DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
AND MANAGEMENT
MODULE 1
by Benjamin Pelayo Jr.
NSTP Facilitator
Katipunang Luntian
DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT
CONCEPTS
WHAT IS DISASTER?
 Disasters are emergencies that cannot be handled by those affected
without outside assistance.
 A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society
involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses
and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or
society to cope using its own resources (UNISDR, 2009)
 They may be caused by natural or man-made events wherein communities
experience severe danger and incur loss of lives and properties causing
disruption of their social structure and to all or some of the affected
communities’ essential functions.
WHAT IS HAZARD?
 HAZARD is an event or occurrence that has the potential to cause
harm to life and damage property and the environment.
WHAT IS VULNERABILITY?
 VULNERABILITY comprises conditions determined by physical,
social, economic, and environmental factors or processes, which
increase the susceptibility of a community, school, or certain area in a
locality to the impact of hazards.
WHAT IS RISK?
 RISK
is the probability of harmful
consequences, or expected loss of lives,
people injured, livelihoods, disruption of
economic activities and damages to the
environment as a result of interactions
between natural or human induced
hazards
and
vulnerable
/
capable
conditions.
WHAT ARE CAPACITIES?
 CAPACITIES are those positive resources and abilities
which are helpful to individuals, families and community
in Mitigating, preparing for, responding to and
recovering from the hazard impact.
Hazard x Vulnerability
Risk
= ------------------------------------Capacities
Last year, the World Risk Index 2022 put the Philippines at the number one spot for the
most-disaster-prone country in the world.
The WRI report gave the country an index score of 46.86, the highest among the top ten
most-disaster-prone countries worldwide because of high risk, exposure, and vulnerability
(Dela Pena, 2023).
The top ten most disasters prone countries are the following, in second place is India with
an index score of 42.31, followed by Indonesia with 42.31, Colombia with 38.37, Mexico
with 37.55, Myanmar with 35.49, Mozambique with 34.37, China with 28.70, Bangladesh
with 27.90, and Pakistan with 26.75.
NATURAL HAZARDS
Hydro-Meteorological
Phenomena and Hazard
 Cyclone/Typhoon/Tornado
 Thunderstorm
 Flood
 Storm Surge
 Landslide
 Global warming
 Extreme Climatic
Vulnerabilities
 Heat Waves
Geological Phenomena and
Hazards
 Earthquakes
 Tsunami
 Volcanic Eruption
 Astronomical Hazards
HUMAN-INDUCED HAZARDS
 Technological Hazards
 Structure collapse
 Socio-Economic, political,
Security Hazards
 Fire
 Bomb threats
 Vehicular related accident
 Kidnapping threats
 Chemical spill
 Hostage taking
 Electrical blackout
 Civil disorder
 Food poisoning
 Environmental Hazards
 Red tide
 Water pollution
WHAT CAN WE DO WITH THE POSSIBLE
RISK?
 There is a need to understand and to
put into life the concepts, principles,
and practical application of disaster risk
reduction and management.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF DRRM
 The
Conceptual Framework of elements of
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
(DRRM) considered with the possibilities to
minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks
throughout a society, to avoid through
PREVENTION or to limit through MITIGATION
and PREPAREDNESS the adverse impacts of
hazards, within the broader context of sustainable
development.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF DRRM
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF DRRM
WHAT IS PREVENTION?
 These are activities to provide outright avoidance of the adverse
impact of hazards and means to minimize related environmental,
technological and biological disasters.
WHAT IS MITIGATION?
 These are both Structural and non-structural measures undertaken to
limit the adverse impact of natural
degradation and technological hazards.
hazards, environmental
WHAT IS PREPAREDNESS?
 These are activities and measures taken in advance to ensure
effective response to the impact of hazards, including the issuance of
timely and effective early warnings and the temporary evacuation of
people and property from threatened locations.
WHAT IS MITIGATION?
WHAT IS PREPAREDNESS?
WHAT IS PREPAREDNESS?
WHAT IS PREPAREDNESS?
WHAT IS PREPAREDNESS?
WHAT IS R.A. 10121?
WHAT IS R.A. 10121?
 R.A. 10121 is an act strengthening the Philippine
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
system, providing for the national disaster risk
reduction risk and reduction framework and
institutionalizing the national disaster risk
reduction and management plan, appropriating
funds therefore and for other purposes.

This act shall be known as the “Philippine
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of
2010
WHY THERE IS A NEED FOR
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT
The Systematic Process of using administrative decisions,
organizations, operational skills and capacities to implement
policies, strategies and coping capacities of the society and
communities to lessen the impacts of natural hazards and
related environmental and technological disasters; includes
structural and non-structural measures is the primary reason
why there is a need for disaster risk reduction and
management system.
ELEMENTS OF DISASTER RISK
MANAGEMENT
Risk Reduction
 Risk can be reduced and measures can be employed to ensure that hazards
will not result in disasters if people reduce the weaknesses and vulnerabilities
to existing hazards in the location.
 The concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts
to analyze and manage the causal factors of disasters, including through
reduced exposure to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property,
wise management of land and the environment, and improved preparedness
for adverse events.
Risk Management
 It is needed for disaster prevention to ensure sustainable development so that
people can lead a good, healthy, and happy life without creating damage to the
environment.
 The systematic process of using administrative directives, organizations, and
operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, policies and improved
coping capacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the
possibility of disaster.
THANK YOU
AND KEEP SAFE!!!
DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT
CONCEPTS
MODULE 1
by Benjamin Pelayo Jr.
NSTP Facilitator
Katipunang Luntian