INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
INDUSTRY QUALITY CONTROL WORKING GROUP
An Industry Quality Control group under the convenorship of Dy. General Manager-Quality
Assurance, BPCL worked collectively to bring out this manual. First Industry manual on Ethanol
for Automotive Fuel came into existence in November 2004. In view of the changes in Ethanol
blended products, specifications and experiences gained in handling of products and its
associated operations, the need was felt to revise this manual.
Experience gained during the implementation of 5% and 10% Ethanol blending and feedback
from the stakeholders is considered while preparing this revised document.
In the course of development of this manual, drafts were circulated to operations and safety
groups of three oil companies and inputs were received. As a part of this exercise, various
meetings with the Industry members were held and after detailed deliberations, the relevant
inputs were incorporated in this manual.
The Industry group has collectively agreed for the content of this manual, which will serve as a
reference document for ensuring quality of Ethanol and Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline.
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
INDUSTRY QUALITY CONTROL WORKING GROUP
Sr. No.
Name
Designation
Company
1.
R. Subramanian
Dy. General Manager, QAHQ
BPCL
2.
Siddhartha Mitra
Senior Manager, QAHQ
BPCL
3.
Shilpa Jamadar
Manager, QAHQ
BPCL
4.
P.D. Dusane
General Manager QC, HO
IOCL
5.
Ajita Bhagat
Chief Manager QC, HO
IOCL
6.
K C Uthayakumar
Chief Manager QC, HO
IOCL
7.
Elencheran Kumar
General Manager QC,HQO
HPCL
8.
Shitanshu Pati Tripathi
Chief Manager QC,HQO
HPCL
9.
Mahesh Kumar Totla
Senior Manager QC,HQO
HPCL
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
FOREWORD
Ethanol is an environment friendly agricultural product which is used as a blending component
with Motor Gasoline. Under the Ethanol blending programme (EBP) the central Govt. has scaled
up blending target from 5% to 10% to promote the blending of Ethanol with Motor Gasoline and
its use “as an alternate fuel” namely 1G Ethanol largely sourced from molasses, 2G Ethanol
from Bio-mass and OGF (Off Gas Fermentation). 3G Ethanol is produced from Industrial waste.
It is an oxygen-enhancing compound that helps Motor Gasoline to burn cleaner, thus reducing
air pollution due to lesser harmful emissions of carbon monoxide. Since Ethanol is of nonpetroleum origin, use of Ethanol as a fuel component, results in reduction of crude oil usage
which is a mineral resource. Moreover, the country is largely dependent on import of crude oil
to meet the demand of petroleum products. Usage of Ethanol will reduce our import bill and
save foreign exchange.
Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas vide its Gazette Notification Extraordinary Part –I , Section1, under Sr. No. 230, dated 3rd September 2002, mandated sale of only 5% Ethanol doped
Motor Gasoline w. e. f. 1st January 2003 in the notified States and Union Territories. Further
vide Gazette Notification, G.S.R. 4(E), Extraordinary Part-II, Section-3, Subsection-(i) published
on 2nd January 2013 mandated OMC for sale of 10% Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline.
Further during Feb-2019, the GOI directed OMCs through Gazette notification dated 13
February 2019 for marketing 10% Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline, or any percentage specified
by the Government, as per Bureau of Indian Standards specification in 29 States and 5 Union
Territories.
Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas vide its Letter reference, DO No P-13045(18)/4/2021-CC(E37746) dated 15.04.2021, directed BIS for the Formulation of Indian Standards for E12 and
E15. Subsequently BIS has formulated the specification for E12 and E15 as per IS 17586: 2021
and released on 3rd of June vide Gazette notification no HQ-PUB013/1/2020-PUB-BIS (164).
Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas vide its Gazette Notification Extraordinary PART II—
Section 3—Sub-section (ii) dated 2nd June 2021 directed Oil Companies to market Ethanol
blended petrol with percentage of Ethanol up to twenty per cent as per the Bureau of Indian
Standards specifications, in the whole of the states and union territories with effect from the 1st
April, 2023.
Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline is widely accepted across the world as motor vehicle fuel and
being used in countries like U.S.A., Brazil, UK, Israel etc. BIS specification IS 15464:2004 for
Anhydrous Ethanol is already in use for blending with automotive fuel.
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IS 2796:2017 of Motor Gasoline permits the blending of Ethanol at 5% V/V named as Motor
Gasoline, at 10% V/V named as Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline.
BIS has published the specification of 12% & 15% V/V Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline
(E12/E15) as per IS 17586:2021. Specification for 20% Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline (E20)
has been published by BIS as per IS 17021:2018. Specification for 85% Ethanol blended Motor
Gasoline (E 85) has been published by BIS as per IS 16634:2017.
Specification for Fuel Ethanol (E100) is also under finalisation.
The manual provides guidelines based on proven best practices developed & adopted by
Industry. All operating practices are being followed for Ethanol and Ethanol Blended Motor
Gasoline as per handling of Class ‘A’ petroleum products. While practicing the laid down
procedures, various laws / statutory requirements pertaining to the handling, storage,
dispensing, purchase, sale, safety, disposal etc. need to be strictly adhered to and the quality
checks of these products are implemented accordingly.
Ethanol derived from various sources known at the time of preparation of this manual are as
under:
Sr. No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Category
Ethanol derived from sugar cane juice
Ethanol derived from B heavy molasses
Ethanol derived from C heavy molasses
Ethanol derived from damaged food grain
Ethanol derived from maize
Ethanol derived from surplus rice
2G Ethanol and OFG (Off gas fermentation) Ethanol
3G Ethanol (derived from Industrial waste)
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Appendix I
Appendix II
Appendix III
Appendix IV
Appendix V
Appendix VI
Appendix VII
Appendix VIII
Appendix IX
Subject
Page
Introduction
Terminology
Salient features
Quality of Ethanol
Receipt of Ethanol
Storage
Colour coding
Quality monitoring
Blending
Transportation
Handling at retail outlet
Material compatibility
General safety information
Disposal
Appendix List
Test for Ethanol content
Diagram of Ethanol Blending
Typical Drawing of blending at tank truck filling gantry
Ethanol receipt register
Batch control log book of Ethanol tank
Storage tank cleaning record
Dimension of 150 ml cylinder
Safety Data Sheet of Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline
Safety Data Sheet of Ethanol
7-8
9-10
11
12-13
14-16
17-18
19-20
21
22-25
26-28
29-30
31-34
35
36
37
38-42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49-51
52-54
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Amendment Record
Amendments
Revision No Revision Date
Section/ Page No
Brief of the modification
Effective Date
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No. 1
1.0
1.1
Section Name : Introduction
Page 1 of 2
Clause 1.1 to 1.3.3
INTRODUCTION
OUTLINE
Ethanol is an agricultural based product, mainly a by-product of sugar industries in our
country, available in sugar belt areas. Anhydrous Ethanol is essentially Ethanol, which
is denatured for use as blending component of fuel in automobile engines. Presently
Bureau of Indian Standards under specification IS 2796:2017 recommends addition of
Anhydrous Ethanol in Motor Gasoline up to 10% vol. max. BIS has also introduced fuel
specification IS 17586:2021 for E12 & E15, IS 17021:2018 for E20 and IS 16634:2017
for E85.
Specification for Fuel Ethanol (E100) is also under finalisation.
One of the main objectives for use of Ethanol in Motor Gasoline is to improve air quality
and energy security for the nation. Motor Gasoline blended with Ethanol makes fuel
more environment friendly.
Ethanol is highly hygroscopic in nature. In presence of water, blending of Ethanol in
Motor Gasoline particularly at low temperatures, results into the separation of two
phases, one rich in Ethanol and the other rich in Gasoline. This property of Ethanol
makes it mandatory to ensure water-free storage and distribution system for Ethanol
blended Motor Gasoline.
1.2
OBJECTIVE
To evolve a uniform operating procedure, quality control and general safety information
for handling of the Anhydrous Ethanol and Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline during
receipt, storage and distribution by oil marketing companies covering the existing as well
as future networks.
1.3
PURPOSE
The purpose of procedures outlined in this manual is to ensure that:
1.3.1
All Anhydrous Ethanol, whether indigenously produced in Indian distilleries or imported,
are received in accordance with the respective specifications/tender specification laid
down from time to time.
1.3.2
They are stored and handled with due care so as to keep them 'on-specification' at all
times.
1.3.3
They are blended with Motor Gasoline and delivered from various storage points in good
condition and conform to IS 2796/IS 17586/IS 17021/IS 16634 specification laid down
from time to time.
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No.1
Section Name : Introduction
Page 2 of 2
Clause 1.3.4 to 1.4.1
1.3.4
A well-defined system of quality control checks, operation, blending in mandated ratio &
safety practices and documentation exists to achieve this purpose.
