API 571 exam questions
Prepared by: DSc Dževad Hadžihafizović (DEng)
Sarajevo 2023
API 571
1.
A 5Cr-1Mo piping system in the hydrogen unit shows
significant internal wall loss after 2 years in service due to
CO² corrosion. Which material would be best suited to use
to install a new pipe system?
A. Titanium
B. 9Cr-1Mo
C. A-106 Gr B
D. 316 SS: D
2.
4.
9.
The accepted way to test for temper embrittlement is
__________.
A. Impact testing
B. Metallographic
C. RT
D. UT shear wave: A
10.
_________ acid is most often used as a catalyst in
polymerization units.
A. Polythionic
B. Naphthenic
C. Phosphoric
D. Sulfuric: C
11.
All _______ based materials and low alloy materials, 300 Series
SS and 400 Series SS are susceptible Sulfidation.
300 Series SS can be used for sour water service at
temperatures below _________, where Chloride SCC is not
likely.
A. 120°F
B. 140°F
C. 150°F
D. 175°F: B
6.
300 Series stainless steel heater tubes in an oil-burning
furnace in the hydrocracker began to leak and the furnace
was brought down. What was the probable cause of the
cracking?
A. Chloride stress corrosion
B. Polythionic acid stress corrosion
C. Amine stress corrosion
D. Stress oriented hydrogen induced cracking.: B
300 Series SS, 400 Series SS and duplex SS are subject to
pitting and localized corrosion under insulation. In addition,
__________ are also subject to SCC if chlorides are present,
while _________ are less susceptible.
A. Duplex SS, Low alloys
B. 300 Series SS, Duplex SS
C. Duplex SS, 300 Series SS
D. None of the above: B
5.
8.
300 Series SS, 5Cr, 9Cr, and 12Cr alloys are not susceptible
to __________ at conditions normally seen on refineries.
A. Cl SCC
B. SOHIC
C. HTHA
D. HTLA: C
300 Series SS is susceptible to LME when it comes in contact
with Molten _________.
A. Cadmium
B. Mercury
C. Zinc
D. Lead: C
A 6", A106 Gr B, flanged line carrying caustic wash water at
200°F has signs of atmospheric corrosion. Which of the
following may help accelerate the corrosion?
A. Sulfides
B. Fly ash
C. Caustic
D. None of the above: B
3.
7.
A. Carbon
B. Steel
C. Chromium
D. Iron: D
12.
Alloy 400 susceptible to LME when it comes on contact with
molten __________.
A. Cadmium
B. Mercury
C. Zinc
D. Lead: B
300 Series SS can suffer pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion
and ________ in fresh, blackish and salt water.
A. General corrosion
B. Oxidation
C. SCC
D. None of the above: C
13.
Alloys with increased amounts of ______ show improve
resistance to naphthenic acid corrosion.
A. Chromium
B. Molybdenum
C. Nickel
D. Carbon: B
1 / 37
14.
Alloys with Nickle content above ________ are highly resistant
to CI and SCC. The greatest susceptibility is 8% to 12%
nickel.
20.
A. 15%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 35%: D
15.
All piping and equipment exposed to HF acid at any
concentration with hardness levels above ________ are
subject to hydrogen stress cracking.
A. Carbon steel
B. Duplex SS
C. 300 Series SS
D. 400 Series SS: A
21.
A. 200 BHN
B. 210 BHN
C. 227 BHN
D. 237 BHN: D
16.
Amine corrosion refers to the general and/or localized that
occurs principally on ______ in amine treating process.
Corrosion is not caused by the amine itself, but results from
dissolved acid gases (CO² and H²S), amine degradation
products, heat stable amine salts and other contaminants.
Amine cracking has been reported down to ambient
temperatures with some amines. ______________ temperatures
and stress levels__________ the likelihood and severity of
cracking.
A. Increasing, increases
B. Increasing, decreases
C. Decreasing, increases
D. Increasing, reduces: A
All piping and equipment exposed to HF acid at any
concentration with hardness levels above the
recommended limit (237 BHN) are subject to __________.
22.
Amine cracking is a form of ________ stress corrosion cracking.
A. Hydrogen stress cracking
B. Sulfide stress cracking
C. Chloride stress cracking
D. None of the above: A
17.
Although cracks may be seen visually, crack detection for
caustic stress corrosion cracking is best detected by WFMT,
EC, RT and ________.
A. Hydrogen
B. Caustic
C. Polythionic
D. Alkaline: D
23.
Amine cracking is ________ likely to occur in lean MEA and
DEA services than in MDEA and DIPA services.
A. PT
B. MT
C. ACFM
D. All of the above: C
18.
Although the loss of toughness from temper embrittlement
is not evident at operating temperatures, equipment that is
temper embrittled may be susceptible to __________ during
start-up and shutdown.
A. More
B. Less
C. As
D. None of the above: A
24.
Amine stress corrosion cracking is a term applied to the
cracking of steels under the combined actions of _________
and __________ in aqueous alkanolamine systems used to
remove/absorb H²S and/or CO² and their mixtures from
various gas and liquid hydrocarbon streams.
A. Thermal fatigue
B. Cyclic Stress
C. Notch toughness
D. Brittle fracture: D
19.
Amine corrosion depends on the design, operating
practices, the type of amine, amine concentration,
temperature and ________.
A. Pressure
B. Velocity
C. Stress
D. None of the above: B
A. Temperature, pressure
B. Pressure, stress
C. Temperature, corrosion
D. Tensile stress, corrosion: D
25.
Amine stress corrosion cracking is most often associated
with lean amine services. The pure alkanolamine does not
cause cracking. Cracking in rich amine services are most
often associated with _________ problems.
A. H²S
B. Stress
C. Wet H²S
D. Temperature: C
2 / 37
26.
Amine units are used in refineries to remove H²S, CO² and
________ from process streams originating in many units
including the coker, crude, FCC and hydrogen.
32.
Annealed steels are more resistant to Spheroidization than
normalized steel. _________ grained steels are more resistant
that ________ grained steels.
A. NA²
B. CI²
C. Mercaptans
D. None of the above: C
27.
Ammonium chloride corrosion is the general or localized
corrosion, often pitting, normally occurring under
ammonium chloride or amine salt deposits. All commonly
used materials are susceptible to ammonium chloride
corrosion. A small amount of _________ can lead to very
aggressive corrosion.
A. Ammonium chloride
B. Amine
C. Water
D. Salt: C
28.
A. 1100°F
B. 1150°F
C. 1200°F
D. 1250°F: B
34.
Areas of vulnerability in sulfuric acid Alkylation units
include reactor effluent lines, reboilers, deisobutanizer,
overhead systems and the _______ treating system.
A. Caustic
B. Sulfuric acid
C. Catalyst
D. H²S: A
35.
___________ are characterized by a localized loss on thickness
in the form of pits, grooves, gullies, waves, rounded holes
valleys. These losses often exhibit directional pattern.
A. Erosion
B. Corrosion/Erosion
C. Environmental corrosion
D. Both A and B: D
36.
The amplitude and frequency of vibration as well as the ___
of the components are critical factors in vibration-induced
fatigue.
A. Velocity
B. Temperature
C. Fatigue resistance
D. Material properties: C
31.
Application of post-fabrication stress relieving heat
treatment of about ___________ is a proven method of
preventing carbonate cracking.
Ammonium chloride salts may be whitish, greenish or _______.
A. Reddish
B. Brownish
C. Yellowish
D. Bluish: B
30.
33.
Ammonium chloride salts are hydroscopic and readily
absorb water. A _________ amount of water can lead to very
aggressive ammonium chloride corrosion.
A. Large
B. Small
C. Proper
D. Improper: B
29.
A. Fine, Course
B. Course, Fine
C. PWHT, Non-PWHT
D. Non-PWHT, PWHT: B
_________ are the most common type of equipment
susceptible to carburization in the refining industry.
A. Reactors
B. Heat exchanges
C. Heater tubes
D. Fin Fans: C
37.
ASME Section VIII had few limitations concerning brittle
fracture prior to:
_________ and _________ damage develop without applied or
residual stress so that PWHT will not prevent them from
occurring.
A. SOHIC, Blistering
B. SCC, SOHIC
C. HIC, SCC
D. Blistering, HIC: D
A. 1955
B. 1962
C. 1973
D. 1987: D
38.
At a given pressure, the H²S concentration in the sour water
_______ as temperature _________.
A. Increases, increases
B. Decreases, decreases
C. Increases, decreases
D. Decreases, increases: D
3 / 37
39.
At elevated temperatures, dissimilar weld metal cracking is
aggravated by the diffusion of carbon out of weld metal
and into the base metal. The temperature at which carbon
diffusion becomes a concern is above ___________.
A. 700°F
B. 750°F
C. 800°F
D. 900°F: C
40.
42.
A. Have an aggressive inspection program
B. Reduce airborne particles
C. Install and maintain appropriate coatings
D. Shoot all birds that cross the plant fence
E. Build new petrochemical facilities in a dry desert.: C
48.
Blistering, HIC and SOHIC have been found to occur
between ambient and ________.
A. 250°F
B. 300°F
C. 350°F
D. 400°F: B
49.
Blistering, HIC, SOHIC, SSC damage can occur wherever
there is a __________ environment.
A. Wet H²S
B. Hydrogen
C. Sulfur
D. Aqueous: A
50.
A brittle fracture:
A. is caused by stress cycles
B. Is always the result of thermal stresses
C. Grow very rapidly with minimum deformation prior to
failure
D. Grows slowly and is dependent on time and stress.: C
Atmospheric corrosion:
A. Can cause either uniform or localized wall loss
B. Always causes localized wall loss
C. Always causes uniform wall loss
D. Is best detected using profile RT: A
44.
The best way to prevent failures by atmospheric corrosion is
to:
At high temperatures, metal components can slowly
continuously deform under load below the yield strength.
This time dependent deformation of stressed components
is known as ___________.
A. Creep
B. Ductility
C. Softening
D. Hardening: A
43.
47.
At high temperatures, metal components can slowly and
continuously deform under load below the yield stress. This
time dependent deformation of stress components is
known as _________
A. Deformation
B. Fatigue
C. Creep
D. Thermal Fatigue: C
The Best way to prevent 885°F embrittlement is to use low
____ alloys, or to avoid exposing the susceptible material to
the embrittlement range.
A. Austenite
B. Martensite
C. Ferrite
D. Chromium: C
At elevated temperatures, the carbide phases in certain
carbon steels are unstable and may decompose into
___________. This decomposition is known as graphitization.
A. Silicon
B. Graphite nodules
C. Carbon dust
D. Graphite dust: B
41.
46.
51.
Brittle fracture can occur during ambient temperature during
a hydro-test due to:
a. unusual loading and high toughness at the testing
temperature.
b. high impact stresses and plasticity at the testing
temperature.
c. high stresses and low toughness at the testing
temperature.
d. high strength material and temperatures below 100
degrees F.: C
Atmospheric corrosion is of greatest concern in:
A. Dry climates in rural locations
B. Dry climates in industrial locations
C. Wet climates in rural locations
D. Wet climates in industrial locations.: D
45.
The best method to inspect for SCC is _________.
52.
Cadmium and lead will cause LME on ___________.
A. WFMT
B. UT Shear Wave
C. AET
D. All of the above: A
A. Copper alloys
B. 300 Series SS
C. Aluminum alloys
D. High strength steel: D
4 / 37
53.
Carbonate cracking typically propagates ________ to the weld;
the pattern of cracking observed on the surface is
sometimes described as _______.
60.
Carbon steel and low alloy steels are subject to excessive
hydrochloric acid corrosion when exposed to any
concentration of HCI acid that produces pH below _____.
A. Transverse, Eyebrow
B. Parallel, Spider web
C. Diagonal, Half moon
D. Perpendicular, Stair step: B
54.
Carbonate SCC can occur at relatively low levels of _________
but usually occurs at welds that have not been stressed
relieved.
A. 6.0
B. 5.5
C. 5.0
D. 4.5: D
61.
A. Residual stress
B. Applied stress
C. Acid concentration
D. Non of the above: A
55.
Carbonate SCC may easily be mistaken for SCC or SOHIC;
however, the carbonate cracks are usually ________ the toe of
the weld and have multiple parallel cracks.
A carbon steel bundle from the overhead condenser in the
crude unit operates at 300°F and is in hydrochloric acid
service. It showed severe pitting type corrosion when
pulled for inspection. What type of material would be best
suited for this service?
A. 5Cr-0.5Mo
B. 316 SS
C. 9Cr-1Mo
D. Titanium: D
62.
Carbon steel is susceptible to SCC when used in _________
service.
A. Further from
B. Closer to
C. Diagonal to
D. Perpendicular to: A
56.
Carbonate stress corrosion cracking is the term applied to
surface breaking or cracks that occur adjacent to carbon
steel welds under the combined action of __________ and
_______ in carbonate containing systems.
A. Temperature, stress
B. Tensile stress, corrosion
C. Corrosion, velocity
D. Tensile stress, velocity: B
57.
A. Hydrogen
B. Ammonia
C. High temperature
D. High pressure: B
63.
Carburization can be confirmed by a substantial increase
hardness and a ________ in ductility.
A. Loss
B. Gain
C. Change
D. None of the above: A
64.
Carbonate stress corrosion cracking usually occurs at welds
or cold worked areas that ___________.
Carburization can be confirmed by substantial increases in
_______ and loss of _________.
A. Hardness
B. Tensile strength
C. Ductility
D. A and B
E. A and C: E
A. Have been stresses relieved
B. Have not been stresses relieved
C. Have high residual stress
D. Have high applied stress: C
58.
Carbon dioxide (CO²) corrosion results when CO² dissolves
in water to form _________.
65.
___________ caustic concentrations and ________ temperature
increase the likelihood and severity f cracking with caustic
embrittlement.
A. Carbon monoxide
B. Carbonic acid
C. Hydrofluoric acid
D. None of the above: B
59.
Carbon dioxide corrosion results when CO² dissolves in
water to form _______ acid.
A. Increasing, Decreasing
B. Decreasing, Increasing
C. Decreasing, Decreasing
D. Increasing, Increasing: D
66.
Caustic embrittlement cracking can be effectively
prevented by means of PWHT at a temperature of _______.
A. Sulfuric
B. Hydrochloric
C. Carbonic
D. None of the above: C
A. 1100°F
B. 1150°F
C. 1200°F
D. 1250°F: B
5 / 37
67.
68.
Caustic embrittlement is a form of ___________characterized by
surface-initiated cracks that occur in piping and equipment
exposed to caustic, primarily adjacent non-PWHT'd welds.
a. galvanic cracking
b. stress corrosion cracking
c. Chloride cracking
d. fatigue cracking: B
73.
Caustic embrittlement is a form of stress corrosion cracking
characterized by surface-initiated cracks that occur in
piping and equipment exposed to caustic, primarily adjacent
to non-PWHT welds. Which of the following materials is the
most resistant to embrittlement?
74.
A. Carbon steel
B. Nickle based alloys
C. Low alloy steels
D. 400 Series SS: B
69.
70.
Characteristics stress corrosion cracks have many branches
and may be visually detectable by a _____________ appearance
on the surface.
A. Tree shaped
B. Craze-cracked
C. Multiple crack
D. None of the above: B
75.
The CI SCC surface cracks appear under the action of
________, temperature and an aqueous chloride environment.
a. stagnant conditions
b. high velocity products
c. compressive stress.
d. tensile stress: D
76.
Cl SCC usually occurs at metal temperatures above _________.
A. 125°F
B. 175°F
C. 140°F
D. 200°F: C
Caustic stress corrosion cracking typically propagates
________ to the weld in adjacent base metal but can occur in
the weld deposit or heat affected zone.
A. Transverse
B. Perpendicular
C. Parallel
D. Across: C
71.
A. Will
B. May
C. Will Not
D. May Not: D
Caustic is sometimes added to process streams for _________
or as a reactant.
A. Stability
B. Corrosion control
C. Neutralization
D. Inhibiting: C
Changing to a more corrosion resistant and/or higher
hardness material _______ improve cavitation resistance.
Cavitation is a form of erosion by the formation and
instantaneous collapse of innumerable tiny vapor bubbles.
Temperature approaching the boiling point of the liquid are
_________ to result on bubble formation.
77.
Components that have been carburized may have a change
in the level of _____________.
A. Carbon
B. Chromium
C. Ferromagnetism
D. Stress: C
78.
Conditions favoring carburization include a high gas phase
carbon activity and ________ oxygen potential.
A. Less likely
B. More likely
C. Not likely
D. None of the above: B
72.
Cavitation is best prevented by avoiding conditions that
allow the absolute pressure to fall below the _____ of the
liquid or by changing the material properties.
A. Minimum pressure
B. Pressure/Vapor ratio
C. Maximum pressure
D. Vapor pressure: D
A. Low
B. High
C. Negative
D. Positive: A
79.
A condition where steel loses strength due to the removal
of carbon and carbides leaving only an iron matrix is called
decarburization. This occurs during high temperatures,
during PWHT and from exposure to fires. Which of the
following materials is not affected by this?
A. Low alloy steel
B. Duplex SS
C. Carbon Steel
D. None of the above: B
6 / 37
80.
Contrary to a pure mechanical fatigue, there is no ________
load in corrosion-assistant fatigue. Corrosion promotes
failure at a lower stress and number of cycles that the
materials normal endurance.
A. Tensile
B. Stress
C. Ductile
D. Fatigue limit: D
81.
87.
A. HIC
B. Delayed cracking
C. SOHIC
D. Both A and C: D
88.
Convert these temperature ---- 156°C, 450°F.
A. 304°F, 151°C
B. 284°F, 218°C
C. 312°F, 232°C
D. 296°F, 246°C: C
82.
Corrosion by HF (Hyrdofluoric) acid can result in high rates
of general or localized corrosion and may be accompanied
by hydrogen cracking, blistering and ________.
Corrosion due to acidic sour water containing H²S at a pH
between 4.5 and 7.0 is called sour water corrosion. Carbon
dioxide (CO²) may also be present. Which of the following
materials is susceptible to sour water corrosion?
A. Carbon Steel
B. 300 Series SS
C. 400 Series SS
D. Both B and C: A
Cooling water corrosion and _________ are closely related and
should be considered together.
89.
Corrosion from oxygen in boiler feed water usually creates:
A. Stress
B. Velocity
C. Fouling
D. Erosion: C
83.
Cooling water corrosion can result in many different forms
of damage including general corrosion, pitting corrosion,
_________, stress corrosion cracking and fouling.
A. Uniform corrosion
B. Isolated pitting
C. Intergranular cracking
D. Transgranular cracking
E. Hard and brittle zones: B
90.
A. MIC
B. HIC
C. SOHIC
D. All of the above: A
84.
Cooling water corrosion is a concern with water-cooled
_________ and cooling towers in all applications across all
industries.
A. General
B. Localized
C. Pitting
D. Cracking: C
91.
A. Pumps
B. Vessels
C. Piping
D. Exchangers: D
85.
___________ cooling water outlet temperatures and/or process
side outlet temperatures tend to ___________ corrosion rates
as well as fouling tendency.
A. Increasing, decrease
B. Decreasing, decrease
C. Decreasing, increase
D. Increasing, increase: D
86.
Corrosion from oxygen tends to be _________ type damage
and can show up anywhere even if only very small amounts
break through the scavenging system.
Corrosion in boiler feedwater and condensate return
systems is usually the result of dissolved gases, oxygen and
_________.
A. Carbon monoxide
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Material properties
D. H²S: B
92.
Corrosion in boiler feedwater and condensate return
systems is usually the result of dissolved gases oxygen and
________.
A. Carbon monoxide
B. H²O
C. Temperature
D. Carbon Dioxide: D
Copper base alloys form sulfide at ________ than carbon steel.
a. faster rates
b. lower temperatures
c. slower rates
d. higher temperatures: B
7 / 37
93.
