VOCABULARY BUILDER
OUTCOMES
REAL ENGLISH FOR THE REAL WORLD
The Outcomes Vocabulary Builder booklet contains key language
from the Student's Book and is organised by unit so that learners
can easily refer to the words they need while they are studying.
The Outcomes Vocabulary Builder contains:
• A short explanation for each word
• Common collocations and phrases
• Practice activities
• Regular language boxes for extra information on word
families, word-building and phrasal verbs
• Answer key
Also available for the student:
• Workbook - additional language and skills practice, a
Developing Writing section, extra activities for the Outcomes
Vocabulary Builder and audio CDs for the listening activities.
• MyOutcomes - online practice for grammar, vocabulary and all
four skills. Use for self study or interact with your teacher and
get feedback on your progress. Pin code available at the back
of the Student's Book.
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VOCABULARY BUILDER
OUTCOMES
INTERMEDIATE
Guide to Pronunciation Symbols
Consonant
/Р/
1Ы
14
Idl
/к/
/9/
m
/V/
HI
/1/
/ml
/П/
/h/
/г/
HI
/w/
/6/
/а/
///
/3/
/*/
/«/
/0/
Sounds
pet
bed
time
dog
king
garden
fox, leaf
van
same
zebra, is
light
mat
name
hot
red
young
what
bath
weather
fashion
television
cheap, catch
jumper
spring
INTRODUCTION TO OUTCOMES VOCABULARY BUILDER
Learning vocabulary in collocations and phrases will develop your fluency. And doing a little revision regularly is the
best way to learn vocabulary. That's what the Outcomes Vocabulary Builder (OVB) will help you with.
Vowel
/pet/
/bed/
/taim/
/dog/
/кщ/
/ ' g o dan/
/foks/, /II f/
/vaan/
/seim/
/ ' zebra/, /iz/
/lait/
/maat/
/neim/
/hDt/
/red/
/JAO/
/WDt/
/ba 9/
/weBa/
/ fasjan/
/ , teli' vrjan/
/г/i р/, /каег//
/ djAmpa/
/sprirj/
/1 7
/I/
/1/
/е/
/аз/
/a /
/0/
/э:/
/о/
/и /
/л/
/з 7
/а/
see
win
very
every
cat
farm
clock
wall
book
moon
cup
world
letter
/si:/
/win/
/ ' veri/
/ ' evri/
/km/
/fa:m/
/klok/
/WD:I/
/Ьик/
/ти:п/
/клр/
/W3:ld/
/'lett/
Diphthong (two vowels together)
/ei/
/90/
/31/
/ао/
/31/
/В/
/е»/
/оэ/
wait
phone
mine
house
noise
near
hair
pure
/weit/
/faun/
/main/
/haos/
/nDIZ/
/П1Э/
/ho/
/pjua/
Remember:
Sound is not the same as spelling, for example, the word 'is'finishes with the letter's' but the sound is Izl.
Iu.1 ii.
When writing the sound of a word (its phonemic transcription), always put lines like these //on either
side of the word:
/vaen/
Stress shown with marks like these
' shows the primary stress in a word. For example, / ' go dan/ gcmien
, shows the secondary stress. For example, / , t e l l ' V l j j n / teleiuiiati
It has been written to provide you with the important vocabulary in the Student's Book and to show you how these
words are commonly used. It does not include easier words which you should know from lower levels such as boring,
or unusual words, which you probably don't need to remember at this level.
What each entry contains
• Each entry has a short explanation of the word's meaning and often gives information on other forms or
opposites.
• There is then a list of up to six typical collocations and phrases that the word is used with.
• Regular language boxes provide extra information on word families, phrasal verbs etc.
How the OVB is organised
It is organised to make it quick and easy to use in class and to revise at home.
• Each unit in the OVB contains the most important new words from exercises, texts and listenings in the unit
of the Student's Book.
• The units are then divided according to each double page of the Student's Book and the words within those
pages are written in alphabetical order.
• At the end of each unit there are exercises to do.
• There is an answer key at the back of the book.
Ways you can use the OVB
• Read the word list before you study the unit in the book.
• Translate all the words you don't know based on the explanation. Check the collocations for each word. Do
they make sense? Are any different to your language?
• In class, if you have forgotten a word, look it up again. Write out the collocation list and add one of your own.
• Cover words in the list and say or write phrases with the word. Then compare with the collocation list.
• Choose five to ten words from the list to learn each day.
• Put eight new words in a story using the collocations listed.
• Do the exercises at the end of each unit some time after you've done it in class. Then check the answers in
the key.
• Write a list of the words you find difficult to remember and write sentences using the words.
1
seat a seat is the place where you sit: come in and
take a - (sit down) / I'd prefer a window - (a seat
next to the window) / the - next to me/the best
- in the theatre /you can book ~s in advance I the
front - of a car
top the top person or thing is the highest, most
important or best: a - head teacher (one of the
best) / she's the UK's - athlete I score - marks in
the exam (very high marks) / he's in the - class (the
class with the highest level) / they live on the floor (the highest floor in a building)
PACES 1 0 - 1 1
MY FIRST CLASS
PACES 8 - 9
abroad when you go abroad,you go to a different or
foreign country: I'd love to live ~ /she travels - a
lot /go-for a holiday Istudy accent an accent is the way you say words. You can
tell where someone is from because of their
accent: she speaks with an American -la strong
French - (very noticeable) /aslight ~ (not very
noticeable)
involve when a job or a course involves something, it
includes it as an essential part: the job ~s talking
to people and solving their problems I it -s a lot of
hard work I it ~s computer programming
management management is the way of controlling
and organizing an organization.The management
is also the group of people who control an
organization.The verb is manage: he's studying
business - Ishe works in - Ithe company has good
- I improve - of the organization I she manages
the whole hotel
mile one mile is 1.6 kilometres. Miles is often used to
mean a long way: the town is soo -sfrom Moscow
I the hotel is only a ~ down the road I a tiny village
that's ~sfrom anywhere (not near any towns) / it's
~s to the nearest shop (a very long way)
remind to remind someone about something means
to make them remember it. Be careful -you
cannot use remember with this meaning: she
reminded me about my doctor's appointment I
can you - me to phone home? I he ~s me of my
brother (he looks like my brother) / that song ~s
me of my wedding (it makes me think about my
wedding)
rude if something you say or do is rude, it is not polite
and might upset people: it's - to ask people their
age I I'm sorry-1 didn't mean to be -1 how-I I
a very - man I he knows all the - words!
2 OUTCOMES
available if something is available,you can get it or
buy it. The noun is availability: they want to make
language learning more ~ to students /the game
is - in the shops now (you can buy it) / her books
are widely - (you can get them in lots of different
places) /they're -forfree / I'm always - to help
you (I can help you) / What's your availability for a
meeting next week?
bilingual if you are bilingual,you speak two
languages very fluently. You can also be trilingual
(able to speak three languages) or multilingual
(able to speak many languages): I'm - in English
and Turkish /grow up - Igo to a - school I be
totally - / be almost continuity if there is continuity, things continue in a
similar way without changes or problems: there
was good - between teachers I we always try and
maintain - /it's important not to lose - / we had
six different teachers, so there was a lack ofdeal with if you deal with something,you do what
is necessary. If you deal with a problem,you solve
it: her job is to - complaints I he has to - lots of
different people in his job/have to - some difficult
customers / a difficult problem to defend if you defend something,you say you think
it is good when other people say it is bad: a lot of
people criticized the proposals, but he ~ed them I he
tried to - what she had said I he should stand up
and - himself (say that his ideas are right)
disaster if something is a disaster, it is a complete
failure: the policy was a - /the party was a total - I
the evening was a bit of a dub if you dub a film, you change the speaking
in it from one language into another. The
adjective is dubbed: do you like watching foreign
TV programmes that are -bed into your own
language? I it's been -bed into English
environment an environment is the place or
conditions you live in or work in. Note that when
we talk about the environment we mean the
natural world: the school provides a good - to learn
in I it's a safe - to play in I a good working - I they
learn better in a good learning -
evidence facts that show if something is true, or
show if someone is guilty or innocent of a crime:
the police are still collecting - I there's no - against
him I there's no - to suggest it's true
fluent if you are fluent, you speak a language easily,
without making mistakes.The adverb is fluently.
The noun is fluency: a - English speaker I I'm - in
Spanish /you write very fluently I1 need to improve
my fluency
get by if you get by, you can do something quite
well, but not very well: I'm not very good at French,
but I can just about - I1 don't know much about
computers - but I - / he gets by at school - but he's
not very academic
head the head of a country, organization or
department is the leader or manager. To head
something means to lead it or be in charge of
it: he's the - teacher (the leader of a school) / the
queen is the - of state I the - of the company I he's
-ing the negotiations
improve if you improve, you get better and if you
improve something,you make it better.The noun is
improvement: my English is really improving I toyour language learning /the economy is improving I
he was very ill, but he's slowly improving (becoming
healthy again) /the government needs to - public
transport I there has been a big improvement in
your work
keep if you keep doing something,you continue to do
it or do it many times: - practising until you can do
it I - trying I he -s phoning me I1 -forgetting to
send that email /he~s telling me I'm wrong
lack if there is a lack of something, it is missing. If
you lack something,you do not have any: there
was a - of evidence I the idea failed because of a
- of interest (people weren't interested in it) la of effort (not trying hard enough) I the country ~s
money to improve education I he completely -s
talent
maintain if you maintain something,you make it
continue. If you maintain a building,you keep it in
good condition: / can - a conversation in French I a good relationship with my neighbours I we try to
- high standards I they haven't -ed the house very
well (they haven't kept it in good condition) / i t
costs a lot to - the school (to keep the buildings in
good condition)
motivation your motivation is the reason why
you do something.The verb is motivate. If you
motivate someone,you give them motivation:
he has no - to study / some students fail because
of a lack of - /1 lost all my - to go running during
the winter I their teacher really knows how to
motivate them
pick up if you pick up a language or some other
skill,you learn it by seeing it or doing it, without
studying it in a classroom: / picked up a few words
of Turkish when I was staying there I they haven't
studied it at school but just picked it up off the
street (by playing outside with otheryoung people)
/ she picks up languages very easily I1 showed him
how to do it and he picked it up very quickly
point the point of something is the reason to do it:
what's the - of studying for exams? I there's no speaking to him (it will not achieve anything) / the
- of coming here is to learn English I1 don't see the
- of spending a lot of money on clothes
policy a policy is an idea or plan that a government
or organization follows: what is the government's
- on education? I health - I it's against company
- to employ people under 16 / they want the
government to change its - on immigration
progress if you progress, you get better at doing
something. Progress is also a noun: students - at
different speeds /to- slowly /to- quickly I he's
definitely -ing /she's made huge - this term (she
has got much better)
provide if you provide something,you give it to
people or make it available: I'll - all the food and
drink I coffee will be -d in the break I they should people with more information I this will -you with
a great opportunity
question if you question something,you say that you
have doubts about it and think it might be wrong:
they -ed the prime minister's decision I some
people are-ing the government's change in policy
I he was -ed by the police (the police asked him
questions) /she -ed his motives (wondered why he
was really doing something)
range when there is a range of things, there are a
number of different kinds of thing: we discussed
a - of topics I deal with a wide - of levels I the
company provides a - of services /see our full of products
rely on if you rely on something,you need it and
trust it. The adjective for someone you can trust is
reliable.The opposite is unreliable: she has to - her
parents for money (she needs her parents to give
her money) / they - everyone else to speak English
(they need everyone else to speak English) /
you can't - him (you can't trust him) lits a very
reliable train service (you can trust it) / he's totally
unreliable (you can't trust him)
reply if you reply to someone, you give them an
answer. Reply is also a noun: he replied in English I
she didn't - to my letter I sorry for the delay in
-ing 11 still haven't received a - from him 11 asked
him a question, but he gave no - (he didn't say
anything)
report a report is a written document or a TV or
radio programme that gives information about
a subject. Report is also a verb: the government
has published a new - on the war I according to a
recent - I the main conclusions of the - I a TV on crime I they will - back to us next week (they
will tell us the information they have learnt)
VOCABULARY BUILDER 3
review if you review an idea or a policy, you think
about it again and decide what you should do.
Review is also a noun: the government is going to its drug policy / we will - the situation next week /
a - of language policy
skills your skills are the abilities you have: she's got
good language - / have computer - / management
~ / learn new - / he's got poor people - (he doesn't
get on well with people)
teach yourself if you teach yourself something,
you learn it from books or by practising yourself,
without a teacher: is it possible to - English? / he
taught himself the guitar /1 taught myself how
to cook
trade trade is the business of buying and selling
things. Trade is also a verb: the company does a lot
of - with China / they are worried they will lose / they want to increase - with Europe / improve
the tourist - (the business of making money by
encouraging tourists to visit an area) /they - with
companies all over the world
PACES 1 2 - 1 3
bang if you bang something, you hit it. Bang is also
a noun: / was -ing on the door for ages /to - the
table hard /1 -ed my knee on the side of the table
(by accident) / / heard a - at the door (the sound of
someone banging)
chat if you chat to someone, you talk to them in a
friendly, informal way. Chat is also be a noun.The
adjective is chatty: we-ted for a while /1 often - to
her on the phone / have a - with someone / she's
very chatty (willing to spend time chatting)
excuse an excuse is the reason you give for why you
did something wrong: what'syour -for being
late? / give an - / invent (or make up) an - / a good
- / there's no -for being so rude
flat a flat is a group of rooms you can live in. It is
usually part of a larger building. In American
English, people say apartment: live in a - in the city
centre / look for a -to rent / a ground-floor - / a
top-floor - / a furnished - (with furniture already
in it) / live in a block of-s
run if a machine or vehicle is running, it is working:
the train -s every 30 minutes (it goes every 30
minutes) / the buses don't - after midnight / the
train and bus services usually - smoothly (without
problems) / the car -son diesel
rush if you rush, you do something or go somewhere
very quickly, often because you do not have much
time. Rush is also a noun: / -ed out of the house
(left the house very quickly) /we had to - her to
the doctor (take her to the doctor very quickly)
/1 -ed the last question of the exam (did it too
quickly) / I'm in a - (i don't have much time) / do
my homework in a sort out if you sort something out, you organize it: I
need to - my holiday (organize it) / - the problem
(solve it) /I'm trying to - my life (make it more
organized and deal with problems in it) / - all my
papers (organize them and put them in order)
spare if something is spare, it is extra: we've got a room / give you a - key / have no - time / have you
got any - change (small amounts of money that
you do not need)
PHRASAL VERBS
A phrasal verb is a verb and a particle that are
used together with a particular meaning. In some
cases the particle does not change the meaning
of the verb.This is true for action verbs like walk
and run. For example, she rushed out of the house
/ let's walk down the stairs / they ran away with
my bag 11 fell over, mean that the person rushed,
walked, ran or fell.
However, sometimes adding the particle changes
the meaning of the verb:
He walked out on his wife (he left his wife).
They ran out of food and drink (they used all the
food and needed more).
I fell out with my brother (we had an argument).
The other phrasal verbs in this unit are:
deal with (solve), grow up (become an adult),get
by (manage), p/'d: up (learn), rely on
(trust), make up (invent), sort out (solve)
EXERCISES
PREPOSITIONS
A Complete the sentences with the correct
preposition.
1 Their house is miles
anywhere.
2 She really reminds me
my mother.
3 The film is dubbed
English.
4 There was a lack
interest in the idea.
5 It's
company policy to wear jeans.
6 We'll provide everyone
an opportunity to
try it.
7 I read a report
crime in New York.
8 We do a lot of trade
theEU.
9 There's no excuse
that kind of behaviour.
W O R D FAMILIES
A Complete the expressions with the correct form
of the word in bold.
1 study management
a
small business
2 widely available
What'syour
next
week?
3 befluentin Spanish
speak three languages
4 improve your English
in your
English
5 have no motivation
6 rely on him a lot
the team
to play better
be a very
worker
В Which TWO words in the list below are NOT
both a noun and verb?
bang
policy
head
progress
lack
question
remind
rush
reply
trade
COLLOCATIONS
A Complete the collocations with the verbs in the
lists. Look up the verbs if you need help.
dub
provide
4 OUTCOMES
showabig
get by
review
improve
pick up
1
2
3
4
5
6
a language easily
in French
a film into English
food and drink
the situation
your language learning
В Match the nouns to the verbs. Look up the
nouns (a-f) if you need help.
1 to collect
a) motivation
2 to lose your
b) chat
3 to make
c) report
4 to publish a
d) evidence
5 to have a
e) management
6 to work in
f) progress
PHRASAL VERBS
A Choose the correct phrasal verb.
1 I'm not very good with computers but I get
by / deal with.
2 I have to deal with / rely on a lot of difficult
children in the class.
3 He's very intelligent. He picks things up/gets
by very quickly.
4 Can you lend me some money? I rushed out /
sorted out of the house this morning and I
forgot to get my purse.
5 Many people don't have a car and rely on /
make up public transport to get to work.
6 We've almost/a//en out / run out of milk. Can
you get some when you go out?
7 I'm going to stay at home this weekend and
sort out /pick up the house. It's a complete
mess.
PATTERNS
A Put the verb in brackets into the correct form
[to + infinitive or-ing).
1 The job involves
withyoung
people, (work)
2 Can you remind me
Ana a call
after the class? (give)
3 I'll be available
any problems at
one o'clock, (deal with)
4 If you don't have any success first time, just
keep
(try)
5 I taught myself how
and now I
make my own jumpers, (knit)
6 There's no point
here in the rain.
Let's go inside, (wait)
VOCABULARY BUILDER 5
FEELINGS
PACES 1 4 - 1 5
accommodation accommodation is a place such as a
house, flat or hotel where you can live or stay: the
tourist office can help you find - / the university
can't provide - / I've had some problems with
my ~ / there's plenty of good - in the town I I'm
living in student behind if you are behind with work,you are late, slow
or not doing as well as you should.The opposite is
ahead: I'm really - with my work / he's - at school /
the company's fallen - the competition / the project
is two months - schedule
break down if a machine or system breaks down,
it stops working: my car broke down on the
motorway / the central heating's broken down I
the company's payment system broke down
cheer up if you cheer up, you start to feel happier.
If you cheer someone up, you make them feel
happier: I'm sure she'll - soon / ~- it's not that
bad /1 bought her some flowers to cheer her up /1
need to do something to cheer myself up / he needs
cheering up
confused if you are confused,you cannot understand
something: she tried explaining it to me, but I was
still ~ I I'm a bit - about how much I have to pay /
she looked very disappointed if you are disappointed,you are unhappy
because something is not as good as you wanted
or expected: she was - with her exam results /1 was
really - at not getting the job / he was very - that
you missed his birthday /1 was a bit - by the film
due if something is due, it should happen or arrive at
a certain time: the baby is - next month /the train
was - ten minutes ago / they were - to arrive at six
o'clock / my rent's - today (I have to pay it today) /
my pay's - next week (I will receive it then)
6 OUTCOMES
exhausted if you are exhausted, you are really tired:
sit down -you must be- / I'm absolutely - /1
always feel - by the end of the week /1 was too - to
argue with him
fed up if you are fed up with something, you no
longer like it because it is boring or annoying: I'm with my job / You look a bit - / I'm getting - with
this awful weather /1 was - of waiting
furious if you are furious, you are very angry: he was about the damage to his car /1 was - when I heard
what they'd done / they were - with me for being
late /she was - at how much it cost
guilty if you feel guilty about something,you feel
bad because you think you have done something
wrong. If someone is guilty, they have committed
a crime: I feel a bit - because I haven't rung him for
ages /1 feel - about not inviting her / he gave me
a - look when I asked him where the money was /
he was found - of murder (a court decided that he
was guilty)
hardly almost nothing or no one: he - said anything
all evening (he said very little) / there was - anyone
there (there were very few people) /speak up - 1
can - hear you (I can't hear you very well) / ) - ever
see him (very rarely) / we were so far back that I
could - see the stage (it was very difficult to see) /
there's - any crime here (almost no crime)
join if you join someone,you go to where they are so
that you are with them: would you like to - us} I do
you mind if I-your /'she can't come now, but she'll
- us for dinner / please - the queue (stand in the
queue and wait)
mood your mood is how you feel: she's been in a bad all day (feeling angry) / listening to music always
puts me in a good - (makes me feel happy) /I'm
not in the - to go out / ignore him - he's in a
funny - (a strange mood)
pleased if you are pleased with something,you are
happy or satisfied with it: / was really - with my
exam results /1 feel - with myself for giving up
smoking I I'll be - to help (willing to help) / - to
meet you (said when you meet someone for the
first time)
relief if you feel relief, you feel happy because
something bad or worrying has ended: it was a to hear you weren't hurt / he gave a sigh of - / it's
a - to know I'm not the only one with problems /
the doctors gave him pain - (medicine to get rid
of pain)
split up if two people split up, they get divorced or
stop being a couple. If a group split up, they stop
working together: he's just - with his girlfriend /
they decided to - after 20 years of marriage / the
band - because of musical differences / the teacher
split us up because we were talking
terrible if you feel terrible, you feel very ill, sad or
guilty: I've got a high temperature and I feel - /
I felt - about disappointing them /1 feel -for not
telling you the truth /are you OK? You look -!
throw up if you throw up, you are sick. A more formal
word is vomit: / think I'm going to- /1 was up
all night throwing up / he threw up all over the
bathroom floor
upset if you are upset, you are sad or angry about
something: he was quite - when I spoke to him /
I was very - about it / we were all very - by her
death /she was too - to talk /he's a bit - that
no-one told him about the party
WORD FAMILIES AND -ED ADJECTIVES
Most -ed adjectives come from verbs that are
commonly used.
bore: football ~s те/ I'm sorry to-you with my
problems
confuse: / don't want to -you by giving you too
much information / this research -s matters
further
disappoint: / don't want to - them /1 hate to you, but the concert's already sold out
please: / knew the result would - him /you can't everyone all the time
Sometimes the verb can have a different meaning
to the -ed adjective.
exhaust: we've -ed all the possibilities (tried them
all) / what will we do when we've -ed the supplies
of oil? (used them all)
The nouns related to -ed adjectives can vary a lot
in their form.
boredom: / was falling asleep with - /1 thought I
was going to die of confusion: There was some - about who had won /
put your name on your bags to avoid disappointment: book early to avoid - I losing the
match was a big pleasure: is your trip for business or-? I it's a - to
work with you (it's enjoyable)
exhaustion: she was suffering from - / he was
weak wili\
PACES 1 6 - 1 7
approach if you approach something,you get nearer
to it. If you approach someone, you go towards
them and speak to them: a woman -ed me in the
street /you can always - him with a problem (talk
to him about it) / the company -ed me and offered
me a job / things became more tense as the election
-ed (came closer)
atmosphere the atmosphere in a place is the feeling
you get from being there: a hotel with a lovely
relaxing - / the club's got a great - / there's a nasty
- at work / he spoiled the friendly - with his stupid
comments / he sensed the tense - as soon as he
walked in
attempt if you make an attempt to do something,
you try to do it. Attempt is also a verb: he made a
desperate - to save the child / he failed in his - to
break the world record / she succeeded in her - to
get elected I it was a deliberate - to hide the truth I
he -ed to climb Mount Everest
campaign a campaign is a series of actions you
do because you want to win something or
persuade people about something: his free hugs'
campaign has been very successful / they are
starting a new - against poverty/a military against the rebels / an election - / the government
launched an anti-smoking - / run a - against
drink driving
discovery a discovery is something new that you find
or learn.The verb is discover: scientists have made
an exciting - / this is an important new - / they
discovered gold in the mountains
intend if you intend to do something, you plan to do
it in the future: he -s to carry on hugging people /
I don't think she -ed me to see the email / what do
you - to do about this?
isolated if someone feels isolated, they feel very
alone. An isolated place is far away from towns
and cities: she felt very - when her parents died /
they live in an - village / this was just an - incident
(just one, not part of a series)
line a line is a telephone number or connection. A
help line is a number you phone to ask for advice:
you can call our help -for more information I the
customer service - is open 24 hours a day /all the
~s are busy at the moment /you need to dial g to
get an outside - / could you hold the - and I'll try
and find her for you
loss a loss is when you lose something. It can be a
game that you lose, or money that a company
loses. It can also be the sad feeling you have when
someone close to you dies: fh/s was the team's third this year / the company made a big - last month /
his death was a great - to us all / I'm sorry for your mark a mark is the number or grade you get for a
piece of work or an exam. When a teacher marks
work, they correct it and give it a number or grade:
/ didn't expect to get such a high - / he got top ~s
in the test I get a low - / the pass - is 40 per cent
/you lose -sfor bad spelling /the teacher hasn't
marked the exams yet
meaningful if something is meaningful it is serious
or important and useful: he finds it hard to make connections with other people / she wants to have
a - life / the search for a - relationship / we should
have a - debate about the problem
miserable if you are miserable, you are very sad. If
something is miserable, it makes you sad: I felt
VOCABULARY BUILDER 7
a bit - when everyone left / he's had a -year / what
a - day (with bad weather) / the weather was last week (very bad)
protect if you protect someone,you stop things from
hurting them. If you protect something, you stop
things from damaging it: a friend came along
to - him /the animals are -edfrom hunters /you
need to -yourselffrom the sun / wear goggles to your eyes
response a response is an answer to a question
or letter, or a reaction to something that has
happened: / wrote to him last week, but I haven't had
a -yet / we got a positive - to our idea / there was a
disappointing -from the public / I'm writing in - to
your letter / his comments provoked an angry skills skills are things that you are able to do,
especially things you can do well: she wants to
improve her computer - / he has no social - (he
doesn't know how to talk to other people) / she
has good organizational - / he lacks the necessary to be a doctor
speech if you give a speech,you talk to a large
number of people about something: the chairman
delivered an inspiring - / he made an acceptance
- / she gave a - to the school / the head teacher
made a short - at the end of the dinner / we had to
listen to some boring ~es
PAGES 1 8 - 1 9
fancy if you fancy doing something,you want to do
it: do you - going for a coffee? / do you - watching
a film? /I've never fancied trying yoga /1 - doing
something different
find if you say that you find something interesting,
boring, etc, this is your opinion of it: / - lying on
a beach incredibly boring / did you - the exam
difficult? /how are you -ing the course?
graduate you graduate when you get your first
degree at university: she ~d in law last year (she
got a degree in law) /I'm going to - next year /
he -dfrom Harvard with first class honours (top
marks)
heat heat is when something is hot: I don't go to very
hot countries because I can't stand the - /the was unbearable during the day / keep the butter
away from the - / once the soup is boiling, reduce
the - and cook it gently for a few minutes
ignore if you ignore someone,you don't listen to
them or speak to them. If you ignore something,
you don't pay any attention to it:just - him - he's
being stupid /1 said hello, but she completely ~d me /
we can't - this problem
mysterious someone or something mysterious is
difficult to understand.The noun is mystery: we
heard some - sounds / why are you being so - about
it? /she died in - circumstances / her disappearance
was a complete mystery / detectives are trying to
solve the mystery
nervous if you are nervous about something, you feel
worried or a bit scared about it: / get very - before
exams /1 was quite - before I made the speech / he
was so -, his hand was shaking
promoted if you get promoted, your employer gives
you a better job and more money.The noun is
promotion: / was - by Head Office / I'm hoping to
get - to supervisor / now I've been - I'm on a better
salary / she's hoping to get a promotion soon
relationship a relationship is the way two people feel
and behave towards each other: / have a good - with
my parents / he doesn't want people to know about
his - with Sara / a love-hate -1 the- between a
parent and child / the - between a doctor and his
patients
scenery the scenery is the countryside that you see
in a place: we passed through some lovely - on
the way I they stopped to admire the amazing - /
beautiful shocked if you are shocked at something,you are very
surprised and slightly upset: / was - by the news /
I was - at how much poverty there was /1 was - at
how old he looked /1 was - to see so many people
using drugs
stuck if you are stuck somewhere, you cannot move
from that place: we were - in a lift for two hours /
I was - in traffic / we were - on the train for
hours / the children were - inside all day because
of the rain /1 don't want to be - in front of a
computer all day
unlike if it is unlike a person or thing to do something
it is not typical or normal for them: it's - him to be
so quiet / it's - them to be late / the storm was anything I've ever seen
EXERCISES
PREPOSITIONS
A Complete the sentences with the correct
preposition.
1 I was really disappointed
not getting the
job.
2 I feel a bit guilty
forgetting his birthday.