1.4
SCOPE
1.4.1
The procedures outlined in this manual are only the minimum requirements in order to
ensure product quality of Ethanol and Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline.
The procedures outlined in this manual are applicable to all the oil marketing companies
engaged in distribution and marketing of Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline covering
existing as well as future networks.
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No. 2
Section Name : Terminology
2.0
TERMINOLOGY
2.1
ETHANOL:
Page 1 of 2
Clause 2.1 to 2.2.1
Ethanol is the pure chemical, otherwise known as Hydroxyethane/Ethyl Alcohol,
molecular formula C2H5OH. It is a clear, colourless and homogenous liquid with not more
than 0.5% by vol. of water and known as Absolute Alcohol.
2.1.1
1G ETHANOL:
Ethanol produced from raw materials viz. sugarcane juice, molasses (by-products in the
production of sugar), damaged food grains unfit for human consumption, surplus grains
like rice and maize etc.
2.1.2
2G ETHANOL:
Ethanol produced in this category are generally made from lignocellulosic biomass. This
includes either non-edible residues of food crop production (e.g. corn stalks or rice
husks) or non-edible whole plant biomass (e.g. grasses or trees grown specifically for
energy) or gases from the refineries /chemical industries are called second generation
or 2G Ethanol.
2.1.3 3G ETHANOL:
Ethanol made using non-arable land, based on integrated technologies that produce a
feedstock as well as a fuel and require the destruction of biomass. These are similar to
the 2nd generation fuels but use less resources in generating feedstock.
2.1.4 OFG (OFF GAS FERMENTATION) ETHANOL:
Ethanol made by using off-gases (waste gases) from various processing units of
refineries/chemical plants and other associated units.
2.2
ANHYDROUS ETHANOL:
2.2.1
Anhydrous Ethanol is essentially Ethyl Alcohol (IS 15464), which is denatured and used
as blending component with Motor Gasoline for application in automobile engines.
Note: The specification for Anhydrous Ethanol (IS 15464:2004) is currently under
revision.
In the following sections wherever the term Ethanol is used it refers to denatured
Anhydrous Ethanol for fuel. Anhydrous Ethanol is made unfit for use as beverage by the
addition of denaturants as per IS 15464:2004.
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No.2
2.3
Section Name : Terminology
Page 2 of 2
Clause 2.3 to 2.7
DENATURANT:
Denaturant is a substance completely miscible in ethyl alcohol. Its addition makes the
material or any aqueous dilution unpleasant and not suitable for potable purposes. Its
presence in Motor Gasoline or as such in Anhydrous Ethanol will not have any effect on
the automobile engines.
The denaturant is to be added with Ethanol by the manufacturer as prescribed from time
to time as per regulations by State excise /Govt. authorities.
The list of denaturants and prohibited denaturants are given in IS standards 15464/4117.
Over and above, other denaturants as notified by State excise/Govt. authorities shall be
referred from time to time.
2.4
FUEL ETHANOL (E100 FUEL):
It is the fuel which primarily consists of Ethanol complying to IS 15464 specification
containing denaturants, higher alcohols like Iso-propyl alcohol or Iso-butyl alcohol and 4
to 5% (V/V) of Motor Gasoline complying to IS 2796 specification.
Note: Specification for E100 fuel is under preparation.
2.5
MOTOR GASOLINE:
A volatile mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, generally contains additives, suitable for use
as a fuel in spark ignition engines conforming to current BIS specification IS 2796:2017.
Motor Gasoline is also known as Motor Spirit (MS) or Petrol.
2.6
ETHANOL BLENDED MOTOR GASOLINE (EBMG):
A fuel consisting primarily of Motor Gasoline blended with specified percentage of
Ethanol. Anhydrous Ethanol is used for blending with Motor Gasoline for automotive fuel
engine vehicles in accordance with IS 2796:2017 or IS 17586:2021 or IS 17021:2018
or IS 16634:2017.
2.7
OXYGENATE:
An oxygen containing organic compound such as Alcohols or Ethers.
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No.3
Section Name : Salient features Page 1 of 1
Clause 3.1 to 3.6
3.0
SALIENT FEATURES OF ETHANOL:
3.1
Ethanol burns cleanly and it is largely used as a fuel or blending component in Motor
Gasoline.
3.2
Unlike Motor Gasoline, Ethanol is highly soluble in water. Fuel grade Ethanol should be
Anhydrous to avoid phase separation.
3.3
Ethanol has a low vapour pressure and Ethanol vapour is denser than air.
3.4
Ethanol flames are difficult to be seen in the daylight.
3.5
Ethanol has typical odour and can be detected by smell.
3.6
Ethanol is readily biodegradable both aerobically and anaerobically in water and soil.
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No.4
Section Name : Quality of Ethanol
4.0
QUALITY OF ETHANOL
4.1
SPECIFICATIONS OF ETHANOL:
Page 1 of 2
Clause 4.1 to 4.1
The Anhydrous Ethanol to be used for blending with Motor Gasoline should conform to
IS 15464:2004 specification (currently under revision) as given in Table 1. The
manufacturer should also ensure that a denaturant is added at their premises before the
product is dispatched to the oil companies. The manufacturing specification is mentioned
in Table 2 (Section 4) as under:
Table No.1 : IS 15464:2004 (Currently under revision)
Sr.
No
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
Characteristics
Requirements
Appearance
Relative Density / Specific Gravity at
15.6/15.6°C, Max.
Ethanol content % by Volume at
15.6/15.6°C, Min. (excluding
denaturant)
Miscibility with water
Alkalinity
Acidity (as CH3COOH) mg/l, Max.
Residue on evaporation, percent by
mass Max.
Aldehyde content (as CH3CHO)
mg/l, Max
Copper mg/kg, Max
Conductivity, µS/m, Max
Methyl Alcohol, mg/litre, Max.
Method of Test Refer IS
15464 Annexure
Clear and Bright
Visual
0.7961
99.5
A
B
Miscible
Nil
30
0.005
C
D
D
E
60
F
0.1
300
300
G
H
J
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Section No.4
Section Name : Quality of Ethanol
Page 2 of 2
Clause 4.1 to 4.2
Table No.2 : Manufacturing / Tender Specification of Anhydrous Ethanol:
Sr.
No
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
4.2
Manufacturing
Specification
Characteristics
Appearance
Relative Density/Specific Gravity at
15.6/15.6°C, Max.
Ethanol content % by Volume at
15.6/15.6°C, Min. (excluding
denaturant)
Miscibility with water
Alkalinity
Acidity (as CH3COOH) mg/l, Max.
Residue on evaporation, percent by
mass Max.
Aldehyde content (as CH3CHO)
mg/l, Max
Copper mg/kg, Max
Conductivity, µS/m, Max
Methyl Alcohol, mg/litre, Max.
Method of Test Refer IS
15464 Annexure
Clear, Colourless
and homogenous.
Free from matter in
suspension.
Visual
0.7956
99.6
A
B
Miscible
Nil
30
0.005
C
D
D
E
60
F
0.1
300
300
G
H
J
DENATURANTS OF ETHANOL:
a) The denaturant to be added with Ethanol and the proportion in which it is to be used
shall be as prescribed by Excise/Govt. regulations/ Law from time to time.
b) The denaturants shall be added at Ethanol manufacturer’s end before transporting
the Ethanol to oil company premises.
c) The list of denaturants and prohibited denaturants are given in Indian standards
15464/4117. Over and above, other denaturants as notified by State Excise/Govt.
authorities shall be referred from time to time.
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No.5
Section Name : Receipt
Page 1 of 3
Clause 5.1 to 5.5
5.0
RECEIPT OF ETHANOL:
5.1
Ethanol shall be transported to storage locations in dedicated tank trucks and/or suitable
tank wagon. All care shall be taken to prevent ingress of water/moisture into the
compartments during transportation.
5.2
The fittings in tank trucks/tank wagon used for transportation of Ethanol to locations shall
confirm to class ‘A’ petroleum products as per PESO. The tank truck shall have valid
explosive licence. All safety precautions for handling of class ‘A’ petroleum products
shall be followed.
5.3
The consignment of Ethanol must carry quality certificate as per manufacturing/tender
specification (Table No.2). This quality certificate should also contain the batch number,
TL/TW no, quantity and the name of the denaturant used along with its dosage.
5.4
On arrival of Ethanol tank truck/tank wagon, after checking safety & fitness requirement,
one litre of top and bottom sample from each compartment/wagon of the tank truck/ tank
wagon shall be drawn after the line content is drained off. Care must be taken to avoid
any ingress of water/moisture during decantation of tank truck/tank wagon. These
samples are to be tested for the following parameters:
Sr.
no.