Corrosion of carbon steel and other alloys from their
reaction with sulfur compounds in high temperature
environments is called _________. The presence of hydrogen
accelerates corrosion.
A. Sulfide corrosion
B. High temperature corrosion
C. H²S corrosion
D. Sulfidation: D
94.
95.
Cracking can occur at low caustic levels if a concentrating
mechanism is present. In such cases, caustic concentrations
of ______ ppm are sufficient to cause cracking.
A. 50-100
B. 100-150
C. 150-200
D. 200-250: A
103.
_________ cracking has been a major problem in coke drum
shells.
A. Stress
B. Carburization
C. Thermal fatigue
D. Sulfide: C
104.
Cracking of a metal due to stress relaxation during PWHT
or in service at elevated temperatures is called ___________. It
is most often found in heavy wall sections.
A. Thermal cracking
B. Reheat cracking
C. Step-like cracking
D. None of the above: B
105.
Corrosion rates of the anode will be less affected if there is
a _________ anode to cathode ratio.
A. Large
B. Small
C. Severe
D. None of the above: A
99.
102.
Corrosion rates of the anode can be high if there is a _______
anode to cathode ratio.
A. Large
B. Small
C. Severe
D. None of the above: B
98.
Cracking and fissuring caused by HTHA are _________ and
occur adjacent to pearlite (iron carbide) areas in carbon
steels.
a. surface oriented
b. subsurface
c. laminations
d. intergranular: d
__________ corrosion rates are found in a gas oil desulfurizers
and hydrocrackers than naphtha desulfurizers and
hydrocrackers by a factor of almost "2".
A. Lower
B. Higher
C. Sulfidization
D. Hydrogen corrosion: B
97.
101.
Corrosion protection in the boiler is accomplished by laying
down and continuously maintaining a layer of _________.
A. Manganese
B. Magnetite
C. Carbon monoxide
D. Carbonate: B
96.
A. 175°F, 212°F
B. 212°F, 350°F
C. 250°F, 300°F
D. 25°F, 250°F: B
Corrosion of the anode may be significantly higher ________
to the connection to the cathode, depending on the
solution conductivity.
A. Parallel
B. Adjacent
C. Diagonally
D. Perpendicular: B
Corrosion under insulation is more severe between _______
and _______.
100.
Cracking of dissimilar weld metals occurs in the ______ side
of a weld between an austenitic and a Ferritic material
operating at high temperatures.
A. Austenitic
B. Ferritic
C. Anodic
D. Cathodic: B
106.
Corrosion under insulation becomes more severe at metal
temperatures between _______ and __________, where water is
likely to vaporize and insulation stays wet longer.
Cracking of dissimilar weld metals occurs in the ________ side
of a weld joining 300 Series SS and carbon steel.
A. Austenitic
B. Ferritic
C. Both of the above
D. None of the above: B
A. 100°C, 121°C
B. 92°C, 116°C
C. 114°C, 132°C
D. None of the above: A
8 / 37
107.
Cracking susceptibility increases with _______ pH and
carbonate concentration.
A. Increasing
B. Decreasing
C. Low
D. High: A
108.
A. Galvanic corrosion
B. Brittle fracture
C. Cavitation
D. Graphitization: D
116.
Damage from sigma phase appears in the form of _______.
A. Corrosion
B. Hardness
C. Cracking
D. Ductility: C
117.
Deaerator cracking problems are usually evaluated off-line
at shutdowns of boilers. What inspection method is used?
a. Radiographic inspection.
b. Wet fluorescence magnetic particle inspection.
c. Dye penetrant inspection.
d. Eddy current inspection.: B
118.
Decarburization results in a ___________, which can be
confirmed by hardness testing.
Creep and stress rupture is more likely in a _________ grained
material than a ______ grained material.
A. Course, Fine
B. Fine, Course
C. Austenetic, Martensitic
D. None of the above: A
112.
Damage due to ___________ is not visible and can only be
observed by metallographic examination.
Cracks that are typically straight, non-branching, and
devoid of any associated plastic deformation are likely
associated with which type of failure?
A. Stress corrosion cracking
B. Brittle fracture
C. Thermal fatigue
D. Temper embrittlement: B
111.
115.
Cracks connecting hydrogen blisters are referred to as
_________.
A. SOHIC
B. HIC
C. SCC
D. None of the above: B
110.
The creep threshold temperature for carbon steel is ________.
A. 315°C
B. 371°C
C. 426°C
D. 538°C: B
Cracks associated with brittle fracture will typically be
______.
A. Jagged
B. Branching
C. Straight
D. Perpendicular: C
109.
114.
Creep damage is found in high temperature equipment
operating above the ________. Fired heater tubes and
components, Catalytic reactors, FCC reactors and FCC
fractionator and regenerator internals all operate in or
near this.
A. Hardness
B. Softness
C. Brittleness
D. Oxidizing: B
119.
Depending on condition of service, sulfidation corrosion is
most often in the form of:
a. random grooving.
b. uniform thinning.
c. heavy localized pitting.
d. unsystematic pitting.: B
Dew point corrosion can occur if the metal temperature is
below the dew point. The dew point of sulfuric acid is _______.
120.
A. Transition range
B. MADT
C. Creep range
D. None of the above: C
113.
The creep threshold temperature for 1¼, 2¼, 5 and 9 Cr is
__________.
A. 600°F
B. 700°F
C. 800°F
D. 1000°F: C
A. 280°F
B. 220°F
C. 310°F
D. 190°F: A
121.
The dew point of hydrochloric acid depends on the
concentration of hydrogen chloride. It is typically about
_______.
A. 180°F
B. 160°F
C. 130°F
D. 110°F: C
9 / 37
122.
Different organisms thrive on different nutrients including
inorganic substances (Sulfur, H²S), and organic substances
(Hydrocarbons, Organic acids). In addition, all organisms
require a source of carbon, nitrogen and ____ for growth.
129.
A. 10-20% of a material's ultimate tensile strength
B. 40-50% of a material's ultimate tensile strength
C. 10-20% of a material's yield strength
D. 40-50% of a material's yield strength: B
A. Oxygen
B. Water
C. Manganese
D. Phosphorous: D
123.
124.
126.
131.
Dissimilar weld metal cracking forms at the toe of the weld
in the heat affected zone of the _______ material.
Erosion-corrosion is a description for the damage that
occurs when corrosion contributes to erosion by removing
protective films or scales, or by exposing the metal surface
to further ________ under the combined action of corrosionerosion.
A. Ferritic
B. Austenitic
C. Martensitic
D. Both B and C: A
A. Stress
B. Corrosion
C. Oxidation
D. None of the above: B
Dissimilar weld metal cracking occurs because the
coefficients of thermal expansion between ferritic steel
and 300 Series stainless steels differ by ______ or more.
132.
133.
The effects of hydrogen embrittlement __________ with
_________ temperatures.
__________ eliminates the susceptibility of most common
steels to SCC.
A. Preheat
B. High temperature
C. PWHT
D. All of the above: C
Erosion-corrosion is best controlled by using __________
and/or altering the process environment to reduce
corrosivity.
a. corrosion inhibitors
b. wear plates
c. hard-facing by weld overlays
d. more corrosion-resistant alloys: D
134.
A. Increase, increasing
B. Decrease, decreasing
C. Increase, decreasing
D. Decrease, increasing: D
128.
Equipment that is temper embrittled may be susceptible to
_________ during start-up and shutdown.
A. Creep
B. Thermal fatigue
C. Brittle fracture
D. Stress fatigue: C
A. 10%
B. 15%
C. 20%
D. 30%: D
127.
Equipment that is exposed to moving fluids and/or catalyst
are subject to erosion and erosion-corrosion.
What unit is most often damaged by gas borne catalyst
particles?
a. Desalting Unit.
b. Motor Oil Unit.
c. Crude and Vacuum Unit.
d. Fluid Catalytic Cracker.: D
Dissimilar weld metal cracking can be aggravated by
_________.
A. Stress
B. Pressure
C. Thermal cycling
D. Cyclic stresses: C
125.
130.
Dissimilar metal welds with a 300 Series stainless steel weld
metal on a ferritic steel may also result in narrow region of
_______ at the toe of the weld, near the fusion line on the
ferritic side.
A. Ductility
B. Hardness
C. Cracking
D. None of the above: B
The endurance limit is usually about:
Exposure to high solution caustic can result in general
corrosion or high corrosion rates above ___________.
A. 175°F
B. 150°F
C. 125°F
D. 100°F: B
135.
The extent and depth of decarburization is a function of
temperature and ________.
A. Pressure
B. Material properties
C. Exposure Time
D. Velocity: C
10 / 37
136.
Fatigue cracks usually initiate on the surface at notches or
___________ under cyclic loading.
143.
A. Branches
B. Laterals
C. Stress concentrations
D. Grinding marks: C
137.
A. 8-10, 30
B. 6-9, 15
C. 4-8, 10
D. 3-6, 20: D
A fatigue failure exhibits what type of "fingerprint" or
appearance?
144.
a. The failure exhibits a hash mark type of fingerprint that
radiates from the crack origin.
b. The failure exhibits a "clam shell" type of fingerprint that
has concentric rings called "beach marks" .
c. The failure exhibits a wavy type of fingerprint that is
random in nature.
d. The failure exhibits a ragged rough type of fingerprint
that emanates from the failure point.: B
138.
145.
A fatigue fracture is brittle and the cracks are most often
________.
146.
Fatigue will not occur in carbon steel if stresses are below
the:
147.
Ferritic stainless steels are usually not used in ________
applications.
148.
For a specific material, HTHA is dependent on temperature,
hydrogen partial pressure, time and _____________.
Formation of sigma phase in austenitic stainless steels can
also occur in a few hours, as evidenced
by the known tendency for sigma to form if an austenitic
stainless steel is subjected to a post weld
heat treatment at _______.
A. 1150°F
B. 1275°F
C. 1100°F
D. 1325°F: B
For 5Cr-0.5Mo, what is the threshold temperature for creep?
A. 500°F
B. 800°F
C. 600°F
D. 700°F: B
142.
Formation of a metallurgical phase known as sigma phase
results in a loss of ________ in some stainless steels as a
result of high temperature exposure.
A. Ductility
B. Fracture toughness
C. Embrittlement
D. None of the above: B
A. Non-pressure boundary
B. Pressure boundary
C. High temperature
D. Low temperature: B
141.
For galvanic corrosion to take place, three condition must
met, presence of an electrolyte, two different materials or
alloys and _________.
A. a cathode
B. a anode
C. an electrical connection
D. None of the above: C
A. Transition limit
B. Endurance limit
C. Hardening limit
D. Speed limit: B
140.
For furnaces, to prevent PASCC, keep the firebox heated
above the dew point to keep _________ from forming.
A. Water
B. Acids
C. Moisture
D. Corrosion: B
A. Parallel
B. Transgranular
C. Intergranular
D. Transverse: B
139.
For carbon steel, common velocity limits are generally
limited to ________ fps for rich amine and _________fps for lean
amine.
A form of corrosion caused by living organism such as
bacteria, algea or fungi is ___________.
A. HIC
B. SOHIC
C. MIC
D. None of the above: C
A. Stress
B. Pressure
C. Velocity
D. Alloy composition: A
11 / 37
149.
A form of corrosion that can occur at the junction of
dissimilar metals when they are joined together in a suitable
electrolyte is _______.
A. Galvanic corrosion
B. Anodic corrosion
C. Cathodic corrosion
D. All of the above: A
150.
A form of fatigue cracking in which cracks develop under
the combined effects of cyclic loading and corrosion is
called _________. Cracking often initiates at stress
concentrations such as a pit in the surface.
157.
A form of mechanical fatigue in which cracks are produced
as a result of dynamic loadings is ________.
153.
154.
158.
For some materials such as titanium, carbon steel and low
alloy steel, the number of cycles to fatigue fracture
decreases with __________ until an endurance limit is reached.
Below this endurance limit, fatigue cracking will not occur,
regardless of the number of cycles.
General or localized corrosion of carbon steels and other
metals caused by dissolved salts, gases, organic compounds
or microbiological activity is called ______.
A. Cooling water corrosion
B. Oxidation
C. MIC
D. None of the above: A
159.
For pressure vessels, inspection should focus on welds of
________ operating in the creep range.
A. CrMo alloys
B. Carbon steel
C. Stainless steel
D. Low hydrogen electrodes: A
General or localized corrosion of carbon steels and other
metals caused by dissolved salts, gases, organic compounds
or microbiological activities is called_______.
A. Flue Gas Corrosion
B. Atmospheric corrosion
C. Cooling water corrosion
D. None of the above
E. All of the above: C
A form of thermal cracking, _________, can occur when high
nonuniform thermal stresses develop over a relatively short
period of time in a piece of equipment due to differential
expansion and contraction.
A. Thermal expansion
B. Thermal stress
C. Thermal shock
D. Linear expansion: C
Galvanized steel components should not be welded to
_______ due to LME.
A. 300 Series SS
B. 400 Series SS
C. Carbon Steel
D. Duplex SS: A
A. Spheroidization
B. Vibration-induced cracking
C. Fatigue cracking
D. Stress cracking: B
152.
Foul smelling water may be sign of fouling and/or ________.
A. MIC
B. HIC
C. SOHIC
D. All of the above: A
156.
A. Cyclic cracking
B. Corrosion cracking
C. Stress fatigue
D. Stress cracking: B
151.
155.
Geometry, stress level, _________ and material properties are
the predominate factors in determining the fatigue
resistance of a component.
A. Temperature
B. Pressure
C. Velocity
D. Number of cycles: D
160.
Geometry, stress level, number of cycles and ________ are
the predominate factors in determining the fatigue
resistance of a component.
A. Temperature
B. Material properties
C. Pressure
D. Velocity: B
A. Temperature increases
B. Stress amplitude
C. Pressure decreases
D None of the above: B
12 / 37
161.
The grain size has an important influence on the high
temperature ductility and on the reheat cracking
susceptibility. A ___________ grain size results in ________ ductile
heat affected zones, making the material more susceptible
to reheat cracking.
A. Large, more
B. Small, less
C. Large, less
D. Small, more: C
162.
164.
166.
169.
170.
Heat treatment can have a significant effect on the
toughness and hence fatigue resistance of a metal. In
general, _________ grained microstructures tend to perform
better then _________ grained.
A. Fine, Course
B. Austenetic, Martensitic
C. Course, Fine
D. Martensitic, Austenetic: A
171.
Higher _________ containing alloys are used for improved
resistance to naphthenic acid corrosion.
A. Chromium
B. Carbon
C. Molybdenum
D. All of the above: C
172.
Hardness is primarily an issue with SSC. Typical low
strength carbon steel should be controlled to produce
weld hardness less than _________.
A. 225 BHN
B. 237 BHN
C. 200 BHN
D. 240 BHN: C
HCl acid corrosion is found in several units, especially _______
and _________ units, hydroprocessing units and catalytic
reformer units.
A. Amine, crude
B. Crude, Alkylation
C. Vacuum, Amine
D. Crude, Vacuum: D
A hard, brittle surface layer will develop on some alloys
due to exposure to high temperature process streams
containing high levels of nitrogen compounds such as
ammonia or cyanides, particularly under reducing
conditions, is called _________.
A. Carburization
B. Spheroidization
C. Nitriding
D. None of the above: C
____________ has been a major problem on coke drum shells.
A. Thermal fatigue
B. Stress cracking
C. Erosion
D. Temper embrittlement: A
________ greatly increase the probability and severity of
blistering, HIC and SOHIC damage.
A. Acids
B. Caustics
C. Amines
D. Cyanides: D
165.
168.
The graphitization rate ___________ with increasing
temperature.
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Stops
D. Proceeds: A
Hardness levels above _________ are highly susceptible to
hydrogen stress cracking (HF). Time-to-failure decreases as
the hardness increases.
A. 225 BHN
B. 237 BHN
C. 241 BHN
D. 247 BHN: B
Graphitization can be prevented by using chromium
containing low alloys steels for long-term exposure above
__________.
A. 650°F
B. 700°F
C. 750°F
D. 800°F: D
163.
167.
High strength, low alloy steels such as A193-B7 bolts and
compressor parts are susceptible to hydrogen stress
cracking. A193-B7M Bolts are susceptible if __________.
A. Exposed
B. Overtorqued
C. Double nutted
D. None of the above: B
173.
High strength steels are susceptible to LME when they
come in contact with molten ___________.
A. Cadmium
B. Zinc
C. Lead
D. Both A and C: D
13 / 37
174.
High temperature H² / H²S corrosion damage is minimized
by using alloys with high ___________ content.
181.
A. Carbon
B. Molybdenum
C. Chromium
D. Stainless: C
175.
High temperature hydrogen attack results from exposure to
hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressures. The
hydrogen react with _________ in steel to produce _______,
which cannot diffuse through steel. The loss of carbides
causes an overall loss in strength.
A. O²
B. O
C. H²O
D. CO²: C
182.
A. Carbides, oxygen
B. Alloys, hydrogen dioxide
C. Carbides, methane
D. Hydrogen dioxide, H²S: C
176.
177.
178.
How do you mitigate brittle fracture of new equipment.
a. Use only 400 series stainless steels.
b. Use only 300 series stainless steels.
c. Use material specifically designed for low temperature
operation per ASME B&PV Code.
d. Use material designed for high temperature operation
per ASME B&PV Code.: C
183.
184.
HTHA is dependent on temperature, hydrogen partial
pressure, time and ________.
A. Pressure
B. Stress
C. Yield
D. Tensile strength: B
Hydriding of titanium is a metallurgical phenonemon in
which hydrogen diffuses into the titanium and reacts to
form an embrittling phase. This can results in a complete
loss of ________ with no noticeable sign of corrosion or loss
of thickness.
A. Strength
B. Ductility
C. Carbides
D. Hardness: B
Hydrogen permeation or diffusion rates have been found to
be minimal at pH __________ and increase at both higher and
lower pH's.
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7: D
185.
180.
Hydrogen blisters may form at many different depths from
the surface of the steel, in the middle of the plate or near a
weld. In some cases, neighboring or adjacent blisters that
are at slightly different depths (planes) may develop cracks
that link them together. Interconnecting cracks between
the blisters often have a ________ appearance.
A. Crescent
B. Eyebrow
C. Step Like
D. Jagged: C
a. 20 mpy
b. 15 mpy
c. 10 mpy
d. 5 mpy: A
179.
Hydrogen blisters may form as surface bulges on the ID,
the OD on within the wall thickness of a pipe or pressure
vessel. Blistering occurs from hydrogen generated by
__________, not hydrogen gas from the process stream.
A. H²S
B. Corrosion
C. Hydriding
D. Sulfur: B
How is the effectiveness of treatment monitored in cooling
water systems?
a. using AE.
b. measuring biocide residuals.
c. using velocity ratio technique.
d. using ACFM technique.: B
How many mils per year would you expect a carbon steel
line to lose if exposed to a marine environment?
Hydrochloric acid corrosion is a general and localized
corrosion and is very aggressive to most common materials
on construction. Damage in refineries is often associated
with dew point corrosion in which vapors containing _______
and hydrogen chloride condense from the overhead stream
of a distillation, fractionation, or stripping tower.
Hydrogen stress cracking is the same mechanism that is
responsible for sulfide stress corrosion cracking in wet H²S
environments except that HF acid is generating the ________.
A. Sulfide
B. Caustic
C. Hydrogen
D. Water: C
186.
Hydrogen stress cracking is the same mechanism that is
responsible for sulfide stress corrosion cracking in wet H²S
environments except that HF acid is generating the ________.
