LEVEY R VITTO
BSED 1EO3-1A
GLORIA CLUSTER OMI
STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH
MODULE 4
EXERCISE 1. PLACE THE APPROPRIATE MARKS NEEDED IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.
ANSWER:
1. The local high school wrestlers placed well in the regional competition, as they received
two First Place, one Second Place, and three Third Place awards.
2. Her stories were based on her uncle’s tales of his time in Japan.
3. The bride’s nephew had a very important assignment during the ceremony: hold the pillow
up, don’t drop the ring, walk slowly to the altar, then stand still and smile.
4. The announcer called out the four winning numbers as follows: Three, twelve, twenty, two,
and fifty-six.
5. There is nothing more delicious than our family’s Christmas dinner: turkey with gravy,
dressing, smashed potatoes, yams, green beans, buttery rolls and pumpkin pie smothered
in whipped cream.
EXERCISE 2. IDENTIFYING SENTENCE ELEMENTS. IDENTIFY THE ELEMENT OF THE UNDERLINED
WORD/S.
ANSWER:
1. Who gave you the medicine?

Element: Interrogative pronoun (subject)
2. Who gave you the medicine?

Element: Interrogative pronoun (subject)
3. The participants asked him many questions.

Element: Noun phrase (subject)
4. The participants asked him many questions.

Element: Noun phrase (subject)
5. All the family members are invited at the party.

Element: Noun phrase (subject)
EXERCISE 3. IDENTIFYING THE FUNCTION OF SENTENCES. WRITE DECLARATIVE, IMPERATIVE,
EXCLAMATORY OF INTERROGATIVE.
ANSWER:
1. Exclamatory - I lost my book!
2. Imperative - Watch your step!
3. Exclamatory - See what you did!
4. Interrogative - Did you get the record?
5. Imperative - Please clean up your mess.
6. Interrogative - How is the COVID-19 situation in your municipality?
7. Declarative - I saw two big dogs in your backyard.
8. Declarative - You look great.
9. Declarative - Clarissa is a jealous wife.
10. Declarative - Martha wishes to run for presidency.
EXERCISE 4. WRITE YOUR OWN EXAMPLE FOR EACH OF THE KINDS OF SENTENCE ACCORDING
TO STRUCTURE.
ANSWER:
1. Simple Sentence:

Birds fly.

The sun sets.
2. Compound Sentence:

I went to the store, and my brother went to the park.

She likes to dance, but he prefers to sing.
3. Complex Sentence:

Although it was raining, we decided to go for a walk.

When I finish my work, I will go out for dinner.
4. Compound-Complex Sentence:

I had dinner with my friends, and then we went to the movies, but I didn't enjoy
the film.

She finished her project before the deadline, so she rewarded herself, but she still
felt stressed.
5. Interrogative Sentence:

Where is the nearest grocery store?

Did you finish reading the book?
MODULE 5
EXERCISE 5. NOUN PHRASE
ANSWER:
A. Underline the noun phrases in each of the sentences below:
1. I watched an amazing new film yesterday.

Noun phrases: "an amazing new film"
2. A young, dashing man, James, directs the new movie.

Noun phrases: "A young, dashing man," "James," "the new movie"
3. He wears a well-tailored suit.

Noun phrases: "a well-tailored suit"
4. Some of his friends gave adorable compliments to him.

Noun phrases: "Some of his friends," "adorable compliments"
5. The movie is said to be epic; it will.

Noun phrase: "The movie"
B. Read the sentences and underline the noun phrase. Write S if it is the subject, DO if direct
object, OP if object of the preposition, or IO if indirect object:
1. A slapstick comedy makes me laugh.

Noun phrase: "A slapstick comedy" (S)
2. He is used to getting on my nerves.

Noun phrase: "getting on my nerves" (DO)
3. James lives in the white house.

Noun phrase: "the white house" (OP)
4. Margot gave the little girl pizza.

Noun phrases: "the little girl" (IO), "pizza" (DO)
5. She had a very nice evening with her friends.

Noun phrases: "a very nice evening" (DO), "her friends" (OP)
C. Analyze the sentences and tell whether the underlined noun phrase is an infinitive phrase
(IP), a gerund phrase (GP), a participial phrase (PP), or an appositive phrase (AP):
1. Surprised by his friends, James cried.

