
on my board shows that the best vantage points were available to the east so that is where R&S 1 recons. R&S 2
recons the west side of the OBJ.
A few things the R&S teams need to remember when conducting their recon are:
1.
Cloverleaf – The R&S teams bound back and away from the OBJ as they move from vantage point to
vantage point.
2.
Use Maximum Stealth – Rangers use the appropriate IMT for the terrain and vegetation. If Rangers highcrawl into a position, Rangers need to high-crawl back out.
3.
Use Cover and Concealment – Rangers use all available cover and concealment to prevent the enemy
from detecting their movement. This also serves to assist in the event that Rangers get compromised.
4.
Never Parallel the OBJ – Rangers move around the OBJ without moving parallel to the OBJ because they
want to avoid detection by enemy forces.
5.
Stand-Off - Rangers want to use maximum stand-off range from the OBJ to prevent detection. Rangers use
their Binos to assist in gathering PIR from an extended distance.
Rangers, as each R&S team approaches its next vantage point they conduct a radio check with the S&O
position to ensure it is safe to approach the objective and gather PIR. This prevents an R&S team from being
surprised by a drastic change in the situation on the OBJ, such as the presence of a larger enemy since the last time
the R&S team had eyes on the OBJ. As the R&S team occupies its vantage point the R&S TL faces towards the OBJ,
his security man faces away from the OBJ with their feet interlocked to utilize the tap code and provide 360-degree
security. When the R&S TL has determined that he has collected all the PIR he has the security man face towards
Squad Reconnaissance
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Squad Reconnaissance
the OBJ, and while maintaining noise and light discipline confirms what the TL has gathered, then moves to the
next vantage point.
Both R&S teams continue to conduct their recon of the OBJ until one of four things happen:
1.
Time- They run out of time
2.
PIR- They collect all PIR
3.
LOA- They reach the LOA
4.
Compromised- They become Compromised
Once an R&S team runs out of time, gains all the PIR, or reaches the LOA, they return to the RP. I will brief
their actions if they get compromised at the end of this period of instruction.
24. Confirm PIR at Release Point
After both R&S teams have returned to the RP, the R&S teams conduct SLLS. When SLLS is complete, the
R&S teams compare PIR. If there are major discrepancies in the PIR and the SL has time remaining to conduct the
recon of the OBJ, they flip-flop sides. One example of a major discrepancy is the lead TL sees three (3) trucks and
the SL sees none. To save time in moving into vantage points, the R&S TLs change security men when they move to
recon the opposite sides of the OBJ. The reason they do this is that the security man has already been to the
vantage points on that side of the OBJ and can lead the R&S TL to each vantage point. This security man already
knows the route to those vantage points.
25. Withdrawal and Extract S/O
Once the recon of the OBJ is complete and the SL is ready to withdraw from the OBJ, he must first extract
the S&O team from their position. The SL has two ways to do this. He can call them on his MBITR and tell them to
withdraw back to the RP. The other method is the SL and the lead TL move to the S&O team’s position and motion
to the trail team grenadier to withdraw. The trail team grenadier then taps the lead team automatic rifleman three
times and the team secures all of their equipment and moves to the SL’s location. Once all personnel are at the RP,
the element conducts SLLS. Once SLLS is complete, the SL confirms the PIR that the lead team automatic rifleman
gathered from the S&O position. If there is any PIR from the S/O team that the SL wants to confirm and there is
time remaining, then the SL and the lead team automatic rifleman move back to the OBJ so the SL can get eyes on
that PIR. Then, the two Rangers return to the RP.
Once the SL confirms all the PIR, he gets 100% accountability of men, weapons and equipment. After
verifying accountability, the SL calls the trail TL via FM and tells him the recon element is returning to the ORP.
This is the far recognition signal. The recon element moves to the ORP in the same FOOM that the element used
when moving to the RP. Prior to reaching the ORP, the lead TL stops and exchanges the near recognition signal
with the trail TL.
When the trail TL receives the call that the recon element is returning to the ORP, he moves around the
ORP perimeter and transitions the men into the short halt posture. Additionally, the trail TL tells the men in the
ORP that the recon element is returning. After the trail TL ensures everyone is in the short halt posture, he moves
to the side of the perimeter where the recon element departed. The trail TL prepares to exchange the near
recognition signal and count the element back into the ORP.
When the recon element moves into the ORP, all personnel return to their original positions and assume
the short halt posture. Once the whole squad is in the ORP, the squad conducts SLLS. The squad conducts SLLS to
ensure no enemy tracked the recon element from the OBJ. Once SLLS is complete, the SL decides if the ORP is
secure enough to disseminate information. If not, the squad needs to move to a more secure site to disseminate
information. If the SL determines that the ORP is secure enough to disseminate info, then the recon element
disseminates info in the ORP.
Squad Reconnaissance
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Squad Reconnaissance
26. Report: Salute / Disseminate
If the SL determines that the squad needs to move, the SL gets 100% accountability of Men, Weapons, and
Equipment. Then, the squad moves a minimum of 1,000 meters or a major terrain feature away from the OBJ. This
depends on METT-T/C. Once the squad moves a major terrain feature or 1,000 meters away, the SL gives the lead
TL the signal/command to halt.
The squad halts as previously described. When all movement ceases, the squad conducts SLLS.
When SLLS is complete, the SL issues tasks, conditions, and standards to the TLs to set the perimeter. The
SL gives instructions on strong pointing the positions and transitioning the men into the long halt posture. The SL
emplaces the MG team while the TLs emplace their men. Once this is complete, the SL spot checks to ensure his
standards are met.
Once the men are in the long halt posture, the trail TL ensures the squad maintains security. The lead TL,
the lead team automatic rifleman, the RTO, and the SL begin to consolidate the PIR and prepare the SALUTE report
for higher.
The RTO consolidates the PIR using carbon paper so he can make three additional copies of the
consolidated PIR. On one side of the paper the RTO consolidates the PIR into a SALUTE format. The RTO makes a
military sketch on the other side. If the SL has any doubts as to what PIR the squad has gathered, or the SL is not
satisfied, he may pull the security personnel from R&S 1, 2 or the S&O into the center to help prepare the SALUTE
report. When the SALUTE report and military sketch has been completed, the SL gives the lead TL T, C, and S on
how he wants him to disseminate the PIR to his men. TL’s when you disseminate the PIR go to each man and
during periods of GV show them the SALUTE format and military sketch, as well as brief them. Also ensure that the
men know that a paper copy of the PIR is water-proofed in the left breast pocket of the ATL, BTL, the SL, and RTO’s
ACU top.
The lead TL starts briefing his personnel at the 9 o’clock position and moves in a clockwise manner through
the 12 o’clock to the 3 o’clock position. The trail TL is in the center and the SL issues him the same T, C, and S for
dissemination of info that he gave the lead TL with the exception that the trail team leader will begin disseminating
at the 3 o’clock to the 6 o’clock to the 9 o’clock.
27. Spot Check / OPSKED
Before the SL sends the TLs out to disseminate the information to the squad, The SL gets a brief back and
issue a time hack. When the TLs are done disseminating the PIR and return to the center of the perimeter, The SL
goes and spot checks the teams and ensures everyone knows the PIR. If the SL is not satisfied, he will re-issue T, C
and S and the TLs re-disseminate the PIR. The TLs do this until the SL’s T, C, and S are met or until the SL has the
RTO make 12 individual copies of the PIR for each person in the squad. When the SL is satisfied that everyone
knows the PIR, he has the RTO call in the OPSKED to higher for mission complete.
28. Compromise Plan
The SL determines to conduct a squad attack or break contact if at any time during the operation the squad
makes contact or is compromised while the entire squad is together.
If any element is separated from the squad, such as during the recon of the ORP or while conducting the
Recon of the OBJ, the element reacts to contact in accordance with the 5-point contingency plan the SL issues.
Squad Reconnaissance
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Squad Reconnaissance
If the enemy compromises an R&S team during the recon of the OBJ, the team in contact immediately
returns a high volume of fire, attempts to suppress the enemy, and bounds back and away from the OBJ to the RP.
Rangers, keep in mind that the enemy may conduct a recon by fire. This means the enemy may hear something in
the wood line and shoot at it to see if it us. Enemy may also test fire their weapons. A team knows the enemy has
compromised the team if the team takes effective fire. In other words, the team has rounds impacting around it.
The R&S team not in contact will bound back and away from the OBJ back to the RP, without firing a shot.
The S&O team when knows the enemy compromises an R&S team because there will be fire from the OBJ
into the wood line and from the wood line back onto the OBJ. When the S&O confirms that an R&S team is in
contact, the S&O team engages the targets by the priority the SL designated during the S&O emplacement. The S/O
team continues to fire onto the OBJ until the lead team automatic rifleman expends one drum of SAW ammo onto
the OBJ at a rapid rate of fire. Once the lead team automatic rifleman expends the drum, the S/O team polices up
their equipment and moves back to the RP. At the RP, all elements wait 5 minutes to link up with the other recon
elements. Once there is 100% accountability of men, weapons, and equipment or 5 minutes pass, the recon
element picks up their rucksacks and moves back to the ORP. Once at the ORP, the squad ensures 100%
accountability of men, weapons, and equipment. Then, the squad moves 1,000 meters or a major terrain feature
away and calls higher for further guidance.
NOTE ON LIMITED VISIBILITY
Rangers, if any portion of your recon takes place during limited visibility, refer to the training you received
in the Formation and Order of Movement period of instruction. In particular, take note of moving in a modified
wedge, halting, conducting SLLS, and pinpointing.
Conclusion
Rangers this concludes the period of instruction on “Squad Recon”. What are your questions?
Squad Reconnaissance
Page 17
Reference: SH 21-76; pg 7-10
MAY 2012
SQUAD AMBUSH
“An ambush is a surprise attack from a concealed position on a moving or temporarily halted target.”
Conducting the mission
1. Start / Stop
2. Security Halt
3. SLLS / Pinpoint
4. Long Halt / Spot Check
5. 5-Point to BTL and ATL
6. Conduct Recon of ORP
7. Characteristics
Easily defendable
Away from natural lines of drift
Away from high speed avenues of
approach
Provides no value to the enemy
Provides the best cover and
concealment from ground and air.
8. SLLS
9. Clear, Secure, 5-Point
10. Occupy / Strong Point
11. SLLS / Pinpoint
12. Long Halt / Machine Gun
13. Spot check / OPSKED
14. Prepare MWE / Recon
15. Confirm Route
16. Inspect Leaders’ Recon Team
17. Depart 5-Point to BTL and S/O
18. Identify Release Point / SLLS
19. Pinpoint Objective
20. Confirm, Change or Abort
21. Emplace S/O, issue 5-Point / Tap Code
22. Conduct Recon of ambush line
23. Occupy (Security, Support, Assault)
24. Conduct actions on the objective
25. Withdrawal (Assault, Support, Security)
26. Establish security halt (100% MWE)
27. Move 1,000 meter or major terrain feature
28. Disseminate PIR / Call OPSKED
29. Compromise Plan
ASSAULT/ BTM- DO
T - Destroy
P – Prevent ALF from maintaining
control of OBJ Black
SECURITY / ATM SO1
T – Contain
P – Prevent enemy withdrawal
and freedom of maneuver on the
objective
GL:_________
TF:_________
N
LOA
D KILL ZONE
R
P
O
R
P
SUPPORT / HQ SO2
T - Fix
P – Prevent the enemy from
repositioning on the DO
MG
ATL
SL____
RTO____
BTL
GL___________
TF___________
Reference: SH 21-76; pg 7-10
MAY 2012
SQUAD AMBUSH
“An ambush is a surprise attack from a concealed position on a moving or temporarily halted target.”