1
2
Tests to be carried out as per IS 15464 (Currently
under revision)
Top & Bottom samples
Visual Appearance
Individual Sample of Top & Relative density/ Specific Gravity at 15.6/15.6°C
Bottom
3
Composite sample of all 1. Appearance
compartments
2. Colour (Visual)
3. Ethanol Content % Vol.
4. Relative Density/ Specific Gravity at 15.6/15.6°C,
5. Hydrocarbon Contamination check*
* For Hydrocarbon Contamination checks, Appendix I (C) of this manual shall be followed.
5.5
Sample
If the sample meets the requirements of 5.4 then one litre composite sample of Ethanol
from the tank truck shall be drawn (one litre composite sample to be prepared from Top
and bottom samples of all the compartments drawn as per 5.4), sealed, labelled and
jointly signed by the driver/authorised representative of the transporter and the receiving
officer of the oil company. In case of tank wagon, one litre composite sample (top and
bottom) from the tank wagon shall be drawn, sealed, labelled and signed by the receiving
officer of the oil company.
These samples shall be retained for a period of 30 days. Only glass or stainless steel
sample containers should be used. Aluminium containers should not be used for storing
Ethanol samples.
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Section No.5
Section Name : Receipt
Page 2 of 3
Clause 5.6 to 5.10
5.6
Product from the tank truck/tank wagon can be decanted into tank if found satisfactory, after
comparing the quality certificate of the consignment with that of the requirement of the
characteristics as mentioned in table no. 2 of section 4 as well as physical verification carried
out as per clause 5.4. Relative density/specific gravity at 15.6/15.6°C of Ethanol received at
location shall be within (±) 0.0005 of the dispatching location and record of the same shall
be maintained.
If the value is found to be beyond the specified limit, the sample of that particular
compartment(s)/ wagon shall be tested for all the parameters mentioned in clause 5.4 Sr.no.
3. All these checks are to be recorded as per the format mentioned in Appendix-IV.
5.7
Unloading operations shall be carried out through special nitrile rubber or any other
compatible hoses (refer section 12 for more details). Ethanol being hygroscopic in nature,
utmost precaution needs to be taken to ensure that there is no ingress of water or moisture.
Both the ends of the hoses after use shall be capped. 80 mesh strainers (material as
specified in section 12) shall be provided before the pump / tank inlet as the case may be.
All safety precautions shall be taken as that for Class ‘A’ product.
5.8
Appropriate recommended dosage of corrosion inhibitor and anti-oxidant (if applicable) shall
be added during the decantation of Ethanol from tank truck/tank wagon into the storage tank.
Required dose of above additive shall be dissolved in Ethanol first and then, the same shall
be added during decantation of Ethanol from tank truck/ tank wagon so as to ensure
homogeneity of additives with Ethanol in the storage tank. The additive(s) quantity added
during each tank truck/tank wagon receipt to be recorded (refer Appendix IV).
5.9
However, in case of failure of composite sample in any of the test parameter(s) mentioned
above, the tank truck/tank wagon shall be rejected.
5.10
A batch number shall be assigned for traceability of each receipt of product through tank
truck/ tank wagon in a location.
In case of the receipt of more than one tank truck/tank wagon in a particular storage tank in
a day, batch number shall be assigned combining all receipts before delivery of the product
from the tank.
Batch number shall consist of Product Code/ Mode of receipt (Tank Truck (TT)/ Tank Wagon
(TW))/ Name of the Organization/ Code letter of location originating the Batch/ Tank Number/
Serial Number of the batch established in the tank since last cleaning
Example: Batch No ETH/TT/BPC/BIJ/5/2
Where Product (Ethanol,ETH)/Mode of Receipt (Tank Truck, TT)/ Name of the Organization
(BPC)/ Code letter of location originating the Batch (Bijwasan, BIJ)/ Tank Number (5)/ Serial
Number of the batch established in the tank since last cleaning (2).
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Section No.5
Section Name : Receipt
Page 3 of 3
Clause 5.10 to 5.10
After formation of each batch, all level sample from the tank shall be checked for the
following parameters:
 Appearance
 Colour (Visual)
 % Purity of Ethanol
and record shall be maintained in Appendix V (Batch Control Log Book). The sample shall
be sealed, labelled and retained for a period of 15 days and records shall be maintained.
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Section No.6
6.0
Section Name : Storage
Page 1 of 2
Clause 6.0 to 6.3
STORAGE AND HANDLING:
A dry and clean storage system is a pre-requisite for handling Ethanol, Motor Gasoline
and Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline to minimise potential problems with water and
contamination.
It is recommended that fixed roof tank are suitable for storage of Ethanol and Ethanol
blended Motor Gasoline. For small storage capacities the use of horizontal tank is
acceptable.
The use of an internal floating cover (IFC) is considered best practice for the storage of
Ethanol/Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline to minimise evaporation losses and to manage
the risks associated with the ingress of water and moisture.
Ethanol is hygroscopic in nature. Silica gel trap shall be provided to the tanks to avoid
any ingress of moisture.
6.1
Ethanol can be stored in above ground or underground tank(s). Factors like the size of
the tank, the space available, requirements for emissions and safety aspects will
determine which type of tank is best for use.
6.2
The storage tanks and allied facilities for Ethanol shall be positively segregated. The
existing Class ‘A’ product storage tank fitted with pressure vacuum valve (PV valve) can
be used for storing Ethanol after thorough cleaning. The tank shall be absolutely free
from water at all times. A silica gel trap to be fitted on the vent pipe and shall be filled
with active silica gel (commonly blue/ orange in colour).
6.3
Ethanol storage tanks shall be cleaned once in two years or more frequently depending
on the need. Tank cleaning data shall be maintained as per IQCM (refer Appendix VI
of Ethanol manual). For above ground tank, date of tank cleaning and due date of next
tank cleaning shall be painted on or near to the manhole cover. For underground tank
the cleaning details shall be displayed suitably. In case of any exigencies, maximum
period of extension for two months can be granted with recommendation from operations
department and approval from QA/QC department, subject to bottom sample meeting
the specification. The bottom sample 1x1 litre from datum plate level shall be drawn and
sent to QA/QC lab for tests as per clause 9.2.2. If sample passes, extension shall be
given. However, the product shall be monitored fortnightly for the tests on the above
samples as per clause 9.2.2 during the extension period.
For EBMG, the periodicity of tank cleaning shall be followed in line with IQCM 2019
clause 4.1.4. The date of tank cleaning/ extension for EBMG tanks (in-tank blending/
batch blending) shall be painted on or near the manhole cover along with the information
on the extensions obtained.
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Section No.6
Section Name : Storage
Page 2 of 2
Clause 6.4 to 6.10
6.4
All level sample, after the first receipt of newly commissioned tank(s) or after the tank
cleaning shall be sent to laboratory for batch formation test (clause No. 9.2.2). The
product from the tank shall be released only if the laboratory confirms that the product
meets specification requirement in respect of the tests carried out.
6.5
As Ethanol is highly hygroscopic and absorbs moisture from the atmospheric air, silica
gel trap must be provided with suitable fittings in the vent pipe of tanks, such way to
prevent, ingress of moisture from the atmosphere into storage tanks. Regular check on
the colour of silica gel shall be maintained (blue /as applicable) and shall need immediate
replacement on showing signs of saturation by way of change of colour. Generally, silica
gel turns from blue to pink/colourless when it absorbs moisture depending upon the type
of silica gel used.
6.6
In case the silica gel is saturated with moisture, it shall be replaced with new silica gel.
At no point of time, the silica gel trap shall be kept empty.
6.7
Storage tank openings/pipeline fittings shall be airtight and the threaded connections if
any shall be tightened with the help of Teflon paste or Teflon tapes. Bolted connections
shall have gaskets of Teflon.
6.8
Ethanol is having high affinity towards water. Therefore, in case of any water ingress
into Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline tank, the water may extract Ethanol from the
blended Motor Gasoline and settle at bottom of the tank. Such water-Ethanol mixture
cannot be detected using the normal water finding paste being used for petroleum
products as the paste is soluble in Ethanol. Therefore, it is recommended to use modified
water finding paste suitable for detecting water contamination in such storage tanks.
6.9
Incase of dormancy of product beyond three months, the bottom sample shall subject to
test mentioned in 9.2.2.
6.10
In case product does not meet specification, salvaging/disposal shall be done by
Operations Department in consultation with Quality Control Department as per statutory
requirement. OMC may take assistance from manufacturer for the reprocessing of the
product and the expenses on account of transportation/ processing shall be borne by the
individual company in consultation with appropriate authority.
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No.7
Section Name : Colour coding
Page 1 of 2
Clause 7.1 to 7.1.1
7.0
COLOUR CODING:
7.1
The colour band for Ethanol on the pipeline shall be Dark Violet (IQCM Clause no. 4.3.2:
ISC No. 796 of IS 5: 2007) and colour band for E85 & E100 shall be Brilliant Green (ISC
No. 221 as per IS 5:2007). The colour band for E10, E12, E15 and E20 on the pipeline
shall be Deep Orange / Signal Red as per clause 4.3.2 of IQCM. The differentiation will
be in product name only. The procedure for colour coding shall be in accordance with
clause 4.3 of Industry Quality Control Manual for Non-Aviation Products (IQCM).