A. Sulfide
B. Corrosion
C. Hydrogen
D. None of the above: C
14 / 37
187.
If the BHN is 400-500 it may indicate __________.
193.
A. Carburization
B. Hydriding
C. Temper embrittlement
D. Caustic embrittlement: B
188.
If weld repairs are required, the effects of temper
embrittlement can be temporarily reversed (de-embrittled)
by heating at __________ for 2 hours per inch of thickness and
rapidly cooling to room temperature.
A. 3-5
B. 5-7
C. 7-9
D. 9-12: C
194.
A. 1000°F
B. 1150°F
C. 1200°F
D. 1250°F: B
189.
If wet electrodes or high moisture content flux is used,
___________ can be charged into the steel resulting in delayed
cracking.
195.
If wet electrodes or high moisture content flux weld
electrodes are used to weld carbon steel, hydrogen can be
charged into steel resulting in ________________.
A. Stress concentrations
B. Cracking
C. Circumferential stress
D. All of the above: A
196.
197.
In a pump, the difference between the actual pressure, or
head, of a liquid available (measured on the suction side)
and the vapor pressure of that liquid is called Net Positive
Suction Head (NPSH) available. The minimum head required
to prevent cavitation with given liquid at a given flow rate is
called Net Positive Suction Head _________. Inadequate NPSH
can result in cavitation.
A. Surplus
B. Required
C. Reserve
D. None of the above: B
In fired heater tubes, dissimilar weld metal cracking forms
primarily on the _________ of the material.
A. Outside
B. Inside
C. Welds
D. All of the above: A
Improved resistance to erosion is usually achieved through
increasing substrate ________ using harder alloys, hard facing
or face-hardening treatment.
A. Composition
B. Stress
C. Hardness
D. None of the above: C
192.
In design and fabrication, it is advisable to avoid sharp
changes in cross section, such as short radius fillets or
undercut that can give rise to _________.
Long-seam welds are particularly susceptible to reheat
cracking due to mismatch caused by fit up problems.
A. Reduced tensile strength
B. Loss of ductility
C. Delayed cracking
D. All of the above: C
191.
Increasing the chromium in steels offers no major
improvement in resistance to CO² corrosion until a minimum
of _________ is reached.
A. 9%
B. 12%
C. 5%
D. 7%: B
A. Atomic hydrogen
B. Hydrogen
C. Oxygen
D. H²O: B
190.
Increasing chromium content in the alloy improves
resistance to sulfidation. However, there is little
improvement with increasing chromium content until about
______ Cr.
In general, the resistance of carbon steel and other alloys
to high temperature corrosion is determined by the ________
content of the material.
A. Molybdenum
B. Chromium
C. Carbon
D. All of the above: B
198.
In general, the resistance of iron and nickel based alloys to
sulfidation is determined by the _________ content of the
material.
A. Chromium
B. Carbon
C. Molybdenum
D. Alloying: A
15 / 37
199.
In HF Service, carbon steel form a protective _______ scale in
dry concentrated acid. Loss of the protective scale through
high velocities or turbulence will result in greatly
accelerated corrosion rates.
A. Chloride
B. Fluoride
C. Iron sulfide
D. Iron oxide: B
200.
In HF service, carbon steel operating above ________ should
be closely monitored for loss on thickness and may need
to be upgraded to Alloy 400.
206.
___________ injection downstream of the desalter is another
common method used to reduce the amount of HCl going
overhead.
207.
In most cases, brittle fracture occurs only at temperatures
below the Charpy impact _______________ temperature, the
point at which the toughness of the material drops off
sharply.
208.
In most cases, brittle fracture occurs only at temperatures
below the Charpy impact transition temperature. Steel
cleanliness and __________ have a significant influence on
toughness and resistance to brittle fracture.
A. Alloy composition
B. Tensile strength
C. Grain Size
D. Pressure: C
In piping and equipment, creep cracking can occur where
high metal temperatures and _________ occur together. Creep
cracking, once initiated, can progress rapidly.
A. Pressures
B. Stress risers
C. Velocities
D. None of the above: B
209.
In pressure containing equipment, SOHIC and SCC damage
is most often associated with ________.
A. Internals
B. Weldments
C. Branches
D. None of the above: B
210.
Inspecting for high-cycle fatigue can be difficult since:
A. The cracks are extremely tight
B. Predicting the location of cracking is difficult
C. Once the crack begins, only a few cycles are needed for
the crack to lead to failure.
D. Often the equipment is vibrating making non-destructive
evaluations difficult.: C
a. failure
b. transition
c. critical
d. stable: B
204.
In order to minimize and prevent amine SCC, PWHT all
carbon steel welds in accordance with API RP _________.
A. 751
B. 912
C. 510
D. 945: D
A. Hydrogen
B. Nitrogen
C. Water
D. Caustic: D
203.
In order for PASCC to occur the material must be ___________.
A. PWHT
B. Non-PWHT
C. Sensitized
D. Austenetic: C
A. 150°F
B. 175°F
C. 160°F
D. 200°F: A
202.
In most cases, brittle fracture occurs only at temperatures
________ the Charpy impact transition temperature.
A. Above
B. Below
C. Around
D. Inside: B
In HF service, carbon steel forms a protective fluoride
scale in dry concentrated acid. Loss of the protective scale
through high _________ or turbulence will result in greatly
accelerated corrosion rates.
A. Temperature
B. Pressure
C. Velocities
D. None of the above: C
201.
205.
211.
Inspection for wet H²S damage generally focuses on ________
and _______.
A. Weld seams, Nozzles
B. Trays, Weld Seams
C. Nozzles, trays
D.None of the above: A
16 / 37
212.
An inspector notes that there are cracks in the brick
fireproofing of a column supporting a vessel on a FCC unit.
An inspection hole is opened to check the condition of the
column. Heavy rust scale is present and the inspector
requires the entire column to be stripped. Severe pitting to
holes and serious thinning of the column is found. What
type of corrosion would this be?
a. Heavy erosion from catalyst.
b. Chloride attack.
c. Normal weathering of the column.
d. CUI (corrosion under insulation).: D
213.
215.
219.
In vessels and piping, creep cracking can occur where high
metal temperatures and ________ occur together.
________ is a form of carbon that may promote carburization,
particularly during decoke cycles where temperatures
exceed the normal operating temperatures.
A. Pressures
B. Stress Concentrations
C. Velocities
D. None of the above: B
A. Carbonic acid
B. Coke
C. Crude oil
D. None of the above: B
In what type of environment would atmospheric corrosion
be most severe?
220.
221.
__________ is accelerated high temperature wastage of
materials that occurs when contaminants in the fuel form
deposits and melt on the metal surfaces.
____________ is a change in the microstructure of certain
carbon steels and 0.5 Mo steels after long term operation
in the 800°F to 1100°F range.
A. Graphitization
B. Softening
C. Temper Embrittlement
D. Creep: A
___________ is a form of carburization resulting in accelerated
localized pitting which occurs in carburizing gases and/or
process streams containing carbon and hydrogen. Pits
usually form on the surface and may contain soot or
graphite dust.
A. Hydrate corrosion
B. Carbide corrosion
C. Spheroidization
D. Metal dusting: D
222.
A. Spheroidization
B. Dealloying
C. Fuel ash corrosion
D. None of the above: C
217.
___________ is a change on the microstructure of steels after
exposure in the 850°F to 1400°F range, where the carbide
phases in carbon steels are unstable and may agglomerate
from their normal plate-like appearance.
A. Carburization
B. Spheroidization
C. Graphiding
D. 885°F embrittlement: B
a. Marine environments, and moist polluted industrial
environments.
b. Desert environments, and cold dry rural environments.
c. Areas exposed to the morning sun and prevailing winds.
d. Far north environments with maximum exposure to cold
and snow.: A
216.
_____________ is a change in the microstructure of certain
carbon steels and 0.5Mo steels after long-term operation
in the 800°F to 1100°F range that may cause a loss in
strength, ductility and/or creep resistance.
A. Embrittlement
B. Carburization
C. Graphitization
D. Sensitization: C
In susceptible materials, Primary factor that affects sigma
phase formation is the ___________ at elevated temperatures.
A. Time of exposure
B. Pressure
C. Stress
D. Velocity: A
214.
218.
___________ is a form of cracking that results when certain
molten metals come in contact with specific alloys.
Cracking can be very sudden and brittle in nature.
A. SCC
B. LME
C. AET
D. SOHIC: B
223.
___________ is a form of damage found mostly in older vintage
carbon steels and C-0.5 Mo low alloy steels under the
combined effects of deformation and aging at an
intermediate temperature.
A. Spheroidization
B. Thermal fatigue
C. Strain aging
D. None of the above.: C
17 / 37
224.
_______________ is a form of environmental cracking that can
initiate on the surface of high strength low alloy steel and
carbon steels with highly localized zones of high hardness
on the weld metal and HAZ as a result of exposure to
aqueous HF acid service.
230.
A. SOHIC
B. HIC
C. Carburization
D. SSC: D
A. Sulfide stress cracking
B. Hydrogen stress cracking
C. Caustic stress cracking
D. Hydrogen induced cracking: B
225.
231.
___________ is a form of stress corrosion cracking normally
occurring during shutdowns, startups or during operation
when air and moisture are present. Cracking is due to sulfur
acids forming from sulfide scale, air and moisture on
sensitized stainless steel.
232.
_____________ is a form or erosion caused by the formation
and instantaneous collapse of innumerable tiny vapor
bubbles.
233.
_________ is a loss in toughness due to metallurgical change
that can occur in alloys containing a ferrite phase, as a
result of exposure in the temperature range 600°F to
1000°F.
234.
____________ is a mechanical form of degradation that occurs
when a component is exposed to cyclical stresses for a
extended period, often resulting in sudden unexpected
failure.
___________ is surface initiated cracks caused by
environmental cracking of 300 Series SS and some nickel
based alloys under the combined action of tensile stress,
temperature and aqueous chloride environment. The
presence of dissolved oxygen increases the propensity for
cracking.
A. SSC
B. SOHIC
C. CI SCC
D. HIC: C
A. Stress fatigue
B. Mechanical fatigue
C. Thermal fatigue
D. Cyclic fatigue.: B
229.
____________ is similar to HIC but is a potentially more
damaging form of cracking which appears as arrays of
cracks stacked on top of each other. The result is a through
thickness crack that is perpendicular to the surface and is
driven by high levels of stress.
A. MIC
B. SOHIC
C. Sulfuric SCC
D. None of the above: B
A. Caustic embrittlement
B. Notch toughness
C. 885°F embrittlement
D. Ductile embrittlement: C
228.
___________ is often found in piping and equipment that
handles caustic, including H²S and mercaptan removal units,
as well as equipment that handles caustic, including H²S and
mercaptan removal unit, as well as equipment that uses
caustic for neutralization in sulfuric acid and HF acid units.
A. Carburization
B. Sulfide corrosion
C. Caustic embrittlement
D. Hydrogen cracking: C
A. Condensate corrosion
B. Cavitation
C. Dew-point corrosion
D. Atmospheric corrosion: B
227.
____________ is most likely found on hard weld and heataffected zones and in high strength components.
A. HIC
B. SSC
C. SOHIC
D. Blistering: B
A. Caustic SCC
B. Chloride SCC
C. Polythionic acid SCC
D. None of the above: C
226.
__________ is most likely found in hard welds and heat
affected zones and in high strength components.
___________ is a selective corrosion mechanism in which one or
more constituents of an alloy are preferentially attacked
leaving a lower density often porous structure.
___________ is the main concern during start-up, shutdown
and/or hydro testing for equipment/piping operating at
elevated temperatures. This event can also occur in an auto
refrigeration event in units processing light hydrocarbons.
A. Phenol corrosion
B. Dealloying
C. Carburization
D. Preferentially weld attack: B
A. Stress fracture
B. Carburization
C. Spheroidization
D. Brittle fracture: D
235.
18 / 37
236.
___________ is the primary alloying agent that affects
resistance to oxidation.
243.
A. Chromium
B. Molybdenum
C. Silicon
D. Aluminum: A
237.
________ is the reduction in toughness due to metallurgical
change that can occur in some low alloy steel as a result of
long-term exposure in the temperature range of about
650°F to 1100°F.
A. Hardening
B. Graphitization
C. Spheroidization
D. Temper embrittlement: D
238.
239.
A. MAWP
B. Yield
C. Creep range
D. Critical: B
244.
245.
246.
___________ is the result of cyclic stresses caused by variation
in temperature.
______ is the sudden rapid fracture under stress (residual or
applied) where the material exhibits little or no evidence of
ductility or plastic deformation.
_________ is usually found in aqueous environments or
services where water is sometimes or always present,
especially where stagnant or low-flow conditions allow the
growth of microorganisms.
247.
___________ is when oxygen reacts with carbon steel and
other alloys at high temperature converting the metal to
oxide scale.
A. High temperature corrosion
B. Oxidation
C. Dealloying
D. Thermal fatigue: B
The level of creep damage is a function of the material and
the coincident _______ level at which the creep deformation
occurs.
A. Pressure/Temperature
B. Pressure/Stress
C. Temperature/Stress
D. None of the above: C
248.
A. MIC
B. HIC
C. SOHIC
D. None of the above: A
242.
Lean amine is generally not corrosive because they either
have low conductivity and/or high pH. Corrosion rates
increase with increasing temperature, particularly in rich
amine service. Temperatures above ___________ can result in
acid gas flashing and severe localized corrosion.
A. 170°F
B. 190°F
C. 220°F
D. 240°F: C
A. Thermal fatigue
B. Thermal shock
C. Brittle fracture
D. Stress fracture: C
241.
Key factors affecting thermal fatigue are the magnitude of
the temperature and the _________.
A. Number of cycles
B. Pressure
C. Stress
D. Alloy composition: A
A. Cyclic cracking
B. Stress cracking
C. Stress fatigue
D. Thermal fatigue: D
240.
Key factors affecting thermal fatigue are the magnitude of
the_______________ and the ____________.
a. temperature; rate (speed of rise)
b. equipment size; complexity (intricacy of construction)
c. stress loading; size (increase, decrease of loads)
d. temperature swing; frequency (number of cycles): D
_________ is the result of cyclic stress caused by variation in
temperature.
A. Creep
B. Thermal fatigue
C. Cyclic cracking
D. Stress corrosion cracking: B
It is generally accepted that stresses approaching _________
are required for SCC to occur so that thermal stress relief is
effective in preventing caustic SCC.
The "L" grade of stainless steel will sensitize if exposed
more than several hours above _________ or long term above
_________.
A. 1200°F, 800°F
B. 1000°F, 600°F
C. 1000°F, 750°F
D. 1100°F, 800°F: C
249.
Liquid metal embrittlement can occur if 300 Series SS
comes in contact with molten __________.
A. Copper
B. Mercury
C. Zinc
D. Lead: C
19 / 37
250.
Localized corrosion due to the concentration of caustic or
alkaline salts that usually occurs under evaporative
conditions is ____________.
257.
A. Carbonate corrosion
B. Caustic corrosion
C. Alkaline Corrosion
D. None of the above: B
251.
A. Pressure
B. Stress
C. Alloy composition
D. Velocity: C
A loss in ductility of high steels due to penetration of
atomic hydrogen can lead to brittle cracking hydrogen
embrittlement. Which of the following materials is
susceptible to HE.
258.
259.
The loss in strength from spheroidization (Softening) is
usually accompanied by a(n) _________ in ductility, which
allows for deformation at stress concentration.
260.
Low alloy steels contain a maximum of ______ chrome.
261.
Low Creep ductility is ______ prevalent at the lower
temperatures in the creep range. Or low stresses in the
upper creep range.
262.
Low creep ductility is _________ severe in high tensile
strength materials and welds.
Mechanical fatigue can cause cracks that initiate from the
surface and often form a:
A. Clam shell appearance
B. Snail shell appearance
C. Turtle shell appearance
D. None of the above: A
A. More
B. Less
C. Usually
D. Not: A
256.
________ material sections also have a ________ resistance to
brittle fracture due to higher constraint, which increases
triaxial stresses at the crack tip.
A. Thinner, lower
B. Thicker, Lower
C. Thinner, Higher
D. Thicker, Higher: B
A. More
B. Less
C. Equally
D. None of the above: A
255.
Many thermal fatigue cracks are filled with:
A. chlorides
B. hydroslime
C. oxides
D. sulfides: C
A. 5%
B. 6%
C. 7.5%
D. 9%: D
254.
Major factors affecting sulfidation are alloy composition,
temperature and concentration of _________ corrosive
compounds.
a.water
b. hydrogen
c. sulfur
d. ammonia: C
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Reduction
D. Yield: A
253.
Major factors affecting sulfidation are alloy composition,
temperature and _________.
A. Time
B. Stress
C. Concentration of hydrogen
D. Concentration of Sulfur: D
A. Carbon Steel
B. 400 Series SS
C. low alloy steel
D. All of the above: D
252.
The major factors affecting high temperature sulfidation are
the temperature, the presence of hydrogen, the H²S
concentration and the _________.
263.
The major factors affecting high temperature sulfidation are
the temperature, the presence of hydrogen, the
concentration of H²S and the __________.
Mechanical fatigue is caused by:
A. cyclic stresses occurring over a long period of time
B. Higher than average stresses at high temperatures
C. Constant stresses occurring at low temperatures
D. Cyclic operating conditions of bird poop, then rain etc.: A
A. Alloy content
B. Velocity
C. Pressure
D. Water content: A
20 / 37
264.
Metal dusting is preceded by ________ and is characterized
by rapid metal wastage.
A. Decarburization
B. Carburization
C. Graphitization
D. None of the above: B
265.
267.
269.
273.
274.
275.
A. Anode, Cathode
B. Cathode, Anode
C. Alpha, Omega
D. None of the above: B
NAC may be found in hot hydrocarbon streams downstream
of the crude and vacuum units, ___________ any hydrogen mix
point.
A. Upstream of
B. Downstream of
C. Adjacent to
D. Around: A
276.
Mitigation of CUI is best achieved by __________.
The more noble material, called the __________, is protected
by sacrificial corrosion of the more active material, called
____________. The more active metal corrodes at a higher rate
than it would if it were not connected tot he more noble
metal.
The most important factors affecting graphitization are the
chemistry, stress, temperature and ______.
A. Velocity
B. Time at exposure
C. Pressure
D. Ductility: B
A. A properly documented inspection program.
B. A properly installed insulation system.
C. A properly applied coating system
D. A properly documented NDE program.: C
270.
The most common method used for monitoring
underground structures is measuring the structure to soil
__________ using dedicated reference electrodes near the
structure.
A. Resistivity
B. Corrosiveness
C. Potential
D. Electrolyte: C
A minimum of ________ to _______ molybdenum is needed in
alloy to resist naphthenic acid corrosion.
A. 2%, 3%
B. 1½%, 2½%
C. 2%, 2½%
D. 1%, 2%: C
Most Brittle failures occur:
A. Below the impact transition temperature
B. On thinner materials
C. On "Clean" steel
D. While in operation at elevated temperatures: A
MIC is often found in _________, bottom water storage tanks,
piping with stagnant or low flow and piping in contact with
some soils.
A. Vessels
B. Heat exchangers
C. Drums
D. All of the above: B
268.
272.
MIC is often characterized by _________ within pits in carbon
steel.
A. Oxide
B. Tubercles
C. Worm Holes
D. Cup shaped pits: D
Most brittle failures appear as:
A. Branched cracking
B. Intergranular cracking
C. Ductile tears
D. Cleavage: D
Metallic components form a surface _________ when exposed
to sulfur compounds. This may react with air (oxygen) and
moisture to form sulfur acids (polythionic acid).
A. Oxide
B. Sulfide scale
C. Sulfate scale
D. Caustic scale: B
266.