3 I'm totally fed up
him complaining all the
time.
4 They were absolutely furious
me for
staying out all night.
5 They have started a campaign
poverty.
6 He's
such a bad mood. I don't know what's
wrong with him.
7 I was very upset
the whole thing.
8 They don't do anything to protect themselves
the sun.
9 I am writing
response to your complaint
of 2 August.
10 She's been promoted
a higher position.
11 He graduated
philosophy
the Sorbonne
W O R D FAMILIES
A Complete the sentences with the correct nouns
and adjectives from these verbs.
bore
1
2
3
4
5
confuse
disappoint
exhaust
please
I was really
when he told me he couldn't
come to the wedding.
She couldn't hide her
when I told her.
There were so many to choose from, I felt
a bit
To avoid
, can just one person speak at a
time?
The kids were really
because it was raining
and they couldn't go outside.
I thought I was going to die of I
I was
with myself for giving up smoking.
It was no trouble at all. It was a
I was
by the time we finally got home.
She was suffering from
after the run.
COLLOCATIONS
A Complete the collocations with nouns from
the unit.
1 have a love-hate r__
_p
2 take some pain r
f
8 OUTCOMES
3
4
5
6
7
8
make an acceptance s
h
what's the pass m
k?
phone the customer service h
I
run an advertising c__
__n
develop your computer s
s
live in student a
n
В Choose the correct verbs to complete the
collocations. Look up the nouns to help you
if necessary.
1 make/do an attempt to do something
2 get /launch a campaign against poverty
3 make /do an exciting new discovery
4 earn/get good marks in an exam
5 give /speak a speech
6 solve /finish a mystery
С Which of the following words do not collocate
with the nouns?
1 a good / bad / funny / upset mood
2 a nasty / tense / isolated / friendly atmosphere
3 lovely / handsome / amazing / beautiful
scenery
4 successful / high / low / top marks
5 a positive / angry / disappointing / exciting
response
PHRASAL VERBS
Choose the correct word to complete the phrasal
verb.
1 The awful smell almost made me throw up /
down.
2 The bus broke off / down on the way home.
3 I'll buy her some flowers to cheer her out / up.
4 He's split off / up from his girlfriend.
PATTERNS
A Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the verbs in the list.
arrive
1
2
3
4
5
6
be
break
go
hear
work
He failed in his attempt
the
world record.
Do you fancy
out later?
He's due
in the next few minutes.
It was a relief
that he was OK.
It's unlike him
so quiet.
Howdoyoufind
nights?
VOCABULARY BUILDER 9
TIME OFF
PACES 2 0 - 1
ancient if something is ancient, it is very, very old: we
visited some - ruins / an - mosque I an - city / are
you interested in - history?
bargain a bargain is something you buy at a much
cheaper price than usuahyou can always find lots
of ~s in the sales / that's only £30 - it's a real castle a castle is a big old building with strong walls
that was built to protect the people inside and to
give armies a safe place to stay: go and visit the
old ~ / there's a ruined - on the hill
concentration camp a concentration camp is a set
of buildings where lots of prisoners are kept
and sometimes killed during wars: a Nazi - /
thousands of people were sent to the ~s / millions
died in the -s
decorated if something is decorated, it is made to
look more beautiful. The verb is decorate and the
noun is decoration: the church was beautifully for the special day / we all helped to decorate the
Christmas tree I why don't we put up some party
decorations?
desert a desert is a large area of dry land where there
is very little water and very few plants or animals:
not many animals can survive in the -/go trekking
across the Sahara -1 be lost in the district a district is a part of a city or town: the main
housing - of the city / the shop is in the old Jewish
- / the financial - (where there are lots of banks
and offices) / the main shopping - / a poor - of
the city
guide a guide is someone whose job is to show
tourists places and tell them about the places
they are visiting.There is also an adjective guided:
we were shown around by a tour - /you can hire
a local - to show you the city / buy a good -book
(a book with information about a place) /go on
10 OUTCOMES
a guided tour of the castle (a tour when a guide
shows you around)
historic a historic place or building is old and
important. Historic events are very important
events that happened in the past and will be
remembered in the future: the city has a lot of buildings / an - town / visit all the - monuments /
the peace agreement was an - event I an - day
location a location is the place where something is.
The adjective is located: the hotel is in a beautiful
- / the beach was a strange -for a wedding / the
talks are taking place at a secret - / their offices are
located in the city centre
medieval the medieval age in Europe was from
around 1000 ad to 1500 ad: a - castle / the old square in the town centre /studying - history /a painting
mine a mine is a big hole in the ground where people
digand bring upcoal.gold, salt, etc, from under the
ground.The people who work in mines are miners.
The industry is mining. Mine is also a verb: ancient
salts/ it would be interesting to go down a - / most
of the men here work in the -sla coal miner I a
mining town / it's too expensive to mine for coal here
prayer prayer is the act of speaking to Cod. The verb
is pray: we heard the call to - coming from the
mosque / say a - / attend daily ~s / pray to Cod /
pray for their safe return (ask God for this)
reject if you reject someone or something,you say
you do not want them. The noun is rejection:
they -ed our ideas /he -ed my offer I the company
-ed my application / the fighting started again
after the rejection of the peace plan
reopen if a place reopens, it becomes open to the
public again after it has been closed for a while.
The noun is reopening: they've just -ed the old
cinema / the museum will - next month I they
-ed the road last night / we were invited to the
reopening of the restaurant
restore if you restore something, you repair it so that
it is as good as it was in the past: they've been
restoring the old palace for years /they~d the old
mosque to its original condition I the church has been
beautifully -d / - peace to the country after the war
rides in a theme park, the rides are the machines
which move around and which you can go on for
fun: they've got some great - there/goon all
the - / there are some really scary - I he's too
young to go on the ruins ruins are the parts of an old building that
are still left after most of the building has been
destroyed. The adjective is ruined: there are some
Roman - near the city / visit some ancient - /
wander round the - I the city was left in - after the
war /an old ruined temple
temple a temple is a religious building for certain
religions: a Buddhist/Hindu/Sikh -1 we visited the
ancient ~s
WORD BUILDING: VERBS THAT START WITH RE
Sometimes when a verb starts with the letters
re, this adds the meaning of'again'to the verb.
For example, reopen means 'open again'. Here are
some more examples:
rearrange
remarry
rethink
rewrite
rebuild
redo
repaint
replay
retake (an exam)
remake
resell
reuse
However, with lots of verbs that start with rethere is no extra meaning of'again'. For example,
restore does NOT mean 'to store again'- even
though 'store' is also a verb. It just has a different
meaning!
Also, with some verbs that start with re-,you
can't take away the letters re to make another
verb. For example, repeat is a verb - but 'peat' is
not!
PAGES 2 2 - 3
average you calculate an average by adding two or
more amounts together and then dividing by the
total number of amounts: the - age of the people
in the class is 18 / the European - wage / - house
prices / she's about - height
charge if you charge someone,you ask them for
money for something you have given them or
done for them. Charge is also a noun: they -d us
20 euros for a salad / he -s £30 an hour /you can
use the library free of - (without paying) / they
offered us a bigger room at no extra compulsory if something is compulsory, the rules
or laws say you have to do it: maths and English
are - subjects at the school / some countries have military service / -ID cards
damage if you damage something, you break it or
harm it. Damage is also a noun: this crisis could the economy / a lot of buildings were ~d by the
storm / this story could - his reputation / the
cinema suffered serious - in the pre
debate if people debate something, they discuss it
in a serious, formal way before making a decision.
Debate is also a noun: the government is debating
whether to reduce taxes / this is a hotly ~d topic (a
lot of people have discussed it angrily) / we need
a public - on this subject / a heated - (in which
people become angry)
entitlement your entitlement is your right to receive
something.The verb is entitle:you have a legal to 20 days'holiday a year / the ticket entitles you to
one free drink / everyone is entitled to free health
care
fair If things are fair, everyone is treated well and
treated in the same way: it's not - if some people get
paid more than others /his lawyers are demanding
a - trial / she wanted her - share of the money /
a - price
highlight if you highlight something,you talk or
write about it in a way that makes people notice
it and tells them it is important: he wants to - the
low number of public holidays / we need to - this
problem / the report -s the need for action
link if one thing is linked to another, it is connected
in some way. Link is also a noun: the lack of
holidays has been - ed to people becoming ill
from overworking / the two facts are closely -ed /
doctors have established a - between diet and
cancer / cultural and economic -s between the
countries
luggage your luggage is the bags and suitcases you
take with you when you go on holiday: Shall I carry
your -for you? / we were scared of losing our - /
heavy - /you're only allowed one piece of hand nightmare a nightmare is a bad dream or a very
difficult and unpleasant situation: the holiday was
a complete - / their dream of a new home turned
into a- /1 still have -s about the accident
pour if you pour a liquid,you make it flow out of its
container. If it pours with rain, it rains very heavily.
You can also say that it pours down: shall I-you
a drink? / it's going to - down tomorrow / it - ed
with rain all day
raise if you raise an amount or a level,you increase it:
the restaurant had to - its prices / this policy could unemployment / - taxes
ripped off if you are ripped off, someone charges you
too much or does not pay you enough. Rip off is
also a verb and the noun is rip-off: workers are
being - by the company / we got -by a taxi
driver / the hotel tried to rip us off / I'm not paying
that much - it's a total rip-off!
spoil if you spoil something, you damage it so that it
is not as beautiful or enjoyable: the bad weather
-ed the holiday / the new buildings will -the view /
don't - the party
trade union a trade union is an organization that
tries to get better pay and working conditions for
workers: most of the workers belong to a - / they
decided to set up a - / the - criticized the plan to
close the factory / the - negotiated a pay rise
traffic jam if there is a traffic jam on a road, there is
a line of cars that cannot move forwards: we were
stuck in a - for hours / the accident caused a upset stomach if you have an upset stomach, your
stomach hurts and you might be sick, usually
because of something you have eaten: I've got a
really bad -1 it might cause an - / have you got
anything for an -?
VOCABULARY BUILDER 11
worth if something is worth doing, there is a good
reason to do it: it's not - cleaning the floor, because
it will just get dirty again /it's a film that is definitely seeing / it may not work but it's -atry / the castle
is well - a visit
PACES 2 4 - 5
blow when wind or air blows, it moves. The past
tense is blew.The past participle is blown: my
umbrella blew away / the wind blew the roof off
the house /1 was nearly blown over
chilly if it is chilly.it is cold. The noun is chill. Chill can
also be a verb: it's a bit - outside / the evenings
are starting to get quite - / there's a slight chill in
the air I put the wine in the fridge to chill (become
cold)
clear up if something clears up, it becomes better.
If you clear something up, you make it better:
hopefully, the weather will - later / the infection
should ~ in a day or two / we need to - the
misunderstanding between us / we need to - this
mess (make it tidy)
confirm if you confirm an arrangement, you say that
it will definitely happen.The noun is confirmation:
he phoned to - the date of the meeting / - the
booking in writing / they sent me a letter of
confirmation
drop if an amount or level drops, it goes down. Drop is
also a noun: The temperature ~ped to minus ю'С/
prices have ~ped dramatically / there's been a - in
student numbers /a 20 per cent - in profits
forecast a forecast is a statement about what people
think is going to happen in the future, based on
the evidence available: what's the weather -for
tomorrow? / the -said it's going to snow tonight /
a pessimistic economic - / next year's sales - s
humid if the weather is humid, it is very hot and
there is a lot of water in the air. The noun is
humidity: the afternoon was hot and - / a very climate / can't stand the humidity /go per cent
humidity
reach to reach a place or level means to get there:
the temperature might - 36X tomorrow / we
finally -ed the top of the mountain / he -ed the
age of 100
storm when there is a storm, lots of rain falls and
there are strong winds.The adjective is stormy:
there might be a- later / the plane crashed in a /as we were driving home, a - broke (it started) /
stormy weather / a stormy relationship (with a lot
of arguing)
turn out the way something turns out is the way it
develops or changes: the afternoon turned out
really sunny / everything will -fine in the end
warm if something is warm, it is quite hot in a
pleasant way. There is also a verb warm up: the
weather was nice and - / it's much warmer today
than it was yesterday / the warmest room in the
house / I'm cold -1 need to - up a bit / shall I - the
soup up? (make it hotter)
EXERCISES
COLLOCATIONS
PREPOSITIONS
A Complete the sentences with the correct
preposition.
1 The hotel is
a beautiful location.
2 You are entitled
20 days holiday a year.
3 There is a link
diet and cancer.
4 We were stuck
a traffic jam.
5 It is difficult to survive
the desert.
6 I would hate to go
amine.
7 They pray
Cod every day.
8 He wanted to go
all the rides.
9 The town was left
ruins.
10 They charged us €20
a salad.
11 There has been a drop
student numbers.
W O R D FAMILIES
A Complete the expressions with the correct form
of the word in bold.
1 decorate a room
put up
go on a
2 a tourist guide
tour
3 a beautiful location the hotel is
in the city centre
the men work as
4 a salt mine
5 daily prayers
6 some Roman ruins
7 a legal entitlement
8 a chilly day
9 confirm the time
10 a humid day
11 a terrible storm
for
someone's safe return
a
temple
this ticket
you to a free drink
there was a slight
in the air
send written
90 per cent
weather
WORD-BUILDINC
A Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the verbs.
J
rebuild remarry repaint resell retake rewrite
1 If you fail your exam, you'll have to
it.
2 We have to
the doors every few
years.
3 They had to
the cinema after it
burnt down.
4 If you find you don't need your tickets, you can
always
them.
5 He
two years after his wife died.
6 My essay wasn't very good, so I had to
12 OUTCOMES
A Match the adjectives to the nouns. Look up the
adjectives if you need help.
1 ancient
a)event
2 a fair
b)age
3 a compulsory
c) ruins
d) relationship
4 the average
e) subject at school
5 a historic
6 a stormy
f)trial
В Use the collocations to complete the missing
nouns.
1 coal / salt m __e
2 a Buddhist/Hindu/Sikh t
e
3 the weather/economic f
t
4 a beautiful / strange / secret I
n
5 do serious d
e
6 turn into a complete n _ _
__e
С Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the verbs from the list. Look up the verbs if
you need help.
blow
1
2
3
4
5
reach
reject
reopen
spoil
They
the road last night.
Unfortunately, they
our offer.
The wind
the roof off the shed.
The temperature
40°C yesterday.
The bad weather
our holiday.
D Match the sentence halves. Look up the verbs
if you need help.
1 He thinks it's important
a) the date of a
to highlight
meeting.
2 The government wants to raise b) the economy.
3 I think it's going to pour
c) this problem.
4 I'll phone to confirm
d) with rain.
5 This crisis could damage
e) taxes.
E Which of the collocations do not go with the
nouns?
1 have / cause/fall an upset stomach
2 find / come / be a bargain
3 be sent to / die in / send a concentration camp
4 set up / belong to / open a trade union
5 carry / make / lose/your luggage
PHRASAL VERBS
A Choose the correct phrasal verbs.
1 Some restaurants try to clear up / rip off their
customers.
2 It's going to pour down / turn out this afternoon.
3 Shall I turn out /warm up the soup?
4 The infection should clear up / pour down in a
few days.
5 Everything will rip off I turn out fine in the end.
VOCABULARY BUILDER 13
score if you score, you get a point or a goal in a game.
The score is how many points or goals each team
has: / -d a goal / Casol -d 23 points / Arsenal -d in
the last minute / What's the ~? / the final - was 3-0
shoot if you shoot in football and other sports, you
try to put the ball in the net. The past tense is shot.
The noun is also shot: if you get near the goal,
just -I / I'm useless at -ing / that was a great shot!
straight if something is straight, it does not bend or
curve: stand in a - line /1 can't kick the ball - / keep
your back -/sit up - (with your back straight)
useless if you are useless, you are very bad at
something. If something is useless, it is not good
or useful: I'm - at shooting / he's - at tennis /the
course was - / the machine doesn't work - it's -
INTERESTS
PACES 2 6 - 7
backwards if you move backwards, you move in the
direction that is behind you. If you do something
backwards,you do it in the opposite way to
normal: he fell - /it's hard to skate - / have your
T-shirt on ~ (with the front part at the back)
complicated if something is complicated, it is
difficult to do or understand because it has a lot
of different parts: we learnt some ~ dance moves /
chess is a - game / it's a very - situation
court the court is the area of hard ground where you
play some sports: a tennis ~ / a basketball defence the defence is the group of players who
stop the other team scoring in a game. The verb is
defend, and the players are defenders: Joe is quite
good in ~ /she usually plays in - / the team has
a strong - / it's important to defend well / he's an
excellent defender
kick if you kick something,you hit it with your foot.
Kick is also a noun: / can't even - the ball in a
straight line / they ~ed and punched him / they
tried to - the door in / give it a -I
move a move is a change of position in a sport such
as a martial art: / can do the basic ~s / I'd like to
learn some more advanced ~s / that's a difficult - /
she watched his every net the net is the thing in tennis that you hit the ball
over. It is also the material at the back of a goal in
football: I always hit the ball into the - /he managed
to get the ball over the - / Federer's very good at
the - (when he stands close to the net) / the crowd
cheered when he kicked the ball into the back of the rubbish if you are rubbish at something,you are
very bad at it. You can also say that something is
rubbish if it is very bad or stupid: I'm - at football /
he's - with computers /this film's - / he's talking - /
that's -I
14 OUTCOMES
PACES 2 8 - 9
autograph if a famous person gives you their
autograph, they sign their name for you: the fans
were waiting to get his - / someone asked me for
my ~
balance your balance is your ability to stay steady
and not fall over. If you are off balance, your body
is more on one side and you may fall: it's difficult
to keep your - sometimes /you need good - to do
judo /she lost her ~ and fell / my opponent threw
me offbig-headed if someone is big-headed, they think
they are better than other people: people will think
you're - if you keep saying how good you are / he's
very - / don't be so -I
bloody if something is bloody, it is covered in blood.
When your body bleeds, blood comes out of it:
he gave me a - nose / there were - battles on
the streets /your nose is bleeding / his head was
bleeding badly
boast if you boast,you tell other people that you are
very good at something or you have very nice or
expensive things: he's always -ing about how good
he is / he was -ing that he'd never failed an exam /
she was -ing because her parents had just bought
her a new car
bully if someone bullies you, they hurt you or laugh
at you because you are different from them.
Someone who does this is a bully: the big kids used
to - me / she was bullied for wearing glasses / some
kids get bullied for being clever / there's a lot of-ing
in the school, he's a horrible -I
course a course is a large area of land or water for
races or games: arace- (for horse racing) / a golf fit if you are fit, you are healthy and can do exercise
without getting tired.The opposite is unfit.The
noun isfitness:I'm going running everyday to
get - / how do you keep so-? / they're worried he
won't be -for the match on Saturday /1 need to
improve my fitness
WORD BUILDING - NEGATIVES
You can add un- to lots of adjectives to mean not,
for example unfit.
unable: sorry I'm - to help / he's - to read
unacceptable: - behaviour / the proposal is uncomfortable: these shoes are really - /an chair
unexpected: the win was quite -/an - defeat /
an - visit
unfair: that's -I /an - decision / it gives them an advantage
unfit: I'm so -I / too - to play in the match
unfortunate: it was an - accident / an - mistake
unfriendly: she's very - /an - atmosphere
unhappy: he's very - in his job/an - childhood
unhealthy: he looks - / have an - lifestyle
uninspiring: an - speech / an - leader
unlikely: it's - to happen / it's extremely - he'll win
unlucky: they were - to lose / we were - with the
bad weather
unnecessary: there was an - delay / cause suffering to animals
unpleasant: it was an - experience / an - smell /
an - child
unpopular: the president is very - /an - decision /
an - policy
unreliable: he's very - / the bus service is quite unsuccessful: the plan was -/an - advertising
campaign
unsuitable: those shoes are -for climbing
unsure: I'm - what to do
untidy: he's really - / her room's so unusual: it's - weather for winter/it's - for him
not too phone
get on how someone gets on is how successful they
are: how did you - in the competition? / we didn't very well (we weren't very successful)
helmet a helmet is a hard hat that you wear to
protect your head: a cycle - /you should always
wear a - /put your - on /take off yourinjury if you have an injury, you hurt a part of your
body. The verb is injure. The adjective is injured:
he's got a leg - / a serious - / he was badly injured
in an accident /she has an injured foot
persuade if you persuade someone to do something,
you talk to them and give reasons so that they
agree to do it: her teachers ~d her to start doing
judo /1 tried to - him to change his mind / we
managed to - him
plaster if you have a part of your body in plaster, it is
covered with a hard substance to protect a broken
bone and stop it moving: she's got her arm in - /
his leg was in - for 6 weeks / when are they going
to take the - off?
properly if you do something properly, you do it
correctly:you should always warm up - before
a game /you need to know how to fall - / the
machine isn't working - 1 he's not - trained
pull a muscle if you pull a muscle, you injure it by
stretching it too much: / pulled a muscle in my
leg / I've pulled my hamstring (the muscle at the
top of the leg) / she pulled her calf muscle (the
muscle at the bottom of leg)
season the seasons are the different times of the
year. In sport, a season is the time of year when a
sport is played: when does the football - start? /
the end of the tennis - / summer is my favourite semi-final the semi-final is the game before the final
in a competition. Before the semi-final, there is the
quarter-final: they lost in the - / he won his ~, so
he's in the final next week / we got through to the - /
they reached the skating skating is the sport of moving over ice on
shoes with metal blades on the bottom.The shoes
are called skates: we went - last weekend/she's
really good at - /1 need to buy some new ~s.
slip if you slip, your foot moves accidentally and you
lose your balance or fall. You usually slip when the
ground is wet.The adjective is slippery: / -ped on
the ice / she -ped and fell / it's a bit muddy - be
careful you don't - / the ground's very slippery /the
roads were very slippery
stiff if something is stiff, it is hard and difficult to
move. If your muscles are stiff, they hurt because
you have used them too much: my legs are - /1 feel
a bit -1 I've got a - neck I the window is a bit - (it
won't open easily)
strength strength is the noun from strong: this sport
is a real test of- / use your - / I've lost - in my arm
after the injury / build up your - / improve your and fitness
take advantage if you take advantage of something,
you use it to get what you want, sometimes
unfairly: he took advantage of his opponent's injury /
- of the situation /-of an opportunity / they took
advantage of the defender's mistake and scored
technique a technique is a special way of doing
something: he taught me some new -s/ it's always
good to learn new ~s
train if you train for a sport,you do exercises and
practice to become fitter and better.The activity is
training: how often do you have to -? / he -s hard
every day / we - a lot / I'm -ing for a marathon / a
training session
tournament a tournament is a competition with
several rounds and matches, which continue until
there are just two teams or players in the final: he
won a judo - /a tennis - / they got knocked out of
the - in the first round
VOCABULARY BUILDER 15
warm up when you warm up, you move your body
gently so that you are ready to start a sport.
Warm-up is a noun: it's important to - properly
before a match / we did а ю minute warm-up
weights weights are heavy metal objects that people
lift in order to strengthen their muscles: he does ~s in
the gym (he lifts them) /you should try lifting -s
to build up your strength /a ю-kilo - / a ~s
machine
PAGES 3 0 - 1
background: when something is in the background, it
is behind other things so you do not notice it very
much: they had music on in the - / the radio was
on in the -1 there are mountains in the - of the
painting / there was a lot of- noise
challenge a challenge is something difficult
which you want to try and do. The adjective is
challenging: climbing this mountain will be a
real - / we want to set our readers a - /my job's
become boring - 1 need a new - / do you enjoy a
~? I teachers have to provide a - for their students /
it's a very challenging job
download if you download something.you take it
from the Internet and put it on your computer.
The opposite is upload or post: to - music /1 -ed
a great song /you can - movies from the website /
you can go to their website and - updates for the
software
funeral a funeral is the ceremony you have after
someone has died: over 200 people attended his - /
I wanted to go to the - / he chose the music he'd
like played at his- / it was a very moving jump if you jump, you move very quickly or suddenly,
often because you are surprised: / -ed out of bed
when I heard the alarm / everyone -ed up and
started dancing / he -ed in the car and drove off /
I -ed when I heard the door bang I you made me ~!
(you frightened me)
ring-tone the ring-tone is the sound a mobile phone
makes when it rings: / like your - /an annoying - /
I downloaded a - onto my mobile /1 need to
change the - on my phone
set if you set a challenge or something similar, you
give it to someone to do: we want to - our readers
a challenge / the teacher always -s us too much
homework /she-an essay for next week /the
company always ~s high sales targets
suit if something suits a person or a situation, it is
convenient or suitable. If a piece of clothing suits
you, it makes you look good: this musics my
mood / the time of the class doesn't -me / working
part-time s my lifestyle I that jacket doesn't - him /
that new hairstyle really s her
EXERCISES
3 I can't wear those shoes - they're too
PREPOSITIONS
A Complete the sentences with the correct
preposition.
1 He usually plays
defence.
2 I'm rubbish
football!
3 He's useless
tennis.
4 He always boasts
how good he is.
5 She's got her leg
plaster.
6 He took advantage
his opponent's injury.
7 The picture had some mountains
the
background.
8 You can download music
this website.
A Complete the expressions with the correct form
of the word in bold.
1 a strong defence
he's a good
2 Just shoot!
a good
3 he'sveryfit
improveyour
4 a serious injury
she was
in
an accident
5 mind you don't slip the roads are
6 he's very strong
improveyour
7 train for a sport
do a
session
8 it's a real challenge a
job
В Tick the words which are both a noun and
a verb.
1 kick
2 score
3 shoot
4 bat
5 course
6 bully
WORD-BUILDING
A Complete the sentences with a negative form
of the correct adjective.
comfortable
fair
fit
reliable
usual
1 The bus is always breaking down - the service
is very
2 I'm sorry, but I'm
to come to the
meal on Saturday.
16 OUTCOMES
COLLOCATIONS
A Match the two halves of the collocations.
1 a basketball
a) helmet
2 a race
b) pitch
3 a cycle
c) court
4 a football
d) course
В Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the verbs in the list. Look up the verbs if you
need help.
W O R D FAMILIES
able
4 It's
if some people get more
money than others.
5 It's very
to have snow in the
summer.
6 I can't play football - I'm too
download persuade pull score set suit train
1 He
a goal in the last minute of
the game.
2 Oh, no! I think I've
a muscle.
3 You'll have to
hard if you want to
get into the team.
4 It doesn't cost much to
music
from the Internet.
5 Our teacher wants to
us a
challenge.
6 Working from home
my lifestyle.
7 She
me to try tennis.
С Choose the correct verb to go with each noun.
Look up the nouns if you need help.
1 make /do weights
2 tootfend/possafuneral
3 to have/keepyour balance
4 to reach/arrive the semi-final
5 to build up /make up your strength
6 to have /suffer уош arm in plaster
D Complete the missing adjectives.
1 Baseball has a lot of rules - it's quite a
c__
__dgame.
2 I'll never get into the team - I'm r__
__hat
sport!
3 They all stood in a s _ _
_ _ t line to have
their photo taken.
4 He's always telling me how good he is at
tennis - he's so b__-h
d!
5 My legs are sos
f, I can hardly walk!
6 He punched me and gave me a b
у
nose.
VOCABULARY BUILDER 17
WORKING LIFE
PACES
36-7
accountant an accountant is someone whose job is
to organize financial records for a company or a
person. The noun is accounts. The subject you study
is accountancy: he's an - for a big law firm /1 need
to talk to my - / my - sorts out all my finances /she
helped me do my accounts / work in the accounts
department /he wants to study accountancy
bonus a bonus is extra money you get from your boss
because you have worked hard or done well: all the
staff get an end-ofyear - / I'll get a - if I meet all
my sales targets / a Christmas civil servant a civil servant is someone who works
for a government department. All the people and
departments together are called the civil service:
she's a - / a senior - (with a high rank)/get a job
in the civil service / apply for the civil service (apply
to work there)
competitive if an industry is competitive, everyone
in it is trying hard to do better than everyone else.