7.1.1 COLOUR CODING OF ANHYDROUS ETHANOL, E85 and E100:
ETHANOL
100 mm
ETHANOL
E100 / E85
100 mm
One letter Gap
E 100 / E 85
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No.7
Section Name : Colour coding
Page 2 of 2
Clause 7.1.2 to 7.1.2
7.1.2 COLOUR CODING OF ETHANOL BLENDED MOTOR GASOLINE BS VI:
MS VI (E10/E12/E15/E20)
100 mm
One letter Gap
MS VI (E10)
MS VI 95 (E10/E12/E15/E20)
100 mm
One letter Gap
MS VI 95 (E10)
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No.8
Section Name : Quality monitoring
Page 1 of 1
Clause 8.1 to 8.3
8.0
QUALITY MONITORING OF ETHANOL:
8.1
One litre all level sample in case of horizontal tank & composite in case of vertical tanks
shall be collected in stainless steel or glass container for monitoring tests and sent to the
nearest laboratory once in a month. These samples shall be tested for characteristics as
per clause 9.2.2. A set of counter sample shall be retained at the location till lab test
results are received.
8.2
Since Ethanol is highly hygroscopic in nature, dormancy of Ethanol may lead to quality
failure. In case, if the dead stock in the tank is dormant or expected to be dormant for
more than three months, such on spec dead stock product shall be consumed at the
earliest. Necessary provision for handling of such dead stock shall be kept ready at
locations.
8.3
Disposal of off spec Ethanol is extremely tedious hence all efforts to be made to maintain
the quality of Ethanol on-spec at all times. Dormancy of Ethanol may lead to quality
failures because of its hygroscopic properties. In view of above, Ethanol (including dead
stock) shall be consumed for blending purpose, preferably within 3 months from the date
of receipt. This will avoid the failure of product if any on account of long storage.
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No.9
Section Name : Blending
Page 1 of 4
Clause 9.1 to 9.1.1
9.0 BLENDING OF ETAHNOL IN MOTOR GASOLINE AND QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS:
9.1
BLENDING OF ETHANOL:
At Depot/ Installation/ Terminal: The blending of Ethanol in Motor Gasoline shall be permitted
as per IS 2796, IS 17586, IS 16634 or as per notification by MOPN&G. The blending
methodology should be such that the sample taken from TT filling / loading point shall have
correct Ethanol percentage (This shall be ensured by taking the reading of batch control /
meter and physical checking of ethanol percentage in EBMG as per 9.1.5). The efficacy
of the blending shall be checked after loading of the TT every shift and recorded. Calibration
details to be maintained at TT filling gantry. At the end of the day, reconciliation of the total
Ethanol doped shall be done and record maintained.
9.1.1 PROCEDURE FOR BLENDING OF ETHANOL IN MOTOR GASOLINE (MG):
At present, mainly three types of procedures are being followed for blending Ethanol in
Motor Gasoline. These options are explained below:
A.
ONLINE BLENDING (PLEASE REFER APPENDIX II FOR LINE DIAGRAM OF ONLINE
BLENDING):
In this case, Ethanol is added slowly and continuously into the moving stream of Motor
Gasoline via a smaller line inserted or 'Y' type joints in a larger pipe at the loading gantry.
Ethanol can also be added in small slug or pulsed quantities spread evenly throughout
the time Motor Gasoline is being loaded. Ethanol and Motor Gasoline get mixed by the
turbulent movement that occurs once the fuel is loaded into its receiving tank truck/tank
wagon. This is similar to the way additives are blended into Motor Gasoline and is
commonly used at locations.
B.
IN-TANK BLENDING (PLEASE REFER APPENDIX II FOR LINE DIAGRAM OF INTANK BLENDING):
All the tanks without water bottom shall only be considered for blending operation. It shall
be ensured that these tanks are free from water throughout the operation. In this case,
Ethanol is stored in dedicated tank with facility for pumping metered quantity through
batch controllers / mass flow meters/PD meters etc. Quality of Motor Gasoline shall be
checked as per requirement. Proper calibration of batch controller/mass flow meters/ PD
meters at defined intervals shall be carried out. The blending of Ethanol and Motor
Gasoline shall take place in line and the blended product shall be taken in another tank
as given in diagram. The desired quantity of Ethanol blending in Motor Gasoline will be
suitably calculated.
Batch controller /mass flow controller/ PD meter etc. shall be used to control requisite
quantity of Ethanol injection in Motor Gasoline. The injection point shall be as far as
possible away from the receiving tank. It shall be ensured that on completion of the
operation, the pipeline is left with only Motor Gasoline without any traces of Ethanol.
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No.9
Section Name : Blending
Page 2 of 4
Clause 9.1.1 to 9.1.4
The storage tank (Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline tank) shall have facility for churning
either through circulation or through jet mixer or side entry churning in the tank. After
completion of operation, TMB (Vertical tank)/all level (Horizontal tank) samples, shall be
checked for Test ‘A’ (Appearance, Visual Colour & Density).
In case the product is non-homogeneous (density variation between the layers beyond
(±)3.0 kg/m3 at 15°C), the product shall be recirculated till homogeneity is established.
TMB Composite sample/all level sample as applicable shall be tested for batch formation
test before release of product. Requirement of batch formation test shall be reviewed
subsequently after gaining experience. It is preferable to carry out in tank blending operation
in empty Motor Gasoline tank or in a tank having minimum stock. The location shall ensure
percentage of Ethanol blended before releasing the product in the market.
C. SPLASH/SEQUENTIAL BLENDING:
In this blending, both the products Ethanol and Motor Gasoline are loaded sequentially in
the tank truck. Product mixing occurs as the fuel is agitated during handling. Ethanol being
slightly heavier than Motor Gasoline, it is recommended that Ethanol to be loaded as per
the following sequence:
▪
▪
Top loading TT facility: Motor Gasoline followed by Ethanol & again followed by
Motor Gasoline
Bottom loading TT facility: Ethanol followed by Motor Gasoline
9.1.2
Based on the operational & QC experience in handling EBMG it is strongly
recommended to provide online blending facility for blending of Ethanol in Motor
Gasoline. Appropriate methodology to be used to ensure proper blending and delivery
of desired percentage (%) of Ethanol in Motor Gasoline while loading in tank truck/ tank
wagon.
9.1.3
Use of blender unit or day tank with mixing/circulation facility is permitted to ensure
delivery of homogenised product. In such cases, at the end of the day, the product from
the day tank shall be removed to the maximum possible extent.
9.1.4
PROCEDURE FOR BLENDING ANHYDROUS ETHANOL IN MOTOR GASOLINE:
To ensure uniform blending of Ethanol with Motor Gasoline, on line blending of Ethanol
shall be carried out through a closed system, with proper interlocks, while maintaining
efficacy of mixing Ethanol in the right proportion of 5% V/V, 10% V/V, 12% V/V, 15% V/V
and 20% V/V and as per Govt. guidelines time to time.
Blending shall be carried out by synchronising with the total delivery of desired
percentage of Ethanol with Motor Gasoline in each compartment. This can be verified
by test method given in Appendix I.
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No.9
Section Name : Blending
Page 3 of 4
Clause 9.1.4 to 9.1.6
An 80-mesh filter compatible with Ethanol shall be provided on the delivery side of
Ethanol storage tank i.e. between pump and tank truck filling gantry point.
Typical line diagram of Ethanol facility at storage locations is given in Appendix II & III.
Loading facilities for Ethanol blends should be similar to loading arrangements for Motor
Gasoline with an earthing/bonding and overfill protection system, metering and flow
control. Ethanol being highly conductive, a well-designed system may prevent build up
from electrostatic charge during loading.
9.1.5 THE FOLLOWING QC CHECKS ARE RECOMMENDED FOR THE BLENDING:
A. All samples shall be drawn, tested and retained as per the procedure laid down in
IQCM. A sample of Ethanol Blended Motor Gasoline shall be drawn at the
commencement of the operation, whenever there is a switch over of Motor Gasoline
and whenever the density variation is observed beyond (±) 3.0 kg/m3 against batch
density or morning density at tank truck filling gantry. The sample should be tested
for following parameters and records are to be maintained:
 Appearance
 Density at 15°C
 Colour (Visual)
 Ethanol content
Determination of Ethanol content in Ethanol Blended Motor Gasoline is to be carried
out as per procedure outlined in Appendix I.
B. Retention of the Ethanol Blended Motor Gasoline sample from Tank truck filling
gantry shall be followed as per IQCM Clause 5.4.5.