Participial phrase: "Surprised by his friends."
2. To jog every other day is good for health.

Infinitive phrase: "To jog every other day."
3. Drinking enough water is good for health.

Gerund phrase: "Drinking enough water."
4. My hobby, writing poems, relaxes my mind.

Appositive phrase: "writing poems."
5. It is an honorable deed to donate money.

Infinitive phrase: "to donate money."
D. Underline the main verb phrase in each sentence and identify whether it is a finite (F) or
nonfinite (NF) verb phrase:
1. Manny is a boxer.

Main verb phrase: "is a boxer" (F)
2. He has been practicing for many years.

Main verb phrase: "has been practicing" (F)
3. He injured his head.

Main verb phrase: "injured his head" (F)
4. Despite his head injury, he still exercises.

Main verb phrase: "still exercises" (F)
5. He is one of the richest men in Asia.

Main verb phrase: "is one of the richest men" (F)
E. Underline the adjective phrase and write on the blank the noun or noun phrase that it
modifies:
1. The dish smells very delectable.

Adjective phrase: "very delectable"

Modifies: "The dish"
2. Eating junk food is usually not very healthy.

Adjective phrase: "not very healthy"

Modifies: "Eating junk food"
3. The embroidery meticulously stitched by the hand is worth the price.

Adjective phrase: "meticulously stitched by the hand."

Modifies: "The embroidery"
4. She is extremely good at ice skating.

Adjective phrase: "extremely good at ice skating"

Modifies: "She"
5. By the end of the day, I feel bored.

Adjective phrase: "absolutely bored"

Modifies: "I"
F. Underline the adjective phrase and determine whether it is an attributive (AAP) or predicative
adjective phrase (PAP). Write your answer on the blank:
1. A runner faster than you is on the team.

Adjective phrase: "faster than you"

Type: Attributive (AAP)

Modifies: "runner"
2. She was proud of her daughter winning the contest.

Adjective phrase: "winning the contest."

Type: Predicative (PAP)

Modifies: "her daughter"
3. The man cringing in the corner is scared to death.

Adjective phrase: "cringing in the corner"

Type: Attributive (AAP)

Modifies: "man"
4. My daughter is taller than me.

Adjective phrase: "taller than me"

Type: Predicative (PAP)

Modifies: "daughter"
5. This house is the prettiest of all.

Adjective phrase: "the prettiest of all"

Type: Predicative (PAP)

Modifies: "house"
G. Underline the adverb phrase in each sentence below and write on the blank the word that it
modifies:
1. The man was running very slowly.

Adverb phrase: "very slowly"

Modifies: "running"
2. He seldom visits here.

Adverb phrase: "seldom"

Modifies: "visits"
3. He will get what he wants by hook or by crook.

Adverb phrase: "by hook or by crook"

Modifies: "get"
4. Next season the movie sequel will be released.

Adverb phrase: "Next season"

Modifies: "released"
5. We are working hard to finish the book.

Adverb phrase: "hard"

Modifies: "working"
EXERCISE 6. I. MAJOR TYPES OF CLAUSES: MAIN AND SUBORDINATE
A. READ THE SENTENCES BELOW AND UNDERLINE THE MAIN CLAUSE.
ANSWER:
1. Because she was late for school, she didn't eat breakfast.
 Main clause: "she didn't eat breakfast."
2. Jess chose online learning while Maggie enrolled in modular instruction.
 Main clause: "Jess chose online learning" / "Maggie enrolled in modular instruction."
3. My daughter and I watched the movie that we bought yesterday.
 Main clause: "My daughter and I watched the movie."
4. If you are not too busy to listen, I can explain it to you.
 Main clause: "I can explain it to you."
5. Maggie is someone who knows what she wants.
 Main clause: "Maggie is someone."
B. Tell whether the sentences below contain a subordinate clause or not:
1. Claire is a woman who works at the shop.
 Yes (contains a subordinate clause: "who works at the shop")
2. She is working while she studies.