The noun is competition.The verb is compete:
advertising is a very - industry / a very - market /
there's a lot of competition for jobs / the company
faces competition from abroad / small companies
find it hard to compete in the market
contract a contract is a formal legal agreement
between two groups. It says what one or both of
the two sides has to do. Contract is also a verb: he's
only got a temporary job - / get a permanent - /
the company won a big sales - / sign the -/ifwe
delay, we could lose the whole - / we're -ed to work
37 hours a week
deadline the deadline is the time or date by which
something has to be done: when's the -for this
work? / we have to meet this - / they're working to
a very tight - (with very little time) / / don't want
to miss the -
18 OUTCOMES
delivery delivery is the act of taking things such as
goods or letters to a place. The verb is deliver: we'll
get the order ready for - / they pack all the orders
for - / we make daily deliveries / send it by express (very quick) / we can deliver direct to your door
demanding if a situation or a person is demanding,
they need a lot of your time, attention and energy.
The noun is demand. Demand is also a verb: a
physically - job / my boss is very - /a very - child /
children make a lot of demands on your time / they
are demanding a pay rise
engineer an engineer is someone whose job is to
design or make machines, electrical equipment,
roads, bridges, railways, etc. The subject you
study is engineering: he's an electrical - /
a mechanical - /a software - (who makes new
software for computers)/a civil - (who designs
roads, bridges etc) / do a degree in engineering /
she works for an engineering company
finances your finances are the amount of money you
have. The adjective is financial: / need to sort out
my personal - /he deals with the company's - /
their - are in a mess / he's got financial problems /
the end of the financial year
form a form is an official document that has spaces
for you to add information:/?// in a -/ complete
the - / an application - / send the - off
in charge if you are in charge,you control something
or are responsible for it: be - of the whole
department / she's - of 30 sales reps / he was put of the team / who's - here?
insecure if something is insecure, it is not safe or
protected.The noun is insecurity: his job is very (he could lose it) / the workers face an - future /
financial insecurity / growing economic insecurity
involved in if you are involved in an event or an
activity, you take part in it: they were - designing
the software / he was mainly - planning the
advertising campaigns /I'm not - that project /
get - crime
permanent if something is permanent, it lasts for
a long time or forever: he's looking for a - job /a
mixture of - and temporary staff / after 3 months,
they offered her a - contract / cause - damage
recruit if you recruit people for a company or an
organization,you persuade them to join.The
noun is recruitment: - people for the company I volunteers / be -ed into the army / a recruitment
agency (which helps to recruit people for jobs) /
the industry is facing a recruitment crisis
responsibility your responsibilities are the things you
have to deal with.The adjective is responsible: the
directors have a lot of - / she doesn't have much - /
a position of - (a job with a lot of responsibility) /
refuse to accept -for the problem / be responsible
for packing all the orders /you will be financially
responsible for any damage
research research is the study of something in order
to find out more about it. Research is also a verb.
A person who does this is a researcher: he works in and development / we need to do more - into the
subject / carry out market - / a very well -ed piece
of work / a TV researcher
rewarding if something is rewarding, doing it gives
you pleasure, or brings you money or satisfaction.
The verb is reward. Reward is also a noun: a veryjob / it's financially - / emotionally - /a very experience / they will be generously rewarded / a
reward for all your hard work
supportive if people are supportive, they help you
and understand your situation. The verb is support.
Support is also a noun: my colleagues are very - /
I've got a - boss / we'll support you whatever you
decide to do / his parents offered him financial
support
temporary if something is temporary, it only lasts for
a limited period of time: a - job/a - contract /workers I living in - accommodation /a- address
training if you get training at work.you are taught
how to do a job. The verb is train: give workers
the - they need /you will get on-the-job -/go
on a - course /receive - /train staff to deal with
problems / she wants to train to be a police officer
varied if something is varied, it changes a lot or
it consists of lots of different kinds of things.
The verb is vary. The noun is variety: the work is
interesting and very - /' a very - group of people /
a - range of products / prices vary quite a lot / they
offer a wide variety of courses
warehouse a warehouse is a large building where
goods are kept before they are sold or moved to
shops: he works in a - /a big furniture - / pick up
the goods from the -
PACES
38-9
ID card ID stands for identity. ID cards are official
cards that prove who you аге-.you have to show
your - to get into the building / have to carry - at
all times /сап I see your -, please?
notice if you give someone notice about something,
you warn them that it is going to happen in the
future:you have to give a month's - ifyou want to
leave/hand in your - at work (say you are going
to leave) / he asked me to do it at short notice
(without much warning)
order an order is a request to make, supply or deliver
something. Order is also a verb: we need to
complete this - by Saturday (get it ready to deliver
to someone) / they were late with my - / their job
is to pack all the ~s I get the ~s ready for delivery /
phone to place an - / we could - a new one for you
perform if you perform, you entertain a group of
people by acting, singing, dancing, etc.The noun
is performance.The people who do this are
performers: my son's - ing in a school concert / she
writes and -s her own music /the play was first -ed
in 1854 / she gave a brilliant performance / he's a
great performer
photocopy a photocopy is a piece of paper that has
been copied from another piece of paper by a
machine. Photocopy is also a verb.The machine is
a photocopier.The noun is photocopying: I'll make
a - for you / we can run off a few quick -ies / send
a - of your passport / I'll photocopy the contract
and send it to you / the photocopier is out of order /
who does the photocopying in the office?
MACHINE-RELATED VERBS
We often make verbs from the names of
machines, especially to talk about ways of
sending information. For example, we photocopy
things, or make photocopies, using a photocopier
In the same way, we can use a fax machine to
fax things, or fax them over, to people; we can
phone people using our telephones or mobiles;
we can email people and we can even text them
or SMS them.
PACES
40-1
abuse abuse is violent or unfair treatment of a
person, especially by someone stronger. Abuse
is also a verb: she gets a lot of-from her boss /
children who suffer -/ sexual/physical - /the
country is accused of human rights - s Ia victim
of - / she was emotionally abused at work
bend if you bend something, you make it folded and
not straight. Bend is also a noun.The adjective is
bent: a strong metal that won't - easily / the job
involves -ing over a lot and lifting heavy objects I
she bent down and picked up the letter / -your
arm / there's a sharp - in the road / the wheel got
bent out of shape
body a body is a dead person: they found a - in the
lake / chemicals that are used to preserve dead
bodies / the police are still examining the conditions conditions are the situation or place in
which something happens: they work in terrible - /
the workers are demanding better working - / - in
coal mines have improved a lot / they have to put
up with poor living - / driving -are poor
cramped if a place is cramped, there is not enough
space: the office is a bit -/we work in - conditions /
a-flat
dust dust is the very small pieces of dry dirt that
cover surfaces. Dust is also a verb. The adjective is
VOCABULARY BUILDER 19
dusty: wear a mask if there is a lot of- / workers
who are exposed to - f the floor was covered in - / a
layer of - / clouds of- /you need to - those shelves
/the road was hot and dusty
endlessly if something happens endlessly, it seems as
if it never finishes.The adjective is endless: she was
tired of- cleaning and polishing the shoes of the
rich / it rained - / he talks - about football / they
have endless arguments
expose if you expose somebody to something,you
make it possible that something harmful or
dangerous will happen to them: the workers were
-d to dangerous chemicals /you mustn't - them
to danger / a lot of children are still-dto cigarette
smoke
grateful if you feel grateful to someone,you are glad
that they have helped you or given you something.
The adverb is gratefully: the families are very -for
the work I've done / I'm - for all your help / I'd be
very - if you could phone me / all suggestions will
be gratefully received
handle if you handle something, you touch it or move
it:you shouldn't - rotting meat / nurses often have
to - dirty nappies / Fragile - - with care!
lift if you lift something, or lift it up, you move it to a
higher place.The noun is lifting: he has to - heavy
objects / - me up so I can see/go to the gym to weights / don't do any lifting or you'll hurt your back
mean if someone is mean, they are not willing to
spend any of their money or they are unkind or
cruel: he's very - with money / she's too - to buy a
new one / that was a - thing to say / don't be - to
your little sister
nappy a nappy is the white cloth a baby wears
around its middle: nurses often have to handle
dirty nappies I change the baby's -la bag of
disposable nappies
preserve if you preserve something,you keep it fresh,
or to stop it from being destroyed. The noun is
preservation: chemicals that help to - dead
bodies /the need to - historic buildings / different
ways of preserving fruit / preservation of the
environment/food preservation
put up with if you put up with something
unpleasant, you accept it or tolerate it:factory
workers have to - high levels of noise / they have
to - cramped living conditions /1 won't - any bad
behaviour /1 don't know how you - him!
20 OUTCOMES
relatively if something is relatively good, it is good
when compared to similar things. The adjective
is relative: a - quick and easy way of earning
money / it's - easy to find / their furniture is cheap /he did - well in the exam / a period of
relative stability
risk if you risk something,you put it in a situation
where it might be damaged or destroyed. Risk is
also a noun.The adjective is risky: I don't want to - my
life / if you go too close,you - catching the disease
/ he has -ed everything he owns /young drivers
often take ~s / it's risky to invest all your money in
shares / oil exploration is a risky business
rot if something rots, it decays as a result of slow
natural processes.The adjective is rotten: sugars
your teeth /the wood had all -ted / rotten eggs /
rotten meat
side effects side effects are unpleasant and
unplanned effects of a medicine: they test new
drugs for - such as vomiting or headaches I some
patients suffer - / the drug causes some nasty - /
these drugs can have serious slam if you slam something,you hit it hard against a
hard surface: she -med down the phone I he -med
the door in my face / the bus -med into the back of
a car / he -med his fist down on the table
stare if you stare at something,you look at it for a
long time: I don't want to - at a computer all day /
it's rude to - at people /she was staring into space /
I couldn't stop staring at her
straight away if you do something straight away,
you do it immediately: I'll phone him - /1 have to
leave-/ I'll do it swear if you swear, you use rude or offensive words.
The past tense is swore.The past participle is
sworn: sometimes customers shout and - /he
started to - at me/don't - in front of the children /
I never use - words at work
wage your wage is the money you get for your job
each day, week or month: he earns a good - / they
pay him the minimum - (the lowest wage allowed
by law) / they get a bit more than the average - /
they are protesting about low ~s / an hourly/daily/
weekly -
С Write the jobs from these words.
1 accountancy
an
2 civil service
a..
3 engineering
an
4 research
a..
EXERCISES
PREPOSITIONS
A Complete the sentences with the correct
preposition.
1 He's got a job
the civil service.
2 She's very mean
her money.
3 Her parents make a lot of demands
her time.
4 Who is in charge
the warehouse?
5 She was involved
organizing the event.
6 The deadline
the work is Friday.
7 Who is responsible
this problem?
8 There is a variety
courses to choose from.
В Choose the correct preposition.
1 She works in/on a warehouse.
2 Can you do this in / at short notice?
3 The miners work for / in terrible conditions.
4 Farm workers are often exposed to/at
dangerous chemicals.
5 We're very grateful/or/ to all you've done.
6 Why is he always so mean with / to me?
7 You shouldn't put up with /for these terrible
working conditions.
8 Why are you staring at / to me?
W O R D FAMILIES
A Complete the expressions with the correct form
of the word in bold.
1 it's ready for delivery we can
on Friday
2 it's your responsibility who is
?
3 receive training
new
staff
4 varied work
a
of
different courses
5 perform on stage
she's a great
6 risk your life
a
job
В Complete the sentences with the correct nouns
from the words in brackets.
1 They face a period of financial
(insecure)
2 There's a lot of
forjobsatthe
moment, (competitive)
3 Hegetsalotof
from his family.
(supportive)
4 He got the job through a
agency.
(recruit)
5 She received a
of£iooofor
finding the money, (rewarding)
6 I can't make a copy because the
has broken.(photocopy)
COLLOCATIONS
A Complete the collocations with the verbs in the
list. Look up the verbs if you need help.
slam
preserve
expose
swear
handle
perform
1
on the stage
2
someone to danger
3
with care
4
historic buildings
5
the door
6 shout and
В Match the nouns to the verbs. Look up the
nouns (a-d) if you need help.
1 sign
a) an order with a company
2 meet
b) a contract
3 carry out
c) a deadline
4 place
d) research
С Choose the correct verb to go with each noun.
Look up the nouns if you need help.
1 get/doa bonus
2 fill in / write a form
3 get /make training
4 carry / wear an ID card
5 do/give notice to quit your job
6 gain / earn a wage
D Which TWO adjectives do not collocate with
job!
cramped demanding insecure
permanent
rewarding supportive temporary
PATTERNS
A Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form
(to +infinitive or -ing)
1 He's contracted
35 hours a week.
(work)
2 Were you involved in
the
product? (design)
3 Who is responsible for
the
office? (clean)
4 He's training
a teacher, (be)
5 I don't want to risk
myjob. (lose)
VOCABULARY BUILDER 21
GOING SHOPPING
PAGES 4 2 - 3
avoid if you avoid something,you try not to do it or
experience it: try to ~ repeating words when you
write / / managed to - the rush hour /1 think Sam
is -ing me (trying to avoid speaking to me)
carve if you carve wood or stone,you make a design
in it by cutting it,The adjective is carved.The
noun is carving: visitors like to - their names in the
wood / a beautiful ~d wooden mask / some lovely
carvings on the front of the building
china china is a special kind of clay used to make
plates, cups, etc: a lovelyhand-painted - plate /the
cups are all made of - / a - ornament
clay clay is a kind of soil which becomes very hard
when it is dried and heated. It is used to make
bowls, pots, etc: a lovely - pot / it's made of - / a
small -figure I heavy - soil / play tennis on acourt
cute in British English, something which is cute is
small and attractive, in a slightly childish way. In
American English, it can also mean someone is
good-looking: what a - little dog/she's so gorgeous something that is gorgeous looks beautiful
or tastes delicious: о - silk rug / they have a house / he's-1 this ice cream is - / what a - day!
hang if you hang something somewhere,you put
it so that it is held at the top, and the bottom
doesn't touch the ground: - your jacket on the
back of the door / - your clothes in the wardrobe/(up) a painting / - up your coat
insult if you insult someone, you say something rude
to them or about them.The noun is insult: he -ed
me several times / they're -ing us by offering so
little money / how dare you - me! / they shouted
insults at us
last if something lasts, it continues for a long time:
the battery ~s quite a long time / those cars -
22 OUTCOMES
forever / he was being nice to me, but I knew it
wouldn't mass mass means that there is a lot of something.
It is used as a prefix, and as an adjective and noun:
--producedcars (produced in large numbers) /
they make clothes for the - market (to be sold in
large numbers)/a - protest by students / he was
accused of- murder / a period of - unemployment /
there's masses of food left over
match if you match something,you find something
which is equal or similar: we'll - their price (make
our price the same as theirs) / the company has
-ed the sales it made last year (achieved the same
amount) /the blood they found at the murder ~es
his / those trousers don't -your jacket
offer if you make an offer, you suggest a price or deal:
that's my final - / he made a good -for the house /
the shoes were on special - (at a cheaper price)
package a package is a combination of several things
that are offered to you together for one price or as
part of one deal: a special - that is offered to new
employees / I've bought a whole software - / a holiday (travel and accommodation are included
in the price)
pot a pot is a container that is used for cooking,
keeping food, or growing plants in: a clay -for
cooking / a cupboard for -s and pans /a- of jam /
a tea - / a flower room if there is room for something, there is enough
space for it: there's - for 200 people / is there - in
the car for me? / there isn't much - to dance / can
you make -for us to sit down? / there's plenty ofover here / a large sofa would take up too much rug a rug is a carpet which covers only part of the
floor, or a thick blanket you can sit on: a handwoven - /a - in front of the fire / lie on a - on the
floor / spread a - on the grass to sit on
store if you store something, you keep it somewhere
when you are not using it. The noun is storage:
the answerphone can - 500 messages / a music
player that can - up to 10,000 songs /1 ~d some of
my old books in the garage / the goods are ~d in a
warehouse / there's not much storage space
tacky something that is tacky looks cheap and
unfashionable: a - plastic hat /it looks a bit - /a
shop selling - souvenirs
silk silk is a fine, smooth, natural material which
is produced by an insect called a silkworm. It is
usually expensive: a beautiful - scarf / a dress
made of- / it's made of pure uneven if something is uneven, it is not the same
level, size, colour, quality, etc, across all its parts.
The adverb is unevenly: the colour on the walls is a
bit - / the floor's - / the teams are - / the grass is
very - / the economy has grown unevenly
upgrade when you upgrade something, you get a
better or more recent form of the same thing.
Upgrade is also a noun: / need to - my computer I
the airline -d me to first class /1 downloaded anfrom the Internet
woven a material that is woven is made from threads
that are crossed over and under each other.The
verb is weave: a hand-- rug /a - basket / the
women weave cloth to sell / a weaving machine
PAGES 4 4 - 5
afford if you can afford something,you have enough
money to buy it. If you can afford the time for
something,you have enough time to do it: she
can't - a new car / I can't - to buy aflat /1 can't to take time off work /1 couldn't - to live in London
/1 can only just - to pay the rent
brand a brand is the name a company gives to its
product: he only buys designer ~s / a famous - /a
new - of washing powder / they want to improve
the - image
bright bright colours are light and strong, not dark. If
a room or house is bright, a lot of light comes in:
she wears a lot of- colours / the kitchen is lovely
and - /she's got - blue eyes / a - light /the sun's
very chain a chain is a set of metal rings, joined together
in a line. You can wear a small chain as a
decoration: she was wearing a delicate silver round her neck / a heavy gold - /the-on a bicycle /
the prisoners were kept in ~s (tied up with chains)
do without if you do without something, you do not
buy it or use it even though you would like it: we
had to - holidays because we couldn't afford
them /1 can't - my mobile /1 can't - 8 hours sleep a
night /the team s going to have to - its star player
exception an exception is a person or thing that is
different from others: usually it's cold in December,
but this year was an - / there are some -s to this
rule / we're all going out - with the - of Tim (he is
not going) / we don't usually allow days off, but
I'll make an - in your case / he goes for a bike ride
every day, without fit if something fits, it is the right size. Fit is also a
noun: the shirt doesn't - me/ it -s perfectly / we
can't all - in the car/the sofa won't - through the
door /1 like this jumper, and it's a good - /we can
all get in, but it's a tight - (there isn't much room)
heel the heel is the bottom of a shoe at the back. Your
heel is the back part of your foot: wear shoes with
high ~s / my - was rubbing on the shoe / my~'s sore
label the label on something you buy is the part that
has the name of the brand and other information
on it. If you label something,you put a label on it:
he'll only buy something if it's got a designer - /
the washing instructions are on the - / check the before you wash something / the -s sticking out on
your T-shirt /-your suitcase with your name
mall a mall is a very large building containing lots
of different shops. In Britain, it is often called a
shopping centre: we usually shop in a out-of-town
shopping - / the kids hang out in the outfit an outfit is a set of clothes that you wear
together: / need to buy a new -for the wedding /
that's a nice out of business if a shop or company goes out of
business, it has to close because it is not making
any money: a lot of small shops are going - / this
could put us - / we risk going -
OUT
Prepositions like out can have different meanings
when used in different expressions, but there
are often one or two important meanings. For
example, out often means no longer in a place or
situation:
be out of business: no longer doing business
be out of power: no longer in a position of power
be out of fashion: no longer fashionable
be out of the game: no longer playing because
you have lost or been injured
be out of date: no longer relevant, modern or
fashionable
be out of danger: no longer in a dangerous
situation
be out of trouble: no longer in a bad situation
i be out of hospital: no longer in hospital
drop out of university: stop doing a course at
university
be thrown out of the class: be asked to leave the
class
have a tooth out: have a tooth removed
be knocked out in the semi-final: to lose the
semi-final and so be no longer in the competition
overdraft an overdraft is a debt you have at a bank
when you have spent more than you have in your
account.The adjective is overdrawn: / have a
€200 - / I've gone into my - at the bank / he's got a
big - / I'm overdrawn at the bank
owe if you owe money to someone, you have
borrowed money from them and have not paid it
back yet: / - €JOOO on my credit card / Tom ~s me
£10 / how much do I-you?/1 - him a favour (he
did me a favour so I must do one for him)
plain something that is plain is simple, with no extra
parts or decoration: 0 - blue shirt /a - suit /the
food was quite - / use - language
retail retail is anything to do with shops and selling
goods to customers: / work in - / the - industry /
VOCABULARY BUILDER 2B
the - price (the price something is usually sold
for in the shops) // think I need some - therapy
(shopping to make you feel more cheerful)
scruffy if someone looks scruffy, they are untidy: he
looks - / a —looking guy / wear - jeans /a - old
shirt / - hair
shop around if you shop around,you go to several
places to find the best price before you buy
something: it's a good idea to - before you buy /
- to find the best price / -for a bargain
smart if you look smart,you look tidy and wear
quite formal clothes. The opposite is casual: it's
important to look -for an interview / you're very
- - are you going somewhere special' I wear
something sales the sales are when shops sell a lot of things
cheaper than normal for a few weeks: /got this
coat in the - / the - are on at the moment / when
do the - start? / wait for the - before you buy
second-hand if something is second-hand, another
person has had it before you:you can buy fridges - /
get a - car /a - clothes shop
tag a tag is a piece of paper or plastic that is fixed
to something to give information about it.
Sometimes people wear a name tag with their
name on: can you see the price ~? Ithe shop
assistants were all wearing name -s
tight if clothes are tight, they fit close to your body:
- jeans /a - skirt / this jacket's too - /do the
shoes feel -?
thick something that is thick is not thin. Someone
who is thick is stupid: he was wearing a - coat /
a - woolly jumper /a- book /the wall's are very - /
she's got lovely - hair / Why can't you just do it?
Areyou -?
top a top is a piece of clothing that you wear over on
the top part of your body: she's bought a new - / a
tracksuit - /that - matches your skirt
trendy something which is trendy is very fashionable.
A trend is also a fashion: he looks quite - / wear clothes I'go to a - bar I high heels are quite - at the
moment / this hair style is the latest trend
PACES 4 6 - 7
diet your diet is the food that you eat. If you go on a
diet,you eat less food because you want to
lose weight: we have quite a healthy - 1 eat a
balanced - /you should improveyour - / don't
offer me chocolates - I'm on a - at the moment /
a low-fat - /he's on a special - because of a heart
condition
fake something fake is not real. Fake is also a verb:
the painting looked like a - / a - €20 note /use a
- passport /give - ID/he ~d his own death
ferry a ferry is a large boat that transports people or
cars across a river or sea. Ferry is also a verb: we
can take the - to France / we went on a - across
the lake / we were late and missed the - / the - was
delayed because of rough seas / the - sank
fortune a fortune is a very large amount of money:
It's a lovely ring, but it costs a - / she earns a - /
their house is worth a - I he made a- on the stock
exchange / he lost a - / she spends a - on clothes
gig g i g ' concert of rock or pop music: I've got
some tickets for a-on Saturday / a Rolling Stones - /
go to a - / a great - / what time does the -finish?
hang around if you hang around, you stay
somewhere waiting or doing nothing: we had to outside the stadium, to see if we could get tickets /1
can't -for long / there was a lot of hanging around
helping a helping is a portion of food that you serve:
she gave me a huge - of potatoes / would you like
another-? / have a second - / that's your third-I
queue a queue is a line of people waiting to do
something.The verb is queue (up): there was an
enormous - outside the cinema / wait in the -for
hours / be at the front of the- / is this the end of
the ~? / theyjumped the - (they went straight to the
front of the queue) / we had to queue up for tickets
venue a venue is a place where there is a concert,
party or similar event: the club is a good -for
parties / the castle is sometimes used as a - for
weddings / what was the - like?
a
s 3
EXERCISES
COLLOCATIONS
A Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the verbs in the list.
PREPOSITIONS
A Complete the sentences with the correct
preposition.
1 She carved a flower
the wood.
2 The plates are made
china.
3 Which brand
soap do you buy?
4 I bought this
the sales.
J
last
match
store
upgrade
1 How long will the batteries
?
2 They said they would
the other
company's price.
3 You can
thousands of songs on
some music players.
4 My computer's quite old -1 need to
it.
5 She bought me a jumper, but it doesn't
me.
В Choose the correct preposition.
1 It says what size it is in /on the label.
2 He works in / at retail.
3 I like to shop around with /for bargains.
4 The sales are in/on at the moment.
W O R D FAMILIES
A Complete the expressions with the correct form
of the word in bold.
1 store some old books
need more
space
2 an uneven floor
paint something
3 an overdraft at the bank be
the bank
4 a trendy bar
it's the latest
fit
at
in
hairstyles
В Tick the words which are both a noun and
a verb.
1 afford
2 label
3 fake
g'g
5 queue
6 venue
4
В Complete the collocations with nouns from
the unit.
1 shoes with high h
s
2 a designer I
I
3 a shopping m _ _ I
4 a tracksuit t _ p
5 a healthyd__t
С Choose the correct verbs to complete the
collocations. Look up the nouns if you need
help.
1 He gave /made an offer for the house.
2 The company got / went out of business last
year.
3 You should make I eat a balanced diet
4 Do you have / own an overdraft at the bank?
5 We had to go / wait in the queue for hours.
D Match the adjectives with the nouns. Look up
the adjectives if you need help.
1 a beautiful silk
a) little dog
2 a shop selling tacky
b) dress
3 acute
c)souvenirs
4 lots of bright
d) colours
5 a thick
e) woolly jumper
WORD-BUILDING
A Complete the sentences with the words in
the list.
danger
date
fashion
university
1 Long hair was popular a few years ago, but it's
out of.
now.
2 They knew they were out of
when they saw the rescue helicopter.
3 You can't use this passport - it's out of
4 She wasn't enjoying her course, so she
dropped out of
24 OUTCOMES
PHRASAL VERBS
A Choose the correct phrasal verb.
1 Would you like to hang up /hang around your
coat?
2 It's best to shop around / do without to find
the best price.
3 We had to hang up / hang around for ages,
waiting for him.
4 I hope we don't have to do without / queue up
for tickets.
VOCABULARY BUILDER 25
WORD BUILDING - NEGATIVES
SCHOOL AND STUDYING
PACES 4 8 - 9
cope if you cope, you deal successfully with a difficult
situation: He found it hard to - after his wife died /
I can't - with the workload /she seems to be coping
with the stress very well / he can't - with the pressure
core the core of something is the basic and most
important part of it: English, maths and science are
the - subjects /you have to study five - modules /
their - beliefs / learn - skills
debt a debt is an amount of money that you owe
someone: / managed to pay back all my ~s / he's in (he owes people money)/she got into -/ it's difficult
to get out of- / clear all your ~s (repay them) / / owe
him a huge ~ of gratitude (I'm very grateful to him)
dedicated if you are very dedicated.you spend all your
time and energy on somethingyou feel is very
important.The noun is dedication о very -teacher /
a-father/mother /be- to yourjob / the staff all
showed great dedication / thanks for all your dedication
deserve if you deserve something,you think it is right
for you to get it because you of what you have
done: / think I - a holiday after all that studying /
you - to be thrown out of university if you cheat in
an exam / we -d to win that game
extend if you extend something,you make it longer
or bigger. The noun is extension: the shop has -ed
its opening hours / is it possible to - the deadline? /
I need to - my visa before it runs out / they've built
an extension on their house
first aid first aid is the basic medical treatment you
give someone when they have an accident or
become ill suddenly: doctors gave him - at the
scene of the accident /do a- course /а~ kit
flexible if something is flexible, it is notfixed,but
can change when it needs to.The opposite is
inflexible: the course is pretty - / my work schedule
is quite - /we have - working hours
26 OUTCOMES
You can add in- to some adjectives to mean 'not'
- as in inflexible:
inaccurate: - information / their estimate was
wildly incomplete: the building is still - / we still have an
- understanding of the disease
inconvenient: I'm afraid that's a very - time
incorrect: that's the - answer / some of the facts
were indecisive: she can be very - at times
inexperienced: they're still quite an - team /an
- teacher
inflexible: his manager is very - / have a very attitude
inoffensive: an - comment / an - joke
insensitive: he made some really - comments / a
very - man
invalid:your password is - / I'm afraid your ticket
is i
However, just because an adjective starts with in-,
it doesn't always mean you can remove the in- to
make the opposite. For example, the opposite of
intelligent is unintelligent, stupid, or thick!