C. Adequate operational controls/measures shall be taken to ensure correct dosing of
Ethanol in Motor Gasoline.
D. The efficacy of automated Ethanol dosing system shall be checked periodically,
calibrated and records shall be maintained.
9.1.6
Reconciliation of Ethanol shall be done on daily basis and shall be verified against the
blended quantity and records shall be maintained. Necessary corrective measures shall
be taken in case of any deviation.
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No.9
9.2
Section Name : Blending
Page 3 of 4
Clause 9.2.1 to 9.2.2
FACILITIES REQUIRED FOR QC CHECKS OF ETHANOL AND EBMG AT LOCATION
AND QC LABS:
9.2.1
At Depot / Installation: Following testing equipment required for carrying out field test of
Ethanol and Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline:
a) Calibrated hydrometers/alcoholmeters (IS: 3608 Part 1: 1987) with valid calibration
certificate.
b) Calibrated thermometers (IP 64C) with valid calibration certificate
c) Glass cylinders, 500 ml.
d) Calibrated 150 ml glass stoppered cylinder with 0.5 ml graduation from 0 to 50 ml
and 1 ml graduation from 50 to 150 ml having dimensions as per IS 2796 : 2017
(Appendix VII; with detail diagram as per BIS test method).
e) The glassware (except 150 ml glass stoppered cylinder) shall be of class ‘A’.
9.2.2
AT QC LABORATORY:
The laboratory to be equipped with following tests for batch and routine monitoring
testing of Ethanol. However, colour of Ethanol may slightly vary due to addition of special
additive like, corrosion inhibitors and antioxidants. It can also slightly vary due to addition
of denaturant.
Requirements as per Method of Test Refer
Sr. No
Characteristics
IS 15464 : 2004*
IS15464 (Annexure)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Clear, colourless and
homogenous. Free from
matter in suspension.
Relative Density/ Specific Gravity
0.7961
at 15.6/15.6°C, Max.
Ethanol content % by Volume at
99.5
15.6/15.6°C, Min
Miscibility with water
Miscible
Alkalinity
Nil
Acidity (as CH3COOH) mg/l, Max
30
Aldehyde content (as CH3CHO)
60
mg/l, Max
-
Appearance
A
B
C
D
D
F
*IS 15464:2004 is under revision. On revision, latest version shall be applicable.
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No.10
Section Name : Transportation
Page 1 of 3
Clause 10.0 to 10.2.3
10.
TRANSPORTATION OF ETHANOL BLENDED MOTOR GASOLINE (TANK TRUCKS/
PIPELINES/TANK WAGON):
Due to very high affinity of Ethanol towards water, Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline also
displays similar property. Even with very low ingress/presence of water, phase
separation can occur leading to problems in usage/application. It is therefore extremely
important that pipelines, tanks and all associated systems are clean and kept water free
during handling of Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline.
10.1
TRANSPORTATION OF ETHANOL BLENDED MOTOR GASOLINE THROUGH TANK
TRUCK:
10.1.1 The tank trucks can be upgraded for the purpose as specified in IQCM for handling nonaviation products and inspect from inside for cleanliness and dry out any accumulated
water or product before loading Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline.
10.1.2 The tank truck fit for transportation of Motor Gasoline shall be used for Ethanol blended
Motor Gasoline. Adequate care shall be taken to ensure that the tank truck fittings are
absolutely airtight and no ingress of moisture or water.
10.2
TRANSPORTATION OF ETHANOL BLENDED MOTOR GASOLINE THROUGH
PIPELINE:
In addition to tank truck, the transportation of ‘EBMG’ through pipeline has also been
carried out and found successful. During pipeline transfer, the EBMG was sandwiched
between Motor Gasoline. All QC checks shall be carried out as per IQCM.
The following points needs to be adhered to:
10.2.1 EBMG transportation from Refinery through multi product pipeline (MPPL) need to be
studied meticulously. Each pipeline will have separate SOP depending upon length,
diameter, elevation profile (ups / downs) of pipeline, water retention in long distance
pipeline, inner surface condition of pipeline etc. To develop confidence on the subject
simulation study may be conducted.
10.2.2 Ensure complete absence of water in tank, pipeline etc. of Motor Gasoline and Ethanol
tank before preparing EBMG in refinery.
10.2.3 Refinery shall issue full specification test report of each EBMG batch including Ethanol
content in EBMG. Additionally moisture content in EBMG shall be checked for
monitoring purpose. Excessive moisture content at refinery EBMG may results in further
increase in moisture content after pipeline transfer and may result in hazy appearance
or phase separation of product in receiving tank. Based on study and experience,
moisture content of EBMG can be controlled.
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No.10
Section Name : Transportation
Page 2 of 3
Clause 10.2.4 to 10.2.12
10.2.4 Ensure removal of water, sediments, dirt in pipeline by suitable pigging operation before
pumping of EBMG. Frequency of pigging needs to be established to ensure pipeline is
free from water & other impurities. It is suggested to sandwich EBMG between normal
Motor Gasoline wherever receipt of normal Motor Gasoline and EBMG is planned. So
pumping sequence can be : MGEBMGMG 
10.2.5 In all cases, Ethanol content shall be as under:
Sr.No
Blend Details
1.
E10
2.
E12
3.
E15
4.
E20
5.
E85
% Ethanol (V/V)
9.5-10.0
11.5-12.0
14.0-15.0
19.0-20.0
70.0-85.0
10.2.6 At marketing end, the vertical tanks are used for storage of EBMG, should be preferably
internal floating roof tank (IFR) and ensure that tank is free from water. The tanks should
have circulation facility (Jet Mixers) for ensuring homogeneity of product.
10.2.7 Samples checking and retention procedure shall be as per IQCM 2019 (MPPL receipt/
delivery). However location specific additional QC checks may be advised to avoid any
quality deviation.
10.2.8 After receipt of EBMG parcel, tank samples shall be tested for batch formation as per
IQCM. Additionally, TMB sample for vertical tanks shall be individually checked for %
Ethanol content.
10.2.9 Drain samples/ Bottom Sample of EBMG tank shall be tested for ‘Test A’ as well as %
Ethanol content on weekly basis.
10.2.10 During monsoon, drain/bottom sample shall be checked for test “A” and Ethanol content
on daily basis. Suitable corrective action shall be taken if any deviation is observed.
10.2.11 In case no fresh receipt in the EBMG tank for more than 15 days or product is dormant
for more than 15 days, the TMB sample shall be tested individually for density at 150C
and composite sample for batch formation test to monitor the quality of products. Such
quality monitoring shall continue fortnightly till fresh parcel is received in the tank.
10.2.12 Record of all such activities shall be maintained as per IQCM.
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No.10
10.3
Section Name : Transportation
Page 1 of 3
Clause 10.3 to 10.3
TRANSPORTATION OF ETHANOL BLENDED MOTOR GASOLINE THROUGH
TANK WAGON:
Transportation of EBMG through tank wagon is under study by the OMCs. After
successful trial, Industry shall finalise SOP for handling of EBMG through tank wagon
and same shall be incorporated in this manual.
28
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No.11
Section Name : Handling at retail outlet Page 1 of 2
Clause 11.1 to 11.1.5
11.0
HANDLING OF ETHANOL BLENDED MOTOR GASOLINE AT RETAIL OUTLETS:
11.1
UNDERGROUND TANKS, DISPENSERS AND FITTINGS
11.1.1 Storage tank shall be suitable for Class “A” product and openings/pipeline fittings shall
be airtight and the threaded connections if any shall be tightened with the help of Teflon
tapes. Bolted connections shall be provided with proper gaskets.
11.1.2 Storage tanks shall be thoroughly cleaned. Ensure tank is free from water before
commissioning of Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline. Fill cap and dip cap fittings shall be
watertight and have suitable gaskets/packing to prevent entry of moisture. The fill/dip
caps shall be raised sufficiently high above the ground level. In case these are situated
in chambers, the chambers shall be constructed in a manner so as to avoid entry of
water into the tank and the caps positioned sufficiently above the bottom of the chamber.
Ethanol is having high affinity towards water. Therefore, in case of any water ingress
into Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline tank, the water may extract Ethanol from the
Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline and settle at bottom of the tank. Such Water-Ethanol
mixture cannot be detected using the normal water finding paste being used for
petroleum products as the paste is soluble in ethanol and also does not indicate any
colour change on reaction with Ethanol water mixture.
The presence of any water in the underground tank shall be checked by using special
type of water-finding paste for EBMG every day. During the rainy season, the water shall
be promptly removed from the tank. An efficient tank farm management by sand filling
& levelling, covering of dip pipe unloading pipe and other vents, uniform tiling of low lying
areas under shade, as per standard engineering practices at every RO ensuring trouble
free EBMG sales at RO.