Yes (contains a subordinate clause: "while she studies")
3. Because she wants to pay her tuition fee, she works hard.
 Yes (contains a subordinate clause: "Because she wants to pay her tuition fee")
4. She doesn't want to fail her parents who are old.
 Yes (contains a subordinate clause: "who are old")
II. WRITING
WRITE A REFLECTION PAPER ABOUT PHRASES AND CLAUSES, FOLLOWING THE FORMAT:
Reflection Paper on Phrases and Clauses
1. Prior Learning: Before delving into the topic of phrases and clauses, my prior learning
consisted of a basic understanding of sentence structure, including identifying subjects and
verbs. I was familiar with different types of phrases, such as noun phrases and
prepositional phrases, but my knowledge was limited. I had a basic grasp of the concept of
clauses, recognizing independent and dependent clauses. However, I lacked a deeper
understanding of their functions and how they contribute to sentence construction.
2. New Learning: Studying phrases and clauses has expanded my understanding of sentence
composition and enhanced my ability to analyze and construct more complex sentences. I
learned that a phrase is a group of words that functions as a unit within a sentence but
does not contain both a subject and a verb. Phrases can serve various roles, such as noun
phrases, adjective phrases, and adverbial phrases, adding depth and specificity to sentence
meaning.
Furthermore, I gained a deeper comprehension of clauses, which are groups of words containing
both a subject and a verb. Independent clauses can stand alone as complete sentences, while
dependent clauses rely on an independent clause for meaningful expression. I discovered that
dependent clauses can function as noun clauses, adjective clauses, or adverbial clauses, providing
additional information and modifying the main clause.
3. Learning Applications to Future Career: Understanding phrases and clauses is crucial in
various professional fields, including writing, editing, and communication. As a future
professional in the field of marketing, I recognize the importance of crafting compelling
and effective written content. Knowing how to use phrases and clauses skillfully enables
me to create more diverse and sophisticated sentence structures, enhancing the clarity
and impact of my marketing materials. By incorporating well-crafted phrases and clauses, I
can tailor my messages to specific target audiences and convey information concisely and
persuasively.
Additionally, in fields such as legal writing or technical documentation, precise language and
complex sentence structures are often necessary. A thorough understanding of phrases and
clauses will enable me to analyze and interpret legal texts accurately or convey technical
information in a clear and organized manner. The ability to effectively use phrases and clauses can
contribute to my professional growth and success in various industries.
4. Opportunity for Research: Exploring phrases and clauses has opened the door to further
research opportunities. I am particularly interested in investigating how different types of
phrases and clauses are used across different genres and writing styles. For instance, I
could delve into the use of adverbial clauses in journalistic writing and analyze how they
contribute to conveying information succinctly and objectively.
Furthermore, I am intrigued by the impact of phrases and clauses on the rhythm and flow of
writing. Conducting research on the use of adjective phrases in creative writing could shed light on
how writers employ descriptive language to evoke emotions and create vivid imagery. This
exploration could offer insights into the techniques employed by renowned authors and provide
inspiration for my own creative endeavors.
In conclusion, my study of phrases and clauses has expanded my understanding of sentence
structure and enhanced my ability to construct more sophisticated and nuanced sentences. This
knowledge is directly applicable to my future career, as it allows me to communicate effectively
and tailor messages to specific audiences. Furthermore, this learning experience has sparked my
curiosity for further research, particularly in the areas of genre-specific usage and the impact of
phrases and clauses on writing style. Overall, the study of phrases and clauses has been invaluable
in developing my language skills and preparing me for professional success.
EXERCISE 7.
A. IDENTIFY THE FUNCTION OF THE UNDERLINED SENTENCE PART.
ANSWER:
1. The lady behind me is throwing a fit.

Function: Subject of the sentence
2. The guy wearing khaki shorts is making a scene.

Function: Subject of the sentence
3. The woman wearing glasses kicked the side of my chair.

Function: Subject of the sentence
4. The old man to my left is feeling excited with the event.

Function: Subject of the sentence
5. The curly-haired little next to me is humming along with the song.

Function: Subject of the sentence
B. Put in the parts to form a sentence:
1. Co-ownership entitles two persons to the possession of land concurrently and more
enjoyment.
2. There are large hospitals, clinics, and a university attached to all municipal.
3. Patients who repeatedly take overdoses pose considerable management difficulties.
4. Short-term memory is a phenomenon by which we can remember a telephone number.
5. Three parties are involved in a trust: the testator, trustee, and beneficiary.