IT IT stands for Information Technology. IT is the use
of computers for storing and sending information:
he works in the company's - department / do an
- course /get some - training /call the - help desk
lighten if you lighten a difficult situation,you make it
easier, happier or less stressful: my boss agreed to
- my workload /she made a joke to try and - the
atmosphere /- up! (stop being so serious)
postgraduate a postgraduate course or degree is one
that you do after you receive your first university
degree: do a - course / do some - research /
- students /a - qualification
practical if something is practical, it is useful and
based on real things you can do to improve
a situation, not just ideas. The opposite is
theoretical A practical person is good at dealing
with problems and is usually good at doing things
with their hands: he has a lot of - experience of
working with computers / the course is very - (you
learn skills as well as ideas) /he made some suggestions / she gave us some - advice
revision revision is the work of studying for a test or
an exam.The verb is revise: / did some last-minute
- before the exam / plan your - well in advance /
you'll fail if you don't revise properly
struggle if you struggle, you try very hard to do
something that is difficult. Struggle is also a
noun: she -d up the hill with the heavy bags / I'm
struggling to cope with the workload /we - to pay
all my bills each month /1 - to understand some of
his ideas / she found the course a bit ofa -
PACES 5 0 - 1
abuse abuse of something is the use of it in a bad
way. Abuse is also a verb: the - of illegal drugs /
alcohol - is a big problem in this area /an - of
power / the voting system is open to - (people can
abuse it) / he started to - drugs when he was ц
achievement an achievement is something good that
you have managed to do, usually after a lot of time
and effort. The verb is achieve: getting a degree is
a great - / they were impressed with his academic
~s / that's quite an - /a remarkable - / it gives you
a real sense of - / he has worked hard to achieve
his goals
appreciate if you appreciate something,you
understand why it is good or special.The noun is
appreciation: teach students to - the importance
of wine in French culture /he -sthe good things in
life / learn to - jazz / it's nice to be -d by your boss /
do a film appreciation course
assignment an assignment is a piece of work you
have to do as part of yourjob or your studies: have
a lot of reading ~s to complete before the end of
term / hand in your - by next Friday / he was given
a difficult concerned if you are concerned about something, you
are worried about it.The noun is concern: / asked
my daughter why she was so - about her tests /
they tried to reassure all the - parents / - members
of the public asked for a meeting with the police /
lots of people have expressed concern about the
matter / the flu outbreak is causing concern among
doctors
control if you control people,you make them behave
in the way you want them to behave. Control
is also a noun: he can't even - his own children
/ a good teacher is good at -ling the class / the
government -s every aspect of their lives / learn to
-your temper/as a young teacher, it's easy to lose
- of the class
cover to cover a subject or situation means to include
it or deal with it: the course ~s areas such as
citizenship and the abuse of illegal drugs / the book
-s the whole of the eighteenth century I the lecture
-ed several important topics / we'll - that topic
later on in the course
development a development is a recent event that
changes a situation: his obsession with getting top
marks has been a bad - / there's been a - in the
murder enquiry / some exciting technological ~s
encourage if you encourage someone to do
something,you try to persuade them to do
it.The adjective is encouraging.The noun is
encouragement: we - students to follow their own
interests in their research / cigarette advertising
-syoung people to start smoking / my parents
always ~d me to work hard / the teacher is always
very encouraging / my friends offered some
encouragement /young children need quite a tot
of encouragement
failure a failure is someone or something that has
not achieved success: I felt I was a complete - / the
meeting was a total - / the whole project ended
in go through if you go through something,you look at
it to make sure you understand it: I'll - my notes
before the test / I'll - the paperwork this weekend /
let's - the answers
observe if you observe something,you watch it
very closely in order to understand more about
it. The noun is observation: they ~d the animals
for several weeks /you can learn by observing
more experienced teachers / he was placed under
police observation / be admitted to hospital for
observation
point if you point to something during a discussion
or in an essay,you show how important it is and
you use it as an example to support your ideas: in
his book, he -s to the Danish system of education
as a better model / she -ed to China as an example
ofa rapidly growing economy / to support her
argument she -ed to the situation in Spain
pushy if someone is pushy, they do whatever they can
to get what they want, even if it sometimes makes
other people angry. The verb is push.The verb push
is not as negative as the adjective pushy: teachers
have to deal with some very - parents sometimes
/ a - salesman / our teacher really pushes us to do
well
relevant if something is relevant, it is connected to
what is happening or what is being talked about.
The opposite is irrelevant: they learn skills that
are - too lot of jobs / that's not really - to the
discussion / when you apply for the job, tell us if
you have any - experience /she asked a completely
irrelevant question
respect if you respect something,you show that it is
important to you. If you respect a person,you look
up to them and admire them or you treat them
well. Respect is also a noun: it's important to nature / a teacher needs to gain the kids'-/ if you
behave badlyyou'll lose everyone's - / treat people
with - /he doesn't have much self—
rigid if something is rigid, it is fixed and cannot
be changed easily: they have a very - education
system / he's got some - ideas on how to bring up
children / she's on a very - diet
scream if you scream,you shout in a loud high voice
because you are angry, excited or scared. Scream
is also a noun: she started -ing when she saw the
mouse /1 -edfor help / he was -ing with pain / he
VOCABULARY BUILDER 27
tends to - and shout at people when he's angry /
she let out a loud success success is the noun from the verb succeed. If
you have success,you get a good result: I applied
to go to university but had no- /the new course
has been a great - / she has had some - with her
writing / the drug has a good - rate /the play was
an overnight - /1 hope the project succeeds
PACES 5 2 - 3
affect to affect something means to have an
influence or effect on it: these personal problems
are -ing your academic work / the bullying -ed him
really badly / the storm didn't - this area at all
assessment an assessment is a judgement about
what something is like or how good it is. The verb
is assess: the teacher made a quick - of the class / the
school uses a system of continuous - / the students
are preparing for their final - /a medical - / we
tried to assess the damage
attention attention is the thought or interest
you give to something you are listening to or
watching: she never pays - in class/сап I have
your - please? / he loves being the centre of - (with
everyone watching him)
cheat if you cheat,you break the rules in a game or
an exam, in order to do well. The person who does
this is a cheat: she got caught -ing in an exam / he
always -s at cards / he accused me of being a - /
you're such a -I
counselling counselling is advice you can get from
a someone who is trained to listen to people
and provide support: if you're having problems,
contact the student - service / a lot of couples have
marriage guidance - / he needed a lot of- after
the divorce
detention a detention is a punishment you get at
school. It usually means you have to stay at school
when other students go home: / got a -yesterday /
the teacher gave me a - /he's had five ~s this term
discipline discipline is making people follow rules and
punishing them if they break the rules. Discipline
is also a verb: the school believes in strict - / it's
important to maintain classroom - / she lacks
self— (the ability to control her own behaviour)/
ifyou break the rules,you will be disciplined
(punished)
facilities the facilities in a place are all the buildings,
services and equipment that are available for
people to use: the school doesn't have very good - /
it has excellent sports - / they want to improve
the - here / there's a lack of - in this area
interrupt if you interrupt someone,you say or do
something to stop them when they are talking,
working etc.The noun is interruption: I'm sorry to-,
but can I ask a question? /don't - me while I'm
working / there were a few brief interruptions
litter litter is things that are dropped in public places
and make the places look untidy: don't drop - in
the street / pick your - up/a - bin / clear up all the
- in the park
lively lively means full of life, energy, enthusiasm
or people enjoying themselves: a very - class /a
- teacher / it's a very - area / the school has a atmosphere
reputation the reputation ofa place is how good or
bad people say it is: the school has a very good for sport / it's gained a - as an excellent school /the
course enjoys an international - / the company's
- suffered
rough if a place is rough, it is not very safe because
there is lots of violence or crime there: it's quite a school /a - area
skip if you skip something, you do not do it or have it:
we decided to - class / there's usually a reason for
children -ping school /1 had to - breakfast I let's the next exercise
suspend if you suspend someone, you officially stop
them from going to school or doing their job for a
period of time because they have done something
wrong. Suspend is often used in the passive.The
noun is suspension: he was -edfrom school for
cheating / she's been -edfrom the police force /
both players got a three-match suspension
victim a victim is someone who has been attacked,
hurt or injured, often in a crime: he was a - of
bullying / the ~s of crime / sending food to the
earthquake ~s
warning a warning is a statement telling someone
about something bad that might happen to them.
The verb is warn: she got a written - from the school /
this is your last - /1 warned you not to do that
EXERCISES
1
PREPOSITIONS
2
A Complete the sentences with the correct
preposition.
1 I can't cope
the stress.
2 She seemed very concerned
her exams.
3 Have you ever cheated
an exam?
4 The college has a good reputation
music.
5 He was suspended
school
fighting.
6 They offer help to victims
bullying.
W O R D FAMILIES
A Complete the expressions with the correct form
of the word in bold.
1 dedicated doctors
show great
2 do plenty of revision
foran
exam
3 a great achievement
your
goals
4 encourage someone give
5 pushyparents
a lot of parents
their
children
6 a great success
in your
career
WORD-BUILDING
A Complete the sentences with a negative form
of the correct adjectives.
accurate complete
sensitive valid
convenient
3
4
5
В Match the two halves of the collocations.
1 do a postgraduate
a) skills
2 be a complete
b) failure
3 believe in strict
c) discipline in schools
4 have excellent sports
d) course in
engineering
5 learn core
e) facilities
С Choose the correct verbs to complete the
collocations. Look up the nouns if you need
help.
1 He got /did a warning from his teacher.
2 I must make/do some revision tonight.
3 Don't forget to hand in/put in your assignment.
4 Please give /pay attention!
5 If he does that again, he'll get/do a detention.
D Complete the missing adjectives.
1 averyd_d__ __d teacher
2 have complaints from some с _ n
parents
3 they're a very I _v __y class
4 a school in a r__g h area
5 a very r _ g _ d education system
No, it can't be 2 o'clock-that's an
time for me.
2 She's only just started teaching, so she's still
quite
3 I typed my password in, but it said it was
4 They started building the new theatre two
years ago, but it's still
5 The first estimate they gave us was
- it cost much more than that in
the end.
6 He's very
- he never thinks
about other people's feelings.
COLLOCATIONS
__d
PATTERNS
experienced
1
I've been working hard, so I
a
holiday.
They've decided to
opening hours
to attract more customers.
I had too much work, so I asked my boss to
my workload.
You should learn to
yourtemper.
Children often
school if they are
unhappy.
A Complete the sentences with the correct form of
the verbs in the list. Use to + infinitive or -ing.
I
achieve
1
2
3
4
5
6
cheat
cope
do
pass
work
He's worked hard, so he deserves
his exam.
My parents have always encouraged me
hard.
The teachers push the students
good exam results.
He was suspended from school for
in the exam.
I warned you not
that again!
She's struggling
with all the
work.
A Complete the sentences with the verbs in the
list. Look up the verbs if you need help.
control
28 OUTCOMES
deserve
extend
lighten
skip
VOCABULARY BUILDER 29
8
EATING
PACES 5 4 - 5
bland if something is bland, it has no taste or
character: that cheese tastes - / his food is a bit - /
I find that music a bit diabetic someone who is diabetic has an illness and
cannot control the level of sugar in their blood. The
illness is called diabetes: I'm - /you can get special
chocolate for ~s / she's got diabetes / he suffers
from diabetes
dish a dish is a particular way of preparing food.
Dishes often have names: his favourite - is
spaghetti bolognese / there are plenty of ~es to
choose from I a meat ~ / a traditional Creek fattening if food is fattening, it can make you fat
if you eat a lot of it: try to avoid -foods such as
chocolate / potatoes are quite filling if food is filling,you only have to eat a small
amount to feel full: a ~ soup/ I've had enough
thanks - it was very fussy if someone is fussy about food, there are lots of
kinds of food that they don't like or refuse to eat:
you shouldn't be so - /young children are often
quite - about food I a - eater
go for if you go for something, you choose it: / think
I'll - the steak
greasy if something is greasy, it has a lot of oil or fat
in it or on it: the chips are a bit - / my hands are - /
shampoo for - hair
30 OUTCOMES
WORD BUILDING: ADJECTIVES THAT END WITH -Y
We often add -y to nouns to make an adjective
like greasy (from the noun grease). It usually
means it has a lot of the noun or is like the noun.
buttery: a lovely - taste
crunchy: - biscuits
juicy: - steak
mouldy: go oily: - fish
rubbery: a - texture
salty: too spicy: a - curry
sugary: - drinks
watery: the soup's a bit -
product a product is something which is made,
grown, or produced: I'm allergic to dairy ~s (foods
produced from milk) /he won't use any animal ~s /
his job is to develop new -s / bring a new ~ onto
the market
raw if something is raw, it is not cooked, not
developed or not changed in any way: -fish /
- meat I - carrots / the meat is still ~ in the
middle / have - talent (not developed yet) / only
see the - data (not organized yet)
side a side dish is an extra dish, usually of vegetables
or salad, that you eat with your main meal. You
can also say that you have this extra dish on the
side: would you like any ~ dishes with your fish? /
I'll have a salad as a - dish / Can I have some chips
on the -?
stuffed food that is stuffed is cooked with a mixture
of other foods inside it: chicken - with lemon and
tomatoes /a- pepper
stew a stew is a mixture of meat or vegetables that
is cooked slowly in a sauce: we had a delicious ~
made with goat meat / a chicken ~ / a fish ~ / make
a nice - / what's in the ~f
talk through if you talk someone through something,
you explain it to them carefully: can you talk us
through the menu? /he talked us through the
contract
tender if food is tender, it is soft and easy to eat. A
tender plant is delicate. A tender person is gentle
and sensitive: the meat was - and juicy I the steak
is very - / boil the potatoes until they are - /
- plants won't withstand frost /a- song /a - kiss
texture the texture of something is how it feels to
touch: / hate the - offish / it's got a funny
(strange) - / a lovely smooth - / a rough -
PACES 5 6 - 7
adventurous if you are adventurous, you like trying
lots of different and exciting things. The opposite
is unadventurous: he's not a very - eater / a holiday
for - travellers
bound to if something is bound to happen, it is
certain that it will happen: we're-find a good
restaurant somewhere in the town / it's - rain /
that accident was - happen sooner or later /
they're -find out
exceptional something that is exceptional is
extremely good or extremely unusual. The adverb
is exceptionally: she's an - student (very good) /
he showed - courage / this is only allowed in circumstances /an exceptionally good meal
goods goods are things that are produced so that
they can be sold: the shop sells a wide range of - /
they stock Italian - / electronic - / leather left over if something is left over, it has not been
eaten or used. The noun is leftovers: is there any
soup ~? / use any meat that is -/put the leftovers
in the fridge
manners manners are ways of behaving that are
considered to be polite: it's good - to serve other
people first / talking with your mouth full is seen as
bad - / that man has no -I
mould mould is the blue, white or black substance
that covers food when it becomes bad. The
adjective is mouldy: there was blue - on the bread /
there's - on the walls because of the damp
overseas if you go overseas, you go to a different
country across the sea: he often travels - for work /
they live - /he works - / the company has moved
production - / the college has a lot of- students
(from other countries)
round if you go round or over to someone's house,
you go to visit them: / went - to see Tim / they
invited us - for dinner / he popped - to say hello
split if you split something,you divide it into smaller
parts which are usually equal: shall we - the bill? /
they agreed to - the profits / we'll - it so-so (per
cent) / - the cake intofivepieces
spread if you spread something,you cover an area
with it. If a thing spreads, it covers an area or
affects more and more people: - butter on
bread / - jam on toast / - the good news (tell lots
of people) / the disease can - quickly
starving if you say you are starving, it means you are
very hungry. You also say that someone is starving
if they are dying because they do not have enough
food. The verb is starve: / was - by lunchtime / I'm
absolutely - / people are - to death I help the children in Africa
stock if a shop stocks something, it has it so it is
available. Stock is also a noun: they don't - French
cheeses / the shop ~s a huge range of sports
equipment / I'm sorry, that book is out of - (there
are none in the shop) /doyou have any more in ~?
transfer if you transfer something,you move it to
another place. If you transfer someone, you send
them to another place: the company -red me to
the States (sent me there to work) /she's been -red
to the sales department / we were -red to the hotel
by bus /1 want to - I500 to my savings account
variation a variation is a difference between things
that are generally similar: the dish is cooked all over
Italy, but there's a lot of regional - / this is a slight on a traditional recipe / there is considerable - in
price
PAGES 5 8 - 9
advertise if you advertise something,you make sure
people know about what you have: they should in the paper / it was -don TV /the company is
advertising for new recruits
appetite your appetite is the normal feeling of
hunger you have before a meal: that walk has
given me an - / he's got a good - /don't have
sweets now - it'll spoil your - / I've lost my - (I
don't feel hungry)
attract if something attracts you, it makes you feel
interested so that you want to see it or visit it: the
restaurant wants to - more customers / - tourists /
his ideas have -ed a lot of interest / she -s a lot of
attention
ban if you ban something,you have a rule or law
which stops it happening. Ban is often used in
the passive. Ban is also a noun: They should adverts with really thin girls / smoking is -ned in
all public placed / he was -ned from driving for
three months / the government has introduced a on smoking
bare if something is bare, it is empty and not filled
or covered with anything. If someone is bare, they
have no clothes on: the place looks cold and - / the
walls are completely - / walk around in - feet
blame if you blame someone or something, you say
that they have caused a problem: / - the media for
all the fuss / don't - me! /1 - the government for
the mess / who's to-? / human activity is to -for
climate change
decor the decor is the style of furniture and
decoration in a building: a smart new restaurant
with trendy - /1 like the - here / they should
improve the deserted if somewhere is deserted, there is no-one
there: the city centre is -at night/ the beach was - /
a - building
disorder a disorder is a medical problem: a lot of
teenage girls have eating -s / he suffers from a
heart - / a stomach -
VOCABULARY BUILDER 31
estimate if you estimate, you guess the amount,
value or strength of something. If you
overestimate, your guess is too much. If you
underestimate, your guess is too little: can you the cost of the wedding? /1 ~d that there were 200
people there / / overestimated how much food we
needed / he underestimated how long it would take
generous a generous amount is a very large
amount: the portions weren't very - / she gave me
a very - helping / they offer ~ discounts for groups /
a very - donation
inviting if something looks inviting, it looks pleasant
and makes you want to try it: the food didn't look
very - / the pool looks - / the beach looked limited if something is limited, there is not very much
of it or not many different things: the menu's
quite- /a - choice of dishes / there are - numbers
of tickets / places are -, so apply early
look out over if a building looks out over somewhere,
or overlooks somewhere, it has a view of that
place: our room looks out over the sea / the front
window looks out over the mountains / the house
overlooks a main road
organic something organic is natural and does not
use or contain artificial chemicals: the food is all-/
I only drink - milk / - farming is expanding / anfarmer
overpower if one thing overpowers other things,
it is too strong so that the other things are not
noticeable. If one person overpowers another,
they defeat them. The adjective is overpowering:
the onions - the taste of everything else / an
overpowering taste of lemon / her perfume is
overpowering /government soldiers -ed the rebels
packed if something is packed, it is very full and
contains a lot of people or things: the town
centre was - / the train was - / the drink is - with
vitamins / an action—film (full of action)
react if you react to something, you behave in a
particular way when that thing happens to you. If
you overreact,your behaviour is too extreme: how
did he - when you told him? /she -ed badly to the
news / they -ed angrily / the government -ed by
closing the embassy /1 think you're overreacting
stick if you stick with something, you continue to do
it or use it even when there are problems: / think
I'll - with my own ideas / I'm going to - with my
job and see if it gets better / she finds it hard to - to
a diet / we all have to - to the rules
swap if you swap something, you exchange it for
another thing can we - places? we -ped phone
numbers (told each other our phone numbers)
terrace a terrace is an area just outside a building
or room where you can sit: the restaurant has a overlooking the sea /sit out on the - / aroof tough food that is tough is hard and difficult to eat.
Something that is tough is also hard or strong, or
difficult to do: the steak was -and overcooked / the
plastic is quite - (difficult to break)/it's a very - exam /
it was a - decision to leave /she had a - time at
school (with many problems)
vote if you vote for someone, you choose them in
an election. If someone's voted out, or voted
off something, they lose their position after an
election: she was ~d off the show / the public
-dfor him to stay in the competition / -for the
Republican Party / the Conservatives were -d out at
the last election
weight your weight is how heavy you are: / need to
lose - / she's put on - /1 try to watch my - (eat
carefully so that I don't get heavier) / he worries
about his -
5
6
EXERCISES
В Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the verbs in the list. Look up the verbs if you
need help.
PREPOSITIONS
A Complete the sentences with the correct
preposition.
1 Some people are starving
death.
2 I'm afraid those toys are
of stock.
3 He was banned
driving.
4 Whodoyoublame
thisproblem?
5 Fresh fruit is packed
vitamins.
6 She reacted badly
the news.
7 It's difficult to stick
a diet.
8 Who did you vote
in the election?
estimate
The shop
Can you
The pepper
Can we
the window?
5 I think I'll
A Complete the expressions with the correct form
of the word in bold.
1 he's diabetic
suffer from
good
in
the fridge
5 some mould on the cheese a piece of
bread
A Complete the sentences with adjectives formed
from the nouns.
1
2
3
4
5
6
grease
sugar
Fried food is often too
The biscuits had a lovely
Salmon is a type of
I love hot
food.
This soup is horrible and
You shouldn't drink too many
drinks.
spice
swap
a wide range of products.
the cost of the holiday?
all the other flavours.
places so that I'm next to
with this job for a while.
С Complete the collocations with nouns from
the unit.
1 a traditional Italian d _ _ h
2 he doesn't use animal p__
__s
3 they sell a lot of leather g
s
4 suffer from an eating d__
__r
5 a restaurant with a roof t __ __e
D Which of the following words do not collocate
with the nouns?
1 good / bad / strong manners
2 spoil / lose /findyour appetite
3 lose / put on / get weight
4 a smooth / rough / big texture
fattening
raw
generous
tender
limited
taste.
2
3
4
5
fish.
advertise attract ban split spread transfer
the bill between us
butter on bread
him to another office
something on TV
deserted
organic
1 She doesn't eat chocolate because it's
A Complete the collocations with the verbs in the
list. Look up the verbs if you need help.
32 OUTCOMES
stock
water
COLLOCATIONS
1
2
3
4
stick
E Complete the sentences with the adjectives
from the list.
WORD-BUILDING
butter
overpower
1
2
3
4
W O R D FAMILIES
2 a filling meal
feel
3 an exceptional student
4 there's some food left over put the
some new customers
smoking in the building
You can eat vegetables cooked or
Cook the meat until it is lovely and
At midnight the town centre was
She gave me a very
portion of
chips.
6
food is grown in a natural way.
7 There isn't much choice - the menu's quite
PHRASAL VERBS
A Choose the correct word to complete the
phrasal verb.
1 I'll go to/for the apple pie, please.
2 They invited me round /down for a meal.
3 The restaurant looks out/or/overthe lake.
4 He was voted off / over the show.
5 The Democrats were voted off / out at the last
election.
6 Shall I talk you through/over the contract?
VOCABULARY BUILDER 33
HOUSES
PACES 6 4 - 5
affordable if something is affordable, it is cheap
enough for most people to buy: they're looking
for an - fat / there isn't enough - housing / good
quality products at - prices
back back means in the direction behind you. The
back of a house is the area behind the house.
The back ofa car is the part behind the driver: look - over
your shoulder / children playing in the - garden /
lock the- door / sit in the- seat of a car
block a block is a big building with lots of different
levels. A block is also a group of buildings with
streets on all sides: я - of fats /an office - / a
tower-[a very tall building) /we took a walk
around the -1 walk five ~s
build to build a house, bridge, road, etc, means to
make it.The past tense and the past participle is
built. If an area is built-up, it has lots of buildings
in it: they want to - more skyscrapers in the city /
- a bridge over the river / a newly built block of
flats / houses built in the 1960s / they live in a
very built-up area
compact if something is compact, it is small and does
not use much space: a - fiat in the city centre / a bathroom /a - office /a - car
dark if a place is dark, there is not much light in it.
Dark colours are not light or bright: the flat is quite - /
it's getting - outside / - colours like brown and blue/
she's got quite - hair
enormous If something is enormous, it is very large
in size or amount. The adverb is enormously: they
live in an - house /an - amount of money / I'm
under - pressure at the moment / the film was
enormously enjoyable / the town has changed
enormously
fire fire is the heat and flames made when things
burn: have an open - in the front room / it's
34 OUTCOMES
cold - shall I light thefire?/ a faulty electrical wire
started the - / protesters set - to the embassy /
call the -brigade / try to put the - out/forest ~s
can spread very quickly
fix if you fix something, you repair it. Fix is often used
in the passive: / need to - the lock on that door /
the central heating needs -ing /1 need to get my
car-ed
garage in British English, a garage is a building next
to your house where you keep your car. It is also
a place that repairs cars, or a place where you
can buy petrol (this is a gas station in American
English): park the car in the - / the house has a
double - / take the car to the - to get it repaired /
stop at the next - and fill up with petrol
heating the heating inabuildingis the equipment
that provides heat for the building: we've got
gas central - / the - needs fixing / turn the - on /
shall I turn the - up?(so that it is hotter) / we
haven't got any - at the moment / our - bill was
very high
leak if something is leaking, water or gas is getting
through it or escaping from it. Leak is also a noun:
the roof is -ing / water was -ing from the pipe /
look at all that water - we must have a - /a gas potential if a place or person has potential, there is
the possibility they can improve in the future: the
fiat needs decorating, but it has a lot of- / the area
has enormous - / he's only a young player, but he
has - / she hasn't reached her full -yet
rent If you rent a house or flat, you pay money to the
owner so that you can live in it. If you rent a car,
you pay money so that you can use it for a while.
Rent is also a noun: I'm -ing a small fiat in the
centre of town / he ~s the room to students (allows
students to live in it in return for rent) / we -ed
a car for the week / how much - do you pay per
week? / the - is quite high / a low replace if you replace something, you remove it
and put something new in its place. The noun is
replacementyou need to - the batteries / they
want to knock down this building and - it with a
shopping centre / she's had a hip replacement /
the secretary has left, so we need to find a
replacement
run-down if a place is run-down, it is in bad condition:
the flat's very - and needs a lot of work /a - block
of flats /a - area with lots of social problems
separate if two things are separate, they are not
together or joined to each other. Separate i! also a
verb.The adjective is separated: we want to have rooms for the kids / they sleep in - beds / keep work
and pleasure - / if two students are talking, the
teacher might - them / my parents are separated
(they no longer live with each other)
spacious if a room or building is spacious, it has a lot
of space in it: a lovely - living room / their fiat is
very - / -new offices
tile tiles are square, flat pieces of baked clay that you
use to cover roofs, walls, and floors. Tile is also a
verb.The adjective is tiled: we've bought some
new -for the bathroom / roof-s / we want to
- all round the sink / the kitchen floor is tiled
PAGES 6 6 - 7
aim an aim is something that you want to achieve.
Aim is also a verb: I'm determined to achieve my
main - in life / set yourself long-term ~s / the
government - to protect the environment / the
new housing developments are -ed at tackling the
housing shortage
birth your birth is the time when you are born. Your
birthplace is the place where you were born: she
gave -to a baby girl last night / the - rate is going
down (fewer babies are being born)/I've never
been back to my birthplace / the birthplace of the
tango (the place where it started)
development development is the building of new
houses, offices etc: the land has been sold for - / the
local authority want to limit - in the area / they are
planning a new housing -
WORD BUILDINC: NOUNS THAT END WITH -MENT
We can make nouns from some verbs by adding
the suffix-ment, as in development:
appointment: make an - with the doctor / keep
your - (go to it)
attachment: an email - / send the - in a different
format
equipment: high-tech - / the job requires
specialist improvement: make a steady - / he's showing
some management: they criticized his poor - / - skills
treatment: be given special However.just because a noun ends in -ment. it
does not always mean you can remove the -ment
to make a verb. For example, environment is a
noun, but environ is NOT a verb!
double if a number doubles, it increases by 100%.
Double can also be an adjective: the house has ~d
in value since we bought it / the new company ~d
what she was earning in her old job /a - bed / a room (for two people to sleep in)
dramatically if something changes dramatically,
it changes a lot in a short time.The adjective
is dramatic: prices have fallen - / the area has
changed - over the last few years / a dramatic
change / a dramatic improvement
election an election is the process in which people
vote to choose someone who will hold an official
position. The verbis elect: they're holding an - next
month / everyone can vote in the general - / who
will win the ~? / he was elected president
go a go is one single attempt to do something: / don't
know if I can do it, but I'll have a - / they would like
to pay for the whole house in one - / I'll give it a
- whose - is it next? (in a board game or a game
of cards)
inevitable if something is inevitable, it is sure to
happen and cannot be avoided or stopped: war
now seems - / this /son - effect of climate change
interest interest is the money that banks charge you
when you borrow money from them or pay you if
you save money with them: They charge 15% - /
pay - on the loan / - rates went up 1.5% last month
investment an investment is somethingyou spend
money on now because you think you will make
money from it in the future. The verb is invest: / see
this course as an- in myfuture / buying a house is a
good long-term - I she bought the painting as an - /
invest in property / invest money in the stock market
mortgage a mortgage is an amount of money that a
bank lends you to buy a house: / took out a 2s-year
- / some banks are offering -s at low interest rates /
a lot ofyoung buyers can't get a - / I'vefinallypaid
off mypetrol in British English, petrol is the fuel you put in
your car. In American English, people say gas: we
ran out of - on the motorway / we need to fill up
with - before we leave / - prices keep going up
profit profit is money that you make from selling
something, after all your costs have been paid.