TACTICAL MISSION TASKS
1. Canalize
2. Contain
3. Defeat
4. Destroy
5. Disrupt
OF AN AMBUSH
6. Fix
7. Interdict
8. Isolate
9. Neutralize
10. Suppress
CATEGORIES
1. Deliberate- Has specific target at a predetermined time and location.
2. Hasty- Platoon makes visual contact with the enemy and has time
to establish an ambush without being detected.
AMBUSH TYPES
1. Point – Rangers deploy to attack an enemy in a single kill zone.
2. Area – Rangers deploy in two or more related point ambushes.
FORMATIONS
1. Linear – The assault and support elements deploy parallel to the
enemy’s route. This positions both elements on the long axis of the
kill zone and subjects the enemy to flanking fire.
2. L-Shaped – The assault element forms the long leg parallel to the
enemy’s direction of movement along the kill zone. The support
element forms the short leg at one end of and at right angles to the
assault element. This provides both flanking (long leg) and enfilading
fires (short leg) against the enemy.
CHARACTERISTICS OF AN AMBUSH
1. Surprise – Gain the Initiative
2. Coordinated Fires – Maintain the Initiative
3. Violence of Action – Retain the Initiative
TASK ORGANIZATION
−ASSAULT (BTM) – D.O.
MBITR, STANO, signals, special teams kits, map
−SUPPORT (HQ) - S.O.1
M240B COMPLETE, ASIP, GPS, STANO, signals, map
−SECURITY (ATM) - S.O.2
2x MBITR, STANO, 2x M18A1, 2x AT4’s, signals, map
PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
M What is our mission? Where are we going?
E
How would the enemy defend? Think like the enemy!
T
Analyze terrain to the OBJ as well as around OBJ.
T
Make a timeline. How long to move? How long to recon?
T
Task Organization
C
Civil Considerations. ROE
CONTINGENCIES
1. Compromise Plan
2. Objective Rally Point
Leaders Recon
Occupation
3. Mass casualties
4. Counter attack
5. Communications
SOP’S
1. EPW Search Team
2. Aid and Litter Team
3. Casualty Collection Point
4. CASEVAC / MEDEVAC
5. Withdrawal plan
Communications Plan
SL, ATL, BTL will have PRC-148
RTO will have PRC-119
Leaders Recon: Equipment
1. Sketch Pad
2. Pencil
3. STANO
4. M18A1
5. COMMO (Commo Plan)
6. Marking capabilities (SBF)
FOOM LDRS REON/ ORP
ATL
AR
RM
SL
FOOM LDRS RECON/OBJ
ATL
AR
RM
SL
Squad Ambush
SEPTEMBER 2012
Introduction/Orient
Good morning Rangers, I’m SFC/SSG___________, I will be your Primary Instructor for the next period of
instruction, which will be on Ambush.
First let me orient you to my sketches.
NOTE: Point out each portion of the board as you discuss it.
(LEFT BOARD)
Definition:
An ambush is a surprise attack from a covered and concealed position on a moving or temporarily halted
target.
Tasks of an Ambush:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Disrupt/Destroy
Collect Information
Block or Deny Access
Canalize
Categories:
DELIBERATE: A deliberate ambush is conducted against a specific target at a predetermined location and
time.
HASTY: A unit conducts a hasty ambush when it makes visual contact with an enemy force and has time to
establish an ambush without being detected. The conduct of the hasty ambush should represent the
execution of disciplined initiative within the parameters of the commander’s intent. The actions for a hasty
ambush should be established in a unit SOP and rehearsed so Soldiers know what to do on the leader’s
signal.
Types:
AREA: An area ambush (more than one point ambush) is not conducted by a unit smaller than a platoon.
This ambush works best where enemy movement is restricted
POINT: Point ambushes are set at the most ideal location to inflict damage on the enemy. Such ambushes
must be able to handle being hit by the enemy force from more than one direction. The ambush site should
enable the unit to execute an ambush in two or three main directions. The other directions must be covered
by security that gives early warning of enemy attack.
Characteristics of an Ambush:
SURPRISE: You gain surprise by moving into our positions undetected by enemy personnel until the
ambush is initiated. When you obtain the element of surprise you have gained the initiative.
COORDINATED FIRES: You obtain fire superiority by carefully planning each individuals sectors of fire,
using direct fire weapons to their maximum potential, ensuring you have interlocking fields of fire covering
Squad Ambush
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Squad Ambush
the entire kill zone, to include indirect fires to properly canalize and seal off the objective. When you
achieve fire superiorityyou maintain the initiative.
VIOLENCE OF ACTION: Violence of action is obtained by massing fires; this causes an instantaneous
neutralization of everyone and everything on the objective. When you achieve violence of action you can
retain the initiative and instill an overwhelming sense of fear in the enemy crushing his will to fight
Formations:
LINEAR AMBUSH: Is an ambush using a linear formation, the assault and support elements deploy parallel
to the enemy’s route. This position forces the enemy on the long axis of the kill zone, and subjects the
enemy to flanking fire. The linear formation can be used in close terrain that restricts the enemy’s ability to
maneuver against the squad, or in open terrain (provided a means of keeping the enemy in the kill zone can
be effected).
L-SHAPED AMBUSH: In an L-shaped ambush the assault element forms the long leg parallel to the enemy’s
direction of movement along the kill zone. The support element forms the short leg at one end of and at a
right angle to the assault element. This provides both flanking (long leg) and enfilading (short leg) fires
against the enemy. The L-shaped ambush can be used at a sharp bend in a road, trail, or stream. It should
not be used where the short leg would have to cross a straight road or trail. The squad leader must
consider the other factors of METT-TC before opting for the L-shaped formation. Special attention must be
placed on sectors of fire and sectors of fires for the weapons because of the risk of fratricide when
conducting an L-shaped ambush.
NOTE:
Generally conducted with a platoon size element or larger
Basic Task Organization:
1. ASSAULT (BTM) - D.O., MBITR, STANO, signals, special teams kits, map
2. SUPPORT (HQ) - S.O.1, M240B COMPLETE, ASIP, GPS, STANO, signals, map
3. SECURITY (ATM) - S.O.2, 2x MBITR, STANO, 2x M18A1, 2x AT4’s, signals, map
(RIGHT BOARD)
Planning Considerations:
Rangers, when planning for your Ambush you will utilize the acronym METT-TC, which stands for Mission,
Enemy, Troops, Terrain, Time and Civil considerations. However, at this time I will not get into detail,
because you will receive an in depth class on how to appropriately plan for an ambush using this method.
Contingencies:
Here are some contingencies to take into consideration when conduction an Ambush
1. Compromise plan, in the ORP, during the leader’s recon, and during the occupation of the Ambush
line.
2. A mass casualty plan
3. A counterattack
4. Communications
SOPs:
Rangers, you can develop some SOP’s within the Squad, just remember that the SOP’s must be briefed in all
Operations Orders prior to the mission.
1. EPW search
2. Aid litter
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Squad Ambush
3.
4.
5.
6.
CASEVAC
MEDEVAC
CCP
Withdrawal plan
Then on the right hand side of the right board you will see the commo plan, recon elements and special
equipment that will be utilized.
(CENTER BOARD)
At the top right hand corner of my sketch I have the north-seeking arrow, which orients us to the ground.
At the bottom center portion of my board I have the Security Halt (SH), which is located at grid
GA___________. The Terrain Feature (TF) there is a _____________. Above the SH I have the Objective Rally Point
(ORP), which is located at grid GA_________. The terrain feature there is a _________. At the bottom left hand
side of the sketch I have the task organization, communication plan, and FOOM for both the leader’s recon
of the ORP and to the Objective (OBJ). Above the ORP I have the Release Point (RP) with a rucksack plan;
this is how I expect the rucksacks to be lined up in the RP. The OBJ is depicted here in the top center of my
sketch at GA_________. The terrain feature there is a _________. Notice the name of the OBJ, Orion Rd.
Additionally the Limit of Advance (LOA) has been depicted. As you can see my sketch has been color-coded
and is personalized for this operation. Finally, on the right side of the sketch are several administrative
notes used to assist me in putting out all necessary information, and for you to follow along.
1. Start/Stop
Rangers, the actions on the OBJ begins once the SH prior to the ORP has been established and ends with the
dissemination of information and calling in the Operational Schedule (OPSKED) to higher for mission
complete.
2. 5 Point/BTL, ATL
Once the squad is in the security halt, set up in a LHP according to the SL’s T, C and S, the SL will tell the BTL
to move around the perimeter to ensure that security is maintained throughout the perimeter, and tell the
ATL to gather prep the men going on the leader's recon of the tentative ORP. At this point it is imperative
that the BTL and ATL work together to adjust the parameter as the ATL collects the personnel going on the
recon. The element for the ORP recon will consist of ATM R, ATM AR, ATL, and the SL. Their ruck sacks will
be going with them on the recon. Once prepped, bring them to the SL’s so that he can spot check. This will
be a hasty prep where he will check to ensure that they are re-camouflaged if necessary, our weapons are
locked and loaded with a full magazine, commo is checked and NVGs are operational.
SL will issue two, 5-point contingency plans: One to you the BTL to cover the SL’s absence during the
leader's recon of the ORP. The other is the ATL and ATM AR for when the SL leaves them at the 6 o’clock of
the tentative ORP to cover his movement back to the security halt to pick up the remainder of the squad
and movement to the tentative ORP to occupy it. These 5 points will be issued using the acronym GOTWA.



Going (where I am going),Others (others I am taking with me), Time (time I will be gone), What
(what to do if I don’t return), Action (actions to be taken upon enemy contact both you and me).
Ranger (BTL) will sound like this:
Going: I am going to recon for the tentative ORP.
Others: I am taking the Ranger (ATL), Ranger (ATM R) and Ranger (ATM AR) which is a total of 4
personnel.
Squad Ambush
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Squad Ambush



Time: I will be gone 1 hour.
What: If I am not back in 1 hour, I want you to first try to contact me on the RADIO. If you can’t
contact me, then call higher, inform them of the situation and ask for further guidance.
Actions: These are two-fold: If I make contact, we will break contact and attempt to linkup with you
here at the security halt. If not or we are being tracked, I will linkup with you at the last En route
Rally Point (ERP). You should be able to hear the contact. I want you to remain in place and be
prepared to assist us in breaking contact. If you make contact, defend in place until you feel as if you
are about to be overrun. If this is the case, break contact to the last ERP and conduct rally point
procedures (Establish security, establish a chain of command, call higher and inform them of the
situation, wait 45 minutes or until the remainder of the patrol has linked up then continue mission).
I will be able to hear the contact and work my way back to you and assist you in executing the battle
drill.
The SL will also issue additional/special instructions to the BTL. To disseminate the 5 point, readjust
the perimeter as necessary, ensure Ranger (RTO) monitors the radio, and ensure security is being
maintained at all times. The BTL will back brief the SL, to ensure the BTL has a complete understanding the
5-point. The 5-point begins once the SL leaves the security halt.
The SL will also issue a 5-point contingency plan to the ATL and ATM AR, for when he leaves them at the 6
o’clock of the tentative ORP. He will also issue any additional/special instructions to the ATL.
3. Conduct recon ORP
After the 5-points and special instructions have been issued, the recon element will move to the 12 o'clock
to be counted out and the BTL will count each individual of the recon team out of the parameter. Refer to
FOOM on board During hours of GV, the squad will move in a diamond formation, with approximately 10
meters between personnel. At the apex of the diamond formation will be the ATL, to his right at a 45degree angle for 10 meters is the ATM R, to the ATL’s left at a 45-degree angle for 10 meters is the ATM AR,
the SL will be in the rear of the formation right at a 45-degree angle for 10 meters behind the others. For
hours of LV, the modified wedge. Halfway (100 meters during LV and 200 meters during GV) to the ORP,
the SL will begin looking for a location that has some or all of the characteristics of a good ORP.
