Design and Simulation of a 50 Ohm Microstrip
transmission line for 2.4 GHz frequency
line 1: Muhammad Furqan Zahid
line 2: University of Central Punjab
line 3: Electrical Engineering
Department
line 4: Lahore, Pakistan
line 5: L1F20BSEE0047@ucp.edu.pk
Abstract—In this paper, the Rectangular Microstrip is
designed and their performance parameters such as
return loss, gain, and radiation pattern have been
calculated and compared. Design frequency is 2.4 GHz,
the substrate material is FR-4 Epoxy having dielectric
constant ε=4.4 and thickness is 1.575 mm. The
characteristic impedence of Microstrip is 50 Ω.The
magnitude and propagation of the E, H and EM field has
been plotted.

Low bandwidth
These drawbacks can be negated by various methods. To
increase the bandwidth the thickness of the substrate should
be increased and by lowering the dielectric constant. The gain
can be improved by changing the shape of the patch, a
rectangular patch is used because this configuration reduces
patch area by around 65-70% and also enhances the gain. [2]
Keywords—Rectangular Patch, FR-4 Epoxy Substrate,
Thickness of Substrate, Impedence, Design Frequency,
Propagation of EM Field.
Microstrip lines are commonly used in a variety of RF and
microwave applications, including filters, power dividers, and
antennas. They are also used in mobile communication
systems, satellite communication, and microwave integrated
circuits. It also provides an ease in fabrication in mass.
I. INTRODUCTION
II. MICROSTRIP LINE DESIGN
Propagation of a wave is of two types. Guided and
Unguided. In unguided the wave is spread through out the
space, and the information can be picked up by anyone.
Whereas, in guided the wave is propagated from the source to
the load via guided structures. These guided structures have
properties that preserve the power and lower the distortion of
the signal. Typical guided structures are Transmission lines
and Waveguides. The microstrip line is an example of a
transmission line.
In the designing of a microstrip line the length, width, and
height of the substrate, strip and ground plane are important
factors that should be carefully considered. Other than
dimensions the dielectric constant of the substrate, the
operational frequency, electric length, and the characteristic
impedence Zo also effect the transmission, propagation, and
gain of the electric signal passing through
The model was made on ANSYS HFSS and the following
values were used for the dimensions of the model: -
A microstrip line is a type of transmission line used in
radio frequency (RF) and microwave engineering. Microstrip
lines are a popular choice for radio frequency (RF) and
microwave circuit design because of their low cost, ease of
fabrication, and compatibility with printed circuit board
technology.
PRINTED transmission lines are widely used, and for
good reason. They are broadband in frequency. They provide
circuits that are compact and light in weight. They are
generally economical to produce since they are readily
adaptable to hybrid and monolithic integrated-circuit (IC)
fabrication technologies at RF and microwave frequencies. [1]
A microstrip line consists of three components. A
dielectric substrate, a conductive strip made of metal and a
ground plane which is also made of metal. The conductive
strip, is suspended above a ground plane by a dielectric
material. Since it is an open structure, microstrip line has a
major fabrication advantage over stripline. It also features ease
of interconnections and adjustments. Some advantages of the
microstrip line are: 
Light weight

Low profile

Low dielectric losses.
Some of the drawbacks of microstrip line are that it has

Low gain
Figure 1
The length of the substrate is set at 136.99mm. The width
of the substrate is 10mm, and the substrate thickness is 1.575
mm which is the standard value for FR4-epoxy dielectric
material. The width of the strip is 3mm.
 The material for substrate is FR4-Epoxy which has
dielectric constant of 4.4.
 The material used for strip and ground plane is copper
metal.
These values have were inputed in an online microstrip
line calculator [3]. The following model was made as a result
In ANSYS HFSS the boundary is required for proper
simulation of the projects. This is achieved by setting the
Auto-region setting ON and setting it on RADIATION. This
will provide us with the required boundary.
III. SIMULATION RESULTS
The following results and graphs are obtained by the
analysis of the model using ANSYS HFSS: A. Magnitude of the E and H Field: -
Figure 2
Figure 5: Magnitude of E field
Figure 5 shows the magnitude of the E field. The E field is
measured in Volts/meter (V/m). The middle section in RED
indicates the maximum value of the E field. And the BLUE
indicates the lowest value of E field. Another indication from
this is temperature. The RED area will decipate more heat as
compared to the BLUE area.
The Figure 6 indicates the propagation of the E-Field
Figure 3: Top View
The Lumped port is used for the excitation of the E and H
fields. The integration was set in the direction of z-axis , this
indicates the direction of E field. The characteristic Impedence
was set to 50 ohms.
Figure 6: Vector plot of E Field
Figure 4: Integration Line
The operational frequency of the microstrip is 2.4GHz
which is the input for solution frequency in the Analysis setup.
The number of passes set to 12.
The frequency sweep of the analysis is set from starting
0.1GHz to ending 5Ghz. Using the discrete analysis will allow
for the observation of solution at any sweep points and an
overall solution for all the frequency sweep points.
Figure 7: Magnitude of H Field
B. Propagation of EH field: The propagation of the EH field is perpendicular to the E
and H fields. This is shown in the Figure 11: -
Figure 8: Vector Plot of H Field
Figures 7 and 8 indicates the magnitude, maximum and
minimum values and the propagation of the H field
respectively.
Figure 11: Vector plot of EH field
IV.
CONCLUSION
To conclude, the microstrip line was modelled on and
simulated on ANSYS HFSS. The values for the width and
length of the substrate were obtained using Online Microstrip
line Calculator.
The magnitude and vector plots of the E and H fields
indicated the, maximum-minimum values and propagation of
the E and H fields.
The EH field propagation as shown in Figure 11 is
perpendicular to the field directions of E and H fields. The plot
of the S parameters, transmission S12 , S21 and reflection S11
,S22 is shown in the given figure 12: -
Figure 9: Substrate suface J
Figure 12: S Parameter Plot
V. REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
Figure 10: Strip surface J
Maloratsky, Leo G., and M. Lines. "Reviewing the basics of
microstrip." Microwaves RF 39.March (2000): 79-88.J. Clerk
Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed., vol. 2.
Oxford: Clarendon, 1892, pp.68–73.
Ayush Arora et al 2021 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1921 012023, “Design of
microstrip patch antenna at 2.4 GHz for Wi-Fi and Bluetooth
applications,”
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