11.1.3 Suitable silica gel trap shall be fitted in the vent of the tank storing Ethanol Blended
Motor Gasoline at Retail Outlet to prevent ingress of moisture. The colour of silica gel
shall be checked regularly and it should be immediately replaced on its change. The
colour of silica gel turns from blue to pink after absorbing moisture.
11.1.4 Sampling procedures at the retail outlets would be the same as mentioned in the
Marketing Discipline Guidelines (MDG).
11.1.5 Dispensing Units are typically manufactured with Steel, Cast Iron, Aluminium, Brass,
Bronze and sometimes Stainless Steel components. “Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline”
should not pose problem with any of these metals. Normal dispensing hoses can be
used for Motor Gasoline blended up to 10% of Ethanol. In case of handling higher
percentage of Ethanol blended fuel to be carried out as per the recommendation of
OEM of dispensing unit.
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No.11
11.2
Section Name: Handling at retail outlet
Page 2 of 2
Clause 11.2.1 to 11.2.3
RECEIPT OF ETHANOL BLENDED MOTOR GASOLINE AT RETAIL OUTLET:
11.2.1 The procedure will remain same as followed for un-blended Motor Gasoline.
11.2.2 During rainy seasons, wherever the canopy is available, the tank truck shall be checked
and decanted under the canopy, to avoid ingress of water. Wherever canopy is not
available tarpaulin cover shall be used during tank truck discharge. The dip cap of
underground tanks shall be kept closed during tank truck unloading operation.
11.2.3 TYPE OF DISPENSING UNITS AT RETAIL OUTLET:
Suitable dispensing unit compatible with Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline to be used.
Marking and labelling for dispensing pumps for Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline:
The Marking and labelling for the dispensing pumps/ dispensing units shall be clearly
Indicated as follows for easy identification of the regular / premium Motor Gasoline
available at the retail outlet.
 Normal Motor Gasoline without or with 5 percent Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline: MG
91 / MG 95
 10 Percent Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline: MG 91 (E10) / MG 95 (E10)
 12 Percent Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline: MG 91 (E12) / MG 95 (E12)
 15 Percent Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline: MG 91 (E15) / MG 95 (E15)
 20 Percent Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline: MG 95 (E20) / MG 98 (E20)
 E85 fuel: E85
 Fuel Ethanol : E100
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No.12
12.0
Section Name : Material compatibility
Page 1 of 4
Clause 12.0 to 12.1.1
MATERIAL / EQUIPMENT COMPATIBILITY:
Generally, it has been found that the majority of materials used in the storage and
handling of Motor Gasoline are compatible with 10% Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline.
Ethanol have been in use as an oxygenate in Motor Gasoline in India for around past 20
years and very few material compatibility issues have been reported in service with
blends containing up to 10% Ethanol blends. Typical issues observed are swelling,
hardening or minor leakage of elastomeric seals and O-rings.
Notwithstanding the experience to date, knowledge is still being gained and it is apparent
that some materials may be prone to degradation by continual contact particularly with
Ethanol and Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline. Zinc, brass, lead and aluminium are
sensitive metals and non-metallic materials that may degrade include natural rubber,
polyurethane, cork, leather, PVC, polyimides and certain thermoset plastic.
Furthermore, the solvent characteristic and consequent cleaning effect of Ethanol
blends, have the potentials to loosen rust, scale, gums and other deposits in tanks and
fuel system.
It is therefore important to ensure that the systems are fully cleaned prior to inducting
Ethanol or Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline to avoid the potential for fuel contamination
and filter blockages.
12.1.1 TANKS AND PIPELINE:
Ethanol does not react with or permeate through steel. However, the carbon steel used
in finished products, terminal tanks and pipe works is generally compatible with both
Ethanol and Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline. The solvent characteristics of Ethanol can
however cause loosening of rust from interior walls of metallic parts. Glass reinforced
fibre tanks are also compatible for Ethanol and Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline.
Existing storage tank used for Motor Gasoline are also compatible for Ethanol blended
Motor Gasoline.
Aluminium internal floating covers may be susceptible to corrosion if used in tanks
containing Anhydrous Ethanol, and therefore the use of non-aluminium materials, such
as stainless steel, should be considered for wetted component.
Aluminium has proved to be compatible with E5 and E10 Motor Gasoline. However, for
higher percentage of Ethanol blends advice shall be sought from the manufacturer.
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No.12
Section Name : Material compatibility
Page 2 of 4
Clause 12.1.2 to 12.2.1
12.1.2 PUMPS:
For neat and denatured Ethanol, the preferred materials for seals are carbon and
ceramics. Teflon-impregnated packing materials are recommended for packing
construction. Experience with existing petrol pumps operating with Ethanol blended
Motor Gasoline has not identified any major issues.
12.1.3 PIPE SEALANTS:
In general it is not recommended to use threaded fittings in pressure systems but if it is
required to use such fittings a pipe thread sealant Teflon tape or a Teflon based pipe
thread compound should be used. Alcohol based pipe sealant should be avoided.
12.1.4 METERS:
For use with Ethanol blends meters should have internal O-rings and seals designed to
withstand the solvent action found with Ethanol, and meter manufactures should be
consulted for their recommendations. No specific wear and leakage problems have been
experienced in service with existing Motor Gasoline meters used in Ethanol blends.
12.1.5 FILTERS:
Filters/ strainers used at terminal facilities are generally not effected by Ethanol or Motor
Gasoline / Ethanol blends.
12.2
MATERIAL COMPATIBILITY CHART:
Nozzles, fittings, connectors, piping, pump and impellers may be of best suitable
material compatible with Ethanol as recommended for the storage tanks. Compatibility
charts (as per clause no 12.2.1 and 12.2.2) for materials to be used for Ethanol blended
Motor Gasoline and Ethanol:
12.2.1 METALLIC MATERIAL:
For specific use of any grades of Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline, suitable materials
shall be chosen based on the recommendation of various equipment suppliers.
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No.12
Section Name : Material compatibility
Page 3 of 4
Clause12.2.1 to 12.2.2
Following tables are indicative overview on material compatibility that have been
identified based on the standard literature available as on date.
Material (Metallic
component)
Aluminum/ Aluminum Alloy
Bronze
Carbon Steel
Nickel/ nickel plate
Stainless steel
Zinc
E10
E15-E25
E100
Recommended
Recommended
Recommended
No data available
Recommended
Not Recommended
No data available
No data available
No data available
No data available
No data available
No data available
No data available
Recommended
Recommended
Recommended
Recommended
No data available
12.2.2 NON METALLIC MATERIAL:
Several elastomers have exhibited a potential for swelling and hardening under
influence of various Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline. It is very difficult to generalise the
material for gasket, seals due to change in composition of elastomers. Manufacturer
shall be consulted for intensive use of specific Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline.
▪
POLYMERIC MATERIALS- ELASTOMERS:
Polymeric
materialselastomers
Nitrile/ Buna-N-NBR-hoses and
gaskets
Nitrile/ Buna-N-NBR-seals
Polyfluoroelastomers
Natural rubber
Fluorosilicone rubber
Polychloroprene-hoses
and
gasket
Polychloroprene-seals
Polysulphide rubber
Silicone Rubber
Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)
E10
E15-E25
E100
Recommended
No data available
Recommended
Not Recommended
Recommended
Not Recommended
Not Recommended
Recommended
No data available
No data available
No data available
Not Recommended
No data available
Recommended
No data available
Not Recommended
No data available
Recommended
Not Recommended
Recommended
Not Recommended
Not Recommended
No data available
No data available
No data available
No data available
No data available
No data available
No data available
No data available
Viton F-605C/ Viton VTR-9209
Not Recommended
Not Recommended
Recommended
Viton G series-Low temperature
Not Recommended
Not Recommended
No data available
33
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No.12

Section Name : Material compatibility
POLYMERIC MATERIALS- THERMOPLASTICS:
E10
Polymeric
materialsthermoplastics
Polyoxymethylene
(POM,
Acetal)
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
(ABS)
Polyethylene (PE)
High Density Poly Ethylene
(HDPE)
Methyl-methacrylate (Perspex)
Polyamide/nylon 6 (PA 11)/
Nylon 12 (PA12)
Polyamide/nylon 6 (PA6)
Polyamide/nylon 6/6 (PA6/6)
Polyethylene
terephthalate
(PET)
PET Glycol-modified (PETG)
Polybutylene
terephthalate
(PBT)
Polypropylene (PP)
Polyethylene sulphide (PPS)
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE,
e.g Teflon)
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Clause 12.2.2 to 12.2.2
E15-E25
E100
Recommended
Not Recommended
No data available
Not Recommended
Not Recommended
No data available
Recommended
Not Recommended
No data available
Not Recommended
No data available
No data available
No data available
Not Recommended
No data available
Not Recommended
Not Recommended
Not Recommended
Recommended
Recommended
Not Recommended
Recommended
Recommended
E15:Recommended
E25:Not
Recommended
No data available
Not Recommended
Not Recommended
No data available
Not Recommended
No data available
No data available
No data available
Recommended
Recommended
No data available
Recommended
No data available
Recommended
No data available
Recommended
Recommended
Not Recommended
Not Recommended
Not Recommended
No data available
Not Recommended
E12-E20
E85-E100
No data available
POLYMERIC MATERIALS- THERMOSETS:
Polymeric Materialsthermosets
Epoxy coatings, fibreglassreinforced polyester, vinyl ester
and epoxy resins
Polyurethane and urethane
coatings (splash protection)

Page 4 of 4
E10
A wide range of proprietary and generic materials is commercially
available. Simple terms such as GRP or FRP can include different resin
and reinforcement systems. The manufacturer should be consulted for
specific recommendations.