4. Characteristics of ORP
These are the five characteristics of a good ORP:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Away from natural lines of drift.
Away from high-speed avenues of approach.
Provide good cover and concealment from the ground and air
Provide little or no tactical value to the enemy.
Easily defendable for a short period of time.
Once the SL finds an area that meets all or most of these characteristics, he will signal the ATL to halt the
patrol with the same hand and arm signal.
5. SLLS
Once the ATL receives the SL’s signal to halt, he will assume a SHP at the next available cover and concealed
position as will the rest of the recon element. During hours of GV they will remain dispersed. During hours
Squad Ambush
Page 4
Squad Ambush
of LV, you will be "back to back", rucksack to rucksack. At this time you will conduct SLLS. During hours of
GV as previously described. During hours of LV we will utilize the "Squeeze" technique. The squeeze
technique will be initiated in a counter-clockwise manner. The SL will squeeze the ATM R on the
shoulder/arm; this will be passed man to man, until it returns to back to the SL. When SLLS is complete, the
SL will again utilize the "Squeeze" technique. However, this time it is the signal to terminate SLLS. SLLS will
last for 3-5 minutes or for as long as he deems necessary.
6. Clear, Secure/5 Point
The ATL and ATM R will clear the tentative ORP using the zigzag method. The SL and the ATL will identify
the 3, 6, 9 and 12 o'clock positions. Then the ATL and ATM R will clear from the 6 o’clock position to the 3
to the 9 to the 12 then back to the 6 o'clock. While clearing the tentative ORP they are looking for signs of
enemy presence or use such as fresh tire tracks, trash, foxholes, expended ammunition or anything
uncommon to the surrounding area. If so, return to the SL immediately. When you have completed the
recon, the SL will spot check the area to make sure it is a suitable site for an ORP. If the tentative ORP is not
suitable the SL will make the decision to move to a new location.
When the SL is satisfied, he will place the ATM AR facing towards the 12 o'clock position, the ATL will
remain at the 6 o’clock position facing towards the direction of the security halt. Then the SL tells the ATL
that his 5-point is in effect. Additionally, he will ensure that both Rangers (ATL and ATM AR) have their feet
interlocked, to utilize the tap code with their feet from one Ranger to another.
Rangers the tap code is nothing more than one tap from one Ranger to another means that everything is
okay, if everything is okay with the other Ranger, he will respond with one tap. Two taps means that I see
or hear something. Three taps means that we need to move NOW. Rangers when you are placed in a
security position, with another Ranger; you will utilize this tap code as a non-verbal means of
communication.
Before the SL leaves the ORP location, he must call the BTL and let him know that he is moving back to the
security halt, and to get the rest of the squad in the SH posture and ready to move, also to keep a look out
for them (SL and ATM R) as they move back to the SH.
When the SL gets within close proximity of the security halt we will stop short and exchange the near
recognition signal, (state what you want to use in your plan, for example) during LV the compass; vertical
answered by horizontal, periods of good visibility you will be able to identify us. Once identified, the BTL
will then count the SL and ATM R back into the parameter. When movement has ceased, the SL will have
the squad conduct SLLS, as previously described.
After completion of SLLS, the SL will disseminate any changes to the plan, and the route to the tentative
ORP to the ATM R, who will be in charge of the remainder of ATM at this time and the BTL, and allow them
time to disseminate that information to their men. Once dissemination is complete the squad will then
assume the OOM to the tentative ORP, which will be the remainder of ATM, followed by HQs, and then by
BTM.
The ATM R will lead the squad out, because he knows the route back to the ORP. As the squad gets ready to
depart the security halt, the SL must call the ATL to let him know the rest of the squad is coming to his
location; this is the far recognition signal, at which time the ATL and ATM AR will get into the SHP.
7. Occupy/SHP
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Once the ATM R sees the ATL, he will halt the patrol, and exchange the near recognition with as previously
described. The SL will then move to the front of the formation, and get face to face with the ATL and tell him
to take his team and strongpoint the 10 o’clock and 2 o’clock positions in the SHP. The SL will remain at the
6 o’clock position as a control measure for the occupation of the ORP. After the ATM passes through the 6
o’clock, the next personnel moving into the ORP will be the RTO and the M240B gun team. He will tell them
where to move to inside the center of the perimeter, there they will halt, and assume the SHP. Next, the SL
must orient BTL to the tentative ORP by telling him that this is the 6 o’clock and pointing out the 12 o’clock,
additionally he will also point out the 10 o’clock and 2 o’clock positions that the ATM is Strong-pointing at,
and where to place his personnel in the 4 and 8 o’clock positions. During periods of LV he will have to assist
the BTL in physically emplacing his team.
8. SLLS/Pinpoint
Once the entire squad has moved into the ORP and halted the SL will then spot-check the perimeter to
ensure that there is 360 degree security established and that all personnel are in the SHP.
They will then conduct SLLS and pinpoint their location as previously described for periods of GV and LV.
If the SL is not satisfied, he can then move the ORP to either left, right or perhaps closer to the OBJ to find a
more suitable location.
9. Long halt/Strongpoint 10-2-4-8 MG Tm
At this time the SL will then issue T, C and S to his Team Leaders for not only placing their men in the LHP
but also strong-pointing them at the 10-2-4 and 8 o'clock positions. This is an example of how it should
sound. “Ranger (ATL) __________, you will have the 10 and 2 o’clock positions and Ranger (BTL)__________,
you will have the 4 and 8 o’clock positions. You will strong point your men, issue them sectors of fire, and
disseminate information just like we did for the security halt. I will emplace the M240 gun team at the 12
o’clock or the most likely avenue of approach.”
10. Spot Check/OPSKED
Once both Team Leaders have placed their men in the LHP and returned to the SL’s location, he will then
spot check the perimeter to ensure that his standards have been met. Once satisfied, the SL will have the
RTO call in the OPSKED to higher that the ORP has been occupied.
11. Prep M, W, E/LDRS Recon
At this point the squad will begin to prepare men, weapons, and equipment for the Objective. Rangers;
understand that no man will leave the ORP and move up to the OBJ until he is fully prepared to conduct
actions on the Objective.
Priority for preparation goes to the leader’s recon element which will consist of the SL, the ATL, the Bravo
Team Automatic Rifleman and the Bravo Team Rifleman. The ATL will prepare the Braco Team Automatic
Rifleman and Bravo Team Rifleman. If time is not a factor and the SL has plenty of time to prepare all the
men in the squad before conducting the recon, then that is what he will do. However, if the SL wants to
maximize the time he has to conduct a thorough recon of the OBJ he will have the Bravo Team Leader
continuing to prepare men, weapons, and equipment in the ORP while the LDRS recon of the OBJ is being
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conducted. Once the ATL has finished preparing his men he will then move back to the SLs location and
they will prepare and inspect each other. When the men are preparing themselves or being inspected, they
will be pulled 3-5 meters off the line while maintaining noise and light discipline. Once the men are ready to
be inspected the ATL will bring them to the SL to be spot checked.
While the LDRS recon element is preparing the BTL will move around the perimeter to ensure security is
being maintained and assist in cross-loading equipment as needed. It is imperative that while the squad is
preparing M,W,E that both Team Leaders are ensuring that noise and light discipline are maintained to
avoid detection by the enemy.
This is the way to properly prepare men, weapons, and equipment. I’ll start with MEN beginning with the
head working my way down. You will camouflage your helmet by placing foliage inside your camo band so
as to break up the outline of your helmet. However, do not have any foliage extending higher than six
inches from the top of your helmet. Ensure all exposed skin is camouflaged to include the neck and ears.
Hands will be camouflaged unless you wear gloves. If you wear gloves you need to keep them on the entire
time.
Check the FIGHTING LOAD CARRIER (FLC) to ensure that all metal portions have been subdued. If not,
use a camouflage stick or black tape to cover the shiny portions. Shake the ammo pouches to see if the
magazines are making noise. If they are, put tape on them, MRE cardboard between them, or pieces of
foliage to help silence them. You will also check the magazines inside the ammo pouch and ensure they are
full (I will explain how to do this later). If all your magazines are not full and you have spare ammo inside
your rucksack you will top them off. Check 1-quart canteens and ensure that they are full or empty. If one
of your canteens is not full drink the water until its empty, or fill it up from your 2-quart on your rucksack.
Each man will have at least one full one quart canteen that will be taken with him for actions on the
objective. Then ensure that you have fresh foliage placed in your FIGHTING LOAD CARRIER (FLC) to
break up the outline of the body. Ensure that the ACUs are serviceable: If not, repair them by using your
sewing kit or attempt to use tape. If you cannot repair them then use a camouflage stick to cover any
exposed skin. Boots will be serviceable.
WEAPONS: When preparing weapons ensure the weapon is on safe and properly tied off from the front
sight to the non-firing shoulder of the FIGHTING LOAD CARRIER (FLC. Also ensure that the tie down does
not hinder the operation of the weapon. I will now explain how to inspect each weapon system starting
with the:
M4/M16: Check all parts and ensure they are tied down in accordance with 4th RTBN SOP. If there are any
shiny parts on the weapon use a camouflage stick, black tape or black marker to subdue them. Check the
hand guards to ensure they don’t rattle. If they do, tape them to help silence them. Remember when taping
be sure the tape does not interfere with the aiming or function of the weapon. Next check the magazine to
see that it is full and the chamber to see if there is a round present. To do this, silently press the magazine
release-button, and remove the magazine from the weapon. With your index finger, press down on the
rounds. If the magazine is full your finger should not push down past the first joint of your finger. If the
magazine is not full replace it with a full one or load additional rounds into it. To check the chamber, place
your hand under the magazine well and let your fingers cover the ejection port cover. This does two things,
first it will keep the cover from slapping the side of the weapon, and second, it will keep the round from
falling on the ground in the event that you pull the charging handle too far to the rear. Next, with your
other hand, pull the charging handle to the rear just far enough where you can observe a round in the
chamber then slowly ease the charging handle back forward and silently tap the forward assist ensuring
that the round is fully seated in the chamber. During LV you will insert your pinky finger into the chamber
to feel for the round. Also while you are checking to see if there is a round in the chamber you should also
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check to make sure that the weapon is properly lubricated. Place the magazine back into the weapon and
insure it is seated properly by pushing the forward assist three times. Then make sure the weapon is still
safe.
M320: Check all parts and ensure they are tied down in accordance with 4th RTBN SOP. The M4/M16
portion of the M320 will be prepared in the same manner that I have just previously described; in addition,
you will also inspect the breech tube. To check the breach tube, place your hand over the left side of the
tube. This will prevent the tube from swinging open loudly and potentially ejecting the 40mm round. Next,
with your other hand, press up on the barrel release latch and slowly control the opening of the barrel,
ensuring that the 40mm round does not fall out. Pull the round out and make sure it is the proper round
you want for your ambush. Also inspect the inside of the tube to ensure there are no cracks or
obstructions. Quietly slide the round back into the chamber and lock the tube back into position while
making sure the weapon is on safe.