Profit is also a verb: the company made a - of
£10 million / she sold it at a - / the company's -s
rose by 12% last year / who will -from the deal?
rate the rate of something is the number of times
that it happens over a particular period of time:
the birth - (the number of babies being born) /
the divorce - is rising / a drop in the crime - /the
current unemployment - is nearly 8%
rise a rise is an increase in amount or size. Rise is also
a verb.The past tense is rose.The past participle
is risen: a sudden - in food prices / there's been
a dramatic - in oil prices /the number of people
unemployed rose again last month / interest rates
have risen a lot recently
root the root of something is the beginning or cause
of it: we must get to the -of the problem / what's
the - cause of poverty? / the war has its -s in
religious differences
shortage if there is a shortage of something, there is
not enough of it.The adjective is short of: there are
serious food and water ~s/the current - of housing /
we're short of time / short of money
VOCABULARY BUILDER 35
steadily if something changes steadily, it changes
gradually.The adjective is steady: Unemployment
has fallen - / taxes have risen - over recent years /
a steady increase in prices / steady growth in the
economy
tackle if you tackle a problem, you try hard to find a
solution to it: the government must ~ the country's
housing shortage / they need to - unemployment / do
more to - crime / - the problem of poor discipline
in schools
take out if you take out a loan or insurance policy, you
get it: they decided to - a mortgage / - a loan to
buy a new car /you should - travel insurance
PACES 6 8 - 9
budget budget is used to suggest that something
is cheap. A budget is also the amount of money
available to spend on something: a - airline (which
sells cheap tickets) /sell at a - price /you should
work out a weekly - and stick to it / we're on a
tight - (we don't have much money to spend) / the
project is already over - (it has spent too much)
class a class is one of the groups which people in
a society are divided into, according to their
jobs, education, background, etc: he grew up
in a working—family / a middle— area / some
countries have a rigid - system / she's very
conscious of- differences
clean up to clean up a place means to make it
clean and tidy, or stop crime, pollution, etc. from
happening there. Clean-up is also a noun: we need
to - the kitchen / the police have done a lot to - the
area / -the city streets /they want to organize a
clean-up of the city
connected if something is well connected, it has good
links with other things.The noun is connection:
the area is well -for transport / he's a very well-man (he knows a lot of people) / there are good
connections between the capital and other towns
dead if a place is dead, it is not very lively. If a piece of
equipment is dead, it doesn't work anymore: the
area's completely - at night / the battery's - / I'm
half— this morning (very tired)
distance the distance between two things is the
amount of space between them. If something is
in the distance,you can see it or hear it, but it is a
long way from where you are: the school is quite
a - from here / it's within walking - /a longrelationship / we don't get on so I try to keep my from him /1 hate driving long -s/l could see some
people in the graffiti graffiti is words or pictures drawn in public
places: there's - everywhere / the walls are covered
in -1 kids have sprayed - on the bus shelter / a artist
green if a place is green, there are lots of trees and
parks there. Green also means connected to the
protection of the environment: this part of the city
is quite - /a very - area I the company is trying
to be more - (trying to help the environment)/a
discussion about - issues / vote for the Green Party
innovative if something is innovative, it uses new
ideas or methods. The noun is innovation: a very idea / an - approach to the problem / scientific
innovations / we try to encourage innovation
outskirts the outskirts of a town or city are the areas
on the edge of it: they live in an area on the - of
town / a shopping mall on the - of the city
posh if you think someone is posh,you think they are
ofa higher social class than you. If a place is posh,
it is more expensive than places you are used to:
he spoke with a - accent /a- hotel / a - restaurant /
one of the -est parts of the city
residential a residential area ofa town or city is one
where there are houses and flats, but not factories
or businesses. A resident is someone who lives
in a place: a popular - area / a quiet - street /
local residents are angry about the situation /a UK
resident
touristy if you think a place is touristy, you do not
like it because too many tourists go there: it's a
lovely little town, but it's very - / it's a bit too for me now / the whole area has become
very -
EXERCISES
PREPOSITIONS
A Complete the sentences with the correct
preposition.
1 They're building a new block
flats.
2 We keep the car
the garage.
3 They rent the room
students.
4 They replaced the old cinema
a new school.
5 They sold the land
development.
6 The house has doubled
value.
7 We paid for everything
one go.
8 We had to pay interest
the loan.
В Choose the correct preposition.
1 They bought the house for / as an investment.
2 They sold the house at /in a profit.
3 There has been a big rise for / in petrol prices.
4 This is the root for /of the problem.
5 There is a serious shortage of/for housing.
6 We are in/on a tight budget.
7 The shops are a short distance of/from here.
8 Their house is in / on the outskirts of town.
W O R D FAMILIES
A Complete the expressions with the correct form
of the word in bold.
1 an enormous amount
it's changed
of money
2 sleep in separate beds
her parents are
now
3 buy new tiles for
the floor is
the kitchen
4 prices have fallen
a
fall
dramatically
in prices
5 vote in an election
be
as
prime minister
6 a good investment for
in
the future
property
7 the area is wellthere are good
connected
8 a residential area
the idea was
popular with
WORD-BUILDING
A Complete the sentences with the correct noun
from the verbs.
1 I'd like to make an
with the
doctor, please, (appoint)
2 His work used to be very bad, but there has
been some
recently, (improve)
36 OUTCOMES
3 They are planning a new housing
(develop)
4 I'll email the invitation to you as an
(attach)
5 They said that the fall in profits was due to
poor
(manage)
COLLOCATIONS
A Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the verbs in the list. Look up the verbs if you
need help.
build
clean up
fix
leak
rent
1 They want to
a new bridge across the
river.
2 They
their house out to tourists during the
summer.
3 The central heating's broken - we need to get
it
4 They really should
the city streets.
5 There's water in the garage-the roof must
be
В Match the two halves of the collocations.
Look up the nouns (a-e) if you need help.
1 a general
a) tiles
2 the central
b) election
3 roof
c) rate
4 a long-term
d) heating
5 the divorce
e) investment
С Complete the collocations with nouns from
the unit.
1 take the car to the g
e
2 pay i
__ t on a loan
3 takeoutam__
e to buy a house
4 a drop in the crime r
e
5 a r__e in food prices
6 get to the r _ _ t of the problem
7 a serious s__
__e of housing
8 within walkingd
_e
9 sprayg_
__ionthewall
10 t h e o _ _
_ sofa city
D Use the opposites to complete the adjectives
from the unit.
1 light
ad__kroom
2 very small
anen__ __s house
3 in good condition a r
-d
n area
4 shared
they have s
e
rooms
5 withnospace
asp__
sflat
6 expensive
ab
t airline
7 industrial
are
I area
VOCABULARY BUILDER 37
10
GOING OUT
PACES 7 0 - 1
abstract something that is abstract deals with ideas
or feelings, not objects or events: - art /an painting / the course will deal with - concepts /
discuss - ideas
audience the audience is the group of people who
watch or listen to a performance, programme or
speech: the show has a big - /perform in front of
an - ofs.ooo people / the minister addressed an of young people /the show attracted a huge - /
the film is trying to reach a wider community a community is a group of people who
live in the same area or share the same interest
or identity in a bigger society: they live in a small
rural - /the local - /the Asian - /the black - I the
miners form a close-knit ~
costume a costume is the clothes you wear in a play
or film or at a party, when you are pretending to be
a different person: the dancers wore colourful -s / the
~s were amazing / he arrived in a cowboy - / hire a
fancy dress - /she's a - designer
halfway if something is halfwayalong something,
or halfway through it, it is around the middle of
it: the school is about - down Columbus Avenue /
we got about - up the mountain /1 fell asleep through the film / he got injured - through the
season
installation an installation is a work of art where
objects, lights or pictures are placed in a space to
make people think about something: an - by a
Dutch artist/a multimedia - /the ~ explores the
idea of the individual alone
landscape a landscape is an area of land that has
a particular appearance: we looked out over the
beautiful - / a desert - / a rocky - / a - painting
by Turner
38 OUTCOMES
plot the plot of a film or book is the story: the book's got
a good - / a complicated ~l I couldn't follow the portrait a portrait is a painting, photo or description
ofa person or group of people: о - by Rembrandt / a of the queen / he painted a lot ofself—s / a family - /
I'd love to have my - painted
rural something that is rural is in the countryside or
connected to the countrysides - community /
a - landscape /a - way of life / encourage development / the government ministerfor affairs
scenery the scenery on a stage is all the decoration,
furniture and pictures that show where the play
takes place: the - was beautifully done/the - was
very simple / they usually change the - during the
interval
sculpture a sculpture is a piece of wood, stone or
metal, which has been made into a shape by
an artist.The artist is a sculptor: a wooden - by
Picasso / a - ofa woman / a huge stone - / a
bronze - / a famous French sculptor
showing a showing of a film or programme is a time
when it is shown: there's a-at 7.30 / thefirst~'s at}/
go to the late ~ / the afternoon - / there'll be a
repeat - next week
still life a still life is a painting ofa collection of
objects which the artist has arranged: a - by
Cezanne la- of fruit / draw a - / an exhibition ofpainting
soundtrack the soundtrack ofa film is the music that
goes with it: the film's got a great - /1 bought the on CD
subtitles subtitles are the words of afilmor
programme which are written on the screen.
The adjective is subtitled: a French film with in English I there are -for the deaf / thefilmis
subtitled
tragedy a tragedy is a very sad story or real event.The
adjective is tragic: the play is a - / a Shakespearean - /
the accident was a terrible - / their journey ended
in - /a tragic accident / his tragic death
trailer a trailer is a short advert for a film in which you
see some short parts of the film: did you see the forthe new lames Bond film?/ the - looked good
turning a turning is where one road joins another
road: it's the next - / take the first - on the right I
the -for Manchester / we missed the - /we took
the wrong -
PACES 7 2 - 3
authentic something that is authentic is real or
original and not copied or fake or made especially
for tourists: - Italian food / an - Picasso/the
document is - / the trip provides an - experience
of the Chinese way of life
cast the cast of a play or film is the group of people
who play the different parts.The verb is also cast:
the play has an excellent - / the film had an allstar - / a -of unknowns / the director - him in the
lead role.
catch if you catch a film or event,you watch it. If you
catch someone, you speak to them. The past tense
and past participle is caught: doyou want to- a
film later? /1 only caught the end of the film / I'll you later
crowd a crowd is a large group of people in a place
or at a sports event. It can also mean a group of
friends: there was a huge - at the game / the went wild /1 went out with the usual - / his friends
are a nice dreadful something that is dreadful is very bad. If you
dread something that is going to happen,you are
worried because you think it will be very bad: the
food was - / a - film / a - mistake / make a mess / I'm dreading going to the dentist
exclusive something that is exclusive is only for a
limited number of people, usually rich people:
the city's most - disco/an - restaurant /an neighbourhood / the beach is for - use by residents /
an - offer for our readers
fusion a fusion is a mixture of two different things.
The verb is fuse: it's a - of European and African
music / he uses a - of styles in his paintings /a of flavours / the show fuses circus and drama
WORD BUILDING: NOUNS THAT END WITH -ION
We often make nouns from a verb by adding -ion.
Notice the final 'e'of the verb is removed. For
example:fuse (v) - fusion (n); and exaggerate (v) exaggeration (n). Not all words ending in -ion are
based on a verb. For example, motion
Verb
Noun
appreciate: thanks
- I - it!
calculate: - how
much we need
complete: - a form
appreciation: show
your calculation: do a rough -
congratulate - her
on her success
contribute: a lot to
the project
decorate: - the
house
demonstrate: against the new law
completion: send the
form to us on congratulation: give her
my -s
contribution: make a
big decoration: put up
party ~s
demonstration: go
on a -
Verb
Noun
distract: don't hi ml
elect: - a new
president
inject: - drugs
integrate: they find
it difficult tolocate: the airline
can't - my bag
operate: doctors
decided to - on
him
Opt: - to do
nothing
possess: - a degree
distraction: have too
many ~s
election: hold an -
reject: / was -edfor
the job
revise: - for an
exam
select: he was -ed
for the team
suggest: / -ed
going out
injection, they gave me an integration: the school
encourages location it's a nice operation: have an heart -
option: have no possession: all his -s were
stolen
rejection: receive
several -s
revision: do some lastminute selection: have a good of food
suggestion: that 'so
good -
incredible something that is incredible is large or very
good: he gave an - performance / she looked -/the
landscape's absolutely - / make an - noise / spend
an - amount of money
keen if you are keen,you are very enthusiastic. If you
are keen on something,you like it a lot: he's a cyclist /a- stamp collector I he's very - on sport /
I'm not that - on spicy food /1 think he's quite on her
spectacular something that is spectacular is amazing
to look at: the - scenery / we had a - view of the
mountains / the landscape's - /a - firework
display /a - show
squad a squad is a group of people who work
together in the army or police force, or play in a
team together: he's in the -for today's game /
he was dropped from the - after his recent poor
performances / a police bomb - (police officers
trained to deal with bombs) / the drugs - (police
officers who deal with illegal drugs)
stroll a stroll is a slow walk for pleasure.The verb is
also stroll: we went for a - / a - along the river/a
- through the park / we strolled around the old town
terrific something that is terrific is very good: the
food was - / a - play / she gave a - performance /
I feel -/that's-!
VOCABULARY BUILDER 39
weird something that is weird is very strange: he did
some - paintings / he's a bit - / that's - / a -film
PACES 7 4 - 5
break if you break a promise or rule, you do not do
what you should do: I'll neverforgive you if you - this
promise / he was punished for -ing the rules / lots of
people - the speed limit /he broke the law and was
sent to prison / they've broken the agreement
council the council is the local government in an area:
the local - broke its election promise / complain to
the - / write to the town exaggerate if you exaggerate, you say that something
is bigger, better or more extreme than it really is.
The noun is exaggeration: It was huge-and I'm
not exaggerating / the media have ~d the problem /
that's a bit of an exaggeration!
fail if something fails to happen, it does not happen.
If you fail to do something,you do not do it: his
prediction -ed to come true / he -ed to turn up
to the meeting /the brakes on the car-ed (didn't
work suddenly) / his eyesight's -ing (getting
weaker) / the business is -ing (not doing well)
keep if you keep a promise or an agreement, you
do what you have agreed to йо-.you must - this
promise /1 always - my word / she didn't - her
appointment (she didn't go to it) / they should to their side of the agreement
last-minute something that is last-minute is done
just before the time limit finishes or just before
something is going to happen: we had a - change
of plan / they scored a - winner / they reached a deal / do some - revision
lift if you give someone a lift, you take them
somewhere in your car: I'll give you a- to the
airport / ask for a - /1 got a - here
like crazy if people are doing something like crazy,
they are doing it a lot: / was sweating - / they were
screaming - /we ran moving if something is moving, it makes you feel
sad or emotional. The verb is move: the play was
very - / it's a very - scene /1 find the music really - /
I was moved to tears / his speech really moved me
out of place if you feel out of place, you feel nervous
or uncomfortable because the place or situation
you are in does not suit you, or you feel that you
do not belong there: I felt a bit - in the hotel/he was
completely - in that school / the rug looks a bit - in
this room / something so old seems - in such a
modern city
overrated if you think something is overrated,you
think it is not as good as everyone says it is: the
restaurant's OK-a bit - though / personally, I think
champagne is - / as a player he's very pleasant if something is pleasant, it is nice. The
adverb is pleasantly: a - evening / what a surprise / have a - stroll through the park /
she seems very - / it's a - place to work /1 was
pleasantly surprised
promise a promise is something you say that you will
definitely do in the future:you must keep your - /
they accused him of breaking his election ~s / he
made a - to us / I'll hold you to that - (make sure
that you keep it)
sold out if something is sold out, all of it is gone
because people have bought it. If a show or
concert is sold out, people have bought all the
tickets. The verb is sell out: thefilmwas completely - /
the concert will sell out very quickly / we'd better
book now before the show sells out
sweat when you sweat, water comes out through
your skin because you are hot, for example after
you have done exercise.The noun is also sweat.
The adjective is sweaty: / was -ing like crazy / my
hands are -ing / the exercise made me - /1 worked
up a - moving those heavy boxes /1 was covered
in - / he smelled dirty and sweaty
tears tears are drops of water that come from your
eyes when you cry: she was in - (crying) / he
was close to - (almost crying)/she burst into (started crying suddenly) /he reduced her to (made her cry) / / had - of laughter rolling down
my face
3 She's done very well - please send my
EXERCISES
4 The house is very nice, and in an ideal
PREPOSITIONS
A Complete the sentences with the correct
preposition.
1 They've got a new installation
a French
artist.
2 It's a French film, with subtitles
English.
3 The trip ended
tragedy.
4 Have you seen a trailer
the new Bond film?
5 We missed the turning
Leeds.
6 His food is a wonderful fusion
different
flavours.
7 I'm not very keen
classical music.
8 I was
tears at the end of the film.
9 It's a high-budget film, with a cast
Hollywood stars.
W O R D FAMILIES
A Complete the expressions with the correct form
of the word in bold.
1 a bronze sculpture a work by a French
2 a film with subtitles the film is
3 a terrible tragedy
a
accident
4 don't exaggerate
I think that was an
5 a pleasant day
6 running makes
me sweat
we were
surprised
feel hot and
В Tick the words which are both a noun and a verb.
1 costume
2 cast
3 squad
4 stroll
5 sweat
6 council
5 There's a wonderful
of food to
choose from.
6 I've got an exam tomorrow so I need to do
some
7 I've got to have an
on my leg.
COLLOCATIONS
A Complete the collocations with nouns from
the unit.
1 al__
e painting showing mountains
and trees
2 ap _
_ _ t of a famous person
3 thes
у for a play
4 a wooden s_
__eofacat
5 as
11 __e painting of some flowers
6 theso__
__ckofafilm
В Match the two halves of the collocations.
1 perform in front of an a) turning off the
motorway
2 follow the
b) audience
3 take the wrong
c) plot in a book
4 go for a
d) tears
5 give her a
e) stroll in the park
6 burst into
f) lift to the station
С Complete the missing adjectives.
1 The village is in a very r
I area.
2 The painting is just a copy-it's not a
c.
3 He made a dr
f _ l mistake.
4 He's a very к
n cook.
5 His paintings are strange - really w
d.
6 We had a very p_
_ _ t evening.
7 Wesawas__
__ r firework display.
D Complete the expressions with the words in
the list.
minute
crazy
WORD-BUILDING
A Complete the sentences with the nouns in the
list.
appreciation
location
selection
congratulations
operation
distraction
revision
1
2
3
4
5
run like
feel out of
be sold
a lastleave half
place
out
way
decision
through the film
1 I can't concentrate because there are too
many
2 The audience clapped to show their
40 OUTCOMES
VOCABULARY BUILDER 41
THE NATURAL WORLD
PACES 7 6 - 7
bush a bush is a kind of plant that is like a tree, but
smaller: there were two or three rose ~es in the
garden / we could hear something in the -es / a
large animal was moving around in the - es
circle if you circle something, you go all the way
round it or you draw a round shape all around i t
Circle is also a noun: I saw an eagle circling high
above us / the plane had to - for an hour before we
could land / - the correct answer / we drove round
in -sfor ages
crawl when you crawl,you move along the ground
on your hands and knees, or you move along very
slowly. Crawl is also a noun: babies learn to - at
about six months old / I managed to - to the
phone /1 saw a cockroach -ing across thefoor /
we -ed along the motorway / we went on a pub (we went to lots of pubs)
disappear if something disappears, it goes
somewhere where it cannot be seen or it stops
existing. The noun is disappearance: the snake -ed
into the long grass / their traditional way of life is
-ing fast / he's just completely -ed / the police are
investigating her disappearance
distract if you distract someone, you stop them from
concentrating.The adjectives are distracted and
distracting.The noun is distraction: / hope having
so many people around won't-you /1 was -ed
from my work by the noise / he seemed very -ed
when I saw him /1 found the music distracting /
it's difficult to work when there are so many
distractions
grass grass is the low green plant that grows all over
the ground: children were playing on the - / hide
in the long - /1 need to cut the- / lie on the hide if you hide,you go somewhere where people
cannot see you or find you. The past tense is hid
42 OUTCOMES
and the past participle is hidden: I found a scorpion
hiding in one of my shoes / she hid in a cupboard /
I hid her present under the bed / he tries to - his
feelings / she hid her disappointment
hiss if something hisses, it makes a long's' sound, like
a snake: there was a snake in the corner -ing at me /
the cat started-ing at me
jungle a jungle is an area of thick tropical rainforest:
we spent a few days trekking through the - /the
Amazon - / they cut a path through the rock a rock is a large piece of stone. The adjective
is rocky: there was a huge lizard lying on a - /
demonstrators started throwing ~s at the police /
the boat hit some ~s and sank / driving along a
rocky mountain road
trek if you trek, you do a long and difficult walk,
often through jungle or across desert. Trek is also
a noun: we went -king through the jungle / they
-ked across the Gobi desert / it's a real - to my flat
(my flat is a long way away)
underneath if you are underneath something, it is
directly above you or it is covering you: the bear was
lying - a tree / we hid - the table I let's meet - the
station clock / wear something warm -your coat
PACES 7 8 - 9
action it you take action, you do something,
especially in order to deal with a problem. The verb
is act: - needs to be taken soon / the situation calls
for decisive - / take whatever -s are necessary /
what's the plan of-? (what are we going to do?) /
we need to act quickly /she's acting on the advice
of her lawyer
arrest if the police arrest you, they take you to a
police station because they think that you have
committed a crime. Arrest is often used in the
passive. Arrest is also a noun: he was -edfor
smuggling / he's been -ed on suspicion of murder /
the police -ed her for speeding /you 're under - / the
police made an - early this morning
breed if you breed animals, you keep them and put
them together so that they will have babies.The
past tense and past particle is bred. A breed of
dog, horse, etc, is one particular kind: they - sheep /
the animals are bred in zoos / the most popular - of
sheep / what - is your dog?
currently currently means at the moment. The
adjective is current: 16,000 plant and animals
species are - threatened with extinction / I'm writing a new book / the film is - showing at the
ABC cinema / the current political situation / he's
interested in current affairs (recent social and
political events)
cyber-cyber- means connected to computers and
the Internet: the information must be stored
somewhere in -space (on the Internet) /a -cafe
(where there are computers) / the problem of
-crime (crime that involves the Internet)
destroy if you destroy something,you damage it
so badly that it no longer exists.The noun is
destruction: 50 per cent of all animal species could
be -ed by global warming / the building was -ed in
afire / prevent the destruction of the environment /
weapons of mass destruction
extinct if a plant, animal or language is extinct,
it no longer exists.The noun is extinction: the
plant could soon become - if action isn't taken /
an - volcano (not active) /thousands of species
are currently threatened with extinction / their
language is now on the verge of extinction / can
the animals be saved from extinction?
gang a gang is a group of people who spend a lot
of time together, often for criminal reasons: on
organized criminal - /the - threatened to kill
anyone who got in their way / there were-fights
on the streets /a - of kids
global warming global warming is the slow increase
in the earth's temperature caused by polluting
gases: - has affected wildlife all over the world /
the government should do more to tackle - /can
we stop ~? / we can now see the effects of-/ the
issue ofhunt if you hunt animals, you chase them in order
to then kill them. If you hunt for something,you
try hard to find it. Hunt is also a noun. The person
is a hunter: it's illegal to - tigers I bears have been
-ed into extinction I they should ban the -ing of
rare species / police are still -ing for the gang /I'm
house—ing at the moment (looking for a house to
buy or live in) / the -for the murderer / the number
of elephants killed by hunters
illegal if something is illegal, it is against the law. The
adverb is illegally: sell - goods via the Internet / it
is - to buy alcohol if you're under 18 / the items
were being offered for sale illegally
inhabit if you inhabit a place, you live in it.The people
who lived somewhere are the inhabitants: this
rare species of shark is known to - fresh water /
the islands are only -ed by birds / the area is -ed by
around 20,000 people / the first inhabitants arrived
here in the ninth century
introduce if you introduce something,you put it in
a place or start to use it for the first time. If you
reintroduce it,you do this for a second time.The
noun is introduction: rabbits were ~d to Australia
from Europe / the animal has been reintroduced
into the country / the government plans to-a new
law / the introduction of tighter security measures
point a point is one particular time or level in a
process: the animal is back from the - of extinction
(it was nearly extinct)/at one - I thought I was
going to die /1 reached the - where I couldn't stand
it anymore I it got to the - where I could hardly
walk anymore
I
predict if you predict what will happen, you say what
you think will happen in the future. The adjective
is predictable.The noun is prediction: some
scientists are -ing that 23 per cent of all mammals
could become extinct within the next so years /
experts - that the situation is going to get worse /
the ending of the film was very predictable (you
could predict what would happen) /it's difficult to
make long-term predictions about the economy
release if you release something,you let it leave
a place where it has been kept, or you make it
available. Release is often used in the passive.
Release is also a noun: the report was ~dyesterday /
the animals were ~d back into the wild / he's due to
be -dfrom prison soon /she was -dfrom hospital
last night / they are attempting to secure the - of
SO prisoners
role a role is the purpose or position that someone
has in a particular situation: horses have played an
important - in the country's history / what'syour - in
the company? / the economy played a key - in the
election campaign / money played a major - in my
decision / the monthly parties have an important
social search if you search a place, you look in it carefully
in order to find something that is lost or hidden.
Search is often used in the passive. Search is also
a noun: my bag was -ed before I was allowed
through /1 was stopped and -ed by the police /
too police officers are -ing the area / the police
conducted a thorough - of the area / have you
done a - on the web?
VERBS OFTEN USED IN THE PASSIVE
Some verbs are often used in the passive. When
you learn new verbs, it is important to not only
learn their meanings, but also to pay attention to
the grammar that goes with them. For example:
arrest: he was -ed and charged with murder
ban: he's been -nedfrom entering the country
fix: my car is being -ed at the moment
move: / was very -d by the story
release: their first CD was -d a couple of years ago
suspend: the service has been -ed until further
notice
transfer: your call is being -red. Please hold the
i line
threaten: / was -ed with arrest if I didn't move
back
skin your skin is the natural covering on your body:
my - was blue with cold / the gang smuggles tiger
~s into the country /she's got very sensitive - /a
VOCABULARY BUILDER 43
cream for dry ~ / people with fair - should stay out
of the sun Isufferfrom a ~ disease Ia banana skull your skull is the bone in your head, around
your brain: he fell and fractured his - / they were
arrested for smuggling animal ~s
smuggle if you smuggle something,you take it from
one country into another illegally. Smuggle is
often used in the passive: the animals are ~d into
the country I he was arrested for smuggling exotic
animals / she was caught smuggling drugs /they
were part ofa people-smuggling gang I they were
accused of drug smuggling
species a species is a particular type of animal or
plant: a rare - of bear / over the past 500 years,
820 - have become extinct I tigers are now an
endangered - (In danger of becoming extinct)
speeding speeding is the crime of driving too fast.