271.
Naphthenic acid corrosion is a form of high temperature
corrosion that occurs primarily in crude and vacuum units
and downstream units that process certain fractions that
contain naphthenic acid. Which of the following materials is
susceptible to naphthenic acid corrosion?
A. Carbon steel
B. 300 Series SS
C. 400 Series SS
D. All of the above: D
277.
Naphthenic acid corrosion is most severe in __________ flow;
in areas of high velocity or turbulence and in distillation
towers where hot vapors condense to form liquid droplets.
A. Single phase
B. Two phase
C. Three phase
D. Negative phase: B
21 / 37
278.
Naphthenic acid is ______ by catalytic reactions on
downstream hydro processing and FCC units.
285.
A. Enhanced
B. Destroyed
C. Concentrated
D. Diluted: B
279.
Nickel based alloys usually contain _______ nickel.
A. Proper concentration
B. Proper operation
C. Proper design
D. Proper startup: B
286.
A. >30%
B. >20%
C. >10%
D. >12%: A
280.
Nitriding begins above _________ and becomes severe above
________.
Nitriding is usually confined to the surface of most
components and will have a dull, ________ appearance. In
more advanced stages, the material will exhibit very hard
surface hardness.
A. Gray
B. Black
C. Brown
D. White: A
282.
287.
283.
284.
288.
__________ of a component is the most important factor in
determining a components resistance to mechanical
fatigue.
Oxygen and iron in the water injected into reactor effluent
can lead to __________ corrosion and fouling.
A. Increased
B. Decreased
C. Substantial
D. Minimal: A
289.
Permanent deformation occurring at relatively low stress
levels as a result of localized overheating is called _______.
A. Stress cracking
B. Brittle fracture
C. Temper embrittlement
D. Stress rupture: D
290.
Non-stressed relieved _________ is susceptible to stress
corrosion cracking when in contact with moist HF vapors in
the presence of oxygen.
A. Carbon steel
B. Alloy 400
C. 300 Series SS
D. 400 Series SS: B
Oxidation of carbon steel begins to become significant
above ________.
A. 800°F
B. 900°F
C. 1000°F
D. 1100°F: C
Nitriding layers are magnetic. Therefore, _________ should be
checked for magnetism as an initial screening for nitriding.
A. 300 Series SS
B. 400 Series SS
C. Duplex SS
D. Low alloy steel.: A
Once cracking from LME has occurred, grinding out the
affected area ______ an acceptable fix.
A. Is
B. Is not
C. Can be
D. Cannot be: B
A. 500°F, 800°F
B. 600°F, 900°F
C. 800°F, 1000°F
D. 700°F, 1100°F: B
281.
__________ of the amine system is the most effective way to
prevent amine corrosion.
Phosphoric acid corrosion is usually found in ________ areas.
A. High velocity
B. Low Velocity
C. High temperature
D. Low temperature: B
291.
The presence of _________ can destabilize the scale and turn
it into a non protective scale.
A. H²S
B. O²
C. H²
D. H²O: D
A. Design
B. Temperature
C. Stress
D. Pressure: A
22 / 37
292.
The presence of _______ in H²S streams increases the
severity of high temperature sulfide corrosion at
temperature above about 500°F
299.
A. Injecting chlorines to kill microbiological bugs
B. Injecting caustic to lower the pH to <4.0
C. Lowering solids content in boiler feed water to less than
50 ppm.
D. Maintaining a protective corrosion layer of magnetite
(Fe304): D
A. Amine
B. Hydrogen
C. Sulfides
D. All of the above: B
293.
The presence of what other element increases the
propensity for CI SCC cracking?
300.
a. Carbon dioxide.
b. Oxygen.
c. Carbon monoxide.
d. Nitrogen.: B
294.
Preventative measures to minimize the potential for brittle
fracture in existing equipment are limited to controlling
________ and _________, minimizing pressure at ambient
temperatures during start-up and shutdown and periodic
inspections at high stress locations.
A. Temperature, stress
B. Stress, pressure
C. Velocity, stress
D. Temperature, pressure: D
295.
301.
302.
303.
A prime location for erosion is:
304.
Proper application of ________ will control but not eliminate
microbes that cause MIC so that continued treatment is
necessary.
A. Ozone
B. Caustic
C. Biocides
D. None of the above: C
Refractory anchor material must be compatible with the
_________ of the base metal.
A. Composition
B. Welding
C. Thermal coefficient
D. Ductility: C
A. In catalyst piping
B. Downstream of a gate valve
C. Any superheated steam piping
D. Upstream of a pump: A
298.
The rate of creep deformation is a function of the material,
load and temperature. The rate of damage is sensitive to
both load and temperature. Generally, an increase of about
_____ or an increase of _________ on stress can cut the
remaining life in half.
A. 25°F, 15%
B. 50°F, 10%
C. 50°F, 15%
D. 25°F, 10%: A
A. Pressure
B. Alloy composition
C. Stress
D. Oxygen: B
297.
A quick test for embrittlement from _________ is a bend test
or crush test. Unaffected material will be crushed in a
ductile fashion while embrittled components will crack with
no signs of ductility.
A. Titanium Hydriding
B. Temper embrittlement
C. Caustic embrittlement
D. None of the above: A
Primarily hot-wall piping and equipment in the following
units can be affected by graphitization. FCC, catalytic
reformer and ________.
The primary factors affecting high temperature oxidation
are metal temperature and ______.
PWHT is _____________ in preventing caustic SCC.
A. Effective
B. Not effective
C. Not practical
D. None of the above: A
A. Hydrotreater
B. Hydrocracker
C. Coker
D. Alky: C
296.
Protection in a boiler from boiler feed water corrosion is
accomplished by:
Refractory anchors must be resistant to _________ in high
temperature services.
A. Thermal fatigue
B. Thermal cracking
C. Stress cracking
D. Oxidation: D
305.
Refractory lined equipment should be designed for
erosion, thermal shock and ________.
A. Thermal fatigue
B. Thermal expansion
C. Thermal contraction
D. All of the above: B
23 / 37
306.
The regenerator reboiler and the regenerator are areas
where the temperature and ________ of the amine stream are
the highest and can cause significant corrosion problems.
313.
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Stabilizes
D. None of the above: B
A. Pressure
B. Stress
C. Turbulence
D. Concentration: C
307.
314.
Regular and controlled carbon grades of stainless steels
such as types 304/304H and 316/316H are particularly
susceptible to sensitization in the weld HAZ. Low carbon "L"
grades are less susceptible and usually can be welded
without sensitizing. The "L" grades will not sensitize
provided long term operating temperatures do not exceed
about ________.
Reheat cracking is most frequently observed in __________
grained sections of a heat-affected zone.
315.
316.
310.
311.
Sigma phase in welds can be minimized by controlling
ferrite in the range of ___________ for Type 347 SS
A. 3%-5%
B. 5%-7%
C. 7%-9%
D. 5%-9%: D
318.
Sigma phase occurs in Ferritic, martensitic, austenitic and
duplex stainless steel when exposed to temperatures in the
range of _________.
A. 538°C - 927°C
B. 614°C - 918°C
C. 676°C - 760°C
D. 584°C - 840°C: A
Resistance to sulfidation increases as the :
A. Chromium content in the material increases
B. Nickel content in the material increases
C. Material's tensile strength decreases
D. Material's tensile strength increases: A
312.
317.
The removal of surface material by impacting materials is
called:
A. Erosion
B. Erosion-corrosion
C. Erosion or erosion-corrosion
D. IPC (imparting particle corrosion): A
Short term overheating is a permanent deformation
occurring at relatively ________ stress levels as a result of
localized overheating. This usually Results in bulging and
failure by stress rupture.
A. Low
B. High
C. Even
D. None of the above: A
The removal of a materials protective scale by impacting
materials is called:
A. Erosion
B. Erosion-corrosion
C. Erosion or erosion-corrosion
D. IPRSC (imparting particle removal of scale corrosion): B
The severity of hydrochloric acid corrosion _______ with _______
HCI concentration and increasing temperatures.
A. Decreases, decreasing
B. Increases, increasing
C. Decreases, increasing
D. Increases, decreasing: B
A. Course
B. Fine
C. Dense
D. Treated: A
309.
Sensitization occurs in the _________ to ________ range.
A. 800°F, 1400°F
B. 750°F, 1500°F
C. 600°F, 1120°F
D. 1000°F, 1750°F: B
A. 700°F
B. 750°F
C. 800°F
D. 900°F: B
308.
SCC usually occurs at pH values above two(2). SCC
tendency __________ toward the alkaline pH region.
319.
Sigma phase occurs in Ferritic, martensitic, austenitic and
duplex stainless steel when exposed to temperatures in the
range of _________.
SCC tendency __________ towards the alkaline pH region.
A. Decreases
B. Increases
C. Remains constant
D. Varies: A
A. 850F - 1250F
B. 1000F - 1700F
C. 950F - 1500F
D. 800F - 1500F: B
24 / 37
320.
The signature mark of a fatigue is a _______ type fingerprint
that has concentric rings.
327.
A. Eyebrow
B. Half-moon
C. Radii
D. Clam Shell: D
321.
A. Resistivity
B. Pitting
C. General corrosion
D. Potential: B
___________ significantly increases the probability and severity
of blistering, HIC and SOHIC.
328.
A. Hydrogen
B. Oxygen
C. Cyanide
D. Caustic: C
322.
__________ significantly increases the probability and severity
of blistering, HIC SOHIC damage.
329.
Since all fuels contain some amount of sulfur, sulfuric and
sulfurous acid __________ can occur if the metal temperature is
below this temperature.
Since cracking is usually surface connected, effective
methods of inspection are:
330.
326.
Smooth grooving of pipe walls is an indication that is the
causative agent.
a. carbon monoxide
b. oxygen
c. carbon dioxide
d. hydrochloric or sulfuric acids: C
SOHIC is driven by localized stresses so that ___________ is
somewhat effective in preventing SOHIC damage.
A. PWHT
B. Preheat
C. Temperature
D. None of the above: A
Soil to Air interface areas are usually more susceptible to
corrosion than the rest of the structure because of _________
and ___________ availability.
A. Moisture
B. Bacteria
C. Oxygen
D. B and C
E. A and C: E
331.
Some units affected by HTHA are listed below. One of the
ones listed is usually not considered a target. Pick this unit.
a. Hydrocracker.
b. Crude still.
c. Catalytic Reformer.
d. Hydrotreater.: B
332.
Sour water corrosion in ___________ containing environments
may be accompanied by carbonate SCC.
a. WFMT and LT.
b. ET. and AE.
c. VT. MT and PT.
d. AET, ET. and RT.: C
325.
Soils having high moisture, high dissolved salt concentration
and high ____________ are the most corrosive.
A. Oxygen content
B. Resistivity
C. Acidity
D. All of the above: C
A. Corrosion
B. Pitting
C. Dew point corrosion
D. All of the above: C
324.
Soil corrosion of carbon steel can be minimized through
the use of special backfill, coating and _________.
A. Cathodic protection
B. Resistivity
C. Temperature
D. None of the above: A
A. Caustic
B. Cyanides
C. Stress
D. Temperature: B
323.
Soil corrosion appears as external thinning with localized
losses due to _______.
A. H²O
B. H²S
C. CO²
D. O²: C
333.
Spheroidization and graphitization are competing
mechanism that occur at overlapping temperature ranges.
Spheroidization tends to occur above _______ while
graphitization predominates below this temperature.
A. 1000°F
B. 1025°F
C. 1050°F
D. 1100°F: B
25 / 37
334.
SSC generally occurs below about _______.
341.
A. 150°F
B. 180°F
C. 210°F
D. 240°F: B
335.
A. 800°F
B. 600°F
C. 500°F
D. 400°F: C
SSC generally occurs below about _________.
A. 225°F
B. 200°F
C. 180°F
D. 150°F: C
336.
342.
SSC is a form of hydrogen stress cracking resulting from
the absorption of atomic hydrogen that is produced by the
________ corrosion process in the metal surface.
338.
SSC is a form of hydrogen stress cracking resulting from
the absorption of _________ that is produced by the sulfide
corrosion process on the metal surface.
A Steam actuated soot blower has condensate in the first
steam exiting the soot blower. What type of damage can be
expected to be found when the furnace is brought down for
maintenance and inspection?
A. Sulfur dioxide
B. Hydrogen sulfide
C. Atomic hydrogen
D. Hydrogen chloride: C
A. Thermal fatigue
B. Steam blanketing
C. Creep
D. Stress rupture: A
343.
SSC is a form of _________ stress corrosion cracking.
344.
A. Hydrogen
B. Caustic
C. Polythionic
D. Alkaline: A
339.
345.
Steel cleanliness and ________ have a significant influence on
toughness and resistance to brittle fracture.
A. Composition
B. Alloy
C. Grain Size
D. None of the above: C
Stainless steels have higher coefficients of thermal
expansion than carbon steel or low alloy steel or nickel
based alloys and are more likely to see ________.
346.
A. Higher temperatures
B. Higher stresses
C. Higher pressure
D. None of the above: B
Steam blanketing is when the heat flow balance is
disturbed; individual bubbles join to form a steam blanket, a
condition known as Departure from Nucleate Boiling (DNB).
Once a steam blanket forms, tube rupture can occur
rapidly, as a result of __________.
A. Thermal fatigue
B. Short term overheating
C. Brittle fracture
D. Stress: B
Stainless steel cyclones, piping ductwork and valves in high
temperature FCC regeneration service are susceptible
areas for ____________.
A. Brittle fracture
B. Sigma phase
C. Cavitation
D. Corrosion fatigue: B
340.
Start-up and shutdown of equipment increase the
susceptibility of thermal fatigue. There is no limit on
temperature swings; however, as a practical rule, cracking
may be suspected if the temperature swing exceeds about
_______.
A. 150°F
B. 200°F
C. 250°F
D. 300°F: B
A. HCl
B. HF
C. Sulfide
D. Wet H²S: C
337.
Stainless steels with sigma can normally withstand normal
operating stresses but upon cooling to temperatures below
______ may show a complete lack of fracture toughness as
measured by a Charpy impact test.
Steel hardness, ________ and stress are critical factors in
causing hydrogen stress cracking.
A. Temperature
B. Alloy composition
C. Strength
D. None of the above: C
26 / 37
347.
348.
Stress corrosion cracking usually occurs at metal
temperatures above about:
a. 200 F.
b. 160 F.
c. 140 F.
d. 100 F.: C
354.
Stresses acting on the weldment are significantly __________
when austenitic stainless steel filler metal is used. A nickel
based filler has a coefficient of thermal expansion closer to
carbon steel resulting in a significantly lower stress at
elevated temperatures.
A. Sulfur dioxide
B. H²S
C. Sulfur trioxide
D. Sulfates: B
355.
Stress levels and ________ are the critical factors causing
carbonate stress corrosion cracking.
356.
A. Temperature
B. Velocity
C. Water chemistry
D. None of the above: C
350.
Stress relief and stabilization heat treatment of 300 Series
SS for maximizing chloride SCC and PASCC resistance can
cause __________ problems, especially in thicker sections.
357.
352.
353.
358.
Sulfidation of iron-based alloys usually begins at metal
temperatures above
a. 800°F
b. 700°F
c. 600°F
d. 500°F: D
359.
Sulfidation usually creates:
The sudden rapid fracture under stress (residual or applied)
where the material exhibits little or no evidence of ductility
or plastic deformation is called __________.
A. 885°F
B. Temper embrittlement
C. Stress corrosion cracking
D. Brittle fracture: D
Sufidation is also known as ________.
A. Sulfur corrosion
B. Sulfate corrosion
C. Sulfidic corrosion
D. None of the above: C
Sulfidation of iron-based alloys usually begins at metal
temperature above __________.
A. 500°F
B. 600°F
C. 800°F
D. 1000°F: A
Stress ruptures are characterized by _________ failures and
are usually accompanied by thinning at the fracture surface.
A. Rapid
B. Fish-mouth
C. Tensile
D. None of the above: B
Sulfidation of iron-based alloys usually begins at about:
A. 150°F
B. 250°F
C. 500°F
D. 1100°F: C
A. Thermal fatigue
B. Reheat cracking
C. Hydrogen
D. HIC: B
351.
Sulfidation is primary caused by:
A. Impacting particles
B. Sulfur compounds decomposing at higher temperatures
C. Sulfur compounds being created in the FCCU (cat
cracking unit )
D. Elemental sulfur collecting in stagnate areas, e.g. dead
legs.
E. Operators failing to adequately control the pH of sulfur
streams.: B
A. Lower
B. Higher
C. Altered
D. None of the above: B
349.
Sulfidation is primarily caused by _________ and other
reactive sulfur species as a result of the thermal
decomposition of sulfur compounds at high temperatures.
A. Uniform corrosion
B. Isolated pitting
C. Intergranular cracking
D. Transgranular cracking
E. Hard and brittle zones
F. Inspection mightmares: A
360.
Sulfide stress cracking (SSC) is defined as cracking of metal
under the combined action of tensile stress and corrosion
in the presence of ___________ and ___________.
A. Sulfur, Oxide
B. Hydrogen, water
C. H²S, Oxygen
D. Water, H²S: D
27 / 37
361.
Sulfur and chloride species in fuel will form sulfur dioxide,
sulfur trioxide and hydrogen chloride within the combustion
products. At low enough temperatures, these gases and the
water Vapor in the flue gas will condense to form ___________
acid.
A. Hydrochloric
B. Hyrdofluoric
C. Sulfuric
D. Both A and C: D
362.
Sulfur compounds react with carbon steel in high
temperature environments. This reaction causes corrosion.
The presence of____________ accelerates the corrosion.
369.
Sulfuric acid promotes general and localized corrosion of
carbon steel. Carbon steel heat affected zones may
experience severe corrosion. Acid concentration,
temperature, alloy content and _______ are critical factors
affecting sulfuric acid corrosion.
370.
Surface initiated cracks caused by environmental cracking
of 300 Series SS and some nickel based alloys under
combined action of tensile stress, temperature and aqueous
chloride environmental is called _________. The presence of
dissolved oxygen _________ the propensity for cracking.
Susceptibility of an alloy to sulfidation is determined by its
ability to form protective _____________.
Susceptibility to hydrogen stress cracking __________ with
_________ hardness.
A. Increases, increasing
B. Decreases, increasing
C. Decreases, Decreasing
D. Both A and C: D
Temper embrittlement ____________ be prevented if the
material contains critical levels of embrittling impurity
elements and is exposed in the embrittlement range.
A. Can
B. Cannot
C. Will
D. None of the above: B
371.
Temper embrittlement can be identified by a(n) ________ shift
in the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature measured in
a Charpy impact test.
A. Upward
B. Downward
C. Abrupt
D. None of the above: A
372.
A. Oxide scales
B. Sulfide scales
C. Carbide scales
D. None of the above: B
366.
Temperature, ___________ and stress are critical factors of
stress rupture. This is usually found in furnaces with cooking
tendencies and fired heater tubes.
A. Pressure
B. Ductility
C. Time
D. Tensile strength: C
A. CI SCC, increases
B. Stress cracking, increases
C. CI SCC, Decreases
D. Stress cracking, Decreases: A
365.
Susceptibility to temper embrittlement is largely
determined by the presence of the alloying elements
manganese and _______.
A. Chromium
B. Moly
C. Silicon
D. None of the above: C
A. Pressure
B. Stress
C. Velocity
D. Ductility: C
364.
Susceptibility to sulfidation is determined by the _______ of
the material.
A. Corrosion resistance
B. Tensile strength
C. Chemical composition
D. Yield Strength: C
368.
a. water
b. carbon dioxide
c. oxygen
d. hydrogen: D
363.