POLYMERIC MATERIALS-MISCELLANEOUS:
materialsE10
E15-E25
E100
pipe
Not Recommended
No data available
No data available
Not Recommended
Not Recommended
Not Recommended
Polymeric
miscellaneous
Alcohol-based
dope/sealant
Cork
34
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No. 13
13.0
Section Name : General safety
information
Page 1 of 1
Clause 13.0 to 13.0
GENERAL SAFETY INFORMATION:
For safety related information, detail procedure issued by individual oil company shall
be referred. Appendix VIII and Appendix IX of this manual shall be referred for safety
data sheet of Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline and Ethanol.
35
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No. 14
14.0
Section Name : Disposal
Page 1 of 1
Clause 14.0 to 14.0
DISPOSAL:
The disposal methodology should be followed in line with safety department of individual
oil company, pollution control board, hazardous waste management and other statutory
requirements.
36
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No.-
Section Name : Appendix List
Page 1 of 1
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
NO
DETAILS
Appendix I
Test of Ethanol Content (Method for determination of) :
(A). % Purity of Ethanol (received by TT/TW):
(B). % of Ethanol in Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline by Water Extraction Method
(C). Hydrocarbon Contamination in Ethanol
Appendix II
Diagram of Ethanol Blending (Typical line diagram of Ethanol Automatic filling
Facility at location)
Appendix III
Typical drawing of blending at tank truck filling gantry (Typical line diagram of
Ethanol Facility at location)
Appendix IV
Ethanol Receipt Register
Appendix V
Batch control log book of Ethanol tank
Appendix VI
Storage tank cleaning record
Appendix VII
Dimension of 150 ml cylinder (Typical diagram of 150 ml measuring cylinder for
estimation of Ethanol in Ethanol blended Gasoline by Water extraction method)
Appendix VIII Safety Data Sheet of Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline
Appendix IX
Safety Data Sheet of Ethanol
37
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No. Appendix I
Section Name : Test for Ethanol content
Page 1 of 5
TEST METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF ETHANOL CONTENT:
(A) IN ETHANOL (RECEIVED BY TT):
For determining the percentage of Ethanol content table 1 and table 2 of IS 2302: 1989
should be used.
(B) IN ETHANOL BLENDED MOTOR GASOLINE :
Method for Determination of ethanol content in 5%, 10%, 12%, 15% and 20% Ethanol
blended Motor Gasoline by using Water - A Field Test ( IS 2796 / IS 17021 / IS 17586;
Annexure C).
1. SCOPE:
This method covers the determination of Ethanol content in Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline
as field test at supply point, retail outlet etc, by using water. This method provides a test of
on line Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline for Ethanol content by % by volume. The method
can suitably be used for quality monitoring of Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline for Ethanol
content in downstream. In case of dispute the sample may be subjected to test method
ASTM D4815 as referred in IS 2796 for Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline (E10 fuel), IS 17586
for E12 and E15 fuel and IS 17021 (latest edition) for E20 fuel respectively.
2. REFERENCE:
a. Motor Gasoline - specification IS 2796 (latest edition) / IS 17021 (latest edition) / IS
17586 (latest edition).
b. Anhydrous Ethanol for use in automotive fuel IS 15464.
3. DEFINITIONS:
a. ETHANOL / DENATURED ETHANOL: Ethanol is the pure chemical, otherwise known
as Hydroxyethane, corresponding to the constitution CH3CH2OH and molecular formula:
C2H5OH. Nominally Anhydrous Ethanol made unfit for beverage use by the addition of
noxious or toxic materials (denaturants) and same is used as Ethanol for the purpose of
this test method.
b. MOTOR GASOLINE: A volatile mixture of liquid hydrocarbon, generally containing a
small amount of additives, suitable for use as a fuel in spark ignition internal combustion
engines conforming to IS: 2796 (latest edition).
c. 5% ETHANOL BLENDED MOTOR GASOLINE: A fuel consisting primarily of Motor
Gasoline blended with 5% (V/V) of denatured Anhydrous Ethanol for fuel conforming to
IS: 2796 (latest edition) .
d. 10% ETHANOL BLENDED MOTOR GASOLINE: A fuel consisting primarily of Motor
Gasoline blended with 10% (V/V) of denatured Anhydrous Ethanol for fuel conforming
to IS:2796 (latest edition)
e. 12% ETHANOL BLENDED MOTOR GASOLINE: An admixture of Anhydrous Ethanol
meeting IS 15464 at 12 percent by volume and Ethanol free Motor Gasoline meeting IS
2796 at 88 percent by volume.
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No. Appendix I
Section Name : Test for Ethanol content
Page 2 of 5
f. 15% ETHANOL BLENDED MOTOR GASOLINE: An admixture of Anhydrous Ethanol
meeting IS 15464 at 15 percent by volume and ethanol free motor gasoline meeting IS
2796 at 85 percent by volume.
g. 20% ETHANOL BLENDED MOTOR GASOLINE: A fuel consisting primarily of Motor
Gasoline blended with 20% V/V of denatured Anhydrous Ethanol for fuel conforming to
IS 17021 (latest revision).
WATER: Distilled Water is preferred for extraction procedure, but potable water may be
used.
4. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE:
The test method is employed to check the percentage of Ethanol in Ethanol blended Motor
Gasoline, as Ethanol is having more affinity towards water due to polarity. The addition of
water in Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline extracts the Ethanol present in the Ethanol blended
Motor Gasoline into aqueous phase. The increase in the water level indicates the quantity
of Ethanol in Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline.
5. APPARATUS / MATERIAL:
a. 150 ml glass stoppered calibrated cylinder with 0.5 ml graduation from 0 to 50 ml and
1 ml graduation from 50 to 150 ml having dimensions as per IS 2796 (latest revision;
Appendix VII).
b. 10 or 25 ml and 5 ml calibrated glass pipette (Class A certificate).
c. Distilled Water.
6. CALIBRATION OF KNOWN ETHANOL CONTENT IN ETHANOL BLENDED MOTOR
GASOLINE AND ITS EXTRACTION:
a. Prepare twelve number of synthetic Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline with the
concentration of 2 to 16 ml of Ethanol concentration by percentage volume for up to E15
and 2 to 24 ml of Ethanol concentration by percentage volume for E20.
b. Take each 100 ml sample in 150 ml graduated stoppered glass cylinder along with one
blank Motor Gasoline (without Ethanol).
c. Add precisely 30 ml of water to sample.
d. Shake the stopper cylinder vigorously for at least for 30 seconds.
e. Loosen the stopper of glass cylinder to release the vapour pressure in the cylinder but
do not remove the stopper.
f. Tighten the stopper and allow the stopper cylinder to stand undisturbed at ambient
temperature upright on the levelled surface for a period of at least five minutes to allow
the Water-Ethanol mixture to settle to the bottom.
g. If separation of two layers is not complete lightly tap the cylinder to encourage the
complete separation.
h. Record the level of aqueous layer in glass cylinder by reading the measurement at the
lowest part of the meniscus.
39
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No. Appendix I
i.
j.
Section Name : Test for Ethanol content
Page 3 of 5
Presence of Ethanol % in Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline = Volume of aqueous
layer observed in graduated cylinder–30 ml (water added during testing).
Plot a graph on various values obtained in “i” as ordinates (X-axis) vis-à-vis
corresponding synthetic blend as per “a” as abscissa (Y-axis) including that of the
observation made on the blank.