The noun is speed: he was arrested for - 11 was
fned £130 for - I he was caught by a speed camera
straight if you go straight to a place,you go there
directly without stopping anywhere else on the
way.you will be taken - to your hotel I1 went home after class I she went - to bed
threaten if you threaten someone,you say you will do
something bad to them, especially if they refuse
to do what you want them to do. Threaten is often
used in the passive.The noun is threat: they ~ed to
kill me if I didn't give them the information I 76,000
species are currently -ed with extinction (they
may become extinct) / the factory is now ~ed with
closure I he received death threats I terrorism still
poses a serious threat
wild if something is wild, it grows without help from
people. The wild is the natural environment: there
are - horses on the island I -flowers I - animals I
the animals were bred in a zoo and then released
into the -
PACES 8 0 - 1
aggressive if a person or animal is aggressive, they
behave in an angry or violent way towards people:
an ~ dog I / was scared by his - and threatening
behaviour I he gets very - sometimes
cage a cage is a structure of metal bars for keeping
animals or birds in, like in a zoo: / keep the bird in
a - /you have to clean the -regularly I it escaped
from its - / a man climbed into the lion's construction construction is the work of building
something, especially a house, bridge, etc. The verb
is construct: the - of the road is a threat to wildlife I
the stadium is still under - (being built) / work in
44 OUTCOMES
the - industry I there are plans to construct a new
bridge
free if something is free, it is not locked up, controlled
or limited. Free is also a verb. The noun is freedom:
the animals were set - I people let their dogs run - I
they are campaigning for a - press (newspapers
that are allowed to say what they want) /50
political prisoners were -d last night I they believe
in freedom of speech
habitat the habitat of plants or animals is the natural
environment they grow or live in: the animals'
natural - is being destroyed I it's interesting to
observe them in their natural -la coastal - I
forest -s
hectare a hectare is 10,000 square metres: thousands
of ~s of forest are destroyed every hour I a small
farm of 200 ~s
investigate if you investigate something, you
try to find out the truth about it. The noun is
investigation: scientists are -ing the causes of the
disease I we will -how the accident happened I
they plan to carry out a detailed investigation I
he is under police investigation (the police are
investigating him)
lick if you lick something,you move your tongue
across it: he lets his dog - his face I she -ed her
fingers I he -ed his lips
litter tray a litter tray is a container inside a house
where cats go to the toilet: the - is smelly I the stinks I the - is full I clean out thepoisonous if something is poisonous, it can kill or
harm you if it gets inside your body.The noun is
poison: / was bitten by a- snake I - gas I some
types of mushroom are - I he used poison to kill
his victims
scratch if something scratches you, it makes a small
cut on your skin. Scratch is also a noun: the cat -ed
me 11 -ed my arm on some bushes I it's nothing it's only a scratch I there were a few scratches on
the car
socialise if you socialise, you spend time meeting
friends and other people for fun. The adjective is
sociable: she doesn't - very much 11 tend not to with the people from work I I'm not feeling very
sociable today
stroke if you stroke something,you move your hand
over it in a slow and gentle way: he ~d the dog I
cats love to be ~d I he -d her face gently
tank a tank is a large container that holds liquid or
gas. You can also keep fish or snakes in a tank: /
keep the snake in a - in my bedroom la fish - la
water -la petrol -
8 He was caught by a
(speeding)
EXERCISES
С Which TWO words in the list below are NOT
both a noun and a verb?
PREPOSITIONS
A Complete the sentences with the correct
preposition.
1 I was distracted
my work by all the noise.
2 He was arrested
murder.
3 The animals were released
the wild.
4 What's her role
the company?
5 Scientists have discovered a new species
frog.
6 Tigers are threatened
extinction.
7 The animals are kept
cages.
8 The road is still
construction.
В Choose the correct preposition.
1 Something was moving in I at the bushes.
2 They hid on I in the long grass.
3 The snake hissed at I to me.
4 We went trekking through Ion the jungle.
5 The animal skins are smuggled to I into the
country.
6 We observed the animals in Ion their natural
habitat.
7 I don't socialise/or/with people from work.
8 You can keep snakes on I in a glass tank.
circle
hunt
A Complete the expressions with the correct form
of the word in bold.
disappear into the
investigate the
bushes
boy's
stop distracting me
seem very
a
mountain path
a large rock
be shot by a group of
hunt for animals
sell goods
meet the
ofa place
be arrested for
pose a serious
В Complete the sentences with the correct words
from the words in brackets.
1 It is important to prevent the
of
the rainforest, (destroy)
2 These animals now face
(extinct)
3 I thought the film was too
(predict)
4 He believes in
of speech, (free)
5 The police are carrying out an
(investigate)
6 She used
to kill the rats.
(poisonous)
7 He's a very
person, (socialise)
crawl habitat
search trek
action arrest
breed
COLLOCATIONS
A Complete the collocations with the verbs in the
list. Look up the verbs if you need help.
investigate
threaten
1
2
3
4
5
6
lick
predict
search
stroke
a place for evidence
your lips
what will happen
to kill someone
how something happened
a cat or dog
В Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the verbs in the list. Look up the verbs if you
need help.
breed
W O R D FAMILIES
be illegal
inhabit a place
smuggle goods
threatened him with
violence
camera
circle
crawl
hiss
hunt
scratch
1
2
3
4
The snake
at me.
A spider
across the floor.
They
animals in the zoo.
People used to
tigers for their
skins.
5 If you annoy the cat, it will
you.
6 An eagle was
above us.
Match the two halves of the collocations. Look
up the nouns (a-h) if you need help.
a) global warming
1 cut the
b) grass
2 belong to a criminal
c) role
3 try to prevent
d) gang
4 play a major
e) skin
5 take decisive
f) tank
6 have sensitive
g) action
7 protect endangered
8 keep them in a fish
h) species
D Use the opposites to complete the adjectives
from the unit.
1 an active I e__ __tvolcano
2 it's totally legal l\
I to do that
3 the animals are perfectly tame Iw _ _ d
4 they're quite gentle I а
edogs
5 the two men were locked up Is _ t f _ e
6 these mushrooms areedible/p__
__s
VOCABULARY BUILDER 45
12
lifestyle and to not be a part of normal society. The
verb is drop out: he's a bit ofa - / my parents are
worried I'm going to end up becoming a - / hippie
~s / he dropped out of college
WORD BUILDING: NOUNS MADE FROM PHRASAL VERBS
Some phrasal verbs can be made into nouns with
similar meanings.
Sometimes the nouns are one-word nouns,
sometimes they are two words joined with
a hyphen (-), Sometimes the words from the
phrasal verb appear in the same order in the
noun, sometimes they are the other way round.
PEOPLE I KNOW
PACES 8 2 - 3
affectionate if you are affectionate, you show how
much you love or like someone. The noun is
affection: he's very sweet and - / a very - child / a
dog that has been starved of affection /1 just want
a bit of affection
bright someone who is bright is intelligent and
clever: he's a very-young man / very - kids/she's
the brightest student in her class
close if you are close to someone, you get on very well
with them and can talk to them about anything: I'm
very - to my older brother / my sister and I are very / they're a very -family /1 only told my - est friends
competitive someone who is competitive always
wants to win or be more successful than other
people: he's very sporty and very -la highly player / why do you have to be so-?
demonstration a demonstration is a public march or
meeting to show that people support something
or are opposed to it.The verb is demonstrate:
an anti-war - I a pro-democracy - /he went on
the big - protesting against the new law I a - in
support of the arrested men / thousands of people
demonstrated against the new tax
determined if you are determined,you do not let
anything stop you from achievingyour goals
and doing what you want to do. The noun is
determination: he's a very-young man / he's - to
succeed / we made a - effort to clean the place up
/he has shown real determination / they played
with great determination
dissolve if you dissolve something in a liquid,you mix
it in until it disappears: heat the mixture until the
sugar -s / the powder will - in cold water
a dropout a dropout is someone who leaves school
or university before finishing their course. It also
means someone who decides to live an alternative
46 OUTCOMES
Phrasal verb
Noun
check in: checkyour
bags in
fall out: let's not about money
walk out: she walked
out on her husband
rip off they tried to rip
us off
break down: cars
sometimes pour down: it's pouring
down
bring up. - kids on your
own
check-in: I'll meet you
at the falling-out: they had
a big walkout: the union
ordered a rip-off: it was such
a breakdown: have a
nervous downpour: get caught
in the upbringing: have a
strict -
easy-going if someone is easy-going, they do not
easily get worried, upset, angry or stressed: she's
very relaxed and - / they have a very - attitude
towards life / a friendly - person
generous if someone is generous, they are willing to
give money or help people. The noun is generosity:
she can be very - when she wants to be / he's very
- with his time /an extremely - offer/people
take advantage of his generosity / an act of great
generosity
great- great- is a prefix that you can add to words
for family members to mean one generation back
from that member: my grandfather is 75 and my grandfather is 102 / my - aunt / his - grandparents
grow out of if you grow out of clothes, you become
too big to wear them. If you grow out of
something,you become too old to enjoy doing it:
kids - their clothes so quickly / don't worry-he'll
- it once he gets older / he used to wet his bed, but
he's grown out of it now
half- half- is a prefix that you can add to the nouns
'brother'or'sister'to show you share one of the
same parents. Half- can also be added to words to
give the meaning of 50 percent: my dad remarried
last year and now I have a --brother / I'm --dead
this morning (very tired) / / guess I --agree with you
/you can get--price tickets
idiot an idiot is someone who is very foolish or
stupid. The adjective is idioticyou can be such an
- sometimes / our boss was a bit of an - / he drives
like an - / that was an idiotic thing to do
indulgent if you are indulgent with someone,you
treat them especially well, and sometimes allow
them to have more than is good for them. The
verb is indulge: he's very - with his daughter /she's
very - towards her grandchildren /she indulges the
children too much / the food is all free so go on indulge yourself
intense if someone is intense, they are very serious
in the way they talk and behave. The noun is
intensity: he's very serious and quite - / she can
be a bit too - sometimes /a very -young man /
a very - relationship /she looked at me with real
intensity
-mate -mate is a suffix you can add to nouns to
show that two people share a space or an activity
together: I get on really well with my flat- (the
person I share a flat with) /go out with myclass-s /
he's got three houses / her room-/go out for a
meal with my works
naughty if children are naughty, they behave badly:
she can be quite - sometimes /you've been a very
- boy I that was very - of you / our teacher talks to
us as if we were - schoolchildren
outgoing someone who is outgoing is friendly and
likes meeting new people: he's very funny and - /
we're both quite chatty and - / she has a very personality
phase a phase is one period of time in the growth
or development of something: the first - of the
project is nearly finished / he went through a - of
wearing black all the time / it's just a - he's going
through
scholarship a scholarship is money that is given to
you by an organization so that you can afford to
go to school or university: he won a - to study
Physics I she was awarded a- to help her complete
her degree / I'm here on a hy someone who is shy feels nervous and
uncomfortable around other people, particularly
people they do not know: she's quite quiet and - /
he's painfully - (extremely shy)/he's very - with
girls /I'm too - to go and talk to her /she gave a
- smile
step- step- is a prefix that you can add to words
for family members to show you are related to
someone through a second or a later marriage: my
mum remarried last year and my -father is great /1
don't really get on with my -brother / a -daughter
/ her -son / his -mother / my-brother
stubborn someone who is stubborn refuses to
change their mind or to see anyone else's point
of view: why do you have to be so-? / he's got a personality
sweet if someone is sweet, they are pleasant,
kind and nice to other people: he's very - and
affectionate / it was - ofyou to help / she's such
a - little girl
PAGES 8 4 - 5
activity an activity is something that you do, for
example a sport or hobby: golf is the most popular
free-time - in my country / the hotel offers a wide
range of outdoor activities / there will be some
organized group activities in the morning / he's
involved in illegal activities
backpacking backpacking is the activity of travelling
around an area fora long time, carryingyour
luggage in a bag on your back. The person is a
backpacker: / met him while I was - in Australia /
I spent six months - round Asia / I'd love to go for a year / we stayed in a cheap little hostel for
backpackers
character your character is all the qualities you have
that make you an individual. The character of
a place is all the qualities it has. If you say that
someone is a character,you mean that they are
an interesting person: my brother and I have quite
similar s / there's a nasty side to his - / the hotel
has real - /shouting at her was very out of - for
him (he doesn't usually do things like that)/she's
a very likeable common something that is common to different
people is shared by them. If people have things
in common, they like some of the same kind
of things: we've got a lot of - interests / it's knowledge that she's going to leave / it's for the good (for the benefit of everyone) / we have a lot in
- / we don't have much in - / they have absolutely
nothing in fall out if you fall out with someone,you have a big
argument and stop talking to them. The noun is
a falling-out: we fell out over a girl I look - 1 don't
want to - with you about this / have those two
fallen out or something? / we had a big falling-out
a few years ago
get into if you get into something, you become
interested in it or involved in it: / always used to
- trouble at school I he got very into politics a few
years ago / he's started getting into drugs (taking
drugs)/she's been getting intoyoga recently
power if someone has power, they are able to
control other people.The adjective is powerful:
he remained in - for over 40years / there'll be a
big - struggle now that the president is ill / I'll do
everything in my - to help (everything that I can
do) / / don't have the - to make that decision / the
king is a very powerful man
VOCABULARY BUILDER 47
relations relations between countries and
organizations are the connections between then
and the way they behave towards each other:
the two countries have managed to maintain
good ~ since the end of the war/she's studying
International - / they are trying to, improve between the two countries / we want to establish
better-with our neighbours / this incident has
damaged - between us
touch if you are in touch with someone,you see them
or talk to them regularly. If you lose touch,you
stop seeing them or talking to them, especially
when they move to a different town: we keep
in - via email / try and stay in - once the course
finishes / we lost - after university / I'd love to get
back in - with my old friends from school / are you
two still in ~>
via via something means through or using that
thing: we keep in touch - email / the pictures are
sent - satellite / we flew to Tokyo - Singapore
PACES 8 6 - 7
come across if you come across something,you find
it by accident. The way somebody comes across is
the way they seem to other people: / came across a
great website /she came across some old photos in
the cupboard / he comes across as quite shy
distant if people or things are distant, they are not
close to you or not closely related to you: he's only
a - friend / a - relative / it all happened in the past (a long time ago) / it's just a - memory
drift apart if two people drift apart, they gradually
become less friendly or their relationship gradually
ends: People - because they don't have enough in
common / we slowly drifted apart over the years
ego your ego is the opinion you have of your own
value and importance. Someone who is egotistical
thinks they are very important. Someone with a
huge ego is an egomaniac: a young man with a
huge - / the experience destroyed my - / if really
boosted my - / making the film was all just an -
trip for him (something he did to make himself
feel important) / she's very egotistical / he's a
complete egomaniac!
harm harm is injury, damage or problems that you
cause. Harm is also a verb: one drink won't do you
any - / sometimes exercise can do more-than
good / don't worry-no - done / there's no asking /he would never harm his kids / this crisis
could seriously harm the economy
mixed if you have mixed feelings, you are unsure how
you feel about something.Things that are mixed
are partly good and partly bad: he's got -feelings
about going to university /1 had very - emotions
after seeing him again /she teaches a —ability
class / the film got very - reviews / there was a reaction to the news
paranoid if you are paranoid, you feel frightened of
other people for no reason, and you believe they
are trying to harm you.The noun is paranoia:
it's fine -you're just being - / he's really - that
someone is following him / there's a lot of paranoia
about terrorism at the moment
popular if someone is popular, most people like them:
he's a very - teacher/he wants lots of people to
come to his party so that he looks - /he's very with the fans / a - politician
reservations if you have reservations about an idea,
you are not completely sure that it is a good idea:
he's got serious - about the plan /1 have a few
minor - about her ideas / his colleagues expressed
major - /I support the idea, but with some site a site is a place that is used for a special purpose. A
site on the Internet is a place where information is
available or people can talk to each other: he works
on a building - /a camp - /we visited the - of an
ancient city /most of herfriends have joined social
networking ~s on the Internet / my favourite webtrack down if you track down a person or a thing,
you find them after a long and difficult search:
there are websites that help you - people you went
to school with / I'm trying to-a copy of the film
on DVD / the police finally managed to track him
down in Oman
С Complete the sentences with the correct
adjective from the list.
EXERCISES
bright
naughty
PREPOSITIONS
A Complete the sentences with the correct
preposition.
1 I'm very close
my sister.
2 Dissolve the sugar
the lemon juice.
3 She's quite generous
her money.
4 He's quite indulgent
his grandchildren.
5 We've finished this phase
the project.
6 He's quite shy
girls.
7 He's popular
his classmates.
8 I have some reservations
his ideas.
W O R D FAMILIES
5 be very indulgent
6 an intense young man
7 go backpacking
8 be in power for
ten years
9 boost someone's ego
against the war
have great
an act of great
yourself
look at someone with
great
a hostel for
a
leader
a very..
man
intense
stubborn
1 I like to win - I'm very
2 Kidswhoare
usually do well in
exams.
3 Those children behave so badly-they're really
4 She never gets stressed - she's very
5 He's very
- he's always involved
in deep conversations.
6 I love meeting new people - I'm very
8 Don't be so
-no one's following you I
D Choose the correct phrasal verb.
1 He's dropped out of/grown out of all his
clothes!
2 She's always coming across /falling out with
her friends.
3 He first got into / drifted apart politics when
he was at university.
4 We dropped out of7 came across some old
photos in the bottom of the wardrobe.
5 They slowly got into / drifted apart over the
years.
6 I managed to track down/grow out of my
cousin in Australia.
Е Complete each pair of sentences with one of
the prefixes in the list.
great
mixed
half
step
COLLOCATIONS
A Match the nouns to the verbs. Look up the
nouns if you need help.
1 goon
a) an idiot
2 drive like
b) relations
3 win
c) a demonstration
4 go
d) a scholarship
5 maintain good
e) backpacking
В Complete the collocations with nouns from
the unit.
1 a popular free-time a __
__y
2 have a nasty side to your с
r
3 have a lot in с
n
4 keep in t
h with someone
5 boost someone's e о
48 OUTCOMES
easy-going
sociable
7 He never changes his mind - he's incredibly
A Complete the expressions with the correct form
of the word in bold.
1 an affectionate child
show a lot of
2 an anti-war
demonstration
3 he's determined to
succeed
4 a generous offer
competitive
paranoid
1 a) I was up very late last night, so now I'm
-dead.
b) I
-agree with you.
2 a) My mum has remarried, so now I've got a
-father.
b) I've got a sister and two -brothers.
3 a) My
-grandfather is 92.
b) I've got a
-aunt in Scotland.
4 a) It's difficult to teach a -ability class.
b) I've got
feelings about moving to
London.
VOCABULARY BUILDER 49
13
TRAVEL
PACES 9 2 - 3
anxious if you are anxious, you are worried and
nervous about something that might happen.The
noun is anxiety: / get really - when I fly /1 always
get - before exams / the silence was making me
feel - / how do you cope with anxiety? / it helps to
share your anxieties with others
bend a bend is the curved part in a road, river, etc.
Bend is also a verb.The past tense and past
participle is bent. If you bend something,you
move it so that it is curved: when you're driving,
you shouldn't overtake on a -/a sharp - in the
road / be careful - this is a tight ~ / a ~ in the river /
the road bends sharply to the right / can you bend
your arm? / she bent down to pick up the coin
bumpy if a journey is bumpy, it is uncomfortable
because it is not smooth and the car or plane you
are in moves up and down a lot. The noun is bump.
A bump is a raised, uneven part on a surface: the
road was really ~ /we had a very -fight / the car
hit a bump in the road /1 got a nasty bump on my
head where I hit it on the pavement
calm down if you calm down,you become less
excited, angry or upset. If you calm someone
down,you make them feel less excited, angry or
upset: she got into a panic and wouldn't - / it took
me a few minutes to- / take a deep breath and - /1
tried to calm him down /you need to calm yourself
down a bit
carriage in British English, a carriage is one of the
separate sections of a train. In American English,
people say a car: they sat in a first-class - / a
second-class - / a women-only check in if you check in at a hotel or an airport, you
give your personal details and sign papers so that
50 OUTCOMES
you can enter. The noun is check-in: we'll go and at our hotelfirst/you can- online for yourflight /
do you have any bags to-? / there was a huge
queue at the check-in desk / check-in time is after
midday
confiscate if you confiscate something from someone,
you take it away from them as a punishment: the
teacher ~d my mobile phone / the boat was ~d by
the government / the police -d my passport
crossing a crossing is a boat journey across a sea
or river. A crossing is also a place where you can
cross something like a road or a border: we had a
very smooth - / it was a rough - /we reached the
border - late in the afternoon /the road was busy,
so I looked for a pedestrian deck the deck of a boat is the outside part where you
can walk. A deck is also one of the different levels
or areas on a boat, plane or bus: It was too windy
to go out on - / they had to hide in a tiny space
below - (in the part of the ship under the deck) /
we sat on the top - of the bus / passengers aren't
normally allowed on the flight - (the part of a
plane where the pilot sits)
desk a desk is a place in a large building such as
a hotel or airport where you can get help and
information:you can ask at the information - /we
went straight to the check-in - / phone the help- /
the reception ex-the prefix ex- is added to nouns to show what job
or role someone used to have. Your ex is someone
who used to be your husband, wife, boyfriend or
girlfriend: he didn't want to invite his —girlfriend /
a group of—soldiers / the —president / he's an
—smoker (he used to smoke) /she still keeps in
touch with her ex
go through if you go through a difficult or unpleasant
time, you experience it. If you go through a place,
you pass through it on your way to another place:
she's been through a very difficult time /1 don't
want to - that again /he's going through a difficult
phase / we have to - security before we can board
the flight / we'll - Newcastle on our way to Scotland
harbour a harbour is a sheltered area of sea near the
land where boats can stop and people can get on
and off: we'll be coming into the - soon /a pretty
fishing - /a busy - / we walked along the - wall
homeless if you are homeless, you have nowhere to
live. People who have nowhere to live are called
the homeless, or homeless people. The problem is
homelessness: a lot of ex-soldiers end up - /
the earthquake left thousands of people - / the
town provides overnight accommodation for people / they are trying to raise money to help the- /
homelessness is a growing problem in the cities
land when a plane lands, it comes down to the
ground.The noun is landing: we - at about
WORD BUILDING: ADJECTIVES THAT END WITH -LESS
We often add -less to nouns to make an adjective
like homeless (from the noun home). It usually
means'without something'.
careless: a mistake
endless: there are
- possibilities
homeless: he
ended up hopeless: it was a
- situation
painless: a fairly experience
powerless: he felt
completely sleepless: / had a night
speechless: / was
absolutely - with
anger
useless: a - machine
worthless: a - piece of
rubbish
и o'clock / please return to your seats - we will be
-ing shortly /1 get really anxious about flying especially at take-off and landing / it was a nice
smooth landing
line a railway line is track that trains travel along:
the train had to stop because there was something
on the - / it's a very fast - up to Edinburgh (the
trains are fast)/it's a direct-from London to
Birmingham (you don't have to change trains)
overtake if you overtake a car when you are driving,
you move in front of it. The past tense is overtook
and the past participle is overtaken: The taxi
driver overtook another car on a tight bend / it's
too dangerous to - here /1 didn't check my mirror
before overtaking
pick up if you pick someone up in a car, you go and
collect them: I'll come and pick you up at the
airport /1 have to pick the kids up from school
security security is all the systems and actions that
help to protect a place. Security in an airport is
the place where your bags and belongings are
checked: it took us ages to go through - /he got
stopped going through -/ there is now much
tighter - at the airport / they plan to tighten further / - cameras / - guards
set off when you set off, you begin a journey. The
past tense and past participle is set off: we - the
next morning / In ig8i Mai Ho finally - with 160
friends, family and neighbours / we need to - early
tomorrow
smooth A smooth surface is not rough. A smooth
journey is calm, and the car, boat or plane you are
in does not move about much. Smooth can also
mean without problems.The adverb is smoothly:
we had a - crossing /it was a - flight / the road
was - / the meeting went smoothly / the trains are
running smoothly again (without problems)
take off when a plane takes off, it leaves the ground.
The noun is take-off: we didn't - until 9 o'clock / we
took off about an hour late / we got to the airport
an hour and a half before take-off
terrifying if something is terrifying, it makes you feel
extremely frightened. If you are terrified, you feel
extremely frightened: ft was a - experience / it was
absolutely -/I'm terrified of snakes
traffic lights traffic lights are coloured lights next to
a road that control traffic and tell cars when they
should stop: stop at the - / the - turned red as we
drove up / turn left at the next set oftravel if you travel,you go from one place to another.
If you go travelling, you spend a long period of
time going to lots of different places: they-led to
Japan last month / he has to - a lot for work / I'd
love to- the world /1 usually try and - light (with
very few bags) /she spent a year -ling around
India
tyre a tyre is the ring of rubber on the wheel ofa car
or a bicycle. It is filled with air: it's a good idea to
check the ~s before you set out / we got aflat - on
the motorway / I've got a spare - in the back of the
car / we had to change the ~s
work out if you work something out, you understand
it or find an answer to it by thinking about it: we
tried to - how much food we would need / they're
trying to - why the plane crashed /he's a strange
guy - 1 can't work him out at all
PACES 9 4 - 5
bribe if you bribe someone,you offer them some
money to persuade to do something for you. Bribe
is also a noun: the teacher ~d the kids with sweets
/he was accused of bribing government officials
/ we had to - the police to let us go /you could
try offering him a - /he was accused of taking -s
(accepting them)
bureaucracy bureaucracy is a negative word for
all the rules, systems and paperwork that
organizations use. The adjective is bureaucratic:
the company is trying to reduce unnecessary - /
there's a huge amount of - involved in keeping
immigrants out / there's too much - / the whole
system is very bureaucratic
discrimination if there is discrimination, one person
or group of people is treated unfairly. The verb is
discriminate. The adjective is discriminatory: a lot
of women still face sexual - (because of their sex) /
they still suffer racial - (because of their colour or
race) / a victim of religious - / critics say the new
laws discriminate against women / they say the
new laws are discriminatory
emigrate if you emigrate, you leave your country and
go and live in another one.The noun is emigration:
people -for a wide variety of reasons / my uncle
~d to Canada / some people saw emigration as
their only option
VOCABULARY BUILDER 51
fence a fence is a wooden or metal structure that
separates two pieces of land: they have built a
high - to stop immigrants from entering the
country / they climbed over the security ~ / put
up a garden - / a - around the airport
hypocritical if someone is hypocritical, they say that
they have certain beliefs, but then behave in a
way that goes against those beliefs.The person is
called a hypocrite: she thinks that all politicians
are - / it's so - of him to take that job, after all he's
said /you're such a hypocrite!
immigration immigration is the process in which
people move into a country to live and work there.
Someone who does this is an immigrant: the
government has introduced new restrictions on - / /
handed my passport to the - official (someone who
checks the people coming into a country) / the
government wants to prevent illegal immigrants
from getting in /the country welcomes immigrants
interrogation an interrogation is the process of
asking someone questions, often in an angry way,
in order to get information.The verb is interrogate:
/ expected a long- /he was subjected to a police - /
a senior officer conducted the - / he revealed
everything under» / / was interrogated by the
officer for hours
persecution persecution is very bad and unfair
treatment of a person or group of people, usually
because of their sex, race, religion, etc. The verb is
persecute: he fears he will face - if he returns to his
own country / they are trying to escape political - /
victims of religious -/he was persecuted for being gay
refugee a refugee is someone who has left their
country because of war, a natural disaster etc: The
ship's captain agreed to take the ~s to the safety of
Malaysia / the war has created thousands of~s / the
government has agreed to take in the ~s / a - camp
restriction a restriction is a rule or action that
controls or limits something.The verb is restrict:
the government has introduced new ~s on
immigration / they have imposed trade ~s on the
country / it may be time to lift the ~s / there are
parking ~s in the city centre / the new laws restrict
freedom of the press
set up if you set up something, you make the
necessary preparations for it to start: he wants to his own business / I'm going to - my own website
stamp if you stamp a document, you press a mark
onto it with ink and a small patterned metal or
wooden block. This block is also called a stamp,
and the mark on the paper is a stamp as well:
they didn't - my passport /1 need to get my visa
-ed / he ~ed the date on the application form /the
document needs an official visa a visa is an official document that gives you
permission to enter a country: she was finally given
52 OUTCOMES
a - to go to Australia /1 need to sort out my - /
have you applied for a -yet' / he was denied a-1
my - runs out soon
uplifting if something is uplifting, it makes you feel
happy and full of hope: it's an incredibly - story /
an-film / a very - song
PAGES 9 6 - 7
compensation compensation is money that you
receive because something bad has happened to
you: the victims of the crash are asking for -from
the train company / he was awarded £50,000 - /
they are stillfightingfor ~ / he wants - for his lost
luggage
filthy if something is filthy, it is extremely dirty:
a ~ city / the room was absolutely - / that
shirt is furious if you are furious, you are extremely angry: I'm
absolutely - about them losing my luggage / they
had a - argument
light something that is light is not heavy: it's OKthe bag is only - / wear something - because it's
going to be warm / there was some - rain in the
afternoon / a - meal
make up for if you make up for something bad,you
do something to make it better: he bought me
flowers to -forgetting my birthday /when I was on
the motorway I drove fast to - lost time
pack when you pack,you put your things into a bag
or suitcase so you can take them somewhere: /
couldn't decide how many clothes to - /1 still have
to - before we leave / he -ed his bags and left /
have you -ed our passports?
recharge if you recharge something electrical, you
put more power into it: I forgot to - my mobile
before I left /1 need to - the battery
reserve if you reserve something,you arrange for
it to be kept so that you can use it. The adjective
is reserved.The noun is reservation: I've -dseats
on the train / I've ~d a room at a hotel / sorry that table is already reserved / I'd like to make a
reservation, please
set if you set a machine, you move the controls so
that it will operate in the way you want it to: sorry
I'm late - 1 forgot to - my alarm clock / remember
to - the timer
silly if something is silly, it is childish or not serious:
it was a really - mistake to make / tell the children
to stop being soaked if you are soaked,you are extremely wet:
take an umbrella or you'll get - / my clothes were
absolutely - /we were - to the bone
EXERCISES
PREPOSITIONS
Complete the sentences with the correct
preposition.