M249 SAW: Check all parts and ensure they are tied down in accordance with 4th RTBN SOP. Check the
M249 SAW for shiny areas and correct the deficiencies using a camouflage stick, black tape or black
marker. If there are any pieces rattling you can tape it down or, in the case of a heat shield, remove it and
place it in your rucksack ensure it is tied down. Next ensure the bolt is locked to the rear and the weapon is
on safe. Then place your left hand on the belt of ammo to control the rounds, raise the feed tray cover and
remove the rounds from the feed tray. Then raise the feed tray and inspect the inside of the chamber and
receiver for any brass, links or debris. Also ensure that the feeder paws in the feed tray cover are moving
freely. Make sure the M249 is properly lubricated as well. Check the rounds to make sure that they are
clean and free from dirt, rust or debris. Ensure that a full drum is loaded onto the weapon and that the
rounds have been seated properly to the rear of the feed tray. Once this is done, then tilt the weapon to the
right and slowly close the feed tray cover until the feed tray cover locks into place; again check that the
weapon is on safe. The additional SAW drums should be in bandoleers or in the SAW pouches. Ensure that
each SAW gunner takes his full combat load onto the OBJ.
M240B MG: Check the M240B for any shiny objects or loose parts and correct the deficiencies the same
way as with the M249 SAW. Check all parts and ensure they are tied down in accordance with 4th RTBN
SOP. Place your left hand on the belt of ammo to control the rounds, raise the feed tray cover and remove
the rounds from the feed tray. Raise the feed tray and inspect the inside of the chamber and receiver for
any brass, links or debris. Also ensure that the feeder paws in the feed tray cover are moving freely. Make
sure the M249 is properly lubricated as well. Ensure that the rounds are properly seated to the rear of the
feed tray, and that a 100 round starter belt is loaded. Once this is done tilt the weapon to the right, slowly
close the feed tray cover until the feed tray cover locks into place. Again check that the weapon is on safe. In
addition to the 100 round starter belt, the AG will also have 500 rounds linked together to take to the OBJ.
All remaining ammunition will also be brought to the OBJ for use in the support position.
The AT-4: will be inspected for serviceability prior to leaving the ORP. The Alpha Team Grenadier and
Bravo Team Grenadier should have the AT-4’s tied down to the non-firing shoulder of their FIGHTING
LOAD CARRIER (FLC). Inspect the fiberglass tube, sights, transport safety pin and firing mechanism for
damage. Leave the sight covers open slightly for rapid deployment in the event it has to be used.
The M18A1 Claymore mines: will be inspected for serviceability and accountability. Check all parts and
ensure they are tied down in accordance with 4th RTBN SOP. Also ensure the claymore wire is properly
wound up around the spool. The Rangers that will be carrying the claymores will be the Squad Leader, the
Alpha Team Leader and the Bravo Team Rifleman going on the Weak Side Security
This concludes weapons prep.
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Rangers before I discuss how to prepare the special equipment I will first tell you who is carrying what
special equipment to the OBJ.
NOTE: READ off the special equipment and who is carrying what as it is listed on the Ambush line on
the sketch board.
Now for preparing EQUIPMENT: A good technique is to use the Acronym RTBN-S, which stands for Radios,
Tripod, Binoculars, NVGs and Special Equipment.
Radios: The PRC-119 (ASIP) will stay with the RTO and the PRC-148s (MBITR) are going with the SL, ATL
and Alpha Team Rifleman. For both the AN/PRC-119 (ASIP) and PRC-148s (MBITR) you will need to
ensure that each radio has an extra battery and the radio, antenna and hand mic are tied down properly.
Adjust the volume knob and get a radio check prior to leaving the ORP so you know that all radios are
working and are on the right frequency.
NOTE: Reference the Commo Plan on the board as to who gets them if you get confused.
Tripod: The AG will also have the tripod fully extended with the T & E and pintle assembly already
attached to the tripod and tied down. Ensure that the T&E is well lubricated and check to ensure that both
the elevation and traversing levers are operating properly.
Binoculars: Inspect the binos for serviceability then place the lanyard around the neck and ensure it is tied
off to the non-firing shoulder of the FIGHTING LOAD CARRIER (FLC). You will also check the objective lens
to make sure that they are taped in such a manner as to reduce the chance of glare that could give away
your position. Make sure there is not too much tape and that it will still allow enough light to enter the
objective lens to work properly.
NVGs: Before leaving the ORP make sure to attach your PVS-14s to the base plate of your helmet.
Place your hand over the objective lens (in order not to burn out the reticule) and turn the NVG on ensuring
you get a green glow and that they work. Rotate the “ON” switch to IR, you should be able to see the red IR
flood light indicator light illuminate inside. Also on the PVS-14s, look through the monocle while it is turn
on to see if the red “low battery” indicator light is on. If so then replace the batteries. Also ensure that both
the front and rear focus bezels are working properly and actually adjusts the focus. Place the NVG lanyard
around your neck and tie them off to the non-firing shoulder of the FIGHTING LOAD CARRIER (FLC). Check
your tied downs to make sure that they do not hamper the focusing of the NVGs. Each person with NVGs
will have a set of extra batteries.
The PEQ-15/A will be mounted on the appropriate weapon system. It will be tied off to the mount and you
will ensure that it is serviceable. During hours of GV a green light will illuminate at the back portion of the
laser when the button is depressed letting the user know it is activated. In LV make sure the lens covers
are on so you don’t violate noise and light discipline and check the same way as you would during GV.
For the preparation of Special equipment for our special teams:
EPW/Search: Ensure that you have enough gags, flex-cuffs, and blindfolds to secure at a minimum of 4
men each. Also you will have a flashlight or headlamp, in the event your NVGs become inoperable.
Aid/Litter: Aid and litter teams will have a SKEDCO or Pole-less litter along with a CLS Bag and be familiar
where the different items of equipment in the CLS bag are stored.
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Demo: Demo team will ensure that the charge and initiation system are carried, tied down in separate
demo bags. You will not connect them with the British junction until the SL tells the Demo Team to do so on
the OBJ, when we are preparing to withdrawal.
12. Confirm Route
While the squad is prepping men, weapons, and equipment, the SL will confirm the route to the OBJ with
the ATL.
13. Inspect Ldrs Recon
As the Team Leaders finish preparing their men they will bring them to the SL so he can inspect them. Once
the SL has inspected them and they have met his standards, he will then place them in the FOOM to the OBJ.
READ THE FOOM OFF OF THE BOARD. The ATL will then spot check the SL.
14. Depart/5 Point
Prior to departing on my leader’s recon the SL will issue a 5-point contingency plan (GOTWA) to the BTL
and include additional instructions such as; continue to prep men, weapons and equipment, while
maintaining 50% security. Disseminate the 5-point; readjust the perimeter as necessary; ensure the RTO
monitors the radio; ensure security is being maintained and have everyone in the proper FOOM (security,
support, and assault) for occupation of the ambush site upon my return. I will then have you back-brief me.
The SL will then issue two, 5-points to the S/O. The 1st 5-point GOTWA will cover the period while the
ATL and SL conduct the LDRS recon around the OBJ area. The second 5-point will cover the SL and ATL’s
movement to the ORP to pick up the rest of the element and issue additional instructions for each GOTWA
The SL will receive a back brief from the S+O and BTL to ensure that they understand the 5-point. The BTL
will then move to the 12 o’clock position, establish a choke point and count the leader’s recon out of the
perimeter. The FOOM to the OBJ in GV will be the Diamond Formation and in LV it will be the modified
wedge. Refer to the Sketch. Once the BTL is ready to count them out, the SL will signal the ATL to move out
on azimuth to the OBJ.
15. ID Release Point/5 Point
After moving approximately half the distance to the OBJ, the SL will begin looking for a suitable
Release Point (RP). The characteristics of a good RP are the same as for an ORP, with the addition that it has
an easily identifiable feature for locating it moving to and from the OBJ. Additionally, the SL may desire to
place the RP on a natural line of drift to assist the Squad in the withdrawal off the OBJ because the natural
line of drift will force the elements to funnel into the RP. The RP will be out of sight of the OBJ, but not
necessarily out of sound.
Once the SL finds a suitable location for a RP, he will signal the ATL to halt and occupy the RP. The
recon element will conduct a security Halt at the RP in the same manner as the LDRS recon did for the ORP.
After halting, the recon element will conduct SLLS. SLLS will be conducted in the same manner as it was
with the LDRS recon for the ORP for GV and LV. Once SLLS is complete, the recon element will place their
rucksacks in the rucksack plan, while maintaining security.
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The SL will place his rucksack in the rucksack plan first, in the center of the RP. He will place it
frame down, cat eyes facing towards the ORP. Next, the ATL will place his rucksack to the left of the SL.
The personnel on S/O TM will place theirs down last. Their rucksacks will be to the right of the SL’s. The SL
needs to ensure that this is done in the correct order. Once the rucksack plan is complete, the recon
element will move up and pinpoint the OBJ. If the SL has not already issued the 5-points to the S/O TM, he
will do it here in the RP. To ensure the RP is easily identifiable for both hours of GV and LV, the SL needs to
ensure that he looks back when the recon element begins moving up to the OBJ.
16. Confirm, Change, Abort
While conducting the reconnaissance, the SL will have to decide to confirm, change or abort the
plan. This is an ongoing process that is done throughout the LDRS recon of the OBJ area. The SL BEGINS the
confirm, change or abort process from the time that he first Identifies the OBJ area until he moves back to
the ORP to pick up the remainder of the Squad.
Confirm: Confirming the plan means that the plan that the SL came up with and briefed during his
OPORD will work on the ground.
Change: The SL may, however, see the need to change certain parts of his plan that he briefed
during the OPORD because of such things as:
1. the terrain may not support the plan
2. the OBJ grid given to the SL by higher is a site which is unsuitable for conducting an ambush.
For example -- the site is now a clear cut area.
Abort: Lastly, the SL may have to abort; this could be due to the enemy operating around the OBJ
area. If the SL determines that he has to abort, he will extract all personnel on the LDRS recon and move
them back to the ORP where he will contact higher for further guidance.
17. Emplace Surveillance
Once the SL gets in sight of what he believes is the OBJ, he will call the LDRS recon element to a halt.
The SL will move forward with the ATL where they will pinpoint the OBJ. While staying in a covered and
concealed position, they will pull out their maps and compasses to help pinpoint their position and
determine whether or not this is the OBJ. While the SL and the ATL are doing this, the Rifleman and the
Automatic Rifleman will be providing local security.
After the SL and the ATL have determined that this is the OBJ, the SL will identify the center of the
kill zone. The SL needs to consider what he is looking for in a kill zone. First, he must consider that the kill
zone is large enough to accommodate the enemy force yet small enough to effectively cover the kill zone
with the Squad’s weapon systems. Since the SL has determined that the Squad will ambush a smaller
enemy element of approximately 2-5 individuals, he can therefore plan a kill zone that is approximately 25
meters wide. The intelligence regarding the size of the enemy force comes from Higher’s OPORD or from
Coordinations. Planning a kill zone that size will allow some flexibility in engaging the enemy in case the
enemy element is spread out. Next, the SL needs to plan on covering the kill zone with his available
weapon systems four times over. In regards to the assault line, the SL knows he must space out his weapon
systems the length of the kill zone. Additionally, he wants to ensure that each weapon system can achieve
interlocking sectors of fire with the weapon system to the left and right. Since the SL has directed the ATM
AR to join the assault line, the two M249 gunners will be at opposite ends of the assault line IOT set the left
and right limits. Moreover, the SAWs will each cover 50% of the kill zone and their respective sectors of
fire will overlap thus covering 100% of the kill zone between them. Next, each M4 gunner positioned on the
assault line will have interlocking sectors of fire with the Ranger to his left and right covering the kill zone
twice over. Finally, since the Squad’s most casualty producing weapon system is the M240B MG, the SL
needs to ensure that the 240B can cover 100% of the kill zone. When the SL begins his recon of the OBJ, he
knows that he must position the MGTM in such a manner that they can accomplish this. Since the Squad is
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setting in a linear ambush, the MGTM needs to be at the far left or far right side of the assault line
(depending upon the most probable enemy direction of approach).
