Disaster and Mental health
November 1904
History of Mental Health in The
Philippines
Sa previous reports nalaman na nat
The Pre-Spanish era
There was not much information available
regarding the phenomenon of mental
illness, more so how it was managed.
The Spanish era
1521-1898
Mental illness and conditions manifesting
with aberrant thinking and behavior were
attributed to religious factors and
supernatural forces.
The Insane Department of San Lazaro
Hospital
The establishment of the country’s first ever
hospital unit specifically dedicated for the
mentally ill.
1918
City Sanitarium at San Juan del Monte
Another psychiatric institution established.
Filipino physicians were sent to Harvard
University for training in psychiatry, which at
that time was merged with the neurology
training program.
December 18, 1928
Insular Psychopathic Hospital
Management-wise, these supposed
mentally ill individuals were brought to
churches for purification and exorcism.
The first hospital exclusively dedicated for
the treatment of patients afflicted with
mental and nervous disorders.
Hospicio de San Jose 1782
Concurrent with the development of
hospitals for the mentally ill was the
evolution of training programs in psychiatry
under the various medical institutions.
The first ever institutional care of the
mentally ill and the first Roman Catholic
social welfare.
The American Regime
1898 to 1946
A good number of hospitals were
established.
The Japanese Occupation
With the eruption of World War II, the
progress of psychiatry in the country was
placed into a halt.
Treatment-wise, electroconvulsive therapy
became the foremost therapeutic modality
using antiquated Japanese apparatus.
The era of Liberation
Subsequent to the end of World War II,
there was an extensive expansion and
rehabilitation of the existing psychiatric
facilities together with the subsequent
training of the workforce.
Mental Health Act of 1989
Senator Orlando
Executive Order 470 1998
National Health Mental Policy 2001
Dr. Manuel Dayrit
July 1946
An act Establishing a National Mental
Health Policy
the National Psychopathic Hospital was
renamed National Mental Hospital (NMH)
and with financial aid from its benefactors.
Philippine Mental Health Act of 2017
(Senate Bill 1354)
Senator Risa Hontiveros
In 1946
the Victoriano Luna General Hospital
established its own 100-bed
neuropsychiatric unit.
In 1945
the University of the Philippines College of
Medicine started to teach psychiatry as a
subject, then conducted by a professor of
anatomy and neuroanatomy, Marciano
Limson.
In 1964,
The Department of Psychiatry was
established as a separate unit while
Neurology remained as a section under the
Department of Medicine.
Republic Act 11036 2018
Philippine Mental Health Law
The first mental health act legislation in the
history of the Philippines.
“Kasama tayo sa laban para sa mental
health.” – Lim Madera
Disposition (end the contact and plan a
follow-up)
Disposition (consideration of next steps,
including the need for facilitation of access
to continued care as well as follow-up)
SOC PSYCH
Need to belong A motivation to bond with
others in relationships that provide ongoing,
positive interactions.
What Leads to Friendship and Attraction?
-Does absence make the heart grow fonder?
Or is someone who is out of sight also out of
mind?
-Is it likes that attract? Or opposites?
-How much do good looks matter?
-What has fostered your close relationships?
Proximity
Geographical nearness. Proximity (more
precisely, “functional distance”) powerfully
predicts liking.
Interaction
Interaction enables people to explore their
similarities, to sense one another’s liking, and
to perceive themselves as part of a social unit
(Arkin & Burger, 1980).
Anticipation of Interaction
Proximity enables people to discover
commonalities and exchange rewards. But
merely anticipating interaction also boosts
liking.
Mere-exposure effect
The tendency for novel stimuli to be liked
more or rated more positively after the rater
has been repeatedly exposed to them.
Implicit egotism: We like what we associate
with ourselves.
Physical Attractiveness
Appearance does matter. Looks are a great
asset.
Attractiveness and Dating
A young woman’s physical attractiveness is a
moderately good predictor of how frequently
she dates, and a young man’s attractiveness is
a modestly good predictor of how frequently
he dates (Berscheid & others, 1971; Krebs &
Adinolfi, 1975; Reis & others, 1980, 1982;
Walster & others, 1966).
[insert table]
Matching phenomenon
The tendency for men and women to choose
as partners those who are a “good match” in
attractiveness and other traits.
[insert comic]
The Physical Attractiveness Streotype
The presumption that physically attractive
people possess other socially desirable traits
as well: What is beautiful is good.
Who is Attractive?
Attractiveness is whatever the people of any
given place and time find attractive.
Evolution and Attraction
They assume that beauty signals biologically
important information: health, youth, and
fertility.
-Males he prefer youthful female
characteristics that signify reproductive
capacity.
-Women to favor male traits that signify an
ability to provide and protect resources.
Social Comparison
Although our mating psychology has
biological wisdom, attraction is not all
hardwired. What’s attractive to you also
depends on your comparison standards.
Contrast effect
After viewing a superattractive person of the
same gender, people rate themselves as
being less attractive than after viewing a
homely person (Brown & others, 1992;
Thornton & Maurice, 1997).
Attractiveness of those we love
Not only do we perceive attractive people as
likable, we also perceive likable people as
attractive. Perhaps you can recall individuals
who, as you grew to like them, became more
attractive.
Love sees loveliness.
Similarity versus Complementarily
Do birds together flock together?
Likeness begets liking
They found that the more similar someone’s
attitudes are to your own, the more likable
you will find the person.
When others think as we do, we not only
appreciate their attitudes but also make
positive inferences about their character
(Montoya & Horton, 2004).
Dissimilarity breeds dislike?
We have a bias—the false consensus bias—
toward assuming that others share our
attitudes. Getting to know someone—and
discovering that the person is actually
dissimilar—tends to decrease liking (Norton &
others, 2007).
Do opposites attract?
Complementarity
The popularly supposed tendency, in a
relationship between two people, for each to
complete what is missing in the other.
Liking those who likes us
Those told that certain others like or admire
them usually feel a reciprocal affection
(Berscheid & Walster, 1978).
Attribution
If praise clearly violates what we know is true.
Ingratiation
The use of strategies, such as flattery, by
which people seek to gain another’s favor.
Self-Esteem and Attraction
Elaine Hatfield (Walster, 1965) wondered if
another’s approval is especially rewarding
after we have been deprived of approval,
much as eating is most rewarding when we’re
hungry.
Gaining another's Esteem
As a relationship ripens toward greater
intimacy, what becomes increasingly
important is authenticity—our ability to give
up trying to make a good impression and
begin to reveal things about ourselves that
are honest even if unsavory. . . . If two people
are genuinely fond of each other, they will
have a more satisfying and exciting
relationship over a longer period of time if
they are able to express both positive and
negative feelings than if they are completely
“nice” to each other at all times. (p. 323)
Relationship Rewards
We are attracted to those we find it satisfying
and gratifying to be with. Attraction is in the
eye (and brain) of the beholder.
Reward theory of Attraction
The theory that we like those whose behavior
is rewarding to us or whom we associate with
rewarding events.