Physics summary
Hypothesis: a prediction to answer the problem or
question.
Experiment: a procedure to test the hypothesis.
Quantitative: a description that do not include
measurement. (no numbers)
Qualitative: a description that include measurement.
Independent variable: part of the experiment that the
scientist changes.
Dependent variable: change when independent variable
changes.
Model: an attempt to explain what is going on after
analyzing the data
Scientific law: specific, conclusive statement about nature.
(Proven)
Scientific theory: an explanation of nature which has been
tested so many times
Fundamental quantity: cannot be derived in terms of
other quantities.
Derived quantities: units are combined of 7 basic ones
Frame of reference: a system for specifying the precise
location of objects in space and time.
Displacement: the length of straight line from the initial
position to the object’s final position.
Average velocity: the displacement divided by the time
interval during which the displacement occurred.
Instantaneous velocity: the velocity of an object at some
instant or at a specific point in the object’s path.
Speed: is the same as velocity but without direction.
Acceleration: is the rate of change of velocity with respect
to time.
Free falling object: object that falls under the influence of
gravity only.
length
Cm to m = 100 , m to km =1000 , m to mm = x 1000
cm to mm = x 10 , m to cm = x 100 , km to m = x 1000
mass kg tp gm = x 1000 , gm to kg =  1000
time sec to min =  60 , sec to hr = 60 60
min to sec = x 60 , hr to sec = x 60 x60
Laws
Displacement = Xf – Xi = final displacement –
initial displacement.
Velocity =
𝛥𝑑
𝛥𝑡
=
Acceleration =
𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛−𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑡
𝛥𝑣
𝛥𝑡
=
𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦−𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙
Laws of motion:
Displacement Δx =
𝑉𝑖+𝑉𝑓
2
+t
*Notes:
In free fall
Falling down ----- Vi = zero acceleration =
g = 9.8 m/s2
Rising up ---- Vf= zero ,acceleration = g= -9.8 m/s2
Prefixes
How to slove
Physics divided into major areas:
- Mechanics (spinning, friction Falling objects, weight)
- Thermodynamics (heat and temperature)
- Electromagnetism (electricity, magnetism, light)
- Optics (light, mirrors and lens)
- Quantum Mechanics (behavior of subatomic particles such as
atoms)