Once the SL has identified the center of his kill zone, he will then identify a position to emplace the
S/O TM. The S/O position should provide them with cover and concealment yet allow them to observe the
OBJ area, particularly the area around the killzone for any enemy movement. It is also important for the SL
to try and select a position for the S/O TM that is somewhat in-line with the route that the SL will use when
bringing the Assault element up to the OBJ from the RP. This will assist in linking-up the personnel on the
S/O TM with the assault element. When the SL is emplacing the S/O TM, he will position the Automatic
Rifleman facing towards the OBJ and the Rifleman facing away with their feet interlocked in order to utilize
the tap code. Once the SL has emplaced the S/O TM, he will then inform them that their first 5-point
contingency plan is in effect. The ATL and the SL will then begin their recon of the positions for the assault,
support and security elements. Each time that they come within sight of the S/O position, the S/O will give
the SL a “thumbs-up” if everything is still good around their area or a “thumbs-down” if they see or hear
something that is possibly enemy activity.
18. Conduct Recon
(Technique as to what you want to recon for first. This is based on METT-T/C)
Because the Squad’s task is to destroy, the SL will recon for a location to place the element that is
assigned to do that: The Assault element. There are many things the SL needs to identify here. Most
importantly, he will need to assume the prone position at each Ranger’s position to see what that Ranger
will see. The SL is looking for the following: a covered and concealed position; dimensions of the kill zone;
clear fields of fire/sector of fire; an assault lane for each individual Ranger so as not to funnel into the
center of the OBJ; the positions to the left and right; an LOA and ensuring that friendly positions are not in
the back blast of the tentative Claymore position. In regards to the Claymore position, the SL will have to
make sure that he has at a minimum 16 meters of distance between the Claymore’s position and any
friendly positions. As the SL and ATL move around the OBJ, they want to ensure that they use max stealth,
moving from covered and concealed position to covered and concealed position. Additionally, they want to
ensure that they clover-leaf around the OBJ to prevent detection by enemy forces that may be in the area.
The support position is similar with the exception of a couple of factors. First, the MGTM doesn’t
need an assault lane. Secondly, instead of a sector of fire, the SL will need a PDF (Principle Direction of
Fire) for the MG in order to support the assault element while they assault through the kill zone and a
secondary sector of fire for the MG to shift to when the assault element moves across the OBJ and
establishes an LOA. Moreover, the SL needs to ensure that the left or right limit has at least a 15 degree
ricochet factor off of the assault line to prevent fratricide. Third, the SL wants a position where he can
maximize the enfilade fires from the MG. Once the SL is satisfied with the support position, he will recon
for the left and right flank security positions.
When conducting the recon for the security positions, the SL will do this by taking bold bounds
back and away from the LDA so as not to parallel the OBJ. The SL should first recon the security position
that the enemy is most likely to approach from according to Higher’s OPORD or Coordinations.
In regards to the security positions, the SL is looking for a position that has good cover and
concealment, provides early warning and allows the security team to seal off the OBJ from enemy
personnel coming into or out of the kill zone. The SL will determine this location based on his METT-TC
analysis -- Time, Enemy and Terrain. The SL is also looking for a good place to employ the claymore. He
will have to make sure that he has at a minimum 16 meters of distance between the claymore’s position
and any friendly positions. He is also looking for a position that will allow the security position to engage
enemy vehicles with the AT-4. The SL wants a position that allows the AT-4 firer to acquire an oblique
target (Flank and frontal/rear), and that is at least 30 meters away from the firing position to ensure that
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the missile has enough time to arm. Also, the SL needs to ensure that the AT-4’s back-blast is not in the
direction of any friendly elements (90 degree acre for 60 meters). Lastly, the SL needs to determine a route
back to the RP using terrain or an azimuth and distance in order to enable the security position to move
directly back to the RP during the withdrawal.
When the SL is satisfied with one of the security positions, he and the ATL will begin to recon for
the opposite side security position. Enroute, the SL will stop by the S/O TM to get a "thumbs-up". When
reconning for the other security position, the SL is looking for the same characteristics as previously stated.
When the recon is complete, the SL will again stop by the S/O position to get a "thumbs-up" and to
inform them that their second 5-point contingency plan is now in effect.
19. Occupy Security, Support, Assault
The SL and the ATL will then return back to the RP to secure their rucksacks and move back to the
ORP. Prior to leaving the RP to the ORP, the SL will call the BTL on the MBITR and let him know that they
are enroute back to the ORP. This is the far recognition signal and the cue for the BTL to get everyone in
the SHP and into the correct OOM for occupation of the ambush site.
The OOM for occupation is Security (ATM), Support (HQs), followed by Assault (BTM). Once back in
the ORP, the SL will direct the Squad to conduct SLLS as previously described. If there are any changes to
the plan, the SL brief those changes to the TLs and allow the TLs time to disseminate the changes to their
men. Additionally, the SL will spot check those Rangers that he didn't have the opportunity to check before
departing on the recon. At this time, the BTL will give his MBITR to the ATM RM to ensure that the flank
security positions have communications. Once the Squad is ready to move, the BTL will move to the 12
o’clock position in order to count out the Squad.
Again the FOOM to the OBJ will be the modified wedge with security element leading, followed by
the support element and then the assault element. When the Squad arrives at the RP, the ATL will issue the
signal to halt and get into the SHP as will the rest of the element. The Squad will conduct SLLS as
previously described. Once SLLS is complete, the Squad will begin placing their rucksacks, one by one, in
the rucksack plan. The SL will give the BTL T, C and S on how and where he wants the rucksack plan
emplaced. The BTL will direct one man from a team at a time into the center of the RP to emplace their
rucksacks down in the rucksack plan.
Once the SL and ATL have placed their rucksacks in the rucksack plan and the SL has given the BTL
his T, C and S for the rucksack plan, the SL and ATL will move forward to check with the S/O TM to ensure
that nothing has changed on the OBJ. If the S/O TM hasn’t seen any evidence of the enemy around the OBJ
area they will give the SL a “thumbs-up” at that time.
After they have gotten the “thumbs-up” from the S/O TM, the SL and ATL will return to the RP to
start emplacing the security elements.
The SL will give the ATL T, C and S and a time hack for emplacing his security element on the side
that the enemy is most likely to approach from. For example, “ATL, you will have 30 minutes to emplace
security which means that the claymore is out and in place, the AT-4 is ready to fire, and both you and the
Grenadier are camouflaged and prepared to perform your duties as flank security. If you cannot
accomplish this within 30 minutes then you need to inform me by calling me on the MBITR, if you cannot
contact me via the MBITR, return back to the RP to inform me why you cannot be emplaced.” In the event
that the ATL cannot reach the SL via MBITR and the ATL has moved back to the RP to inform the SL, then
the SL needs to move to the ATL’s position, emplace the Grenadier and ATL and spot-check the position.
NOTE: The SL cannot assume that security is in position. Security must be emplaced before any
other elements are emplaced.
While the ATL is emplacing his flank security position, the SL will take the other security team
consisting of the ATM Grenadier and the ATM Rifleman and emplace them at their position. The RTO will
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Squad Ambush
move with the SL as his Ranger Buddy and pull security while the SL emplaces the security position. Once
they get to the security position, the SL will show the Grenadier or the Rifleman where to emplace the
claymore or the SL can simply emplace the claymore himself. Once the claymore is emplaced and the SL
has checked the Grenadier’s AT-4 to ensure that it is ready to fire, the SL will brief the position on their
route back to the RP. Once this is completed, the SL will camouflage them and then he and the RTO will
return back to the RP. Ideally, by the time the SL and the RTO return back to the RP, the ATL should have
called on the MBITR to inform the SL that he is in position (claymore is out, AT-4 prepped and ready to fire
and the position is camouflaged.
Once the SL has verified that security is emplaced, he can begin emplacing the support element.
The OOM for emplacing the support element will be the SL, followed by the AG, followed by the MG,
and then followed the AB (if the Squad has one) and finally the RTO. The RTO will pull local security for the
SL as he emplaces the support element. As the SL moves the support element up into position, he will get a
"thumbs-up" from the S/O TM, then he will move the Support element into position. Once the SL is at the
Support position, he will tell the AG where to emplace the tri-pod and what direction the fires will be
oriented. The AG will put the tripod down, double checking it to ensure that it is still fully extended, then
he will move (roll) to the left side of the tripod. The SL will then call forward the MG. The MG will then
mount the M240B on the tripod with the assistance of the AG. Once the Gun is mounted, the AG will link up
the 500 round belt that he prepared back in the ORP. Once this has been done, the MG will move to the right
of the gun, and the SL will get down behind the M240B. The SL will ensure that the gun is positioned
properly and that there is a 15 degree buffer zone between the left or right limit and any friendly positions.
The SL will then have the MG get behind the gun and the SL will point out to both the MG and the AG (and
AB if applicable) the kill zone, the Principal Direction of Fire (PDF), a secondary sector of fire to shift the
Gun to on the command of “assault” and the LOA.
Lastly, the SL will brief the MGTM on where the other elements will be located in relation to their
position and where the SL will place the claymore. Once all of this is complete, the SL will camouflage the
support position and the SL and RTO will move back to the RP.
Finally, the SL will emplace the assault element. The assault element will file up to the assault
line behind the SL from the RP, using max stealth, moving from covered and concealed position to covered
and concealed position, assuming the SHP each time they halt. The SL will emplace each Ranger one at a
time.
The OOM from the RP will be the SL, the RTO, the BTL, an AR, a RM (and any additional Riflemen
the Squad may have), followed by the other AR. Note: the last two Rangers for the assault line should be
the S/O TM (Rifleman and Automatic Rifleman) which the SL will pick up when he moves the assault from
the RP to the assault line.
The SL will lead the assault element up from the RP to the vicinity of his position near the assault
line, where he will place the RTO down in the LHP, facing to the rear in order to provide rear security as the
SL emplaces the assault element. As the SL moves the assault element up to its position, he will pick up the
S/O personnel.
Once at assault line, the SL will orient the BTL to the area. He will point out the dimensions of the
kill zone, the center of the kill zone, the LOA, the support position, where he, the SL, will be located, and
how far down the road or trail each flank security element is positioned. The SL and the BTL will then
begin emplacing each Ranger, one at a time, in the positions that the SL identified from the LDRS Recon.
As the SL places each Ranger into their individual positions, they will get down in the LHP, and the
SL will show them the dimensions of the kill zone; issue them their sector of fire (the SL needs to ensure
that all the sectors of fire interlock); point out their assault lane; and point out the LOA.
Once at the BTL’s position, the SL will show the BTL his position but both will by-pass in order to
emplace the AR who is the final Ranger on the assault line. At this last position, the SL will issue the BTL T,
C and S for spot-checking the assault line while the SL emplaces the claymore. Additionally, the SL will tell
the BTL that after he has spot-checked the assault line and camouflaged each position, the BTL will move to
the last Ranger’s position on the line, nearest the SL’s position, and wait for for the SL there.
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Squad Ambush
The SL will then move down the line informing each Ranger that he is moving forward of their
positions to emplace the claymore so that the assault line doesn’t accidently shoot the SL. The SL will move
back to his position on the OBJ and inform the RTO the he is moving up to the kill zone to emplace the
claymore. The SL will then tie-off the connector end of the wire to his position and move forward to
emplace the claymore. Once the SL has emplaced and camouflaged the claymore, he will move back to the
RTO’s position and hook up the firing device (the Clacker). The SL will then have the RTO face towards the
OBJ and the SL will hand the RTO the firing device so that the RTO has control of initiating the claymore
while the SL spot-checks the assault line. If enemy personnel move into the kill zone while the SL is spotchecking the assault line, the SL can initiate the ambush by firing his M-4. The SL will give the RTO
guidance to blow the claymore if, and only if, the SL initiates the ambush with his M-4.
