LESSON 1: IN THE BEGINNING (Big Bang Theory and Formation of the Light Elements) CONTENT CONTENT STANDAR D PERFORMANC E STANDARD LEARNING COMPETENCIES How the elements found in the universe were formed At the end of the lesson, you will be able to demonstrate an understanding of: 1.the formation of the elements during the Big Bang and during stellar evolution 2.the distribution of the chemical elements and the isotopes in the universe At the end of the quarter, you will able to make a creative representation of the historical development of the atom or the chemical element in a timeline At the end of the lesson, you will have to give evidence for and explain the formation of the light PHYSICAL SCIENCE It is a branch of natural science that studies non-living systems, in contrast to life science. It in turn has many branches, each referred to as a "physical science", together called the "physical sciences". CHEMISTRY KEY TERMS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Cosmology Big Bang theory/Big Bang model Nucleosynthesis Singularity Inflation Annihilation Recombination Redshift Relative abundance Cosmic microwave background – → is a branch of astronomy that involves the origin and evolution of the universe, from the Big Bang to today and on into the future. through which specific groups of elements were formed 1. Big bang nucleosynthesis formed the light elements (H, He, and Li). 2. Stellar formation and evolution formed the elements heavier than Be to Fe. 3. Stellar explosion , or supernova, formed the elements heavier than Fe. → explains how the elements were initially formed the formation of different elements involved many nuclear reactions, including fusion, fission and radioactive decay → part of its proof is the amounts of H and He we have in the universe today. → a point in space and/or a moment in time where the universe was infinitely hot and dense → is a theory of exponential expansion of space in the early universe. The inflationary −36 epoch lasted from 10 seconds. → is the process that creates new atomic nuclei from pre-existing nucleons, primarily protons and neutrons. → refers to the epoch at which charged electrons and protons first became bound to form electrically neutral hydrogen atoms. → in physics, reaction in which a particle and its antiparticle collide and disappear, releasing energy. → the displacement of spectral lines toward longer wavelengths (the red end of the spectrum) in radiation from distant galaxies and celestial objects. → is electromagnetic radiation left over from an early stage of the universe in Big Bang cosmology. → is electromagnetic radiation left over from an early stage of the universe in Big Bang cosmology. ACTIVITY BEFORE and AFTER INFLATION ACTIVITY Instructions: 1) Stick small stickers randomly on the surface of the uninflated balloon. 2) Quickly inflate the balloon with a pump or your breath. 3) Observe the stickers. ACTIVITY Answer the following questions: • Why do the stickers appear to be moving away from each other? • Are the stickers moving across the balloon? • Do the stickers themselves grow in size? → are the smallest unit of matter that have all the properties of an element. They composed of smaller subatomic particles as protons, neutrons, and electrons. → indicates the number of protons in an atom. In a neutral atom, number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. → is equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons. → refer to atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses. → which are positively or negatively charged particles, have the same number of protons in different number of electrons. References: • Santiago, K.. et. Al (2016). Exploring Life Though Science Series: Senior High School Physical Science. Phoenix Publishing House. • Teaching Guide for Senior High School: Physical Science. CHED in collaboration with PNU. •Photo credits: various internet websites Disclaimer: The photos used in this slideshow presentation is not owned by the author and were just used for educational purposes only. ACTIVITY: TRUE OR FALSE MATERIALS NEEDED: NOTEBOOK AND PEN TRUE OR FALSE 1. Ions have different number of protons and different number of electrons. TRUE OR FALSE 2. The Big Bang Theory states that the universe was formed about 10 billion years ago. TRUE OR FALSE 3. Isotopes are atoms with the same atomic number and same atomic masses. TRUE OR FALSE 4. Astronomy is a branch of science that involves the origin and evolution of the universe. TRUE OR FALSE 5. Inflation a point in space and/or a moment in time where the universe was infinitely hot and dense. TRUE OR FALSE 6. Inflation a point in space and/or a moment in time where the universe was infinitely hot and dense. TRUE OR FALSE 7. Singularity is a theory of exponential expansion of space in the early universe. The inflationary epoch lasted from 10−36 seconds. TRUE OR FALSE 8. Singularity is a theory of exponential expansion of space in the early universe. The inflationary epoch lasted from 10−36 seconds. TRUE OR FALSE 9. Atomic Number is equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons. TRUE OR FALSE 10. Particles are the smallest unit of matter.