367.
Temper embrittlement is a metallurgical change that is not
readily apparent and can be confirmed through _________.
A. Metallographic examination
B. Impact testing
C. Metallography
D. None of the above: B
373.
__________ testing is the best method to determine the
susceptibility of a material to hydrogen stress cracking.
A. Hardness
B. Acoustic
C. SWUT
D. AUT: A
28 / 37
374.
There is currently no known metal alloy that is immune to
_________ under all conditions.
381.
A. Cyclic stresses that come from temperature variations
B. Long term operation at elevated temperatures
C. Excessive thermal growth
D. Hours of physical activity during a hot summer day: A
A. Carburization
B. Metal dusting
C. Decarburization
D. None of the above: B
375.
382.
Three factors when critically combined tend to cause
brittle fracture. Which of the four factors
listed below does not belong?
a. The material's fracture toughness (resistant to crack like
flaws) is low.
b. The size, shape and stress concentration of a flaw tends
to lead to failure.
c. The temperature is high enough to induce failure.
d. The amount of residual and applied stresses on the flaw
is enough to cause fracture.: C
383.
Three of the steels listed below are susceptible to brittle
fracture. Pick the one that is not.
Thermal fatigue becomes of concern if the temperature
swings exceed:
A. 50°F
B. 100°F
C. 200°F
D. 400°F: C
376.
Thermal fatigue cracks propagate ____________ to the stress
and are usually dagger shaped, transgranular and oxidefilled.
A. Axial
B. Diagonal
C. Transverse
D. Angular: C
377.
a. Carbon steel.
b. 300 series of stainless steels.
c. Low alloy steel.
d. 400 series of stainless steels: B
Thermal fatigue cracks usually:
384.
A. initiate on the surface of the component
B. Initiate in the subsurface of the component
C. Grow very rapidly (at the speed of sound in the material)
D. Are very tight and narrow: A
378.
379.
380.
385.
Thermal fatigue cracks usually propagate ________ to the
stress and they are usually dagger-shaped.
A. Parallel
B. Diagonal
C. Transverse
D. Across: C
Thermal fatigue damage is in the form of cracking that may
occur anywhere in a metallic component where relative
movement is constrained, particularly under repeated
________.
A. Cyclic stresses
B. Thermal cycling
C. Pressure variations
D. All of the above: B
Three types of equipment with mechanical loading that are
affected by mechanical fatigue cracking are listed below.
One of the four items listed below is not correct. Pick the
incorrect item.
a. Rotating shafts on centrifugal pumps that have stress
concentrations due to key ways.
b. Small diameter piping that vibrates because of adjacent
equipment.
c. Large, heavy, cast steel compressor cases.
d. High pressure drop control valves or steam reducing
stations that have serious vibration problems: C
Thermal fatigue cracks usually initiate on the _______ of the
component. They are generally wide and filled with oxides
due to the elevated temperatures.
A. Surface
B. ID
C. Welds
D. None of the above: A
Thermal fatigue is caused by:
Time to failure by thermal fatigue is primarily affected by:
A. Magnitude of stress and operating temperature
B. Magnitude of stress and number of cycles
C. Carbon content in material and operating temperature
D. Carbon content in material and number of cycles.: B
386.
Titanium Hydriding damage occurs primarily in sour water
strippers and amine units in the overhead condensers, heat
exchanger tubes and other titanium equipment operating
above ________.
A. 300°F
B. 270°F
C. 210°F
D. 165°F: D
29 / 37
387.
Titanium should not be used in known hydriding services
such as ______ or _____.
394.
A. Caustic, amine
B. Amine, sour water
C. Sour water, Alkylation
D. All of the above: B
388.
To prevent carburization, select alloys with strong surface
oxide or sulfide film former such as _________.
A. Stress cracking
B. Thermal fatigue
C. Thermal shock
D. Stress shock: C
395.
A. Silicon
B. Molybdenum
C. Aluminum
D. Both A and C: D
389.
390.
391.
Units where graphitization may be suspected are the FCCU
and the _______ unit.
A. Hydrotreater
B. Coker
C. Alky
D. None of the above: B
393.
__________ usually occurs when a colder liquid contact a
warmer metal surface.
A. Brittle fracture
B. Thermal fatigue
C. Thermal shock
D. Stress rupture: C
Vessels constructed after December, 1987 are subject to
the requirements of _________ of ASME Section VIII, Division
1.
A. UW-26
B. UG-31
C. UB-54
D. UCS-66: D
397.
Typical HF Alkylation units operate with 1% to 3% water in
the acid, equivalent to an HF-in-water concentration of
97% to 99% and the temperatures are generally below
__________.
A. 300°F
B. 250°F
C. 200°F
D. 150°F: D
392.
396.
Type 304L SS is satisfactory for phosphoric acid
concentration of 100% up to about ___________. Type 316L is
required from there to 225°F.
A. 140°F
B. 150°F
C. 100°F
D. 120°F: D
A vacuum tower operating at 740°F is being entered to
inspect. Several sets of Type 410 SS trays are bent at
various angles. The trays are removed in order to straighten
them. When an attempt is made to straighten them cracks
form at the bends. What type of damage mechanism would
cause the cracks to form?
A. Hydrogen embrittlement
B. Sulfide stress corrosion cracking
C. 885°F embrittlement
D. High temperature corrosion: C
To prevent hydrogen embrittlement, use lower strength
steels and __________ to temper the microstructure, improve
ductility and reduce residual stress.
A. Alloys
B. Preheat
C. PWHT
D. All of the above: C
__________ usually occurs when a colder liquid contact a
warmer metal surface.
Vibration-induced fatigue can be eliminated or reduced
through _________ and the use of supports and vibration
dampening equipment. Material upgrades are not usually a
solution.
A. Hangers
B. Dummy legs
C. Design
D. None of the above: C
398.
Ways to prevent thermal fatigue include stress
concentrators by making _________________ transitions at places
where the wall thickness changes.: smooth
399.
Weld heat affected zone graphitization is most frequently
found in the heat affected zone adjacent to welds in
narrow band, corresponding to the low temperature edge
of the heat affected zone, in multi-pass welded butt joints,
these zones overlap each other covering the entire cross
section. Because of its appearance, this type of
graphitization is called ____________.
A. Half-moon
B. Eyebrow
C. Radii
D. None of the above: B
30 / 37
400.
Welds joining dissimilar materials (ferritic and austenetic)
may suffer ___________ related damage at high temperature
due to thermal expansion stresses.
A. Stress
B. Creep
C. Fatigue
D. Thermal stress: B
401.
403.
404.
What determines the likelihood and severity of corrosion
for flue gas dew point corrosion?
a. concentration of sulfur and chlorides in the fuel.
b. an excess of vanadium in the fuel.
c. condensation of hydrofluoric acid.
d. none of the above.: A
405.
What is not a proven method for the detection of HTHA
damage?
a. VT.
b. AET.
c. WFMT.
d. RT: B
406.
What is the atmospheric corrosionrate if carbon steel is
exposed in a dry rural environment?
a. <4 mpy
b. <3 mpy
c. <2 mpy
d. <1 mpy: D
What is the chemical symbol for butane of butylenes?
A. C²
B. C3
C. C4
D. CH4: C
What is the chemical symbol for propane or propylene?
A. C²
B. C3
C. C4
D. CH4: B
410.
What is the typical erosion-corrosion rate in mpy of Monel
immersed in a seawater flume with the seawater traveling
over it at 4 fps?
a. 0.2 mpy
b. <0.2mpy
c. 1 mpy
d. 0.3 mpy: B
411.
What kind of steel is not susceptible to SCC?
a. AISI Type 347 SS.
b. AISI Type 316 SS.
c. Carbon steel.
d. Duplex SS: C
412.
What determines the susceptibility of an alloy to
sulfidation?
a. Its ability to form protective sulfide scales.
b. The amount of nickel present.
c. The ability to resist erosion.
d. The capability to avoid graphitic decomposition.: A
407.
409.
What alloying element determines the resistance of an
alloy to sulfidation?
a. Nickel.
b. Chrome.
c. Low carbon.
d. Columbium.: B
What is the chemical symbol for ethane or ethylene?
A. C²
B. C3
C. C4
D. CH4: A
Wet H²S services or ___________ acid services are process
where hydrogen diffuses into the steel and hydrogen
embrittlement (HE) is an issue.
A. HF
B. Sulfuric
C. Caustic
D. HCL: A
402.
408.
What materials are affected most by atmospheric
corrosion?
a. Nickel200, Inconel, and Incoloy.
b. Monel, Titanium, Duranickelalloy 301.
c. 300series stainless steels, and cast iron.
d. Carbon steel, low alloy steels, and copper alloyed
aluminum.: D
413.
What materials are usually affected by CUI?
a. Cast iron, Nickel 2OO, and Aluminum.
b. Titanium, Duranickel alloy 301, and Copper nickel.
c. Monel, incoloy, and inconel.
d. Carbon steel, low alloy steels, 300 series and duplex
stainless steels.: D
414.
What method is most used to assure boiler feed water
corrosion is not occurring?
A. Spot UT readings at turbulent areas
B. Profile RT at turbulent areas
C. Profile RT and stagnant
D. Laboratory analysis of boiler feedwater: D
415.
What percent of chlorides is safe for exposure to 300 series
stainless steel?
a.15%
b.10%
c.5%
d.O%: D
31 / 37
416.
What standard refers to Fitness-For-Service evaluations?
424.
A. RP 581
B. RP 579
C. RP 588
D.RP 568: B
417.
a. Visual inspection.
b. Infrared scan.
c. Ultrasonic scan.
d. Eddy current scan.: B
What standard refers to Risk-Based-Inspection?
425.
A. RP 581
B. RP 579
C. RP 588
D. RP 568: A
418.
What structure is 304 stainless steel?
426.
What structure is 410 stainless steel?
427.
A. Martensitic
B. Austenitic
C. Duplex
D. Ferritic: A
421.
428.
What treatment is used to prevent boiler feed water
corrosion?
When caustic stress corrosion cracking is a concern, steam
out of ___________ carbon steel piping and equipment should
be avoided.
A. PWHT
B. Non-PWHT
C. Ferritic
D. Hardened: B
A. Oxide scavengers are added to process
B. Oxygen scavengers are added to process
C. Sulfide scavengers are added to process
D. Sulfur scavengers are added to process: B
423.
When carbon is absorbed into a material at elevated
temperatures while in contact with a carbonaceous
substance it is called carburization. Temperatures usually
have to be above __________ for this to occur.
A. 1000°F
B. 1100°F
C. 1200°F
D. 1400°F: B
What test is used to determine a materials's toughness?
A. Charpy impact test
B. Guided Bend test
C. Tension Test
D. Physical fitness test: A
422.
What usually causes corrosion in boiler feedwater and
condensate return systems?
a. Corrosion pitting is the result of dezincification of the
tubes.
b. Corrosion is the result of dissolved heavy water (020) and
carbon monoxide (CO).
c. Corrosion is the result of HCI and H2SO4in the system.
d. Corrosion is the result of dissolved gases, oxygen and
carbon dioxide.: D
What structure is 409 stainless steel?
A. Martensitic
B. Austenitic
C. Duplex
D. Ferritic: D
420.
What type of unit suffers severe erosion-corrosion due to
exposure to naphthenic acids in
some crude oil?
a. Catalytic Reformer Reactor piping.
b. FCCU Fractionator overhead lines.
c. Hydroprocessing reactor effluent piping.
d. Crude and Vacuum unit piping and vessels.: D
A. Martensitic
B. Austenitic
C. Duplex
D. Ferritic: B
419.
What type of on stream inspection method can detect the
loss of refractory on an operating unit?
429.
What type damage is caused by thermal fatigue?
a. Damage is in the form of severe oxidation and scaling.
b. Damage is in the form of cracking anywhere a movement
or expansion is constrained.
c. Damage is in the form of tensile separation of high
stressed parts of equipment.
d. Damage is in the form of bending of parts that are highly
stressed.: B
When connected to a more anodic material, titanium may
suffer severe __________.
A. Corrosion
B. Hydriding
C. Stress
D. Notch toughness: B
430.
Where is PASCC normally located?
A. Adjacent to welds
B. On impellers
C. At stress risers
D. At flanges: A
32 / 37
431.
Which API RP recommends programs to monitor small-bore
piping, flange faces, blistering and HIC/SOHIC if HF alky
units?
A. 574
B. 751
C. 571
D. 980: B
432.
440.
441.
Which material below is not susceptible to caustic
corrosion?
Which material does not have endurance limit?
Which of following materials are not susceptible to
hydrogen stress cracking?
442.
443.
Which of the following alkanolamine systems is the least
aggressive in causing amine corrosion?
444.
445.
438.
Which of the following are affected by sulfidation?
Which of the following is not a major factor associated with
corrosion by sulfidation?
A. Alloy composition
B. Operating pressure
C. Operating temperature
D. Sulfur content: B
Which of the following alkanolamine systems is the most
aggressive in causing amine corrosion?
A. Monoethanolamine (MEA)
B. Diglycolamine (DGA)
C. Diethanolamine (DEA)
D. Methydiethanolamine (MDEA): A
Which of the following is not a major factor associated with
boiler water condensate corrosion?
A. Operating pressure
B. Oxygen
C. Carbon dioxide content
D. Process pH
E. Temperature: A
A. Monoethanolamine (MEA)
B. Diglycolamine (DGA)
C. Diethanolamine (DEA)
D. Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA): D
437.
Which of the following is not a critical factor that
contributes to a brittle fracture?
A. The material's fracture toughness
B. Maximum operating temperature
C. Stress concentration at at flaw
D. Magnitude of the residual stresses: B
A. Carbon steel
B. Low alloy steel
C. Stainless steel
D. None of the above: C
436.
Which of the following does not increase the likelihood of
atmospheric corrosion?
A. Bird poop
B. Increasing annual rainfalls
C. Locations where moisture
D. Increasing operating pressures
E. Increasing amounts of airborne contaminates: D
A. Non-normalized carbon steel
B. Normalized carbon steel
C. Stainless Steel
D. Titanium: C
435.
Which of the following can be affected by 885°F
Embrittlement?
A. 410 SS
B. 430 SS
C. 308 SS
D. Alloy 2205
E. A,B and D: E
A. Carbon steel
B. 400 Series SS
C. 300 Series SS
D. Low alloy steel: B
434.
Which of the following are susceptible to thermal fatigue?
A. SA-516-70
B. SA-182 Gr B
C. SA-53 Gr B
D. All of the above: D
Which if the following materials are subject to mechanical
fatigue?
A. Carbon steels
B. Stainless steels
C. Low alloy steels
D. All of the above: D
433.
439.
Which of the following is not a method used to prevent
brittle fracture?
A. Thorough inspections
B. Strict controls on selecting construction materials
C. Post weld heat treatment
D. Controlling minimum operating temperatures: A
A. Carbon steel
B. 300 Series SS
C. 400 Series SS
D. All of the above: D
33 / 37
446.
Which of the following is not a primary factor contributing
to erosion-corrosion?
453.
A. Impact angle (angle that impacting particles strike metal)
B. Tensile strength of the metal
C. Velocity of impacting particles
D. Corrosiveness of the environment.: B
447.
Which of the following is not a prime candidate for thermal
fatigue?
448.
455.
Which of the following is not primary factor contributing to
erosion?
450.
451.
Which of the following materials are susceptible to
nitriding?
A. Carbon Steel
B. 300 Series SS
C. 400 Series SS
D. All of the above: D
Which of the following materials is least affected by
atmospheric corrosion?
A. Carbon steel
B. Chromes
C. Stainless steels
D. Copper alloyed with alumimum: C
457.
Which of the following materials is least effected by brittle
fracture?
A. Carbon Steel
B. Chromes
C. 300 Series stainless steels
D. 400 Series stainless steel
E. All Stainless steels: C
458.
Which of the following materials are generally not suitable
for HF service?
A. 300 Series SS
B. Carbon Steel
C. 400 Series SS
D. Both A and C: D
452.
456.
Which of the following materials are affected by
mechanical fatigue cracking?
A. Only carbon steel
B. Only carbon steel and chromes
C. Only carbon steel and high nickel alloys
D. All materials: B
Which of the following materials is affected by high
temperature corrosion?
A. Carbon Steel
B. 300 Series SS
C. 400 Series SS
D. All of the above: D
Which of the following is not primary initiating point for
thermal fatigue?
A. Notches
B. Rounded pits
C. Nozzle-to-shell welds
D. Weld toes: B
Which of the following materials are the least susceptible
to caustic embrittlement?
A. Carbon steel
B. Stainless steel
C. 9Cr-0.5Mo
D. Nickel base alloys: D
A. Impact angle (angle that impacting particles strike metal)
B. Size if impacting particles
C. Velocity of impacting particles
D. Density of impacting particles
E. Corrosiveness of the environment.: E
449.
A. 300 Series SS
B. Alloy 600
C. Alloy 800
D. All of the above: D
454.
A. Coke drums
B. Steam actuated soot blowers
C. Mix points of hot and cold streams
D. 600 psig steam piping
E. Welds joining materials having different coefficients of
expansion: D
Which of the following materials are susceptible to
polythionic acid SCC?
Which of the following materials is not susceptible to CI
SCC?
A. 400 Series SS
B. Duplex SS
C. Nickel based alloys
D. All of the above: A
459.
Which of the following materials is not susceptible to high
temperature hydrogen attack?
A. 300 Series SS
B. 5Cr-1Mo
C. 9Cr-1Mo
D. All of the above: D
34 / 37
460.
Which of the following materials is not susceptible to SCC?
468.
A. Carbon steel
B. 300 Series SS
C. Low alloy steel
D. Both A and C: D
461.
Which of the following materials is susceptible to
carburization?
A. Carbon Steel
B. 9Cr-1Mo
C. 316 SS
D. Both A and B: C
469.
A. Low alloy steels
B. 300 Series SS
C. 400 Series SS
D. All of the above: D
462.
Which of the following materials is susceptible to CO²
corrosion?
A. Carbon steel
B. Stainless steel
C. Duplex stainless steel
D. Both B and C: A
463.
464.
465.
470.
471.
Which of these materials exhibit an endurance limit below
which fatigue cracking will not occur?
A. Carbon Steel
B. 300 Series SS
C. 400 Series SS
D. None of the above: A
Which of the following metals is the most anodic?
Which of these materials is not susceptible to amine
cracking?
A. Zinc
B. Carbon Steel
C. Nickel
D. Monel: A
A. Carbon steel
B. 300 Series SS
C. 400 Series SS
D. Both B and C: D
Which of the methods are effective for finding thermal
fatigue cracks?
472.
473.
Which of these cast irons are not susceptible to graphitic
corrosion?
474.
With 885°F embrittlement, increasing amounts of _______
increase susceptibility to damage when operating in the
high temperature range of concern.
A. Chromium
B. Hardness
C. Ferrite
D. Hydrogen: C
Which of these materials are not susceptible to PASCC?
475.
A. Carbon steel
B. 300 Series SS
C. 400 Series SS
D. Both A and C: D
Which of these materials is susceptible to 885°F
embrittlement?
A. 400 Series SS
B. Duplex SS
C. 5Cr-1Mo
D. Both A and B: D
A. Gray cast iron
B. Black cast iron
C. White cast iron
D. None of the above: C
467.
Which of these materials are susceptible to creep damage?
A. Carbon Steel
B. Stainless Steel
C. Low alloy steel
D. All of the above: D
A. MT
B. PT
C. VT
D. All of the above: D
466.
Which of these materials are susceptible to brittle fracture?
A. Carbon steels
B. Low alloy steels
C. 400 Series SS
D. All of the above: D
Which of the following materials is susceptible to sigma
phase embrittlement?