By this time the BTL should be done spot-checking and camouflaging his personnel and he should
be waiting for the SL at the last man on the assault line’s position. The SL will spot-check the positions to
ensure that his T, C, and S have been met. When the SL is satisfied, he will place the BTL in his position and
camouflage him.
Once this is done, the SL will move back to his location and secure the claymore’s firing device (the
Clacker) from the RTO and have the RTO face about and pull rear security. The SL will then camouflage the
RTO and himself and get down into the prone with his feet interlocked with the RTO’s in order to utilize the
tap code. While the Squad is waiting for the enemy to approach, the RTO will continue to monitor the
radio and pull rear security
20. Actions on the OBJ
At this point in the operation the left and right flank security’s task is to provide early warning. As
soon as either element observes the enemy they will call the SL on the MBITR and give him a SALT report.
It should sound like this:
“SL, this is left/right side; I have two men, in DCUs, small arms, moving into the kill zone, they
should be there in 30 seconds”.
As soon as the ambush is initiated the left and right side security elements will seal off the OBJ,
destroying any enemy personnel attempting to enter or leave the kill zone.
The primary signal to initiate the ambush will be the detonation of the claymore. If for some
reason the claymore fails to detonate, the alternate signal to initiate will be the SL firing his M4 on burst.
After the signal to initiate has been given, the MGTM will commence firing with a cyclic rate of fire
for 10 seconds, then at a rapid rate of fire for 10 seconds. The AR’s will use the same rates of fire. MG and
AR gunners need to ensure that they control their bursts of fire to stay on target and accurately engage the
enemy. M4 firers will fire on semi-automatic at a rapid rate of fire, firing as many rounds as they can while
maintaining accuracy. If the M240B goes down, the M249 gunners will immediately pick up the rate of fire;
M4 firers will switch to burst.
Once the SL is satisfied that there are no enemy personnel alive in the kill zone, he will give the
signal for cease-fire. The primary signal for cease-fire is one long whistle blast. The alternate signal will be
the verbal command of “CEASE FIRE!” After the command of “cease-fire” is given, the Squad will listen for
sounds or watch movement coming from the OBJ. If after the command of “cease-fire” is given and the
Squad detects no enemy activity in the kill zone, the SL will give the command to assault the OBJ by yelling
“ASSAULT!” If, however, it appears that there is some enemy activity such as moaning, groaning, or
movement in the kill zone that could be a threat, the SL will re-initiate fires into the kill zone with a threeround burst. All personnel will re-initiate with the same rates of fire as previously described. Then the SL
will give the signal for “cease-fire” as previously described.
After each command of “cease-fire”, the BTL will have the assault line place a fresh magazine or
drum in their respective weapons, ensuring that not all Rangers on the assault line are reloading at the
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same time. If, after the second time the Squad has initiated fires into the kill zone and they still detect
movement, the BTL will immediately assault the OBJ.
On that command of “ASSAULT”, the entire assault element, having reloaded, will pick up and begin
to IMT by buddy team up to the last covered and concealed position prior to the kill zone, on the near side
of the road.
Additionally, on the command of “ASSAULT”, the MGTM will shift the gun off of the OBJ to the
secondary sector of fire that the SL gave them when he emplaced them. At this time, the AG will face about
and pull rear security.
Once the BTL has maneuvered his assault element to the last covered and concealed positions prior
to the kill zone/road, he needs to ensure that he has his men online and that they are centered on the
enemy in the kill zone. Then the BTL will continue to assault across the OBJ to the LOA. Once the assault
begins, the BTL needs to ensure that he has accountability of his men and that they stay in their assault
lanes during the assault across the kill zone.
As the assault element moves across the kill zone, they need to have their weapons in the high carry
position and be prepared to fire controlled pairs into any enemy personnel that pose a threat and remove
any weapons from enemy bodies that they come across.
Once the assault element reaches the LOA, the BTL will move from Ranger to Ranger and assign
them hasty sectors of fire as well as gather an ACE report. The Rangers on the ends of the assault line (ARs)
will face out at a 45 degree angle to protect the flanks. Simeultaneoulsy, the SL and RTO will begin to move
to the edge of the road, gaining an ACE report from the MGTM enroute. Moreover, the SL will call the left
and right side security elements in order to gain their ACE reports. Once the BTL has gathered his ACE
report, he will physically move to the SL’s location and give him the ACE report.
After the SL has received the ACE reports, he will call out for the EPW and search team. The
designated EPW and search team will move to the SL’s location. Once there, the SL will give them T, C, and
S on how to clear the OBJ.
For example, “start 20 meters past the last body on the left, move in a zigzag pattern across the OBJ,
covering about 3 meters into the wood line. You will move abreast of each other, each body you come
across, one man will pull security on the body while the other man checks the body to see if they are alive.
If they are alive you will secure them, and call out to me that you have a live one. Whether they are dead or
alive you will check them for booby-traps, and grenades. You will continue to clear the OBJ until you have
gone 20 meters past the last body on the right, then return back to my position”.
Once the EPW and search team has cleared the OBJ, the SL will determine if he needs to call out his
Aid and Litter TM based off the ACE report. If the Squad took casualties, then the SL will call out his Aid and
Litter TM once the OBJ has been cleared. The Aid and Litter TM will report to the SL’s location where he
will proceed to give them T, C, and S for moving any wounded friendly personnel to the casualty collection
point (CCP). A good rule of thumb regarding a CCP for this part of the mission would be to designate the
CCP at the RP since the rucksacks are located there and all of the Squad’s personnel need to make their way
back to the RP following AOO. Based on the number and type of friendly casualties that the Squad
sustained, the SL will have to make a determination as to the amount of time that the Squad can dedicate to
conducting a detailed search for PIR versus the amount of time it will take to conduct CASEVAC procedures.
However, if the Ambush is so deliberately and violently executed there stands to be a good chance
that the Squad will sustain no friendly casualties. Therefore, the SL will not need to call forward his Aid and
Litter TM and he can then give T, C, and S for the EPW and search teams to conduct their search. The SL
will assign one Ranger the code word of “Black” and one Ranger the code word of “Gold.” Additionally, the
SL will assign each Ranger a portion of the OBJ to search and a position to consolidate all the enemy
equipment that they find. The EPW and Search TM will call out what they find during their search of the
OBJ area using the code word assigned to them respectively.
An example is a Rifleman in BTM, who is part of the EPW and Search TM and has been assigned the
code word of “Gold,” finds an enemy AK-47 while searching his portion of the OBJ. The Rifleman will sound
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Squad Ambush
off as such, “Gold…one AK-47”. This system of code words is used to limit the amount of confusion of what
type and numbers of equipment is found on the OBJ.
The RTO will be recording this information as it is called off by the EPW and search team.
Additionally, the RTO will start his stopwatch as soon as the ambush is initiated and he will call off the
amount of time that the Squad has been on the OBJ in one minute increments, starting at three minutes.
Keep in mind that the Squad does not want to spend more than 10 minutes on the OBJ as the enemy can
reinforce within 20 minutes.
Once the EPW and search team has consolidated all enemy weapons and equipment at the point
that the SL designated, he will call for the DEMO team. The DEMO team will report to the SL’s location and
he will give them T, C, and S as to how and where he wants the DEMO prepared to destroy the enemy
equipment. Once the DEMO is prepared, and the safety pins have been removed from the M81 fuse igniters,
the DEMO team will hand the SL the M81s and return back to their positions on the LOA. At this point the
Squad will begin their withdrawal off of the OBJ.
21. Withdrawal
The SL will use the code words of “red, white, and blue” to withdrawal the squad from the OBJ.
The SL will also call the code words over the MBITR to keep the security elements updated on the assault
and support’s withdrawal off the OBJ.
On the command of “red”, the assault element will pull off the OBJ and move back to the RP by
funneling past the SL. Also on “red” the M240B gun will go to the bipod mode. Once at the RP, the BTL will
take charge and establish 360 degree security, get the existing personnel into the SHP with their rucksacks
on their back, and start accounting for personnel. The BTL will be in charge of the RP until the SL returns.
On the command of “white”, the M240B gun team will pull off the OBJ and move to the RP. Once the
MGTM begins moving back to the RP, they will yell out “GUN MOVING”, “GUN MOVING” in order to let the
SL know that the MGTM is actually up and moving towards the RP.
On the command of “blue”, the SL will pull the M81 fuse igniters. Once the SL can see that the time
fuse is burning, he will put the fuse igniters on the ground and call out “BURNING”. At that time, the SL and
the RTO will withdrawal off the OBJ to the RP.
On the command of “blue”, the left and right side security elements will start their stopwatches.
One minute after the security teams hear the charge explode, or two minutes after the command of “blue” is
given, they will recover their claymores and other equipment and pull off the OBJ and move straight back to
the RP. As the security TMs begin moving back toward the RP, they will call the SL via the MBITRs so that
the SL can alert the perimeter that friendly personnel are coming in. Additionally, it might prove necessary
to assist guiding the security elements into the RP with flashes of IR.
22. Security Halt/Account M, W & E
As the elements return to the RP, the leadership will account for men, weapons, and equipment, and
conduct a hasty repack of equipment. Once the Squad has 100% accountability of men, weapons, and
equipment at the RP, the Squad will get into the OOM in order to move out. The OOM will be ATM, followed
by HQs, followed by BTM.
23. Move 1000 meters/Terrain Feature
After the Squad has accounted for MWE, they will move 1000 meters or a major terrain feature
away from the OBJ (METT-T/C dependant) preferably in the direction of the Link-Up site in order to
disseminate information. Once the Squad has moved a major terrain feature or 1,000 meters away, the SL
will issue the ATL the signal/command to halt.
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Squad Ambush
The squad will halt as previously described for periods of GV or LV. When all movement has ceased,
the Squad will conduct SLLS as previously described for both GV and LV.
When SLLS is complete, the SL will issue T, C, and S to the ATL and BTL for placing the men in the
LHP. The SL will, of course, spot check.
24. Disseminate/OPSKED
Once the men are in the LHP, the ATL will ensure security is being maintained by trooping the line.
Meanwhile, the BTL and the RTO along with the SL will begin consolidating the PIR and preparing the
SALUTE report for higher.
During periods of LV, the BTL and the SL will be doing this under the RTO’s poncho and poncho
liner with a red lens flashlight. The PIR will be prepared in the SALUTE format. The RTO will use his
carbon paper when preparing this to make three additional copies of the PIR in the SALUTE format.
If the SL has any doubts as to what PIR was gathered or if the SL is not satisfied, he may elect to pull
either the left or right side security personnel into the center to help prepare the SALUTE report.
When the SALUTE report has been completed, the SL will give the BTL T, C, and S on how he wants
him to disseminate the PIR to his men. Note: When the TL’s disseminate the PIR during GV, they will go to
each man and show them the SALUTE format as well as brief them; however, in periods of LV, the TL’s will
simply brief them the PIR in the SALUTE format. Also, the TL’s need to ensure that every Ranger knows
that a paper copy of the PIR is water-proofed in the left shoulder pocket of the ATL, BTL, the SL, and the
RTO.
The SL will instruct the BTL to start disseminating the PIR to his personnel at the 3 o’clock position
and moving in a clockwise manner through the 6 o’clock to the 9 o’clock position. Then the SL will pull the
ATL into the center and issue him the same T, C, and S for dissemination of the PIR that the SL gave to the
BTL with the exception that he will begin disseminating at the 9 o’clock to the 12 o’clock to the 3 o’clock
positions.