1 Have you checked
your hotel yet?
2 It was sunny, so we went up
deck.
3 We can ask
the information desk.
4 We watched the boats coming
the harbour.
5 It took about an hour to go
security at the
airport.
R Choose the correct preposition.
1 We stopped on /at the traffic lights.
2 She's travelling to/for Canada tomorrow.
3 They emigrated in / to Australia.
4 There are new restrictions in / on immigration.
5 We were furious with /about the delay.
W O R D FAMILIES
A Complete the expressions with the correct form
of the word in bold.
1 3 bumpy journey
a
on the
pavement
2 check in at the airport the
desk
3 the plane lands at six
have a smooth
4 a smooth crossing
everything went
5 a terrifying experience I was absolutely
В Complete the sentences with the correct words
from the words in brackets.
1 The government is worried about the amount
of
from the country, (emigrate)
2 The police searched the lorry for illegal
(immigration)
3 They took me into a small room to
me. (interrogation)
4 The government wants to
the
freedom of the press, (restriction)
5 I'd like to make a
at the hotel,
please, (reserve)
W O R D BUILDING
A Complete the sentences with the correct
adjective.
careless
painless
speechless
1 It was just a
mistake.
2 I couldn't say anything - 1 was
with surprise.
3 I've had a few
nights recently.
4 It is a simple and
operation.
5 This kettle doesn't work - it's
!
COLLOCATIONS
A Complete the collocations with the verbs in the
list. Look up the verbs if you need help.
overtake
stamp
pack
travel
reserve
set
1
2
3
a lorry on the motorway
around Europe by train
their passports when they come
into the country
4
your bags before you goon
holiday
5
a seat in the theatre
6
your alarm clock for 7 o'clock
В Match the two halves of the collocations.
1 abend
a) around the airport
2 the top deck
b)camp
3 security
c) in the road
4 a fence
d)of the bus
5 a refugee
e) cameras
С Complete the collocations with nouns and
adjectives from the unit.
1 the first-class c__
__e
2 a pedestrianc__
__g
3 turn left at the t
с I
s
4 apply for a v _ _ a
5 We were s
d to the bone after being out
in the rain.
6 There may be some I
t rain this afternoon.
PHRASAL VERBS
A Choose the correct word to complete the
phrasal verb.
1 Just try and calm down /up.
2 What time do we have to check up /in?
3 I can pick you up/ off at the station.
4 We'll set off / up at about 10 o'clock tomorrow.
5 The plane takes up /off at 7 in the evening.
6 I bought her some chocolates to make up
with I for her disappointment.
useless
VOCABULARY BUILDER 53
TECHNOLOGY
PACES 9 8 - 9
AIDS AIDS is a disease that makes your body unable
to fight other infections: he died of - / the epidemic in parts of Africa / deaths from - are
increasing / he's got ASAP if you do something ASAP, you do it As Soon As
Possible: Can you do it ~> /I'll get back to you with
an answer - / we need to sort this out attachment an attachment is a document you add
to an email message. The verb is attach: / got your
email, but I can't open the - / I'll send it as an - 11
forgot to attach the file
back-up if something is a back-up, it is an extra thing,
person or idea which you can use if necessary.
The verb is back something up-.you should always
make - copies of files /do we have a - plan? / the
police officer called for - (extra people) / they've
asked for more troops to back them up
cable a cable is a thick wire that carries electricity or
digital information: she tripped over a loose - /an
electric - /an underground click if you click on something,you move your
computer mouse to show that thing and then
press the mouse: - on the icon at the top of the
screen / right - (with the button on the right of
the mouse) /double - on the file to open it
connection a connection is a point where wires,
pipes, etc, join. The verb is connect: if the Internet
isn't working, start by checking the - / there's
a loose - / this machine isn't connected to the
Internet
delete if you delete something from your computer,
you remove it. The delete button is the button on a
keyboard that you press to delete something: I ~d
an important file by mistake /she read the message
and then -d it / think carefully before you press
the - button / simply select the file and press -
54 OUTCOMES
difference if something makes a difference, it
changes a situation and usually makes it better:
the extra money will definitely make a-/ raising the
minimum wage will make a huge - to people's
lives /1 tried talking to her again, but it made no (didn't change the situation)
display to display something means to show it clearly
so that people can see it. A display is a set of things
arranged so that people can see them. The display
on a computer is what is shown on the screen: the
program will - a drop-down menu/shops - their
goods in their windows /the college always ~s the
exam results on the noticeboard / there were some
lovely works of art on display (arranged for people
to see) / a nice display the shop window / we looked
at the display on the screen
external something that is external is on the outside
or comes from outside an object, building,
organization, etc.The opposite is internal.The
adverb is externally: the computer has an - harddrive / the - walls of the house / this medicine is
for - use only (you mustn't eat or drink it) / the
managers decided to consult an - advisor (from
outside the company) the project is externally
financed
file a file is a named document on the computer.
It is also a place where you can keep important
papers: / deleted the - by accident / create a
new - / a --sharing website /1 keep a - of all my
receipts
good if something is no good, it is not useful or has
no success: this old computer's no good now / it's
no good asking Mark - he doesn't know anything
about computers /1 tried saving the file again, but
that didn't do any good (wasn't successful)
icon an icon is a little picture on a computer screen:
click on the printer - /the message - on my phone
was showing that I had a new message
keyboard a computer keyboard is the part you use to
write on the computer. Each letter or number is a
key that you press: be careful not to spill coffee over
the - I get a new - /you will need good -skills/
press the delete key
log if you log on to a computer or website, you
write a name or password to start using it.The
opposite is log off: / can't - on to the network /
you need a password to - on /1 -ged off at
6 o'clock
major something that is major is very big, serious or
important: we have a - problem / this is becoming
a - issue / he had a - operation on his heart /
fund a - project / the gallery is putting on a - new
exhibition
microphone a microphone, or mike, is something you
speak into to record your voice or make it sound
louder: plug the - in to the computer / he used a to make himself heard / please speak into the - /
turn the - off
network a network is a group of computers,
machines or people which are connected. To
network computers means to connect them
together. When people network, they meet new
people and make new contacts: / logged on to
the - / the - 'sdown at the moment (not working) /
he has a good - of friends / there are plans to
network all the computers /you should get out and
network more
plug a plug is the part ofa machine that you put
into a wall or another machine to connect it. The
verb is plug it in: put the - into the socket /is the
computer plugged in? / plug your MPs player into
the computer
scan if you scan something, you use a machine
(called a scanner) to create a picture of it on a
screen. Scan is also a noun:you can - the pictures
onto your computer / put the documents in the
scanner / they did a - of his brain to check for
problems
socket a socket is a hole in the wall or in a machine
where you can put a plug: there's a - on the wall /
make sure you plug the keyboard into the right spill if you spill a liquid or powder, you make it fall
out of its container by accident: mind you don't coffee over the keyboard / he -ed sugar all over the
table / I've -ed some wine on your carpet
trip if you trip, your foot hits something by accident
and you fall or lose your balance: / -ped over
the cable /he -ped and fell I she -ped down the
stairs
PACES 1 0 0 - 1
bitter a bitter argument or fight is very angry: they
had a - argument / a - fight with his family /a dispute
boom if something is booming, it is increasing and
very successful. Boom is also a noun: the property
market is -ing / business is -ing at the moment/
tourism has -ed in recent years / there's been a
huge - in exports
creator the creator of something is the person who
made or created it: the - of the first personal
computer / the - of the website/ he was the
car's decline if there is a decline in something, it decreases
in amount or becomes less successful. Decline is
also a verb.The adjective is declining: the housing
market is in - / there has been a - in standards in
schools / student numbers have ~d / his popularity
is declining / he can't go out now because of his
declining health
destination your destination is the place you are
going to: we finally arrived at our - / they never
reached their - / it's a popular holiday -
-friendly we add -friendly to a noun to show that
something is easy or good for a particular person
or thing: all our products are environmentally-(they don't harm the environment) /the website
is user— (easy for people to use) / a child-restaurant (willing to accept children)
gossip gossip is informal information about other
people's private lives. If you gossip, you talk about
other people's private lives: he told me all the
latest - / have you got any ~? /1 never pay
attention to- / they seem to spend their time -ing
about the boss
inferior something that is inferior is not of very good
quality.The opposite is superior: it's an - product /
this model is - to the older one (not as good as it) /
he feels - to them
revealto reveal information means to make it known
to people, especially when it had been hidden or
secret: a look at the history books -s the names of
many old inventions /he promised he would never her secret /the documentary -s the truth about the
drug trade
revival if there is a revival, something becomes
popular or successful again after a period of time
when it was unpopular or unsuccessful.The verb is
revive: the product is enjoying a - / music from the
1980s is having a bit of a-1 there has been a - of
interest in home cooking / the success of the team
has revived interest in the sport
saturated if a market is saturated, it is completely
full of products. If something is saturated, it is
extremely wet: the market is already - / the market
has been - with cheap imports /he was - in sweat /
my clothes were short-lived if something is short-lived, it only exists
or lasts for a short time: their success was - / the
government was technological something technological uses
machines and is based on science and modern
knowledge.The noun is technology: therehas been
a lot of- innovation in the last ten years/great advances / they are confident they will find a solution to the problem / this is one of the benefits
of modern technology
PACES 1 0 2 - 3
allow if a thing allows you to do something, it
makes it possible for you to do it: the machine ~s
you to make copies of documents / the service -s
customers to access their Internet account from any
computer / the money will - the organization to
buy new equipment
automatically if a machine does something
automatically, it has no human help. If a person
does something automatically, they do it
VOCABULARY BUILDER 55
immediately, without needing to think about it.
The adjective is automatic: the machine does it
all - / the system shuts down ~ / it adjusts the
temperature -/1 - put my hand in front of my
eyes / he asked me for help and I ~ said yes / the
automatic doors opened
bulb a bulb, or light bulb, is the glass object that
you put in a lamp or light: we use energy-efficient
lights / the -'s gone (it is broken) /you need to
change the - /put a new - in /a 6o-watt ceiling the ceiling is the top surface in a room:
the room has a low ~ / a high ~ / a -fan / hang
something from the cool something that is cool is fashionable and
attractive: their new phone looks - / she's very - /
he was wearing a really - T-shirt
efficient if a person or thing is efficient, they do a job
well, without wasting time or energy.The noun
is efficiency. The opposite is inefficient: the newer
machines are more energy— (they use less energy) /
the car's veryfuel— / it's not a very - way of doing it
/ make ~ use of resources / the admin staff are highly
- / the department needs to improve its efficiency
fan a fan is a machine that makes air move so that a
place is cooler, hotter or less smelly: he turned on the
ceiling - /turn offthe- /an electric -/an extractor (to take old air out of a room) /a - heater
COMPOUND NOUNS
We often put two nouns together in English,
for example ceiling fan. The first noun is like an
adjective - it describes the second noun.The
first noun is never plural - ceiling fans but never
ceilings fan. Look at these other compound nouns.
an AIDS epidemic /a flu epidemic
admin staff / teaching staff
cableTV / closed-circuit TV
a telephone company / a car company
a computer display / a window display
the printer icon / the paste icon
keyboard skills / people skills
a brain scanner / a computer scanner
format a format is the design or type of technology
which is used to keep information. Format is also a
yerb-.you can change videos into different -s / what is the file in? /1 tried to change the - of the file / it's
important to - the document correctly
gadget a gadget is a small machine or device
which helps you do something useful: a - for
opening cans / a clever kitchen - / he loves all the
latest ~s
overnight if something happens overnight, it
happens from one night until the next morning:
you shouldn't leave machines on standby - / would
you like to stay -? / take the - train / the film was
an - success (very quick)
panel a panel of material is a large flat piece of it: a of wood / the water is heated by solar -s (panels
of material that make energy from sunlight) /fit
solar -s on the roof
plant if you plant something,you put it in the ground
so that it will grow: - a tree in the garden / they
-ed flowers in the front garden / the thought
someone might have -eda bomb (hidden it in a
place)
run we use run off or run on to say what type of
energy a machine uses: a radio that -s off solar
power /its on batteries / most cars - on petrol /
some cars - off electricity
solar solar means connected to the sun: - power / panels / - energy /the biggest planet in thesystem
standby if a machine or person is on standby, they are
not being used, but are waiting and prepared to be
used. When machines are on standby, they often
have a little red light: / always leave my computer
on- / the police are on - in case they are needed /
the hospital has a - generator (for producing
electricity)
straightforward if something is straightforward, it is
simple and easy: the photocopier is very - to use /
applying for a passport is a - process / he gave instructions / it's a - question
subsidise if the government subsidises something,
it provides some of the money for it so that it
is cheaper for people to buy or use. The noun
is subsidy: the transport system is ~d by the
government / the EU -s farmers / they want to
increase government subsidies to industry
switch if you switch something off or on,you press
a switch to start or stop the electricity: - the light
on / the computer -es itself off / - off your mobile
phone / Where's the light ~?
EXERCISES
3
4
5
6
PREPOSITIONS
A Complete the sentences with the correct
preposition.
1 There has been a decline
standards.
2 Click
the'save'icon.
3 I tried to log
to the network.
4 Plug the computer
the socket.
5 I scanned the photos
my computer.
6 She tripped
a cable.
7 You shouldn't leave your computer
standby.
В Choose the correct preposition.
1 I spilled orange juice in/overthe keyboard.
2 He was the original creator of /from this
program.
3 I'll send the document as/for an attachment.
4 The new model is inferior to / of the old one.
5 It's a useful gadget to I for opening bottles.
6 His car runs with/on electricity.
W O R D FAMILIES
A Complete the expressions with the correct form
of the word in bold.
1 a loose connection
the printer
to the computer
2 a revival of interest it might
in his films
interest in the sport
3 a lot of technological the benefits of
innovation
modern
4 the doors open
an
door
automatically
5 an efficient heating we must improve
system
6 the government
increase government
subsidises farming
to industry
В Which TWO words in the list are NOT both a
noun and verb?
boom
decline display format gossip icon
network scan
socket switch
W O R D BUILDING
the admin
good keyboard
a window
the printer
c) epidemic
d) scanner
e) skills
f) staff
COLLOCATIONS
A Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the verbs in the list. Look up the verbs if you
need help.
•
allow
delete display
plant reveal
switch
1 Be careful you don't
an
important file by mistake.
2 They usually
the exam dates on
the notice board.
3 He promised he wouldn't
her
secret.
4 The system
you to store a lot of
information.
5 We decided to
a tree in the back
garden.
6 Don't forget to
the computer off
when you've finished.
В Match the two halves of the collocations. Look
up the nouns (a-f) if you need help.
1 make a
a) destination
2 die of
b) panel to the roof
3 use a
c) difference
4 reach your
d)AIDS
5 change the
e) microphone to make
yourself heard
6 fit a solar
f) light bulb
С Complete the missing adjectives.
1 Fix the aerial to an e
__lwallofthe
house.
2 That old computer's n o g _ _ d now.
3 His success didn't last long - it was
quite s
t -1
d.
4 The market is already s _
__dwith
products.
5 I love your T-shirt - it's really с
II
6 There's room if you want to stay о _
__t.
7 It's not difficult - in fact it's quite s __
f
d.
8 They had a b
r argument about the
money.
9 The website is quite user-f_ _
__y.
A Match the two halves of the compound nouns.
1 an AIDS
a) display
2 a brain
b) icon
56 OUTCOMES
VOCABULARY BUILDER 57
INJURIES AND ILLNESS
PACES 1 0 4 - 5
adverse adverse effects or conditions are bad or
harmful.The adverb is adversely: he had an reaction to the drug / the flight was cancelled
because of - weather conditions I the industry has
been adversely affected by the poor economy
antibiotics antibiotics are drugs that are given to
people to cure infections and to kill bacteria:
the infection should clear up with - / the doctor
prescribed a course of - / I'm on - at the moment I
I'm taking - for my chest infection
blood pressure your blood pressure is the force with
which your blood moves around your body:youVe
got very high - / the doctor took my - (measured
it) / / need to lower my - / she suffers from lowchest your chest is the upper front part of your body,
between your stomach and your neck: I've got a infection / I've been having pains in my- / my -felt
really tight and I could hardly breathe
consciousness consciousness is the condition
of being awake and being aware of what is
happening around you. The adjective is conscious.
The opposite is unconscious: he lost - / she finally
regained - two hours later /he was drifting in
and out of - / he was fully conscious during the
operation /she was knocked unconscious when
shefell
cough if you cough,you force air out of your throat
with a short, loud noise. Cough is also a noun: the
smoke was making me - I he's -ing a lot at night /1
couldn't stop - ing / I've had a nasty -for weeks /a
smoker's - / have you got anything for a ~?
diarrhoea if you have diarrhoea, a lot of liquid waste
comes out of your bottom because you are ill: have
you had any - at all? /1 had awful - after that meal
/ the food gave me an attack of-
58 OUTCOMES
dizzy if you feel dizzy, you feel as if you are losing
your balance and are going to fall over.The noun is
dizziness: It was really hot on the underground and
I felt - and then I just fainted / have you had any
dizziness at all?
infection if you have an infection, there is a bacteria
or virus in part of your body that is making you
ill. You can also say that a part of your body is
infected. Diseases can be infectious if they can
move from one person to another.The verb is
infect: / had a nasty chest - /an ear - / a viral - /
have you come into contact with an infected
person? /he is infected with HIV/a highly
infectious disease / it's important not to infect
other people
itchy if a part of your body is itchy, you feel as if you
want to scratch it.The noun is itchiness.The verb
is itch: a really - rash /1 feel - all over / I'll give you
some cream for the itchiness /1 know it itches but
don't scratch it
medication a medication is a drug that you take to
cure an illness: the main side effect of the - is that
it makes you feel sleepy / the doctor recommended
trying a different - /1 don't want to take - / a re you
on any - at all?
nasty if something is nasty, it is bad and unpleasant:
I've got a - cough / I've developed this - rash on my
hand /1 hit my head and got a - cut / he picked up
a - viral infection when he was on holiday
painkillers painkillers are drugs which reduce or
remove physical pain: the doctor gave me some - /
I need some stronger - / take a couple ofrash a rash is an area of red spots that you get on
your skin if you are allergic to something or if you
are ill: I've got a - on my legs /I've developed a
nasty - /an allergic - / when I'm stressed, I come
out in a reaction if you suffer a reaction to a drug or a type of
food, it affects you in a bad way.The verb is react:
have you ever had any ~s to any drugs? / she had
an allergic - to the prawns/she suffered an adverse
- to the treatment / some patients react badly to
the medication
sneeze when you sneeze, you blow air out of your
nose with a loud sound. When you sneeze, other
people often say bless you: the dust was making
me- / he starts sneezing as soon as he goes near a
cat /1 think I'm going to sprain if you sprain a joint in your body, you hurt it
byturning it too much.The adjective is sprained:
/ think I've -ed my ankle / I've -ed my wrist / he's
-ed his knee / it's probably just -ed but you should
have it X-rayed
swollen (up) if a part of your body is swollen (up), it
is bigger than usual because of an injury or illness.
The verb is swell (up).The noun is swelling: his
knee was painful and - / the joints in her hands
are really - / my arm had swollen up from the bee
sting /put some ice on it to reduce the swelling
symptoms symptoms are the signs you notice in your
body that show you have an illness: apart from a
headache, doyou have any other ~? / the - ofa cold
include coughing and sneezing / I'd been ignoring
the-for ages
vomit vomit is a more formal, medical word for be
sick or throw up. When you vomit, food and drink
comes back up from your stomach and leaves your
mouth. Vomit is also a noun: have you -edat all? /
he was -ing up blood / the smell made me want to
- /he was lying in a pool of -
PACES 1 0 6 - 7
acne acne is a skin condition which causes a lot
of bad spots on your face. It particularly affects
teenagers: washing too much can make - worse /
I used to have terrible - as a teenager / she suffers
from -1 my - eventually cleared up
addictive if something is addictive, you cannot stop
taking it or doing it once you start. You become
addicted (to it). The person who is addicted is an
addict: coffee is very - /a highly - drug /some
computer games are - / he's completely addicted to
chocolate / he became a heroin addict
arthritis arthritis is a medical condition in which the
joints in your body swell up and become painful:
my grandma's got - / he suffers from severe - / new
drugs to treat attack to attack a person or a place mea ns to try to
hurt or damage them by using violence. Attack is
also a noun: the dog suddenly-ed me and bit my
leg / the virus ~s the brain / a violent racist - / the
soldiers came under - /she suffered an - of nerves
childhood your childhood is the time when you are a
child: о poor diet in - can lead to problems in later
life / I've got very happy memories of my - /she
had a difficult cholesterol cholesterol is a fatty substance in your
blood. If you have too much,you might have a
heart attack: try to eat foods which are low in - /
there is a definite link between - and heart disease /
he's got high - / drugs to reduce - in the blood
condition a medical condition is a long-term illness or
health problem: she's got some kind of medical
- / he's got a genetic - / she was born with a
serious heart crack if you crack the joints in your hands, you pull or
bend your fingers so that they make a loud sound:
-ing the joints in your fingers can cause arthritis /
don't - your fingers - it's horrible!
cure to cure someone, or cure their disease or illness,
means to make them better. Cure is also a noun. A
disease that is incurable cannot be cured: he's now
completely ~d of the disease / there's no -for the
common cold / scientists are still looking for a - for
AIDS / he's got an incurable medical condition
disease a disease is an illness that affects people or
animals. Diseases are often caused by infections:
the - is caused by a virus / he's got heart - /an
incurable - / a fatal - (causing death)/sexually
transmitted -s
factor a factor is one of the things that has an effect
on an event or situation: -s such as smoking and
high blood pressure can lead to heart attacks / a
person's weight is one of the major -s
fluids fluids are liquids that you drink.This is a formal,
medical word: go to bed and drink lots of - / the
doctor put me on - for two days (drinks, but no
food)
genetic if a disease or medical condition is genetic, it
is connected to someone's genes - the parts of a
cell that control physical growth, development, etc:
He's got a - condition /a - defect / they may be
able to treat the disease with - engineering
insomnia if you suffer from insomnia,you find it hard
to sleep: she suffers from terrible - / the medication
just made my - worse
irritable if a person is irritable, they become angry
or annoyed very easily.The noun is irritability.The
verb is irritate: She gets very - sometimes / if you
stop drinking coffee,you can suffer withdrawal
symptoms such as headaches and irritability /the
cream irritated my skin (made it painful)
joints your joints are the parts of your body where
two bones meet and can move together,for
exam pie your knee: the - in her wrists are very
swollen / don't crack your - /1 sometimes get
terrible pains in my malaria malaria is a tropical disease that is spread by
mosquitoes: he caught - / mosquitoes spread - / is carried by mosquitoes / the doctor is treating him
for - / new anti-- drugs
speed up if something speeds up, or if you speed it
up, it moves or happens more quickly: coffee makes
your body - / what can I do to - my computer? /
we're trying to - the application process
stimulant a stimulant is a drug that makes your
heart beat faster and stops you feeling tired: coffee
is a - / the drug acts as a mild - /you should try to
avoid -s
swallow when you swallow something, it moves
from your mouth into your stomachyou shouldn't
- chewing gum /1 can't - this pill / it hurts when I - /
she -ed a chicken bone by accident
virus a virus is a very small living thing that can enter
your body and cause a disease. A computer virus
is a program that can enter your computer and
destroy information.The adjective is viral: colds are
caused Ьу-es/ he picked up a nasty - / I've been
off work all week with a - / try not to pass the - on
to other people / the email contained a - /a viral
infection
VOCABULARY BUILDER 59
withdrawal withdrawal is the process of stopping
something, removing something or taking
something away: People who suddenly stop
drinking coffee may suffer ~ symptoms like
headaches /1 need to make a - from my bank
account (take money out) / the gradual - of
soldiers from the area
PACES 1 0 8 - 9
bite if you bite something, you use your teeth to cut
into it or make a hole in it.The past tense is bit.
The past participle is bitten. Bite is also a noun:
a dog bit me on the leg /don't - your nails /1 was
bitten by a snake /1 woke up covered in mosquito
-s / he had a nasty - on his leg
bruise a bruise is a dark mark you get on your body
if you are hit. Bruise is also a verb. The adjective is
bruised: he had quite a few cuts and ~s / she had a
nasty - on her face /1 fell and -d my leg / a badlybruised arm
faint if you faint,you suddenly become unconscious
for a short period of time: I felt dizzy and just -ed /
lots of people -ed in the heat /1 was so hungry I
nearly -ed
fall off if you fall off something, you drop off it by
accident: I fell off my bike and hurt myself / he fell
ofa horse and broke his shoulder /1 fell off a ladder
PREPOSITIONS
A Complete the sentences with the correct
preposition.
1 I've got a rash
my neck.
2 You've got all the symptoms
a cold.
3 I've got a pain
my chest.
4 The joints
his hand are very painful.
5 A snake bit me
the ankle.
W O R D FAMILIES
Complete the expressions with the correct form
of the word in bold.
1 she lost consciousness he was
during the operation
2 I feel dizzy
a feeling of
the disease is highly
4 his knee was swollen
put ice on it to reduce
the
some diseases are
it can cause
a
infection
a badlyface
8 he's got a bruise
on his arm
If you slip or trip, you might fall over: / slipped on
the ice and fell over /1 was running and I tripped
and fell over.
You fall off something you are standing on or
riding: she fell off a motorbike and was lucky to
survive.
3 a chest infection
5 doctors can cure
the disease
6 sometimes she's
very irritable
7 she's got a virus
PHRASAL VERBS WITH 'FALL'
You fall down the stairs: / slipped and fell down
the stairs and broke my leg.
3 I felt really sick and thought I was going to
EXERCISES
sting if an insect stings you, it sticks a sharp part of
its body into you and hurts you. The past tense and
the past participle is stung. Sting is also a noun:
This bee stung me on the arm and my whole arm
swelled up / / got stung by a bee /1 had a painful on my arm / a nasty sunburn if you have sunburn,your skin is red and
painful because you have stayed in the sun for too
long. The adjective is sunburnt: / spent the whole
day on the beach and ended up with terrible - /
take these simple precautions to prevent - / creams
for treating - / put some suncream on or you 'II get
sunburnt
suntan if you have a suntan, or a tan, your skin looks
healthy and is a nice, dark colour because of the
time you have spent in the sun. The adjective
is tanned: I'm determined to get a good - this
summer /put some - lotion on / she came back
from holiday with a deep tan / she looked tanned
and healthy
survive if you survive an accident or a dangerous
situation, you do not die.The noun is survivor: she
was incredibly lucky to - the crash / he's -d three
heart attacks so far / there were no survivors from
the plane crash / they are still looking for survivors
crack
cure
1
2
3
4
5
6
sprain
survive
swallow
your ankle.
the plane crash
your joints
illnesses
the pills
your nails
attack
cough
faint
sneeze
sting
vomit
1 People often say 'bless you' when someone
2 The smoke from the fire was making me
60 OUTCOMES
1 She's got a serious heart
2
is carried by mosquitoes.
3 Coffee is a
4 I'm determined to get a decent
this summer.
5 AIDS is caused by a
6 If you stay in the sun too long, you'll end up
with
F Complete the missing adjectives.