A. Carbon Steel
B. Low alloy
C. 300 Series SS
D. Both A and B: C
Which of these materials are not susceptible to
Spheroidization?
With ammonia stress corrosion cracking weld hardness
should not exceed _______ BHN.
A. 237
B. 225
C. 235
D. 218: B
35 / 37
476.
With chloride stress corrosion cracking, ___________
temperatures ____________ the susceptibility for cracking.
483.
A. Decreasing, Increases
B. Increasing, Increases
C. Increasing, Decreases
D. Decreasing, Eliminates: B
477.
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Maintains
D. Elimanates: A
With CI SCC, _________ levels of chloride _______ the likelihood
of cracking.
484.
A. Decreasing, Increases
B. Increasing, Decreases
C. Increasing, Increases
D. Increasing, Eliminates: C
478.
With CO² corrosion, increasing temperature ________
corrosion rates up to the point where CO² is vaporized.
485.
With cooling water corrosion, _________ oxygen content
tends to _______ carbon steel corrosion rates.
486.
487.
488.
With sour water corrosion, at a given pressure, the H²S
concentration in the sour water _________ as temperatures
__________.
A. Increases, increases
B. Decreases, decreases
C. Increases, decreases
D. Decreases, increases: D
With decarburization, the decarburized layer will be free of
carbide phases. Carbon steel will be _________.
A. Annealed
B. Quenched
C. Pure Iron
D. None of the above: C
With short term overheating, time to failure will __________ as
internal pressures or loading decrease.
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Remain the same
D. None of the above: A
With CUI, corrosion rates ________ with increasing metal
temperatures up to the point where the water evaporates
quickly.
A. Decrease
B. Increase
C. Stay the same
D. None of the above: B
482.
With hydrofluoric acid corrosion, corrosion rates increase
with ________ temperatures and ________ HF concentrations.
A. Increasing, decreasing
B. Decreasing, increasing
C. Increasing, increasing
D. Decreasing, decreasing: A
With creep, increased stress due to loss in thickness from
corrosion will _________ time to failure.
A. Increase
B. Reduce
C. Not affect
D. None of the above: B
481.
With high temperature sulfide corrosion (sulfidization),
noticeable increases may be found downstream of ________
injection points.
A. Hydrogen
B. Caustic
C. Ammonia
D. Water: A
A. Increasing, increase
B. Decreasing, decrease
C. Decreasing, increase
D. Increasing, decrease: A
480.
With high temperature hydrogen attack, ________ using a
combination of velocity ratio and backscatter have been
the most successful in finding cracking.
A. MT
B. UT
C. RT
D. EC: B
A. Decrease
B. Increase
C. Eliminate
D. None of the above: B
479.
With HF acid corrosion, oxygen contamination __________ the
corrosion rate of carbon steel and promotes accelerated
corrosion and SCC of Alloy 400.
489.
With sour water corrosion, corrosion increase with __________
NH4HS concentration and _________ velocity.
A. Increasing, decreasing
B. Increasing, increasing
C. Decreasing, Decreasing
D. Decreasing, increasing: B
36 / 37
490.
With sour water corrosion, streams with a pH below ________
indicate the presence of a strong acid.
497.
A. 7.0
B. 5.5
C. 6.0
D. 4.5: D
491.
A. Increasing, decreasing
B. Increasing, increasing
C. Decreasing, decreasing
D. Decreasing, Increasing: B
With steam blanketing, failure occurs as a result of _______ in
the tube from the internal steam pressure at the elevated
temperature.
498.
A. Stress risers
B. Velocity
C. Hoop stress
D. Tensile strength: C
492.
With thermal fatigue, time to failure is a function of the
magnitude of stress and the number of cycles and
decreases with _________ stress and _________ cycles.
With very few exceptions, cooling water should always be
on the ______ side to minimize stagnant areas.
A. Tube
B. Shell
C. Inlet
D. Outlet: A
With sulfidation, the presence of oxygen _________ corrosion.
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Has not effect on
D. Stops: A
493.
With sulfuric acid corrosion, alloys such as Alloy 20 resist
dilute corrosion and form a protective _________ film on the
surface.
A. Sulfide
B. Chloride
C. Iron sulfate
D. Iron oxide: C
494.
With sulfuric acid corrosion, carbon steel corrosion rates
increases significantly if the flow velocity exceeds about
___________ fps or at acid concentrations below ________.
A. 6-9, 80%
B. 5-7, 75%
C. 2-3, 65%
D. 4-6, 85%: C
495.
With sulfuric acid corrosion, mix points with _______ cause
heat to be released and high corrosion rates can occur
where the acid becomes diluted.
A. Water
B. Hydrogen
C. H²S
D. Caustic: A
496.
With sulfuric acid corrosion, the presence of oxidizers can
_______ the corrosion rate.
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Stabilize
D. Eliminate: A
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37 / 37
API 570
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
ALL QUESTIONS ARE CLOSED BOOK
1)
API 570 covers inspection, repair alteration, and re-rating procedures for metallic
piping systems that __________.
a)
c)
2)
b)
should
c)
may
d)
can
Raw, intermediate, and finished petroleum products
Water, steam condensate, boiler feed water
Raw, intermediate, and finished chemical products
Hydrogen, natural gas, fuel gas, and flare systems
Water
Steam
b)
d)
Catalyst lines
Boiler feed water
The __________ shall be responsible to the owner-user for determining that the
requirements of API 570 for inspection, examination, and testing are met.
a)
c)
7)
shall not
Some of the classes of piping systems that are excluded or optional for coverage
under API 570 are listed below. Which one is a mandatory included class ?
a)
c)
6)
It shall be used for all piping systems.
It may be used, where practical, for any piping system.
It can be used, where necessary, for steam piping.
It may not be used unless agreed to by all parties.
API 570 applies to piping systems for process fluids, hydrocarbons, and similar
flammable or toxic fluid services. Which of the following services is not specifically
applicable ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
5)
does not fall under ASTM B31.3
has not been tested.
API 570 __________ be used as a substitute for the original construction
requirements governing a piping system before it is placed in-service.
a)
4)
b)
d)
API 570 was developed for the petroleum refining and chemical process industries.
a)
b)
c)
d)
3)
are being fabricated.
have been in-service.
Piping Engineer
Repair Organisation
b)
d)
Inspector
Operating Personnel
Who is responsible for the control of piping system inspection programs, inspection
frequencies and maintenance of piping ?
a)
c)
Authorised Piping Inspector
Jurisdiction
b)
d)
Owner-user
Contractor
8)
An authorised piping inspector shall have the following qualifications. Pick the one
that does not belong in this list :a)
b)
c)
d)
9)
Risk based inspections include which of the following :a)
b)
c)
d)
10)
b)
d)
Injection points
Environmental cracking
the focal point of an inspection circuit
separate inspection circuits
piping that must be renewed on a regular schedule
locations where corrosion inhibitors must be used
The recommended upstream limit of inspection of an injection point is a minimum of
a)
b)
c)
d)
14)
Rectifier performance
Deadlegs
Injection points subject to accelerated or localised corrosion may be treated
as __________
a)
b)
c)
d)
13)
The degradation methods are identified
The RBI is fully documented.
A third party conducts the RBI
Both A and B above
Which one of the following is not a specific type of an area of deterioration ?
a)
c)
12)
Likelihood assessment
Consequence analysis
Operating and inspection histories
All of the above
An RBI assessment can be used to alter the inspection strategy provided :a)
b)
c)
d)
11)
Four years of experience inspecting in-service piping systems
High school education plus 3 years of experience in the design, construction,
repair, operation, or inspection of piping systems
Two year certificate in engineering or technology plus 2 years of experience in
the design, construction, repair, operation, or inspection of piping systems.
Degree in engineering plus one year experience in the design, construction,
repair, operation, or inspection of piping systems.
12 feet or 3 pipe lengths whichever is smaller
12 inches or 3 pipe diameters whichever is smaller
12 inches or 3 pipe diameters whichever is greater
12 feet or 3 pipe lengths which is greater
The recommended downstream limit of inspection of an injection point is a minimum
of
a)
second change in flow direction past the injection point, or 25 feet beyond the
first change in flow direction whichever is less
b)
c)
d)
15)
Select thickness measurement locations (TMLs) within injection point circuits
subjected to localised corrosion according to the following guidelines. Select the one
that does not belong
a)
b)
c)
d)
16)
10 inches, 20
12 inches, 10
b)
d)
12 feet, 10
10 feet, 10
Why should deadlegs in piping be inspected ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
19)
Radiography and / or ulstraonics
Hammer test and / or radiograph
Ultrasonics and / or liquid penetrant
Liquid penetrant and / or eddy current.
During periodic scheduled inspections, more extensive inspection should be applied
to an area beginning __________ upstream of the injection nozzle and continuing for
atleast __________ pipe diameters downstream of the injection point.
a)
c)
18)
Establish TMLs on appropriate fittings within the injection point circuit
Establish atleast one TML at a location atleast 25 feet beyond the downstream
limit of the injection point
Establish TMLs on the pipe wall at location of expected pipe wall
impingement or injected fluid
Establish TMLs at both the upstream and downstream limits of the injection
point circuit.
What are the preferred methods of inspecting injection points ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
17)
second change in flow direction past the injection point, or 25 feet beyond the
first change in flow direction whichever is greater
second change in flow direction past the injection point, or 25 inches beyond
the first change in flow direction whichever is less
second change in flow direction past the injection point, or 25 inches beyond
the first change in flow direction whichever is greater.
API 510 mandates the inspection of deadlegs
Acid products and debris build up in deadlegs
The corrosion rate in deadlegs can vary significantly from adjacent active
piping.
Caustic products and debris build up in deadlegs.
Both the stagnant end and the connection to an active line of a deadleg should be
monitored. In a hot piping system, why does the high point of a deadleg corrode and
need to be inspected ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
corrosion occurs due to directed currents set up in the deadleg
erosion occurs due to convective currents set up in the deadleg
corrosion occurs due to convective currents set up in the deadleg
erosion occurs due to directed currents et up in the deadleg
20)
What is the best thing to do with deadlegs that are no longer in service ?
a)
c)
21)
b)
c)
d)
c)
d)
Cooler northern continent locations.
Cooler direr, mid-continent locations
Warmer, marine locations
Warmer drier, desert locations
Areas exposed to mist over-spray from cooling water towers.
Carbon steel piping systems that normally operate in-service above 250
degrees but are in intermittent service.
Deadlegs and attachments that protrude from insulated piping and operate at a
different temperature than the temperature of the active line.
Carbon steel piping systems, operating between 250 degrees F and
600 degrees F.
What location is subject to corrosion under insulation and inspection contributes to it?
a)
b)
c)
d)
25)
localised corrosion of non-ferrous metals and chloride stress corrosion
cracking of carbon steel.
localised corrosion of chrome-moly steel and chloride stress corrosion
cracking of ferritic stainless steel.
localised corrosion of carbon steel and chloride stress corrosion cracking of
austenitic stainless steel
localised corrosion of nickel-silicon alloy and caustic stress corrosion of
austenitic stainless steel
Certain areas and types of piping systems are potentially more susceptible to
corrosion under insulation. Which of the items listed is not susceptible to CUI ?
a)
b)
24)
Radiograph often
Remove them
What climatic area may require a very active program for corrosion under insulation ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
23)
b)
d)
What are the most common forms of corrosion under insulatin (CUI).
a)
22)
Ultrasoncally inspect often.
Inspect often
Locations where pipe hangers and other supports exist.
Locations where insulator has been stripped to permit inspection of the piping.
Locations where insulation plugs have been removed to permit piping
thickness measurements.
Locations where there is damaged or missing insulation jacketing.
Soil-to-air (S/A) interfaces for buried piping are a location where localised corrosion
may take place. If the buried part is excavated for inspection, how deep should the
excavation be to determine if there is hidden damage ?
a)
c)
12 to 18 inches
12 to 24 inches
b)
d)
6 to 12 nches
6 to 18 inches
26)
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces of buried piping without cathodic
protection, the inspector look for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has
deteriorated and allowed moisture ingress. If such a condition exists on pipnig
systems over __________ years old, it may be necessary to inspect for corrosion
beneath the surface before resealing the joint.
a)
27)
c)
d)
c)
d)
c)
d)
15
d)
10
Corrosion under insulation in areas exposed to steam vents
Unanticipated acid or caustic carryover from processes into non-alloyed
piping
Corrosion in deadlegs
Corrosion of underground piping at soil-to-air interface where it ingresses or
egresses.
galvanic corrosion of a material where uniform losses occur
removal of surface material by action of numerous impacts of solid or liquid
particles
gradual loss of material by a corrosive medium acting uniformly on the
material surface
pitting on the surface of a material to the extent that a rough uniform loss
occurs
high-velocity and high-turbulence areas
areas where condensation or exposure to wet hydrogen sulphide or carbonates
occur
surface-to-air interfaces f buried piping
areas where gradual loss of material occurs because of a corrosive medium
Environmental cracking of austenite stainless steels is caused many times by :a)
b)
c)
d)
31)
c)
A combination of corrosion and erosion results in significantly greater metal loss that
can be expected from corrosion or erosion alone. This type of loss occurs at
a)
b)
30)
5
Erosion can be defined as :a)
b)
29)
b)
An example of service-specific and localised corrosion is :a)
b)
28)
8
exposing areas to high-velocity and high-turbulence streams
excessive cyclic stresses that are often very low
exposure to chlorides from salt water, wash-up water, etc.
creep of the material by long time exposure to high temperature and stress
When the inspector suspects or is advised that specific piping circuits may be
susceptible to environmental cracking, the inspector should :a)
b)
c)
d)
call in a piping engineer for consultation
investigate the history of the piping circuit
obtain advise from a Metallurgical Engineer
schedule supplemental inspections.
32)
If environmental cracking is detected during internal inspection of pressure vessels,
what should the inspector do ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
33)
If external or internal coatings or refractory liners on a piping circuit are in good
condition, what should an inspector do ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
34)
b)
c)
d)
Determine whether such deposits have active corrosion beneath them. If
corrosion is present, thorough inspection in selected areas may be required.
The coke deposits should be removed from the area for inspection.
The coke deposits may be ignored – the deposits will probably protect the line
from corrosion.
Consult with a Process Engineer and a Metallurgist on the necessity of
removing the coke deposits.
Fatigue cracking of piping systems may result from
a)
b)
c)
d)
36)
After inspection, select a portion of the liner for removal
The entire liner should be removed for inspection
Selected portions of the liner should be removed for inspection
After inspection, if any separation, breaks, holes or blisters are found, it may
be necessary to remove portions of the lining to determine the condition under
it.
What course of action should be followed it a coating of coke is found on the interior
of a large pipe of a reactor on a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit ?
a)
35)
The inspector should designate appropriate piping spools upstream and
downstream of the vessel to be inspected if piping is susceptible to
environmental cracking.
The inspector should consult with a metallurgical engineer to determine extent
of the problems
The inspector should review history of adjacent piping to determine if it has
ever been affected.
The inspector should consult with a piping engineer to determine the extent of
the problems.
embrittlement of the metal due to it operating below its transition temperature
erosion or corrosion / erosion that thin the piping where it cracks
excessive cyclic stresses that are often well below the static yield strength of
the material
environmental cracking caused by stress corrosion due to the presence of
caustic, amine, or other substance.
Where can fatigue cracking typically be first detected ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
At points of low-stress intensification such as reinforced nozzles
At points of high-stress intensification such as branch connections
At points where cyclic stresses are very low
At points where there are only bending or compressive stresses.
37)
What are the preferred NDE methods for detecting fatigue cracking ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
38)
Creep is dependent on :a)
b)
c)
d)
39)
900
c)
1000
d)
1200
140 degree
b)
ambient
c)
100 degree
d)
30 degree
expansion of these materials;
construction of these materials;
b)
d)
contraction of these materials
decrease of these materials
Different types of inspection and surveillance are appropriate depending on the
circumstances and the piping system. Pick the one that does not belong in the
following list :a)
b)
c)
d)
43)
b)
Water and aqueous solutions in piping systems may freeze and cause failure because
of the
a)
c)
42)
500
Brittle fracture can occur in carbon, low-alloy and other ferritic steels at or
below __________
a)
41)
time, temperature, and stress
material, product contained, and stress
temperature, corrosive medium, and load
time, product contained and load
An example of where creep cracking has been experienced in the industry is in the
problems experienced with cracking of 1.25 % Chrome steels operating at
temperatures above __________ degrees F
a)
40)
Eddy current testing ultrasonic A-scan testing, and / or possibly hammer
testing
Liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing and / or possibly acoustic
emission testing.
Visual testing, eddy current testing and / or possibly ultrasonic testing
Acoustic emission testing, hydro-testing, and / or possibly ultrasonic testing.
internal and external visual inspection
thickness measurement inspection
vibrating piping inspection
chemical analysis inspection
Internal visual inspections are __________ on piping unless it is a large diameter
transfer line, duct, catalyst line or other large diameter piping system.
a)
b)
c)
d)
the most effective inspection
the most useful means of inspection
not normally performed
the major means of inspection
44)
Name an additional opportunity for a normal non-destructive internal inspection of
piping
a)
b)
c)
d)
45)
Why is thickness measurement inspection performed ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
46)
exercised if the piping is in-service
used when determining the course of action
practiced so as not to disturb the supports
taken that a complete record of the problem is made
Qualified operating or maintenance personnel also may conduct external visual
inspections when :a)
b)
c)
d)
49)
The operator or control man
The inspector or examiner
The maintenance workers or supervisor
The Jurisdiction or OSHA
When corrosion product build-up is noted during an external visual inspection at a
pipe support contact area, lifting of such supports may be required for inspection.
When doing this, care should be
a)
b)
c)
d)
48)
To satisfy jurisdictional requirements
To determine the internal condition and remaining thickness of the piping
components
To determine the external condition and amount of deposits inside the piping
To satisfy heat transfer requirements of the piping
Who performs a thickness measurement inspection ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
47)
When the piping fails and the interior is revealed
When maintenance asks for an internal inspection
When piping flanges are disconnected
When a fire occurs and the pipe is in the fire
satisfactory to the owner-user
acceptable to the inspector
agreeable to the maintenance supervisor
permissible to the operation supervisor
Who would normally report vibrating or swaying piping to engineering or inspection
personnel ?
a)
c)
Operating personnel
Jurisdictional personnel
b)
d)
Maintenance personnel
OSHA personnel
50)
Thermography is used to check for :a)
b)
c)
d)
51)
Thickness measurement locations (TMLs) are specific __________ along the piping
circuit where inspections are to be made
a)
52)
items
d)
junctures
electromagnetic techniques
ultrasonic scanning or radiography
hammer testing
MT and / or PT
two quadrants
four quadrants
b)
d)
three locations
six points
the outlet end;
the inside and outside radius
b)
d)
the inlet end
the sides
on the inspectors notes
on the piping system
b)
d)
on a computer system
on maintenance department charts
What is taken into account by an experienced inspector when selecting TMLs ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
57)
c)
TMLs should be marked on inspection drawings and __________ to allow repetitive
measurements
a)
c)
56)
areas
Where should special attention be placed when taking thickness measurements of an
elbow ?
a)
c)
55)
b)
Where appropriate, thickness measurements should include measurements at each of
__________ on pipe and fittings
a)
c)
54)
points
The minimum thickness at each TML can be located by
a)
b)
c)
d)
53)
vibrating sections of the piping system
detecting localised corrosion in the piping system
abnormal thermal expansion of piping systems
hot spots in refractory lined piping systems
The amount of corrosion expected
The patterns of corrosion that would be expected
The number and the cost of reading the TMLs
Whether the TMLs are easily accessed
In theory, a piping circuit subject to perfectly uniform corrosion could be adequately
monitored with __________ TMLs
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
58)
More TMLs should be selected for piping systems with any of the following
characteristics :a)
b)
c)
d)
59)
Fewer TMLs can be selected for piping systems with any of the following
characteristics :a)
b)
c)
d)
60)
b)
c)
d)
b)
UT
c)
PT
d)
ET
AE
b)
UT
c)
ET
d)
RT
When ultrasonic thickness measurements are taken above __________ degrees F,
instruments couplants, and procedures should be used that will result in accurate
measurements at the higher temperature
a)
64)
MT
What thickness measuring technique does not require the removal of some external
piping insulation ?
a)
63)
Higher potential for creating a safety or environmental emergency in the event
of a leak.