Before the TLs are sent out to disseminate the information to their teams, the SL will get a brief
back and issue a time hack. When the TL’s are done disseminating the PIR and have returned to the center
of the perimeter, the SL will go and spot check the the Squad in order to ensure that every Ranger knows
the SALUTE report. If the SL is not satisfied, he will re-issue his T, C and S and the TLs will go back out and
disseminate the PIR. The Squad will do this until the SL feels that his T, C, and S have been met or the SL
can simply have the RTO make enough additional copies of the PIR so that each Ranger has a copy of the
PIR in the SALUTE format, waterproofed in the left shoulder pocket of his ACU top.
When the SL is satisfied that every Ranger knows the information, he will have the RTO call in the
OPSKED to higher for mission complete.
25. Compromise Plan
At any time during this operation the Squad can make contact with the enemy. If the Squad is
compromised while the entire squad is together, whether moving or at a halt, the SL will make the
determination to either conduct a squad attack or break contact.
If any element is separated from the Squad such as during the recon of the ORP or while conducting
the Recon of the OBJ, they will react to contact in accordance with the 5-point contingency plan that the SL
will give them on the ground.
If the Squad is compromised while moving the support or assault elements into position meaning
the security elements are already in position, the Squad will execute a hasty attack. The Squad will get
down oriented towards the OBJ and return fire. Then, depending on the outcome of the contact, the SL will
decide to either continue executing the hasty attack or break contact.
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Squad Ambush
If the security (either left or right) is compromised or if the enemy reinforces, the security teams
will blow their claymore mines and break contact straight back to the RP. They will call the contact over
the radio so that the assault element, support element and the other security team will know to break
contact and move back to the RP.
Once there, the Squad will pick up rucksacks, get 100% accountability of men, weapons, and
equipment and move 1,000 meters or a major terrain feature away then call higher for further guidance.
Rangers this concludes your class for actions on the OBJ ambush. What are your questions?
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Reference: SH 21-76; pg 7-20
JULY 2014
SQUAD PATROL BASE
“A Squad Patrol Base is a security perimeter that is set up when an element conducting a patrol halts for an extended period.”
GL__________
TF__________
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
SECURITY HALT
SHORT HALT POSTURE
SLLS/PINPOINT
LONG HALT
STRONG POINT 10, 2, 4, 8, MG TM
SPOT CHECK
SECURITY PLAN
A. SECTOR SKETCH
B. CLAYMORES
C. M240 RANGE CARD
D. ALERT PLAN
E. COMPRIMISE PLAN/FIRES
PLAN
F. RE-SUPPLY/DX LIST
G. PATROL BASE ACTIVITIES
OPSKED
N
GL__________
OCCUPATION PLAN
TF__________
SQUAD PATROL BASE USES
___________AG
•AVOIDING DETECTION FOR AN EXTENDED
PERIOD OF TIME BY ELIMINATING MOVEMENT.
MG___________
•TO HIDE DURING A LONG DETAILED RECON.
__________RM
RM____________
ATL_______
__________AR
GR__________
•TO PERFORM PRIORITIES OF WORK SUCH AS:
WEAPONS AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE AND
TO EAT AND REST.
•TO PLAN & ISSUE ORDERS.
•TO ESTABLISH A BASE FROM WHICH TO
EXECUTE SEVERAL CONSECUTIVE /
CONCURRENT OPERATIONS.
_______RTO
•TO REORGANIZE AFTER INFILTRATING AN
ENEMY AREA.
SL________
PRIORITIES OF WORK
9. SECURITY (continuous)
10. WEAPONS MAINTENANCE
A. WPNS/NODS/COMMO (50%
SEC) (GV/LV) (ONEs & TWOs)
11. PERSONAL HYGIENE (50% SEC)
12. CHOW PLAN (50% SEC)
13. REST PLAN (33-50% SEC)
14. STAND-TO PROCEDURES
A. 30 MINS PRIOR TO BMNT
B. 100% ALERT
15. FIELD PLANNING/TLPs
A. TLPs
B. WARNO
C. TACTICAL RESUPPLY
D. COORDINATIONS
E. OPORD
F. REHEARSALS
BTL________
CHARACTERISTICS
_________ RM
_____________GR
RM__________
•EASILY DEFENDABLE
AR______________
•AWAY FROM NATURAL LINES OF DRIFT
•AWAY FROM AVENUES OF APPROACH
•PROVIDES NO TACTICAL VALUE TO ENEMY
•PROVIDES COVER & CONCEALMENT FROM
GROUND & AIR
•NEAR WATER SOURCE
COMMO PLAN
GL__________
TF__________
•ATL: MBITR
•SL: MBITR
•BTL: MBITR
•RTO: PRC-119
Squad Patrol Base Narrative
29 July 2014
Introduction
Good morning/afternoon Rangers, I am SFC/SSG___________ and I will
be your Primary Instructor for your next period of instruction, which is on the
Squad Patrol Base(SPB).
NOTE: You can have Ranger reference the Patrol Base information in their
Ranger Handbooks beginning on page 7-20. You will see that in the information
on a Patrol Base in the Ranger Handbook, you are provided a general idea of
what has to happen in a SPB, but not with the specific details of how to establish
it.
Rangers, after this period of instruction you should have a much better
understanding of how to establish a SPB, as well as conduct patrol base
activities.
A Patrol Base is a security perimeter that is set up when a squad or
platoon conducting a patrol halts for an extended period. Patrol bases should not
be occupied for more than a 24 hour period (exept in emergency). A patrol never
uses the same patrol base location twice.
A Squad Patrol Base is used for:
1. Avoiding detection by eliminating movement.
2. To hide during a long detailed reconnaissance.
3. To rest and conduct priorities of work such as weapons and equipment
maintenance.
4. To plan & issue orders.
5. To establish a base from which to execute several
consecutive/concurrent operations.
6. To reorganize after infiltrating an enemy area.
Transition to Annex Example
Rangers while here in the Benning Phase of Ranger School you will be
conducting SBP activities. As you progress through Ranger School you will
conduct Platoon level Patrol Bases in the Mountain and Florida phases.
After your OPORD, you must have a Patrol Base annex (RHB 2-18)
anytime that your squad is establishing a SPB.
Orient/ Familiarize Board
Let me orient/familiarize you to my board,
1
NOTE: Point out each portion as you discuss it. At the top right hand
corner of my board I have the north-seeking arrow, which orients us to the
ground. On the bottom right portion of the board we have the communication
plan and the characteristics of a good SPB. At the center I have our SPB which
is located at grid GL_________. The terrain feature there is a _________. On
the top left portion and bottom right portion of my boards are location examples
of my Black and Gold rally points, which can be identified by terrain feature and
grid location. Finally, on the left of the board there are several administrative
notes used to assist me in putting out all necessary information. As you can see
my board is color-coded and personalized, with the lead fire team in blue, the HQ
in yellow and the trail fire team in green.
1. Characteristics
The six (6) characteristics of a good SPB that I will be looking for:
1. Easily defendable for a short period of time.
2. Away from natural lines of drift.
3. Away from high-speed avenues of approach.
4. Provide good cover and concealment from the ground and air.
5. Provide little or no tactical value to the enemy.
6. Located near a POTABLE water source.
Once the SL finds an area that meets all or most of these characteristics,
the SL will signal the ATL to halt the squad.
2. Security Halt/Short Halt Posture
The ATL will issue the hand and arm signal to halt, he will then move to
the next available cover and concealment, then assume a good Short Halt
Posture (SHP) ensuring that they establish 360 degree security. Notice when
occupied the SPB is cigar shaped.
3. SLLS/Pinpoint
Once the entire squad has moved into the SPB and halted, the SL will
then spot-check the perimeter to ensure that there is 360-degree security
established, he does this by making sure tha his positions have inter-locking
sectors of fire at a minimal distance of 35 meters.
The Squad will then conduct SLLS. During good visibility the SL will issue
the hand and arm signal to initiate SLLS, during hours of limited visibility the SL
will issue task, conditions and standards to his team leaders on how and when to
initiate SLLS. SLLS will last for 3-5 minutes or until the SL deems that it has been
conducted successfully.
Once SLLS is complete, the SL and ATL will then pinpoint their location on
the map. Once the Squad’s location is confirmed, if the SL is not satisfied with
2
the area (for example the SL realizes that it does not provide enough cover and
concealment from the ground and air for the entire Squad) the SL can move the
SPB to a more suitable location.
Keep in mind, if the Squad needs to move to a more suitable site, the SL
needs to report this to the PL/Higher as briefed in the OPORD.
4. Strongpoint 10-2-4-8 MG Tm
At this time the SL issues his ATL and BTL Tasks, Conditions and
Standards to include a time hack for placing their men in the SPB and strongpointing the 10-2-4 and 8 o'clock positions; however the SL may decide to
rearrange the placement of weapon systems based off METT-TC analysis to
better cover any dead space and/or avenues of approach into the SPB.
5. Spot check Perimeter
Once the ATL and BTL have emplaced all of their men in the SPB they will
return to the SL’s position in the center of the perimeter. At that time the SL will
spot-check the entire perimeter to ensure that his Task, Conditions and
Standards have been met. Even if the SL emplaced the Machine Gun Team, he
will still spot-check their position. If his Task, Conditions and Standards are not
met, the SL will reissue them. The ATL and BTL will continue to execute this task
until the SL’s standards are successfully met.
6. Security Plan/OPSKED
Once the SL is satisfied that his squad is in the long halt posture, he will
send up his OPSKED that the Patrol Base is occupied. At this time the TL’s will
begin conducting the priorities of work in accordance with the SL’s guidance.
Priorities of work are not a laundry list of tasks to be completed; to be effective,
priorities of work must consist of a task, a given time, and a measurable
performance standard. For each priority of work, a clear standard must be
issued to guide the element in the successful accomplishment of each task. It
must also be designated whether the work will be controlled in a centralized or
decentralized manner. Priorities of work are determined IAW METT-TC. There
are several priorities of work that the SL has to accomplish, however, there are
three that he must do prior to sending his OPSKED up to higher.
1. Security Plan
The Securtity Plan is the most important priority of work and no other priorities
can be achieved until it is complete. Remember that security is an ongoing
process. Some security measures to be taken into consideration during your
plan are:
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
The use of passive and active measures to cover the entire
perimeter all of the time regardless of the percentage of weapons
used to cover that terrain.
 Assign sectors of fire to all personnel and weapons .
 Develop squad sector sketches to include range card.
The SL will issue task, conditions and standards to the ATL to develop the
security plan. The ATL will move around the perimeter moving from position to
position developing the squad sector sketch. The ATL will ensure that all
positions have interlocking sectors of fire with the positions to their left and right
at a mimimum distance of 35 Meters. The Gun Team Leader will construct a
field expedient range card for the machine gun team, which will be inspected for
accuracy by the ATL. The BTL will move back towards the initial direction of
entry into the SPB and emplace at least one claymore to cover dead space. The
BTL will also ensure that all claymore mine positions are annotated on the sector
skectch. Once complete the ATL will hand off his sketch to the SL who will spot
check. During this time, the SL also comes up with the Black and Gold rally
points (alternate patrol bases) and disseminates the grids and terrain features for
each of these to his TL’s. While the TL’s were compiling the Security Plan the SL
and RTO will be coming up with the following two plans:
2. Alert Plan
The Alert plan is the plan on how to alert the Squad when you are pulling
security and you see enemy movement to your front. The Squad Leader will
move to the location on the perimeter that initially spotted the enemy and assess
the situation. Everyone will wake up and quietly move to their positions and be
prepared to take all commands from the Squad Leader.