1 a _ __e weather conditions
2 g
^engineering
3 a highly a
__edrug
4 a very i
у rash
В Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the verbs in the list.
j
D Complete the collocations with nouns from
the unit.
1 The food gave me d __
__a.
2 Takesomep_
s if you've got a
headache.
3 She's got a nasty r__ h on her arms.
4 Some teenagers get terrible a __e.
5 A lot of older people suffer from a
_s
in their joints.
6 She had a very happy с
__d.
7 He has to take drugs to reduce his
с
I.
malaria condition stimulant sunburn suntan
virus
A Complete the collocations with the verbs in
the list.
bite
С Match the two halves of the collocations. Look
up the nouns (a-f) if you need help.
1 prescribe a course of a) fluids
2 have high
b) antibiotics
3 have an ear
c) reaction
4 have an allergic
d) withdrawal symptoms
5 drink lots of
e) infection
6 suffer
f) blood pressure
E Complete the sentences with the correct noun.
COLLOCATIONS
J
4 Wasps won't
you unless you
make them angry.
5 I thought I was going to
with the
heat.
6 I was worried the dogs might
us.
PHRASAL VERBS
A Choose the correct word to complete the
phrasal verb.
1 She fell off/ over in the street.
2 He fell off/ down his motorbike.
3 I fell over /down the stairs.
4 Some drugs make your body speed up/down.
VOCABULARY BUILDER 61
NEWS AND EVENTS
PACES 1 1 0 - 1 1
affair if someone has an affair, they have a sexual
relationship with a person who is not their wife or
husband: she found out her husband was having
an - /he had an - with his secretary
attacker an attacker is a criminal who uses violence
to hurt someone.The verb is Mack: he didn't know
his - (the person who attacked him)/she was able
to identify her - / he gave a description of the - /
did you see who attacked your
back together when something is back together, it is
joined again after it was broken. If people are back
together, they are in a relationship again after they
were separated: / took the TV apart, then couldn't
get it- /I managed to glue it - / did you hear that
lay and Selma are -? / they've split up, but they
may get VERBS TO DESCRIBE HOW TO ATTACH THINGS
We often make verbs from the names of things
we use to attach things together. For example, we
glue things back together.
In the same way, we can nail things to a wall,
staple or clip pieces of paper together - and
sellotape (or just tape) things together.
ceasefire if there is a ceasefire, the two sides in a war
agree to stop fighting for a period of time: the
two sides have agreed a - / they are calling for an
immediate - / they are trying to negotiate a ~ / it's
not clear which side broke the - / the -has ended
close down when a business closes down, it closes
forever: the shop might have to - / a lot of people
62 OUTCOMES
were made unemployed when the factory closed
down / the shop's having a closing-down sale
exchange exchange is the buying and selling of
foreign money. The exchange rate is the price of
foreign money: what's the - rate for dollars at the
moment? / the - has gone down
horoscope a horoscope is a prediction of the future
based on the month or year you were born in: /
always read the -s in the newspaper/a daily - /do
you believe in ~s? / what does my - say?
midfielder a midfielder is someone whose position
in a football team is mainly in the middle of the
pitch, the midfield:o brilliant young -/one of
the best -s around /he managed to dominate the
midfield
pass away if someone has passed away, they have
died. Pass away is a more formal and polite way
of saying die: did you see in the paper that Sven
Larstrom passed away? / my grandmother passed
away last year / he passed away in his sleep
premiere a premiere is the first time a play, film
or show is shown to people: hundreds of
celebrities will attend the - / the - of a new film /
go to the - of the latest Hollywood film / be invited
to the redundant if someone is made redundant, they
have to leave their job because the company is
changing or is having economic problems.The
noun is redundancy: 5,000 people will be made - /
I was made - when the factory closed down / 500
workers are now facing redundancy
review a review in a newspaper is a comment about
how good a new book, film, show, etc, is: the film
has had great -s / the show got terrible ~s I mixed
-s (some good, some bad) / / always read the pages / the - said it's amazing
ridiculous something that is ridiculous is crazy,
unreasonable or looks silly. The adverb is
ridiculously: That's -I / she spends a - amount
of money on clothes / it was a - waste of time /
she was wearing a - outfit / it was ridiculously
expensive
sign if you sign someone,you make a legal written
agreement to give them work: Manchester United
have -ed a new striker / they've -ed three new
players / one of the big music companies wants to them
stab to stab someone means to put a knife or
another sharp object into their body: He was -bed
15 times and left to die/she was -bed to death /
he was -bed in the neck / she -bed a fork into my
hand
star sign a star sign is one of 12 characters associated
with the month you were born (Pisces, Capricorn,
Leo, etc). Some people believe they determine
your character and future: what - are you? /
let me guess your - / our -s don't match / my - is
Aries
PACES 1 1 2 - 1 3
activist an activist is someone who does things to
try and change political or social policy, often as
part of an organization: a human rights - who
campaigned for the rights of black people / a gay
rights - / trade unions -s
athlete an athlete is someone who is very fit and
takes part in competitive sport, especially athletics
(running,jumping and throwing).The adjective
is athletic: He's the greatest - of all time / the
country's top ~s / she belongs to an athletics club /
he's very athletic (fit and strong)
charity a charity is an organization which does not
make a profit. It collects money to help people or
to provide information: He set up a - to help poor
children / we're raising money for - /the company
donates a lot of money to composer a composer is someone who writes music,
especially classical music. The verb is compose: a who wrote piano music / one of the greatest living
-s / he composed his first symphony when he was
only 13
consider if you consider something,you think about
it carefully before making a decision. If something
is considered (to be) the best, etc, then lots of
different people have that opinion: Euclid is -ed
the father of geometry / it is widely -ed to be his
best film / I'm still -ing the offer / it's not -ed polite
to talk with your mouth full
dictator a dictator is a leader ofa country who was
not elected by the people and often uses violence
or strict laws to control the people. A country ruled
by a dictator or a system where a dictator rules is
called a dictatorship: Pol Pot was a - in
Cambodia / they left the country during the
dictatorship / millions of people all over the
world live under dictatorships
founder the founder of an organization is the person
who first started it.The verb is found: the - of the
Turkish republic / the - of the company / the city
was founded in the tenth century / the newspaper
was founded in 1864
grant a grant is an amount of money that a
government or organization gives someone to
help them do something: the scheme provides
~s to teachers to pay for training / he applied for
a - / she got a research - / he was awarded a - to
study abroad / a home improvement influential an idea or a person that is influential
changes other people's thinking or way of doing
things.The verb and noun is influence: his ideas
were very - / a highly - actor / he was strongly
influenced by hip-hop music / my parents had a
huge influence on my life
liberation liberation is when a person or a country
is made free. The verb is liberate: the country is
still fighting for - /he was part of the - struggles
in Brazil / the women's - movement / soldiers
moved in to liberate the city from the occupying
army / they are trying to liberate the country from
a dictator
mathematician a mathematician is someone who
teaches or studies mathematics, or maths: a
famous - / he's a brilliant memorabilia memorabilia is objects from the
past which people collect to remind them of a
particular person or time: the bar is decorated
with - from the 1960s / she collects Elvis - /an
auction of pop military something which is military is connected
to the army. The military is a country's armed
forces: a - leader / they have to do compulsory service /the government should take - action / a dictatorship /he served in the -for20years
name after if you name something after a person,
you give it the same name in order to remind
you of the person or show respect: they named
the metro station after Eddy Merckx / the street is
named after the country's first leader / I'm named
after my grandfather
radiation radiation is the form of energy that is sent
out from nuclear reactions, and from substances
such as uranium.The adjective is radioactive:
Marie Curie studied - / some of the workers
were exposed to- / they got - sickness / a highly
radioactive substance
radical things which are radical are extreme or
involve a big change in the way something is done:
some of his ideas are very - /a - solution to the
problem / - left-wing politics /a- preacher in a
church
record a record is the best time, distance, number, etc,
that a person or group has ever achieved when
doing something: he set a new world-for the
100 metres /she broke the world - / who currently
holds the world right a right is somethingyou are allowed to do
by society or by the law: trie struggle for human
-s (rights that all people should have) /they
campaign for the -s of immigrants /the women's
~s movement /you'vegot no - to say that
scheme a scheme is a plan or programme of action
by an organization to help people do somethings
government - to help unemployed peoplefindjobs /
go on a training - I join the company pension unify to unify a country or group means to join
separate parts of it together. The adjective is
unified: he was a military leader who helped Italy / - the different groups / a unified approach to
the problem (with everyone working together)
vaccine a vaccine is a kind of medicine you take so
you do not get a disease in the future.The verb is
vaccinate: they are hoping to develop a - against
VOCABULARY BUILDER 63
malaria / a safe and effective ~ /the polio - /you
can be vaccinated against flu
work a work is a painting, book, sculpture, etc, by an
artist: Shakespeare's most famous - is King Lear /
the gallery exhibits ~s by local artists / the complete
~s of Nietzsche
PAGES 1 1 4 - 1 5
barriera barrier is something physical or mental
that stops people going somewhere or doing
something: they put a - across the road / a
security - / physical disability is no -to a successful
career / they want to break down cultural ~s
befriend if you befriend someone,you become their
friend and treat them in a kind way: they ~ed an
elderly widow / he ~ed me on my first day at work
bravery bravery is a quality which means you can do
dangerous things or suffer pain without showing
fear or showing that you are hurt. The adjective is
brave: going back to rescue the children was an act
of great - / he won an award for - / it was a very
brave decision /you're brave!
contestant a contestant is someone who competes
in a game, quiz or competitions - on a reality TV
show /one of the -s won f i million /the -s on a
talent show
courage courage is the ability to do somethingyou
think is right even if it is dangerous to do. The
adjective is courageous: he was widely praised for
his - / it took real - to stand up and tell the truth /1
finally plucked up courage (found enough courage)
to talk to her / it was a very courageous thing to do
elderly someone who is elderly is old. Elderly is a
polite way of saying old. The elderly are people
who are old: an - widow / my father's quite - now /
the problems that are faced by the forward if you forward something to someone, you
send it to them after it has been sent to you: I'll the email from head office to you /can you - me
the link for the website? / please - any post to my
new address
hit if a song, film of book is a hit, it is very successful
and makesa lot of money: he had a few big hits in
the igSos / a number one - / their first CD was a
massive physical something that is physical is connected to
your body rather than your mind: he has a - disability
/ there was a strong - attraction between them /
building roads is hard - work / a - punishment
praise if you praise someone or something,you say '
how good you think they are. Praise is often used
in the passive. Praise is also a noun: he was widely
-dfor his courage / the book was ~d by the critics /
he was full of praise for our work
repay if you repay someone, you give back money
that they gave you, or you do something to thank
them for something they did for you: the money
must be repaid in full / he can't afford to - his debts /
I hope that one day we can -your kindness /how
can I ever-you?
talent show a talent show is a competition on TV in
which people perform in some way and judges
or the public decide who is the best: he became
famous when he won a TV - / a popular - / she
appeared on a - / a contestant on a - / one of the
judges on a tune a tune is a series of musical notes which are
pleasant to listen to. A tune is also a song. Tune
is also a verb: she can play a few simple -s on the
piano / my favourite - on the CD / she can t sing in
- (with the correct notes) / / hate listening to outof— singing (with the wrong notes) / will you help
me - my guitar?
version a version of something is a form of it which
is different from other forms: which - of the song
do you like best? / his ~s of well-known songs are
very popular /1 prefer the original - /a simplified of the story
will a will is a legal document which says who should
receive someone's money and property when
they die: my aunt left me a house in her - / it's
important to make a - (write and sign one)/she
threatened to change her - so that I would get
nothing
EXERCISES
PREPOSITIONS
A Complete the sentences with the correct
preposition.
1 She was stabbed three times
the chest.
2 He was one of the founders
the company.
3 Scientists are hoping to develop a vaccine
AIDS.
4 We went to see an exhibition of works
local artists.
5 Police have put a barrier
the road.
6 She's applied to be a contestant
a TV talent
show.
7 I'll forward the email
you.
8 Everyone praised him
his achievements.
9 I prefer the original version
the song.
10 My grandfather left me some money
his will.
W O R D FAMILIES
A Complete the expressions with the correct form
of the word in bold.
1 recognise your
they threatened to
attacker
2 a brilliant midfielder play in the.
3 a ridiculous idea
they're
expensive
4 the country's top
he's very
athletes
to
music
5 a great composer
the country is a
1 They are planning to
several new
players for the team.
2 The crisis could
the country.
3 Two men attacked him and
him
to death.
4 She
me when I first moved
here.
5 How can I
you for all your
kindness?
В Match the two halves of the collocations. Look
up the nouns (a-h) if you need help.
1 call for an immediate a) charity
2 read your
b) memorabilia
3 attend the
c) ceasefire
4 donate money to
d) grant
5 apply for a research
e) horoscope
6 collect pop
f) premiere of a film
7 be exposed to
g) record
8 break a world
h) radiation
С Complete the collocations with nouns from
the unit.
1 play a t
e on the piano
2 appearonat
t s__w
3 pluckupc__ __e to talk to him
4 have a number one h _ _
5 join the company pension s
e
6 campaign for human r
s
D Complete the sentences with the adjectives in
the list.
back together
physical
elderly
radical
military
redundant
,i dictator
В Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the word in brackets.
1 My teachers had a huge
опту
life, (influential)
2 They are fighting to
the country.
(liberation)
3 This is a highly
substance.
(radiation)
4 Most children are now
against
the disease, (vaccine)
5 That was a very
thing to do.
(courage)
1 My grandfather is very
now, so
he doesn't go out much.
2 They keep splitting up then getting
again.
3 Five hundred workers at the factory have been
made
4 He's got some very
ideas.
5 The school doesn't believe in
punishment.
6 Alh8 year olds have to do
service.
PHRASAL VERBS
COLLOCATIONS
A Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the words in the list.
befriend
64 OUTCOMES
repay
sign
stab
unify
A Choose the correct words to complete the
phrasal verbs.
1 The factory may have to close up / down.
2 My grandmother passed away /over last year.
3 I was named/or/after my uncle.
VOCABULARY BUILDER 65
0 1 M Y FIRST C L A S S
02 FEELINGS
03 TIME OFF
0 4 INTERESTS
0 5 W O R K I N G LIFE
PREPOSITIONS
PREPOSITIONS
PREPOSITIONS
PREPOSITIONS
PREPOSITIONS
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
l
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
A
1
3
5
7
9
11
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
В
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
from
of
into
of
against
with
on
with
for
WORD FAMILIES
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
manage
availability
fluently
improvement
motivate
reliable
В
remind, policy
COLLOCATIONS
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
в
1
2
3
4
5
6
pick up
get by
dub
provide
review
improve
d
a
f
с
b
e
PHRASAL VERBS
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
get by
deal with
picks things up
rushed out
rely on
run out
sort out
PATTERNS
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
working
to give
to deal with
trying
to knit
waiting
at
about
with
with
against
in
about
from
in
to
in, from
WORD FAMILIES
A
1 disappointed,
disappointment
2 confused, confusion
3 bored, boredom
4 pleased, pleasure
5 exhausted,exhaustion
COLLOCATIONS
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
В
1
2
3
4
5
6
С
1
2
3
4
5
relationship
relief
speech
mark
helpline
campaign
skills
accommodation
make
launch
make
get
give
solve
upset
isolated
handsome
successful
exciting
PHRASAL VERBS
A
1
2
3
4
up
down
up
up
PATTERNS
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
to break
going
to arrive
to hear
to be
working
in
2
between 4
in
6
to
8
in
10
in
to
in
down
on
for
WORD FAMILIES
A
l
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
decorations
guided
located
miners
pray
ruined
entitles
chill
confirmation
humidity
stormy
WORD-BUILDING
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
retake
repaint
rebuild
resell
remarried
rewrite
COLLOCATIONS
A
1
3
5
В
1
2
3
4
5
6
С
1
2
3
4
5
D
1
3
5
E
1
2
3
4
5
с
e
a
2 f
4 b
6 d
mine
temple
forecast
location
damage
nightmare
reopened
rejected
blew
reached
spoiled
с
d
b
2 e
4 a
fall
come
send
open
make
PHRASAL VERBS
A
1
2
3
4
5
66
OUTCOMES
rip off
pour down
warm up
clear up
turn out
in
at
at
about
in
of
in
from
WORD FAMILIES
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
defender
shot
fitness
injured
slippery
strength
training
challenging
В
kick, score, bat, bully
WORD-BUILDING
A
1 unreliable
2 unable
3 uncomfortable
4 unfair
5 unusual
6 unfit
COLLOCATIONS
A
1
2
3
4
В
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
С
1
2
3
4
5
6
D
1
2
3
4
5
6
с
d
a
b
scored
pulled
train
download
set
suits
persuaded
do
attend
keep
reach
build up
have
complicated
rubbish
straight
big-headed
stiff
bloody
PREPOSITIONS
in
with
on
of
in
for
for
of
A
1
2
3
4
С
1
2
3
4
in
at
in
to
for
to
with
at
deliver
responsible
train
variety
performer
risky
insecurity
competition
support
recruitment
reward
photocopier
accountant
civil servant
engineer
researcher
COLLOCATIONS
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
в
1
2
3
4
perform
expose
handle
preserve
slam
swear
b
с
d
a
1 get
3 get
5 give
2 fill in
4 carry
6 earn
D
cramped, supportive
PATTERNS
A
1
2
3
4
5
to work
designing
cleaning
to be
losing
in
of
of
in
В
1 on
2 in
3 for
4 on
WORD FAMILIES
WORD FAMILI
A
l
2
3
4
5
6
В
1
2
3
4
5
6
06 GOING
SHOPPING
A
1
2
3
4
storage
unevenly
overdrawn
trend
label, fake, queue
WORD-BUILDING
A
1
2
3
4
fashion
danger
date
university
COLLOCATIONS
A
1
2
3
4
5
В
1
2
3
4
5
С
1
2
3
4
5
D
1
2
3
4
5
last
match
store
upgrade
fit
heels
label
mall
top
diet
made
went
eat
have
wait
b
с
a
d
e
PHRASAL VERBS
A
1
2
3
4
hang up
shop around
hang around
queue up
07 SCHOOL AND
STUDYING
PREPOSITIONS
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
with
about
in
for
from, for
of
WORD FAMILIES
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
dedication
revise
achieve
encouragement
push
succeed
0 8 EATING
PREPOSITIONS
A
l to
2 out
from
4 for
5 with
6 to
7 to
8 for
WORD FAMILIES
A
1
2
3
4
diabetes
full
exceptionally
leftovers
5 mouldy
WORD-BUILDING
WORD-BUILDING
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
A
1 greasy
2 buttery
3 oily
4 spicy
5 watery
6 sugary
COLLOCATIONS
inconvenient
inexperienced
invalid
incomplete
inaccurate
insensitive
COLLOCATIONS
A
1
2
3
5
6
В
1
2
3
4
5
с
i
2
3
4
5
D
1
2
3
4
5
deserve
extend
lighten
control
skip
d
b
с
e
a
got
do
hand in
pay
get
dedicated
concerned
lively
rough
rigid
PATTERNS
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
to pass
to work
to achieve
cheating
to do
to cope
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
В
1
2
3
4
5
split
spread
transfer
advertise
attract
ban
stocks
estimate
overpowers
swap
stick
С
1 dish
2 products
3 goods
4 disorder
5 terrace
D
1 strong
2 find
3 get
4 big
E
1 fattening
2 raw
3 tender
4 deserted
5 generous
6 organic
7 limited
PHRASAL VER
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
for
round
over
off
out
through
VOCABULARY BUILDER
67
09 HOUSES
10 GOING OUT
A
1 of
2 in
3 to
with
for
PREPOSITIONS
A
l by
2
3
4
5
6
7
9 of
WORD FAMILIES
from
8 on
WORD FAMILIES
A
l
23
4
5
6
7
8
enormously
separated
tiled
dramatic
elected
invest
connections
residents
WORD-BUILDINC
A
1
2
3
4
5
appointment
improvement
development
attachment
management
COLLOCATIONS
A
l
2
3
4
5
В
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
S
6
7
8
9
10
D
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
build
rent
fixed
clean up
leaking
b
d
a
e
с
garage
interest
mortgage
rate
rise
root
shortage
distance
graffiti
outskirts
dark
enormous
run-down
separate
spacious
budget
residential
68 OUTCOMES
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
sculptor
subtitled
tragic
exaggeration
pleasantly
sweaty
В
cast, stroll, sweat
WORD-BUILDING
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
distractions
appreciation
congratulations
location
selection
revision
operation
COLLOCATIONS
1
2
3
4
5
6
В
1
2
3
4
5
6
b
a
с
e
f
d
С
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
rural
authentic
dreadful
keen
weird
pleasant
spectacular
D
1
2
3
4
5
landscape
portrait
scenery
sculpture
still life
soundtrack
crazy
place
out
minute
way
11 THE NATURAL
WORLD
PREPOSITIONS
A
1 from
3 into
s of
7 in
В
1 in
2 in
3 at
4 through
5 into
6 In
7 with
8 in
2
4
6
8
for
in
with
under
disappearance
distracted
rocky
hunters
illegally
inhabitants
smuggling
threat
destruction
extinction
predictable
freedom
investigation
poison
sociable
speed
С
action, habitat
COLLOCATIONS
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
В
1
2
3
4
5
6
С
1
3
5
7
D
1
2
3
4
search
lick
predict
threaten
investigate
stroke
hissed
crawled
breed
hunt
scratch
circling
b
a
g
П
PREPOSITIONS
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
to
in
with
with / towards
of
with
with
about
WORD FAMILIES
WORD FAMILIES
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
В
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
12 PEOPLE I K N O W
2
4
6
8
extinct
illegal
wild
aggressive
s set free
6 poisonous
d
с
e
f
A
l
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
affection
demonstrate
determination
generosity
indulge
intensity
backpackers
powerful
egotistical
COLLOCATIONS
A
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
с
a
d
e
b
activity
character
common
touch
ego
С
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
competitive
bright
naughty
easy-going
intense
sociable
stubborn
paranoid
D
1
2
3
4
5
6
grown out of
falling out with
got into
came across
drifted apart
track down
E
1
2
3
4
halfstepgreatmixed-
16 NEWS AND
13 TRAVEL
14 TECHNOLOGY
1 5 INJURIES A N D
PREPOSITIONS
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
EVENTS
in
on
on
into
onto
over
on
ILLNESS
PREPOSITIONS
PREPOSITIONS
A
1
2
3
4
5
В
1
2
3
4
5
6
over
of
as
to
for
on
A
l in
2 of
3 for
4 by
5 across
6 on
7 to
8 for
9 of
10 in
A
1
2
3
4
5
В
1
2
3
4
5
into
on
at
into
through
at
to
to
on
about
WORD FAMILIES
A
1
2
3
4
5
в
i
2
43
5
bump
check-in
landing
smoothly
terrified
emigration
immigrants
interrogate
restrict
reservation
WORD FAMILIES
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
connect
revive
technology
automatic
efficiency
subsidies
в
WORD BUILDING
WORD-BUILDINC
A
1
2
3
4
5
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
careless
speechless
sleepless
painless
useless
COLLOCATIONS
A
1
2
3
4
5
с
d
f
e
a
b
COLLOCATIONS
overtake
travel
stamp
pack
reserve
set
carriage
crossing
3 traffic lights
visa
5 soaked
6 light
PHRASAL VERBS
A
1 down
2 in
up
off
off
for
A
1
2
3
4
S
6
В
1
2
3
4
S
6
С
1
2
3
4
S
6
7
8
9
delete
display
reveal
allows
plant
switch
с
d
e
a
f
b
external
good
short-lived
saturated
cool
overnight
straightforward
bitter
friendly
on
of
in
in
on
WORD FAMILIES
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
conscious
dizziness
infectious
swelling
incurable
irritability
viral
bruised
WORD FAMILIES
COLLOCATIONS
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
В
1
2
3
4
5
6
С
1
3
5
D
1
2
3
4
sprain
survive
crack
cure
swallow
bite
influence
liberate
radioactive
vaccinated
courageous
COLLOCATIONS
sneezes
cough
vomit
sting
faint
attack
b
e
a
A
1
2
3
4
5
E
1
2
3
4
5
6
condition
malaria
stimulant
suntan
virus
sunburn
F
1
2
3
4
adverse
genetic
addictive
itchy
PHRASAL VERB
over
off
down
up
sign
unify
stabbed
befriended
repay
2 f
4 с
6 d
diarrhoea
painkillers
rash
acne
arthritis
s
6 childhood
7 cholesterol
A
1
2
3
4
A
1 attack
midfield
ridiculously
athletic
compose
dictatorship
f
a
d
b
h
8 g
talent show
courage
hit
scheme
rights
D
1
2
3
4
5
6
elderly
back together
redundant
radical
physical
military
PHRASAL VERBS
A
1 down
2 away
VOCABULARY BUILDER 69
INFINITIVE
PAST S I M P L E
PAST PARTICIPLE
be
become
begin
was/were
became
began /bi'gaen/
bet
bit
been
become
begun /Ы'длп/
bet
bitten /'biten/
blown /Ыэип/
broken
brought
bet
bite /bait/
blow /Ыэи/
break
bring
blew /blu:/
broke
build /bi Id/
buy /bar./
built/bi It/
bought /bD:t/
can
could /kud/
caught/k:>:t/
catch
choose
come
cost
cut
do
draw / d n : /
dream
drink
drive
brought / b n : t /
built
bought
been able
caught
chosen
chose /tfauz/
came
cost
cut
come
cost
cut
did
drew /dru:/
done
drawn / d n : n /
dreamed/dreamt
drank /drasrjk/
drove
dreamed /dreamt
drunk /drAt]k/
driven
eat
ate / e i t /
eaten /'i:tan/
fall /Ь:1/
feed
fell /fel/
fed
feel /fill/
felt /felt/
fallen /'Ь:1эп/
fed
felt
fight / f a i t /
find
fought /fD:t/
fought
found /faund/
found
fly/ftai/
forget
flew /flu:/
forgot
forgotten
get
got
give
gave
went
go
grow /дгэи/
flown /flaun/
got [US: gotten]
given
grew /дш:/
been/gone
grown /дгэип/
hang /haerj/
have
hung /гмг)/
hung
had
had
hear/hiэ/
hide
heard /h3:d/
hid
heard /h3:d/
hidden /'hidan/
hit
hold
hurt /пул/
hit
held
hurt
hit
held
hurt
keep
kept
kneel /ni: 1 /
know/паи/
knelt /nelt/
kept
knelt
knew /nju:/
known /пэип/
laid /leid/
laid
led
lay /lei/
lead /li:d/
learn
leave
lend
70 OUTCOMES
led /led/
learned/learnt
left
lent
learned/learnt
left
lent
NFINITIVE
se /lu:z/
read /ri:d/
ride
rid.
r,n
ring
:
run /глп/
say /sei/
see
sell
send
set
shake /Jei к/
shine //ai n/
shoot
show
shut
sing
sink
sit
sleep
slide
speak
spell
spend
split
spoil
spread /spred/
stand
steal /sti:I/
stick
PAST S I M P L E
PAST PARTICIPLE
let
lay
lost
let
lain
lost
made
met
had to
made
met
had to
paid / p e i d /
put
paid
put
read / red/
rode
read / red/
ridden
rang /гэег)/
ran /гэеп/
rung/глг)/
run
said /sed/
saw /so:/
sold
sent
set
said
seen
sold
sent
set
shaken /'Jeikan/
shone//Dn/
shot
shown
shut
SUng/SAQ/
sunk Ллг)к/
sat
slept
slid
spoken
spelt
spent
split
shook/Juk/
shone//Dn/
shot
showed
shut
sang /saen./
sank /saerjk/
sat
slept
slid
spoke
spelled/spelt
spent
split
spoiled/spoilt
spread
stood
stole
stood
stolen
stuck /suk/
stuck
spoiled/spoilt
spread
strike /straik/
swim
struck /strAk/
struck
swam /swaem/
swum /swAm/
take / t e i k /
teach
took/tuk/
taught /D:t/
taken /'teiksn/
taught
tear /tea/
tell
think
tore /tD:/
told
thought /во-Л/
torn / О т /
told
thought
throw /8гэи/
threw /9ru:/
thrown /бгэип/
understand
understood
understood
wake
woke /wauk/
woken /'waukan/
wear /wea/
Win
Write
wore /WD:/
won /WAn/
wrote
worn /w3:n/
won
written /'ritan/
VOCABULARY BUILDER 71