Low potential for creating a safety or environmental emergency in the event of
a leak.
Extremely low potential for creating a safety of environmental emergency in
the event of a leak.
More complexity in terms of fittings, branches, deadlegs, injection points, etc.
What is usually the most accurate means for obtaining thickness measurements on
installed pipe larger than NPS 1 ?
a)
62)
More complexity in terms of fittings, branches, deadlegs, injection points, etc.
Higher expected or experienced corrosion rates
Long, straight-run piping systems
Higher potential for localised corrosion
TMLs can be eliminated for piping systems with the following characteristics
a)
61)
Low potential for creating a safety or environmental emergency in the event of
a leak.
More complexity in terms of fittings, branches, deadlegs, injection points, etc.
Relatively non-corrosive piping systems
Long, straight-run piping systems
150
b)
175
c)
200
d)
250
Typical digital thickness gages may have trouble measuring thickness less than
__________ inches
a)
0.2188
b)
0.1875
c)
0.1562
d)
0.1250
65)
When pressure testing of piping systems are conducted, they shall be performed in
accordance with the requirements of :a)
c)
66)
c)
jurisdiction
d)
contractor
steam
b)
air
c)
water
d)
hydrocarbon
95
b)
100
c)
110
d)
120
water with a pH of 4
water with a pH of 6
water with a chloride content of less than 400 ppm chlorides
steam condensate
an acidic-water solution
a water with a pH of 5
b)
d)
an alkaline-water solution
a water with a pH of 4
When a pipe requires post weld heat treatment, when should the pressure test be
performed ?
a)
c)
72)
inspector
For sensitised austenitic stainless steel, piping subject to polythionic stress corrosion
cracking, consideration should be given to using __________ for pressure testing
a)
c)
71)
b)
Piping fabricated of or having components of 300 series stainless steel should be
tested with __________
a)
b)
c)
d)
70)
owner-user
If a non-toxic hydrocarbon (flammable) is used as the test medium, the liquid flash
point shall be at least __________ degrees F or greater
a)
69)
ASME B&PV Code, Section VIII
API 510
The preferred medium for a pressure test is __________
a)
68)
b)
d)
If a lower pressure test (lower than prescribed by code) is used only for tightness of
piping systems, the __________ may designate the pressure
a)
67)
ASME B31.3
SA B16.5
During heat treatment
After any heat treatment
b)
d)
Before any heat treatment
No test is required
During a pressure test, where test pressure will exceed the set pressure of the safety
relieve valve or valves on a piping system, the safety relief valve or valves should be
__________ when carrying out the test
a)
b)
c)
d)
altered by screwing down the adjusting screw
reset to exceed the test pressure
checked or tested
removed or blanked
73)
When using block valves to isolate a piping system for pressure test, what precaution
should be taken ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
74)
Several methods may be used to verify that the correct alloy piping is in a system.
Pick the incorrect method from the list below :a)
c)
75)
optical spectrographic analyser
chemical spot checking
elbows
b)
expansion loops
c)
tees
d)
valves
Owner-user
Piping Engineer
b)
d)
Inspector
Metallurgist
If an inspector finds an imperfection in an original fabrication weld and analysis is
required to assess the impact of the weld quality on piping integrity, which of the
following may perform the analysis ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
78)
b)
d)
If environmental cracking is found during in-service inspection of welds, who
assesses the problem ?
a)
c)
77)
holography
X-ray fluorescent analyser
Name a part of a piping system that thickness measurements are not normally
routinely taken
a)
76)
Do not use a globe valve during a test
Make sure the packing gland of the valve is tight
Do not exceed the permissible seat pressure of the valve
Check the bonnet bolts to make sure they are tight
An API 510 inspector, WPS inspector, A Pressure Vessel Engineer
An API 570 inspector, a CWI inspector, a piping engineer
An owner-user, a B31.3 inspector, an industrial engineer
A Jurisdictional representative, a API 574 inspector, a Chemical Engineer
According to API 570, some welds in a piping system that has been subjected to
radiography according to ASME B31.3 :a)
b)
c)
d)
will meet random radiograph requirements and will perform satisfactorily inservice without a hydrofest
will not meet random radiograph requirements, and will not perform
satisfactorily in-service even though hydrotested.
will meet random radiograph requirements, and will not perform satisfactorily
in-service after a hydrotest
will not meet random radiograph requirements, but will still perform
satisfactorily in-service after being hydrotested.
79)
How should fasteners and gaskets be examined to determine whether they meet the
material specifications
a)
b)
c)
d)
80)
When checking flange and valve bonnet bolts for corrosion, what type of NDT is
usually used ?
a)
81)
b)
c)
d)
c)
VT
d)
AE
Disassemble the flange joint; renew the fasteners and gaskets. The flanges
may also require renewal or repair.
Renew all the fasteners and renew the gasket if leakage is still apparent.
Check for leakage at the bolts; if re-pumping is contemplated, affected
fasteners should be renewed.
No action is required since the joint has been pumped with a sealant.
Requirements of jurisdiction and the proximity of population areas
Potential safety and environmental effects should a leak occur
Liability to the owner-user and the requirements of the jurisdiction
Access to the systems for inspection and closeness to population areas
RBI
b)
FFS
c)
BIR
d)
MSOS
(2) An RBI assessment can be used to __________ the inspection interval limits in
Table 1 of API 570 or the extent of the inspection conducted
a)
c)
82)
UT
(1) Inspection strategy based on likelihood and consequence of failure is called
a)
82)
b)
All process piping systems must be categorised into different classes. On what are the
classifications selection based ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
82)
RT
What course of action is called for when an inspector finds a flange joint that has been
clamped and pumped with sealant ?
a)
82)
All fasteners and gaskets should be checked to see if their markings are correct
according to ASME and ASTM standards
A representative sample of the fasteners and gaskets should be checked to see
if their markings are correct according to ASME and ASTM standards
Purchase records of all fasteners and gaskets should be checked to see if the
fasteners and gaskets meet ASME and ASTM standards
A representative sample of the purchase records of fasteners and gaskets
should be checked to see if the fasteners and gaskets meet ASME and ASTM
standards.
increase
either a or b above
b)
d)
decrease
none of the above
(3) When an RBI assessment is used to increase or decrease inspection intervals, the
assessment shall be conducted on Class 1 systems at a maximum interval of
__________ years
a)
5
b)
10
c)
15
d)
3
83)
Listed below are several examples of a CLASS 1 piping system. Which one does not
belong ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
84)
Anhydrous hydrogen chloride;
Hydrofluoric acid
Piping over or adjacent to water and piping over public throughways
Distillate and product lines to and from storage and loading
Of the three classification of piping systems, which includes the majority of unit
processes and selected off-site piping ?
a)
c)
Class 3
Class 1
b)
d)
Combination of classes 1 and 2
Class 2
85)
Class 3 piping is described as being in services
a)
with the highest potential of resulting in an immediate emergency if a leak
occurs
b)
that are flammable but do not significantly vaporise when they leak and are
not located in high-activity areas
c)
that are not flammable and pose no significant risk to populated areas
d)
that are not in classes 1 and 2.
86)
Who establishes inspection interval for thickness measurements, external visual
inspections and for internal and supplemental inspections ?
a)
c)
87)
b)
d)
Owner-user or the inspector
Piping engineer and the jurisdiction
Thickness measurement inspection should be scheduled based on the calculation of
not more than
a)
b)
c)
d)
88)
Piping engineer;
Chemical Engineer
one half the remaining life determined from corrosion rates or t he maximum
interval of 5 years whichever is shorter.
one half the remaining life determined from corrosion rates or the maximum
interval allowed by API 570 in Table 1, whichever is shorter
one fourth the remaining life determined from corrosion rates or the maximum
interval of 10 years whichever is shorter.
one quarter the remaining life determined from corrosion rates or the
maximum interval allowed by API 570 in Table 1, whichever is shorter.
For external inspections for potential corrosion under insulation (CUI) on Class 1
systems, the examination should include atleast __________ percent of all
suspect areas and __________ percent of all areas of damaged insulation
a)
50, 75
b)
50, 33
c)
75, 50
d)
25, 10
89)
Piping systems that are known to have a remaining life of over __________ years or
that are protected against external corrosion need not have insulation removed for teh
periodic external inspection
a)
90)
5
d)
20
50
b)
30
c)
10
d)
0
75 % of damaged areas, 50 % of suspect areas
50 % of suspect areas, 33 % of damaged areas
33 % of damaged areas, 50 % of suspect areas
none of the above
where corrosion has been experienced
at the option of the inspector
to the same requirements as primary process piping
only if it has dead legs
Inspection of small bore piping (SBP) that is secondary and auxiliary (associated with
instruments and machinery) is
a)
b)
c)
d)
94)
c)
Small bore piping (SBP) that is Class I shall be inspected
a)
b)
c)
d)
93)
15
For Class 2 piping, the extent of CUI inspections on a system operating at – 45oF will
be
a)
b)
c)
d)
92)
b)
For Class 3 piping systems, the examination for corrosion under insulation (CUI)
should include atleast __________ percent of all suspect areas
a)
91)
10
only required where corrosion has been experienced
optional
only if it has dead legs
only if it is threaded
If an inspector finds threaded small bore piping (SBP) associated with machinery and
subject to fatigue damage, he should :a)
b)
c)
d)
plan periodically to assess it and consider it for possible renewal with a thicker
wall or upgrade it to welded components.
inspect it only if it is corroded and the class of service requires an inspection.
call for dismantling the threaded joints for close inspection to determine if any
cracks are in the roots of the threads.
have all the threaded piping renewed at each inspection period.
95)
An eight-inch diameter piping system is installed in December 1979. The installed
thickness if measured as 0.34". The minimum thickness of the pipe is 0.20". It is
inspected 12/83 and the thickness is found to be 0.32". An inspection 12/87 reveals a
loss of 0.01" from the 12/85 inspection. During 12/89 the thickness was found to be
0.29". The last inspection was during 12/95 and the thickness was found to be 0.26".
What is the long-term corrosion rate of this system ?
a)
c)
96)
0.005"/year
0.00375"/year
b)
d)
0.0075"/year
0.0025"/year
18 years
b)
15 years
c)
12 years
d)
6 years
You have a new piping system that has just been installed. It is completely new and
no information exists to establish a corrosion rate. Also, information is no available
on a similar system. You decide to put the system in service and NDT it later to
determine the corrosion rate. How long do you allow the system to stay in service
before you take your first thickness readings ?
a)
99)
0.0075"/year
0.0025"/year
Using the information in questions 95 and 96, determine the remaining life of the
system
a)
98)
b)
d)
Using the information in question 95, calculate the short-term corrosion rate
a)
c)
97)
0.005"/year
0.00375"/year
1 month
b)
3 months
c)
6 months
d)
12 months
After an inspection interval is completed and if calculations indicate that an inaccurate
rate of corrosion has been assumed in a piping system, how do you determine the
corrosion rate for the next inspection period ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Check the original calculations to find out what the error is in the original
assumption.
Unless the corrosion rate is higher, the initial rates shall be used.
The corrosion rate shall be adjusted to agree with the actual rate found.
If the corrosion rate is higher than originally assumed, call in a corrosion
specialist.
100)
If a piping system is made up of unknown materials and computations must be made
to determine the minimum thickness of the pipe, what can the inspector or the piping
engineer do t establish the minimum thickness ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
101)
A piping engineer is designing a piping service with high potential consequences if a
failure occurs, i.e. a 350 psi natural gas line adjacent to a high density population area.
What should he consider doing for unanticipated situations ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
102)
Have all his calculations checked twice.
Increase the required minimum thickness.
Notify the owner-user and the jurisdiction.
Set up an emergency evacuation procedure.
When evaluating locally thinned areas, the surface of the weld includes __________
on either side of the weld or __________ times the minimum measured thickness on
either side of the weld, whichever is greater.
a)
103)
The lowest grade material and joint efficiency in the applicable code may be
assumed for calculations.
Samples must be taken from the piping and testing for maximum tensile stress
and yield strength will determine the allowable stress to be used.
The piping made of the unknown material must be removed from service and
current piping of known material must be installed.
The piping of unknown material may be subjected to a hydrostatic stress tests
while having strain gages on it to determine its yield strength and thus
allowable stress.
0.5", 3
b)
1", 2
c)
2", 1
d)
1.5", 1.5
An inspector finds a thin area in a fabricated 24" diameter pipe. The thin area
includes a longitudinal weld in the pipe and is 10 feet long and 2 foot
circumferentially. Calculations show that with 0.85 joint factor, the pipe must be
repaired, renewed, etc. or the pressure in the pipe must be lowered. The owner does
not want to do any hot work on the pipe and he does not wish to lower the pressure.
What other course could you follow ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Write the results of the inspection up and leave it with the owner.
Radiograph the weld 100 % and increase the joint factor to one.
Insist that the weld be repaired or renewed or that the pressure be lowered.
Call in a regulator agency to force the owner to repair, renew, etc. the line.
104)
Piping stress analysis is done during the system's original design. How can the
inspector make use of stress analysis information ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
105)
You are inspecting a piping system. You find a significant loss of material (a major
increase of corrosion rate) in gas oil piping (used as reboiler oil, temperature
500 degrees F) on a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit. What is the best course of action
for you to take ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
106)
b)
owner-user
c)
jurisdiction
d)
examiner
ASME B31.3
API 574
b)
d)
API 570
ASME B&PV code
Repair and alteration work must be done by a repair organisation as defined in API
570 and must be authorised by the __________ prior to its commencement
a)
109)
inspector
When making repairs and alterations to piping systems, the principles of __________
or the code to which the piping system was built shall be followed :a)
c)
108)
The losses may be reported to your supervisor for corrective response
The losses should be recorded and reported in your final report after the unit
has started.
It shall be reported to the owner-user for appropriate action.
Replace excessively thin piping and note replacement in the final report after
unit start-up.
The __________ shall maintain appropriate permanent and progressive records of
each piping system covered by API 570.
a)
107)
An inspector cannot use this information. It is only meaningful to a piping
engineer.
It can be used to make sure the piping system was originally evaluated and
designed correctly.
It can be used to concentrate inspection efforts at locations most prone to
fatigue or creep damage, and to solve vibration problems.
The inspector should use this information to evaluate the need for conducting
additional piping stress analysis.
jurisdiction
b)
inspector
c)
owner-user
d)
examiner
Authorisation for alteration work to a piping system may be given by the inspector
after :a)
b)
c)
d)
notifying the jurisdiction and getting their approval
consulting API 570 and getting the approval of the owner-user
consultation with and approval by a piping engineer
discussing with and consent by an examiner
110)
A repair procedure involving welding requires that the root pass of the weld be
inspected before continuing the weld. A "hold" on the repair is required at this point.
Who designates this "hold?"
a)
c)
111)
The jurisdiction or the piping engineer as appropriate
The analyst and the operator as appropriate
The examiner and the piping programmer as appropriate
The inspector or the piping engineer as appropriate
owner-user
b)
jurisdiction
c)
examiner
d)
analyst
An inspector finds a crack in the parent metal of a pipe adjacent to a support lug. The
pipe was being inspected after a 5 year run. Before repairing, he should :a)
b)
c)
d)
115)
major repairs and minor procedures
limited or routine repairs and procedures
alterations and re-ratings
minor re-ratings and alterations
Who must give approval for any on-stream welding ?
a)
114)
The owner-user
The welder supervisor
Who approves all proposed methods of design, execution, materials, welding
procedures, examination and testing of in-service piping ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
113)
b)
d)
What type of repairs and procedures may the inspector give prior general
authorisation to continue (provided the inspector is satisfied with the competency of
the repair organisaton ) ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
112)
A metallurgist
An API 570 inspector
Notify the jurisdiction prior to the start of any repairs
Write a detailed procedure for the repair organisations use in repairing the
crack
Consult with the piping engineer to identify and correct the cause of the crack.
Consult with a metallurgist prior to writing a procedure to repair the crack.
A full encirclement welded split sleeve designed by a piping engineer may be applied
over a damaged or corroded area of a pipe. This is considered a temporary repair.
When should a permanent repair be made ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
If the owner-user designates the welded split sleeve as permanent, it may
remain.
A full encirclement welded split sleeve is permanent if okayed by the
inspector.
A full encirclement welded split sleeve is considered a permanent repair.
A permanent repair must be made at the next available maintenance
opportunity.
116)
What type of defect, corrosion, pitting and / or discontinuity should not be repaired by
a full encirclement welded split sleeve ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
117)
If a repair area is localised (for example, pitting or pin-holes) and the specified
minimum yield strength (SMYS) of the pipe is not more than __________ psi, a
temporary repair may be made by fillet welding a properly designed plate patch over
the pitted area :a)
118)
c)
40,000 psi
d)
36,000 psi
0.375"
b)
0.50"
c)
0.75"
d)
1"
the use of plastic steel to seal off the leak
driving a wooden plug into the hole
screwing a self tapping screw into the hole
the installation of a properly designed and fabricated bolted leak clamp
as soon as the piping system can be safely removed from service
at a turnaround or other appropriate time
when the leak seal and leak dissipating device ceases to work
as soon as possible – must be done on a safe, emergency shut-down basis
Which of the following is NOT an item for consideration by an inspector when a leak
sealing fluid ("pumping") is used for a temporary leak seal repair :a)
b)
c)
d)
122)
55,000 psi
Temporary leak sealing and leak dissipating devices shall be removed and the pipe
restored to original integrity :a)
b)
c)
d)
121)
b)
An inspector finds a pin-hole leak in a weld during an on-stream inspection of a
piping system. A permissible temporary repair is :a)
b)
c)
d)
120)
30,000 psi
Insert patches (flush patches may be used to repair damaged or corroded areas of pipe
if several requirements are met. One of these is that an insert patch (flush patch) may
be of any shape but it shall have rounded corners with __________ minimum radii.
a)
119)
A longitudinal check
A circumferential crack
Pits that are one half through wall
General corrosion in the longitudinal direction.