During periods of Limited Visibility (LV), you will be pulling security with
NODS on; therefore you will look back towards the center of the perimeter and
give a series of IR flashes as well as use of FM comms to gain the attention of
the leadership in the center.
During periods of Good Visibility (GV), maintain tactical discipline by
minimizing any sudden movements or sounds and attempt to gain the attention
of the remainder of the squad via FM, or hand and arm signals.
3. Withdrawal Plan
The Withdrawal plan is how the SL plans to control the Squad’s exit from
the SPB in the event the squad becomes compromised. If compromised, the SL
will quickly assess the situation and conduct the appropriate Battle Drill, either
Squad Attack or Break contact. If he feels that he needs to withdraw from the
SPB, he will designate one element to be the Support by Fire (SBF) element. He
will also verbalize which of the two rally points (Black or Gold previously
designated ) that the squad will move to. The SBF element will stay in the SPB
to suppress the enemy IOT allow the remainder of the Squad to execute the
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withdrawl plan. Once the rest of the Squad has broken contact the SBF element
will break contact in buddy teams and move to the appropriate rally point, Black
or Gold (alternate Patrol Base) with the rest of the Squad.
After the SL briefs the RTO, The SL will go out on the perimeter and begin
disseminating the info to the TLs and spot checking the squad to ensure the
information was passed on. Again, the SL will ensure that every man knows the
following:
1. Alert Plan
2. Withdrawl Plan
3. Their Position’s Sector of Fire
Once the TLs have completed their assigned tasks the SL will spot-check
their work to ensure that his Task, Conditions and Standards have been met. If
he is not satisfied, the SL will continue to re-issue the Task, Conditions and
Standards and spot-check until successfully met. Once satisfied, the squad will
move on to the other priorities of work.
7. Priorities of Work
The first Priority of Work (POW) is establishing the security plan, which
we have already accomplished. Next we will conduct maintenance. (to include
equipment, such as NODS and COMMO). Rangers the Squad Leader will decide
based off his assessment of the squads equipment if we will do weapons
separate from COMMO and NODS, or he may decide to conduct Weapons,
COMMO, and NODS at the same time.
Understand that all priorities of work will be centralized, this means that
the entire Squad will conduct the same priority of work, at the same time, and
will not continue to the next task until all Squad members have completed the
current priority of work to standard. The control measure for this is the Squad
Leader.
Also while the SQD is doing their POW’s the RTO will dig the Slit Trench,
the Slit Trench will be 1 Etool in depth, 2 Etools in length and 1 Helmet wide.
(Emphasize) The SL will determine the sequence of the priorities of work
and the standards for each. The SL will base this off of the status of men,
weapons, equipment, and mission requirements.
Priorities of Work will not be conducted on the perimeter. They will be
conducted three to five meters from your position behind cover and
concealment. You will also keep yourself and your equipment prepared to move
out at a moments notice. Only pull out the equipment you need to conduct the
priority of work you are doing. When you have completed that task your
equipment will be packed back up and ready to move out.
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NOTE: You must describe in detail the standards of how to conduct the
priorities of work during periods of Good and Limited Visibility. However you have
two options on how to brief this:
Option One: Brief the standards for both Good Visibility and Limited
Visibility for each priority of work up front as you describe each priority of work.
This narrative is written in this manner.
Option Two: Brief the priorities of work in Limited Visibility first, as 90% of
the SPB will be established during Limited Visibility. Then after you have talked
through first light procedures, you must then talk through the standards for the
priorities of work in Good Visibility.
Weapons
During periods of Limited Visibility (LV) weapons will not be completely
disassembled, they will be wiped down and have a light coat of oil placed on the
inside. You can “shotgun” your weapons but do not remove the bolts or other
components.
During periods of Good Visibility (GV) weapons will be disassembled and
cleaned free of all dust, rust, dirt, and carbon, then a light coat of oil will be
placed on the weapon both inside and out. Understand that while in the field
environment your weapon will never be disassembled further than the “shotgun”
configuration.
The first weapon that will perform maintenance is the M240B. While the
M240B is off the line, the Squad will be at 100% alert; one (1) M249 will replace
the M240B when it comes off, and all positions will be manned. The SL will have
the Team Leaders move out to their side of the perimeter to monitor their
positions. Once the M240B is off of the tripod, it will move 3-5 meters behind its
position and begin conducting maintenance.
While the Gunner is cleaning the gun, the SL will have the Assistant
Gunner (AG)wipe down and oil the tripod, this is the only priority of work that will
be done on the line, as the gun has already been laid in, therefore we cannot
move the tripod.
As the AG wipes down the tripod he must maintain noise and light
discipline. Again the remainder of the Squad will be at 100% alert, and the
positions to the left and right of the gun will be pulling security for the gun team
as their sectors of fire interlock at 35 meters in front of the gun.
Once the M240B has been cleaned to standard, and is back on the line,
the Squad will then continue on to maintenance of its other weapons systems.
From this point on in our priorities of work we will use the “ones” and
“twos” technique. This is how it will work:
The man on the left side of every two man position will be a “one”. The
man on the right side of every two man position will be a “two”.
The SL will issue the Task, Conditions, and Standards for the priority of
work, we are conducting. Then the SL will tell the Team Leaders to pull their
number “ones” off the line and give a time standard.
For example, “Team Leaders we are conducting weapons maintenance;
your men will have 10 minutes per man, pull your number “ones” now”.
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The Team Leaders will then move out to the perimeter and pull their
number “ones”; again this is the men on the left side of each two man position.
The Team Leaders will pull them off the perimeter and have them conduct
weapons maintenance. Team Leaders will remain on the line ensuring security is
being maintained during the duration of weapons maintenance. Notice in this
example the SL gave a time standard of 10 minutes. At the end of the 10
minutes, whether the men were completed with the priority of work or not, they
will be back on the line pulling security, weapons locked and loaded and on safe.
The Team Leaders must ensure that their men are back on the perimeter pulling
security by the end of the 10 minutes. After the “ones” are back on the line, the
Team Leaders will return to the SL’s position and report that their “ones” are back
on the line and the Team Leaders will tell the SL the names of any of their men
that have not completed the task to standard and what their deficiencies are. The
SL will at that time tell the Team Leaders to pull their number “two’s”. The Team
Leaders will move out to the perimeter and pull their “twos” applying the same
Task, Conditions and Standards as they did for the number “ones”. Again
whatever time standard the SL put out will be strictly enforced. After the “twos”
are complete the Team Leaders will return to the SL’s location and report any
deficiencies. The SL will at that time go out to the perimeter and spot check the
personnel. If additional time is needed for the priority of work to get completed to
the SL’s standards, then he will reissue task, Conditions and Standards to the
Team Leaders and he will continue to do this until the task is completed.
After Weapons Maintenance is completed the Squad will move on to the
next Priority of Work, again using the system of “ones” and “twos”:
NODS/COMMO
Nods and Commo equipment; during periods of Limited Visibility (LV) the
Squad will ensure that they are dry and are operational, change the batteries if
needed and ensure that they are properly tied down. For the NODS the Squad
will ensure that they mount properly to the applicable mount. Commo equipment
will be waterproofed.
During periods of Good Visibility (GV) you will take the additional steps to
ensure that all of the connections are cleaned, and that the Nods and Commo
are free of dirt and debris both inside and out.
Once NODS and Commo are complete the next Priority of Work the
Squad conducts is Personal Hygiene, again using the system of “ones” and
“twos”:
Personal Hygiene
During Limited Visibility (LV) the Squad will not do a lot for hygiene.
NOTE: All Rangers will brush teeth, wash face, shave wash hands, armpits,
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groin, feet(to include re-powdering and change of socks) and put on one
piece of snivel gear in inclement weather.
During Good Visibility (GV) everyone will shave and re-camouflage.
Depending on the condition of the men and how long they have been operating,
the SL may have the men take more time and go into a more thorough personal
hygiene plan. For example, the SL might have them change into clean ACU’S.
Remember Rangers, the SL will not allow Rangers to pull all of their
equipment out of the rucksack at once, you must be prepared to move at any
time. For example, if you are changing socks you will only have one boot off at a
time.
Once Personal Hygiene is complete the next Priority of Work the Squad
will conduct is Chow, again using the system of “ones” and “twos”:
Chow
Chow in the SPB will be a controlled and organized event; the Squad will
pull out one item at a time, eat that item and place the trash back inside the MRE
container. The Squad will pack all trash within their rucksacks. DO NOT BURY
IT, animals will dig it back up exposing the squad’s presence in the area to
enemy personnel.The time standard for chow must be strictly enforced by the
TLs to allow all personnel adequate time for chow. Understand men that chow in
the Clandestine Patrol Base is for nourishment, not enjoyment.
After Chow has been completed the Squad will move on to the Rest Plan.
Rest Plan
The condition of the men, the tactical situation and the amount of time
available to conduct the Rest Plan are some of the factors that the SL will use to
determine whether the Squad is at 50% or 33% security during our Rest Plan.
The Squad will not go any lower than 33% alert during our Rest Plan.
For a rest plan, at 50% alert, the Squad will maintain at least one man at
each position manning that position’s key weapon system. For example the
weapons that will be manned are the M240B Machine Gun, the M249’s and the
M320’s, as well as the claymore mines. Once the Squad begins the rest plan, the
SL will determine the amount of time each shift will pull to allow every member of
the Squad an equal amount of rest.
To conduct the Squad’s rest plan at 33% alert the M240B and M249s, at
a minimum, must be manned. The SL will have the Team Leaders adjust the
perimeter to ensure that the Squad maintains 360-degree security at 33%. Again
the M240B and M249s must be manned. Additionally, one leader will be awake
at all times. Either the Squad Leader or one of the Team Leaders will be awake,
monitoring the radio and ensuring that security on the perimeter is being
maintained.
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Rangers, anytime that you are pulling security in a SPB you will be in
uniform. You will have your complete uniform on, to include boots and LCE.
You will have your weapon at the ready, Pulling security in your assigned sector
of fire. In periods of Limited Visibility (LV) you will have your helmet on your
head and you will use NODS while pulling security.
Stand-To Procedures
The Squads rest plan will end 30 minutes prior to the Beginning of
Morning Nautical Twilight (BMNT).
At 30 minutes prior to BMNT the Squad will be at 100% alert. Rucksacks
will be packed up and all will be prepared to move. Stand-to will last for one hour
starting 30 minutes prior to BMNT and end 30 minutes after BMNT.
After Stand-to is complete adjustments to the perimeter will be made in
order to ensure our security positions make the most sense during daylight
conditions. If the terrain during doesn’t provide the most suitable conditions the
perimeter may be modified, based off of the charecteristics of the patrol base.
Planning/TLPs
Once the SL has readjusted the perimeter, all priorities of work will start
again only at this time it will be during periods of Good Visibility (GV).
This is starting with the security plan (sector sketches) all the way to the
rest plan if time permits.
NOTE: If you have not briefed the standards for the priorities of work in Good
Visibility (GV), do so at this point in your brief.
Tactical Resupply
At any time during Priorities of Work or during the field planning process
the Squad may need to conduct re-supply operations to include a water resupply. The SL will have the BTL take charge of any re-supply operation. The
BTL will determine the number of personnel he needs to take with him based off
the quantity/amount of supplies he is picking up.
To move the supplies, the BTL will take empty rucksacks with his element.
The BTL will have the Rangers going with him on the re-supply empty their
rucksacks into waterproof bags, and then consolidate the waterproof bags in the
center of the SPB. The BTL should use rucksacks to move supplies in the event
that he makes contact with the enemy. The rucksacks will allow all Rangers
tasked for the resupply to react to the contact and have a better chance of
returning with the supplies.
Summary
Rangers, this concludes your block of instruction on SPB. What are your
questions at this time?
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