Consider the compatibility of the sealant with the leaking material
Consider the pumping pressure on the clamp (especially when re-pumping)
Consider the pressure testing of the piping in question
Consider the number of times the seal area is re-pumped
Any welding conducted on piping components in operation must be done in
accordance with
a)
c)
NFPA 704
ASME B31.3
b)
d)
API Standard 510
API Publication 2201
123)
All repair and alteration welding to piping systems shall be done in accordance with
the :a)
b)
c)
d)
124)
Welders and welding procedures used in making piping repairs, etc. shall be qualified
in accordance with :a)
b)
c)
d)
125)
150
b)
200
c)
300
d)
350
When u sing local PWHT as a substitute for 360-degree banding on local repairs of
PWHT'd piping, which of the following items is NOT considered
a)
b)
c)
d)
128)
at the end of the job
after the start of welding
following the start of welding
before the start of welding
Preheating to not less than __________ degrees F may be considered as an
alternative to post weld heat treatment for alterations or repairs of P-1, piping initially
post weld heat treated as a code requirement (may not be used if the piping was post
weld heat treated due to environmental cracking prevention).
a)
127)
ASME B31.3 or the code to which the piping was built
NBIC or the system to which the piping was built
NACE or the method to which the piping was built
ASTM or the law to which the piping was built
The repair organisation responsible for welding shall maintain records of welding
procedures and welder performance qualifications. These records shall be available to
the inspector :a)
b)
c)
d)
126)
exact procedures of ASME B31.3 or to the code to which it was built
standards of ASME B31.1 or the code to which it was built
principles of ASME B31.3 or the code to which it was built
ideals of ASME, NBIC, or API standards
The application is reviewed, and a procedure is developed by the piping
engineer
The locally PWHT'd area of the p ipe must be RT'd or UT'd
A preheat of 300oF or higher is maintained while welding
The PWHT is performed for code compliance and not for environmental
cracking
Piping butt joints shall be :a)
c)
double spiral fillet welds
double fillet lap welds
b)
d)
single fillet lap welds
full-penetration groove welds
129)
When should piping components that need repair be replaced ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
130)
Fillet welded patches (lap patches) shall be designed by
a)
c)
131)
b)
d)
right-angle corners
burnished corners
may
b)
shall
c)
should
d)
can
Nominal Pragmatic Sizing (NPS)
safeguards
b)
d)
NBE
Non-destructive examination
NPS
NBE
b)
d)
safety sanctions
a pressure test
When are pressure tests normally required ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
136)
no membrane stresses
rounded corners
After welding is completed on a repair or alteration, __________ in accordance with
API 570 shall be performed if practical and deemed necessary by the inspector
a)
c)
135)
the inspector
the repair organisation
Acceptance of a welded repair or alteration shall include __________ in accordance
with the applicable code and the owner-user's specification, unless otherwise specified
in API 570
a)
c)
134)
b)
d)
Materials used in making welding repairs or alterations __________ be of known
weldable quality :a)
133)
an engineer
the piping engineer
Fillet welded lap patches (overlay patches) shall leave :a)
c)
132)
When enough time remains on a turnaround to allow replacement
When repair is likely to be inadequate
When the cost of repair is as high as renewal
When replacement is preferred by maintenance personnel
Pressure tests are normally required after alterations and any repair
Pressure tests are normally required after alterations and major repairs
Pressure tests are normally required after major and minor repairs
Pressure tests are normally required only as specified by the owner-user
When a pressure test is not necessary or practical, what shall be utilised in lieu of a
pressure test ?
a)
c)
NPS
b)
Vacuum visual examination d)
Non-destructive examination
NBE
137)
Special procedure in place of a pressure test after an alteratino or repair may be done
only after consultation with :a)
b)
c)
d)
137)
Special procedure in place of a pressure test after an alteration or repair may be done
only after consultation with :a)
b)
c)
d)
138)
b)
c)
d)
The closure weld is a full-penetration fillet weld between a weld neck flange
and standard piping component or straight sections of pipe of equal diameter
and thickness, axially aligned, and or equivalent materials. For design cases
upto Class 150 and 500oF, slip-on flanges are acceptable alternates.
MT or PT shall be performed on the root pass and the completed butt weld.
Fillet welds must have PT / MT on the completed weld.
The new or replacement piping is pressure tested.
Any final closure butt weld shall be of 100 % radiographic quality; or anglebeam UT may be used, provide the appropriate acceptance criteria is
established.
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for re-rating a piping system by
changing the temperature or the MAWP :a)
b)
c)
d)
140)
the operators and the repair organisation
the inspector and the piping engineer
the jurisdiction
the examiner and the inspector
When it is not practical to perform a pressure test of a final closure weld that joins a
new or replacement section of piping to an existing system, several requirements shall
be satisfied. Which of the following is NOT one of the requirements :a)
139)
the operations and the repair organisation
the inspector and the piping engineer
the jurisdiction
the examiner and the inspector
The existing pressure relieving devices are still in place and set as they were
originally
Calculations are performed by the piping engineer or the inspector
Piping flexibility is adequate for design temperature changes
A decrease in minimum operating temperature is justified by impact test
results, if required by the applicable code.
Why is the inspector of buried process piping (not regulated by DOT) different from
other process piping inspection ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
The insulating effect of the soil increases the possibility of more internal
combustion
Internal corrosion has to be controlled by cathodic protection
Significant external deterioration can be caused by corrosive soil conditions
Internal corrosion must be controlled by internal coatings.
141)
Indications of leaks in buried piping may include several indications. Which of the
ones listed below is NOTone of the indications ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
142)
Corrosion cells can form on both bare and coated pipe where bare steel contacts the
soil. How can these cells be detected ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
143)
c)
d)
b)
d)
intermittently
frequently
Five diameter bends
Ten diameter bends
b)
d)
90 degree pipe ells
Three diameter bends
How often should above-grade visual surveillance of a buried pipeline right-of-way
be made ?
a)
c)
147)
regularly
erratically
If an "intelligent pigging" system is used to inspect buried piping, what type of bends
are usually required in the piping system ?
a)
c)
146)
show the measurable differences in electrical potential in corroded areas
evaluate coating serviceability for buried piping that has been in-service for
along time.
determine the depth of the piping for resistivity testing
evaluate the cathodic protection components of the under-ground pipe
Cathodically protected buried piping should be monitored __________ to assure
adequate levels of protection
a)
c)
145)
Run an acoustic emission test on the piping
Visually survey the route of buried piping
The potential at the area of corrosion will be measurable different than other
areas and a close-interval potential survey can detect the location of corrosion
Run an internal survey of the piping using a video camera
A pipe coating holiday survey is used to locate coating defects on coated pipes. It can
be used on newly constructed pipe systems to ensure that the coating is intact and
holiday-free. More often, it is used on buried pipe to :a)
b)
144)
A change in the surface contour of the ground.
Water standing on the pipeline right-of-way
Discoloration of the soil
Notice odour
Once a month
Once a year
b)
d)
Approximately 6 month intervals
Once every 3 months
How often should poorly coated pipes with inconsistent cathodic protection potentials
have a pipe-to-soil potential survey made ?
a)
c)
Yearly
Every 5 years
b)
d)
Every 2 years
Every 7 years
148)
On buried piping, what is the frequency of pipe coating holiday surveys ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
149)
For a piping buried in lengths greater than __________ feet and not cathodically
protected, evaluation of soil corrosivity should be performed at 5-year intervals.
a)
150)
b)
c)
d)
c)
100
d)
150
annual
biennial
b)
d)
biannual
trennial
2 to 4
b)
4 to 6
c)
6 to 8
d)
8 to 10
the condition should be noted in the records and the inspection interval
shortened
the complete piping system must be day-lighted (excavated) for repair or
replacement.
the damaged coating or corroded piping must be repaired or replaced
additional piping shall be excavated until the extent of the condition is
identified.
If buried piping is contained inside a casing pipe, the casing should be :a)
b)
c)
d)
154)
75
After excavation of buried piping, if inspection reveals damaged coating or corroded
piping :
a)
153)
b)
Buried piping inspected periodically by excavation shall be inspected in lengths of
__________ feet at one or more locations judged to be most susceptible to corrosion
a)
152)
50
If buried piping is cathodically protected, the system should be monitored at intervals
in accordance with Section 10 of NACE RP0169 or Section 90 of API RP 651.
API RP 651 specifies __________ interval.
a)
c)
151)
The frequency is governed by the leak test interval of the pipe
It is usually based on indications that other forms of corrosion control are
ineffective.
Surveys are normally made every 5 years
Pipe coating holiday surveys are made when the pipe is excavated.
capable of carrying the same pressure as the product pipe
checked to see if its protective coating is intact and serviceable
pressure tested to make sure it is serviceable
inspected to determine if water and / or soil has entered the casing
An alternative or supplement to inspection of buried piping is leak testing with liquid
at a pressure at least __________ % greater than the maximum operating pressure at
intervals ½ the length of those shown in Table 9-1 of API 570 for piping NOT
cathodically protected and at the same intervals as shown in Table 9-1 for
cathodically protected piping
a)
5
b)
10
c)
25
d)
50
155)
The leak test for buried piping should be for a period of __________ hours.
a)
156)
4
b)
8
c)
12
d)
24
The leak test for a 8" diameter buried piping system is 300 psi. After 7 hours, the
pressure reacts 273 psi. What should the inspector do ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Nothing is required. The loss of pressure is negligible and will not affect the
test. The loss can be disregarded.
The system should be re-pressurised to the original leak test pressure and the
test should begin again.
The test charts and the temperature should be reviewed to determine if any
change in temperature caused the pressure drop.
The piping should be visually inspected externally and / or inspected internally
to find the leak and assess the extent of corrosion.
157)
A buried piping system that is not cathodically protected has to have an inspection
interval set. The soil resistivity is checked and found to be 3400 ohm/cm. As the
inspector, what interval would you set ?
a)
2.5 years
b)
7.5 years
c)
5 years
d)
10 years
158)
Buried piping also may be surveyed for integrity by removing the line from service
and performing a leak test. This inspection method typically involves pressurising the
line with a __________, allowing time for the __________ to diffuse to the surface
and surveying the buried line with a gas-specific detector to detect the __________
a)
b)
c)
d)
159)
Repairs to coating on buried piping may be tested using
a)
b)
c)
d)
160)
tracer gas (such as helium or sulphur hexafluoride)
light hydrocarbon (such as butane)
smoke type material (such as chemical smoke)
water vapour (such as steam)
a low-voltage holiday detector
light taps with an inspection hammer
a flaw indicator fluid
a high-voltage holiday detector
If buried piping leaks are clamped and reburied :a)
b)
c)
d)
no further action is required unless the piping leaks again
the date of installation shall be marked on the clamp for future identification
a record of the location and the date of installation shall be maintained
the clamped line shall be leak tested.
161)
A 10" diameter piping system with 4" diameter and 6" diameter reinforced branch
connections is to have changes made to it. Which of the following is considered an
alteration ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
162)
Which of the following would not be classified as an applicable code to which a
piping system was built ?
a)
c)
163)
An owner-user inspector.
An NDE examiner
b)
d)
A jurisdictional inspector
An insurance inspector
control valve manifolds
pump seal oil lines
b)
d)
bypass lines around exchangers
orifice runs
control unit inspector
corrected unobtrusive inserts
b)
d)
corrosion under insulation
corroded underground installation
Deadlegs legs of a piping system are :a)
b)
c)
d)
168)
Jurisdictional inspection organisation
Owner-user inspection organisation
ASTM inspection organisation
Independent inspection organisation
CUI stands for :a)
c)
167)
ASME B31.1
ASTM A-20
Which of the following qualifies as auxiliary piping ?
a)
c)
166)
b)
d)
An authorised piping inspector is an employee of an authorised inspection agency
who is qualified to perform the functions specified in API 570. Which individual
listed below is not usually an authorised piping inspector.
a)
c)
165)
ASME B31.3
ASA B31.1-1955, Section 3
Which of the inspection agencies listed below is NOT an Authorised Inspection
Agency as defined in API 570.
a)
b)
c)
d)
164)
A new 1" diameter un-reinforced nipple is installed
A new 8" diameter reinforced branch connection is installed
A new 4" diameter reinforced branch connection is installed
A new 3" diameter reinforced branch connection is installed
the upstream piping of control valve manifolds
supports attached to a pipeline that has no product in them
the upstream part of an orifice runs
sections that normally have no significant flow
A defect is an imperfection of a type or magnitude exceeding the __________ criteria.
a)
non-specific
b)
imprecise
c)
general
d)
acceptable
169)
The design temperature of a piping system component is the temperature at which,
under the coincident pressure, the __________ is required.
a)
b)
c)
d)
170)
An examiner is a person who __________ the inspector
a)
171)
b)
c)
d)
supervises
d)
directs
PWHT required
RT required
b)
d)
required inspection
ultrasonic testing
It is a flaw or discontinuity noted during inspection that may be subject to
acceptance.
It is a defect noted during inspection that is unacceptable.
It is a weld flaw noted during an inspection that may be subject to repair
It is a blemish that is only cosmetic and acceptable under all conditions
indication
b)
imperfection c)
breach
d)
division
primary process points
injection points
b)
d)
level bridle points
test points
What is the loss of ductility and notch toughness in susceptible low-alloy steels such
as 1.25 and 2.5 Cr., due to prolonged exposure to high-temperature service called ?
a)
c)
176)
c)
What are points where chlorine is introduced in reformers, water is added in overhead
systems, etc. called
a)
c)
175)
assists
__________ : is a response or evidence resulting from the application of a nondestructive evaluation technique
a)
174)
b)
What is an imperfection ?
a)
173)
supplants
Hold point is a point in the repair or alteration process beyond which work may not
proceed until the __________ has been performed and documented
a)
c)
172)
smallest thickness or highest component rating
greatest thickness or highest component rating
maximum thickness or lowest component rating
minimum thickness or minimum component rating
creep
incipient melting
b)
d)
temper embrittlement
graphitisation
Secondary process piping is small-bore (less than or equal to __________) process
piping downstream of normally closed block valves
a)
NPS 3/4
b)
NPS 1
c)
NPS 2
d)
NPS 3
177)
A test point is an area defined by a circle having a diameter not greater than
__________ inches for a line diameter not exceeding 10 inches or not greater than
__________ inches for larger lines.
a)
178)
c)
1, 2
d)
3/4, 1
consult the piping engineer
use a weld rod matching the higher strength material
use a weld rod matching the lower strength material
use an alloy weld rod such as Inco-A
low-hydrogen electrode
low-chrome electrode
b)
d)
low-phosphorous electrode
low-nitrogen electrode
Which of the following welding electrodes is low-hydrogen ?
a)
181)
2, 3
What type of electrode should be used when welding a full encirclement repair
sleeve?
a)
c)
180)
b)
When making a repair utilising a welded full encirclement repair sleeve and the sleeve
material is different from the pipe material, you should
a)
b)
c)
d)
179)
3, 4
E6010
b)
E7016
c)
E7011
d)
E7014
When welding a small repair patch, the diameter of electrodes used should not exceed
a)
1/8"
b)
3/16"
c)
5/32"
d)
1/4"
ANSWER KEY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
c
b
a
b
b
b
b
a
d
d
a
b
c
a
b
a
c
c
c
d
c
c
d
c
b
d
b
b
a
c
d
a
d
a
c
b
b
a
b
b
a
d
c
c
b
b
a
b
API 570, 1.1.1
API 570, 1.1.2
API 570, 1.1.3
API 570, 1.2.1
API 570, 1.2.1
API 570, 4.3.4
API 570, 4.1
API 570, A.2.1
API 570, 5.1
API 570, 5.1
API 570, 5.3
API 570, 5.3.1
API 570, 5.3.1
API 570, 5.3.1
API 570, 5.3.1
API 570, 5.3.1
API 570, 5.3.1
API 570, 5.3.2
API 570, 5.3.2
API 570, 5.3.2
API 570, 5.3.3
API 570, 5.3.3
API 570, 5.3.3.1
API 570, 5.3.3.2
API 570, 5.3.4
API 570,5.3.4
API 570, 5.3.5
API 570, 5.3.6
API 570, 5.3.6
API 570, 5.3.7
API 570, 5.3.7
API 570, 5.3
API 570, 5.3.8
API 570, 5.3.8
API 570, 5.3.9
API 570, 5.3.9
API 570, 5.3.9
API 570, 5.3.10
API 570, 5.3.10
API 570, 5.3.11
API 570, 5.3.12
API 570, 5.4
API 570, 5.4.1
API 570, 5.4.1
API 570, 5.4.2
API 570, 5.4.2
API 570, 5.4.3
API 570, 5.4.3
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
82(1)
82(2)
82(3)
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
a
d
b
b
c
c
c
b
a
b
c
c
b
d
a
d
a
a
c
d
d
b
c
d
c
a
d
c
b
d
b
c
c
b
a
c
a
d
d
b
b
b
a
a
c
d
c
b
API 570, 5.4.3
API 570, 5.4.5
API 570, 5.5.1
API 570, 5.5.2
API 570, 5.5.2
API 570, 5.5.2
API 570, 5.5.2
API 570, 5.5.3
API 570, 5.5.3
API 570, 5.5.3
API 570, 5.5.3
API 570, 5.5.3
API 570, 5.6
API 570, 5.6
API 570, 5.6
API 570, 5.6
API 570, 5.7
API 570, 5.7
API 570, 5.7
API 570, 5.7
API 570, 5.7
API 570, 5.7
API 570, 5.7
API 570, 5.7
API 570, 5.7
API 570, 5.8
API 570, 5.9
API 570, 5.10
API 570, 5.10
API 570, 5.10
API 570, 5.11
API 570, 5.11
API 570, 5.11
API 570, 6.2
API 570, 6.1
API 570, 6.1
API 570, 6.1
API 570, 6.1.1
API 570, 6.1.2
API 570, 6.2.3
API 570, 6.2
API 570, 6.2
API 570, 6.4
API 570, 6.3
API 570, 6.3
API 570, 6.4
API 570, 6.5.1
API 570, 6.5.2
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
a
a
a
c
b
c
a
b
b
b
c
c
b
a
b
c
c
b
d
a
c
d
a
c
d
d
b
c
d
c
a
d
c
b
d
b
c
c
b
d
d
b
b
b
a
a
c
b
c
API 570, 6.6.3
API 570, 7.1.1
API 570, 7.1.1
API 570, 7.1.1
API 570, 7.1.2
API 570, 7.1.3
API 570, 7.2
API 570, 7.3
API 570, 7.4
API 570, 7.4
API 570, 7.5
API 570, 7.6
API 570, 7.6
API 570, 8.1
API 570, 8.1.1
API 570, 8.1.1
API 570, 8.1.1
API 570, 8.1.1
API 570, 8.1.2
API 570, 8.1.2
API 570, 8.1.2
API 570, 8.1.3.1
API 570, 8.1.3.1
API 570, 8.1.3.1
API 570, 8.1.3.2
API 570, 8.1.4
API 570, 8.1.4
API 570, 8.1.4
API 570, 8.2
API 570, 8.2
API 570, 8.2.1
API 570, 8.2.1
API 570, 8.2.2.1
API 570, 8.2.2.1
API 570, 8.2.3
API 570, 8.2.3
API 570, 8.2.3
API 570, 8.2.3
API 570, 8.2.4
API 570, 8.2.5
API 570, 8.2.6
API 570, 8.2.6
API 570, 8.2.6
API 570, 8.2.6
API 570, 8.2.6
API 570, 8.3
API 570, Section 9
API 570, 9.1.1
API 570, 9.1.2
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
172.
173.
174.
175.
176.
177.
178.
179.
180.
181.
b
a
a
b
c
b
c
a
c
d
d
b
b
d
d
a
d
c
b
d
c
c
c
b
d
d
b
b
b
a
a
c
b
c
b
a
a
b
c
API 570, 9.1.3
API 570, 9.1.5
API 570, 9.1.6
API 570, 9.2.1
API 570, 9.2.2
API 570, 9.2.3
API 570, 9.2.4
API 570, 9.2.5
API 570, 9.2.6
API 570, 9.2.6
API 570, 9.2.6
API 570, 9.2.7
API 570, 9.2.7
API 570, 9.2.7
API 570, 9.2.7
API 570, 9.2.7
API 570, 9.3.1
API 570, 9.3.2 & 9.4
API 570, 3.1
API 570, 3.3
API 570, 3.4
API 570, 3.5
API 570, 3.6
API 570, 3.8
API 570, 3.9
API 570, 3.10
API 570, 3.11
API 570, 3.12
API 570, 3.13
API 570, 3.14
API 570, 3.15
API 570, 3.16
API 570, 3.44
API 570, 340
API 570, 3.46
API 570, Appendix C
API 570, Appendix C
API 570, Appendix C
API 570, Appendix C