7. GRAPH (Example: A calibration chart for Ethanol % in Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline):
TYPICAL CALIBRATION CHART FOR ESTIMATION OF ETHANOL % IN EBMG BY
WATER EXTRACTION METHODS:
% Ethanol Added in EBMG
and % Ethanol obtained by
water extraction method up
to 16% Vol
Calibration Chart : % Ethanol in EBMG (up to 16% V/V)
18
16
2
Ethanol
Extracted %
Vol.
from EBMG
1.5
5
4.5
8
7.0
10
9.0
4
12
11.0
2
16
15.0
0
% Ethanol added
Ethanol %
Added in
EBMG
Y = 1.0437X + 0.484
14
12
10
8
6
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
% Ethanol extracted
𝒀 (%𝑬𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒍) = 𝑿(% 𝑬𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒍 𝑬𝒙𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒅) ∗ 𝟏. 𝟎𝟒𝟑𝟕 + 𝟎. 𝟒𝟖𝟒
40
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16
INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No. Appendix I
Section Name : Test for Ethanol content
% Ethanol Added in EBMG and % Ethanol
obtained by water extraction method up to
24% Vol
Ethanol Extracted % Vol.
from EBMG
2
1.5
5
4.5
8
7.0
10
9.0
12
10.5
16
15.0
18
17.0
20
19.0
22
21.0
24
23.0
Calibration Chart : % Ethanol in EBMG (up to
24% V/V)
30
% Ethanol added
Ethanol % Added in
EBMG
Page 4 of 5
Y = 1.0179X + 0.7219
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
% Ethanol extracted
𝒀 (%𝑬𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒍) = 𝑿(% 𝑬𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒍 𝑬𝒙𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒅) ∗ 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟗 + 𝟎. 𝟕𝟐𝟏𝟗
8. PROCEDURE (OUTLINE OF THE TEST METHOD AT SUPPLY LOCATIONS):
a. Take 100 ml sample of Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline under test in 150 ml graduated
stoppered glass cylinder (thoroughly cleaned and dried).
b. Add precisely 30 ml water to the sample taken in the glass cylinder.
c. Shake the stopper cylinder vigorously for at least 30 seconds.
d. Loosen the stopper of glass cylinder to release the vapour pressure in the cylinder but do
not remove the stopper.
e. Tighten the stopper and allow the stopper cylinder to stand undisturbed at ambient
temperature upright on the levelled surface for a period of at least five minutes to allow the
Water-Ethanol mixture to settle to the bottom.
f. If separation of two layers is not complete lightly tap the cylinder to encourage the complete
separation.
Record the level of aqueous layer in glass cylinder by reading the measurement at the
lowest part of the meniscus.
g. Presence of Ethanol % in Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline =
Volume of aqueous layer observed in graduated cylinder – 30 ml (water added during
testing).
41
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No. Appendix I
Section Name : Test for Ethanol content
Page 5 of 5
9. CALCULATION:
a) Observation made under 8 (g), is to be put on the ordinate and the corresponding
concentration of Ethanol is to be obtained from the abscissa.
b) Whenever there is a change in source of Motor Gasoline, for better results, it is
recommended to re-plot the graph as mentioned in the paragraph 6 (j).
10. REPORT:
Report the fully corrected results to the nearest 0.5 ml as the ethanol water mixture and
report after deducting 30 ml (water added during testing), as percentage of Ethanol content
available in the given Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline sample.
11. REPEATABILITY / REPRODUCIBILITY:
Calibration chart (5-20% V/V) shall be used for exact estimation of Ethanol % in Ethanol
blended Motor Gasoline.
Based on the field tests, it was observed that a maximum of 4.5 ml (average) of Ethanol
content is extracted in to the aqueous phase as against 5 ml ethanol added in 5% Ethanol
blended Motor Gasoline.
Similarly, it was observed that a maximum of 9.0 ml (average) of Ethanol content is extracted
in to the aqueous phase as against 10 ml Ethanol added in 10% Ethanol blended Motor
Gasoline.
It was also observed that a maximum of 19.0 ml (average) of Ethanol content is extracted
in to the aqueous phase as against 20 ml Ethanol added in 20% Ethanol blended Motor
Gasoline.
Percentage
5% (V/V)
10% to 16% (V/V)
20% (V/V)
Repeatability/ Reproducibility
0.5 ml (Approximately)
1.0 ml (Approximately)
1.5 ml (Approximately)
(C) CHECKS FOR HYDROCARBON CONTAMINATION IN ETHANOL:
To ensure that there is no contamination of hydrocarbon with Ethanol, take 50 ml of water in
100 ml clean graduated stoppered glass cylinder (A class), put 50 ml of Ethanol at the top of
it. Stopper the cylinder and shake thoroughly for 15 sec. Set aside the cylinder. Observe
that water is fully soluble with Ethanol and no layer is formed. This ensures no contamination
of hydrocarbons with Ethanol.
42
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No. Appendix II Section Name : Diagram of Ethanol blending
Page 1 of 1
ETHANOL BLENDING FACILITY AT LOCATION
A. ONLINE BLENDING:
B. IN TANK BLENDING / BATCH BLENDING:
43
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No. Appendix III
Section Name : Typical drawing of blending at
tank truck filling gantry
Page 1 of 1
TYPICAL LINE DIARAM OF ETHANOL BLENDING AT TTFG
44
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No. Appendix IV
Section Name : Ethanol Receipt Register
Page 1 of 1
LOCATION:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
QC CHECKS ON RECEIPT OF ETHANOL BY TANK TRUCK/TANK WAGON
SL.No.
Supplier’s Name
Tank Truck/ Wagon No.
Quantity in KL
Supplier's Quality Certificate details
Ethanol content at 15.6/15.6°C, % vol, as per Supplier’s Certificate
Date & Time of samples drawn
Date tested
Samples drawn by
Testing carried out by
TESTS
RESULTS
C1
T
C1
B
C2
T
C2
B
C3
T C3 B C4 T C4 B C5 T C5 B
METHOD
W1 T W1 B W2 T W2 B W3 T W3 B W4 T W4 B W5 T W5 B
1. Appearance
Visual
2. Colour, Visual
Visual
3. Ethanol Content % vol @15.6/15.6°C
a) Observed Temperature°C
b) Observed Degree
c) Corresponding Degree @ 20°C
d) Volume at 20°C conversion factor
IS 2302
e) Real Strength (c/d)
f) Correction Volume percent to convert
Ethanol Content by vol.at 15.6/15.6°C
4. Specific Gravity @ 15.6/15.6°C
IS 321
5. Hydro Carbon contamination check
Ethanol
Manual
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Remarks (C denotes for Compartment/ W for Wagon)
Quantity of additive doped: a) Corrosion Inhibitor…………….; b) Anti-oxidant…………………..
Signature of Officer
45
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Comp
Comp
INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No. Appendix V
Section Name: Batch control log book of Ethanol tank
Page 1 of 1
BATCH CONTROL LOG BOOK OF ETHANOL TANK
LOCATION…………………
Originating
location &
Test report
No
Quantity
received
(in KLs)
Batch No
(e.g. ETH/TT/BPC/BIJ/5/2)
Test Results
Signature
% Purity of
Ethanol
Mode of
Receipt
(TT/TW) &
Nos
Colour
(Visual)
Date of
receipt
CAPACITY (KL):
Appearance
TANK NO:
46
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No. Appendix VI
Section Name : Storage tank cleaning record
Page 1 of 1
STORAGE TANK CLEANING DATA
LOCATION:
Tank
No
Capacity
(KL)
Grade
Date of
Last
Cleaning
Extension
Approval if
Any
Tank Cleaning
Cleaning
was
due on
Expired
on
Emptied
on
After Tank Cleaning
Boxed
up on
1st Parcel
Received
on
BF Test
Report No
/ Date
Signature of
Supervisor
47
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Location
In
Charge
INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No. Appendix VII
Section Name : Dimension of 150 ml cylinder
Page 1 of 1
DIMENSION OF 150 ML GRADUATED STOPPERED CYLINDER FOR
ETHANOL CHECKS IN EBMG
48
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No. Appendix VIII
Section Name : Safety Data Sheet of Ethanol
blended Motor Gasoline
Page 1 of 3
SAFETY DATA SHEET: ETHANOL BLENDED MOTOR GASOLINE
1. CHEMICAL IDENTITY:
Chemical Name :
Chemical Formula :
Synonyms :
General Use :
C A S No. :
U N No. :
Regulated Identification:
Ethanol blended Motor Gasoline
Complex mixture of hydrocarbons
5-15% ethanol doped Motor Gasoline/Petrol
Motor Fuel
Not Listed
Not Listed
Shipping Name: Ethanol Doped Gasoline
Hazchem Code
:3 Y E
2. HAZARADS IDENTIFICATION:
Primary Entry Routes :
Acute Effects :
Ingestion, inhalation, skin and eyes
Inhalation: can cause dizziness, headache and nausea, depresses central
nervous system and has an anesthetic effect. Breathing of liquid droplets
may lead to chemical pneumonia.
Ingestion: can lead to nausea, diarrhea and affect central nervous system.
Skin irritant: Prolonged contact can result in skin drying and dermatitis.
Eye irritant: Contact with eye causes pain and slight transient corneal
epithelial disturbances.
Carcinogenicity :
Chronic Effects :
Benzene component is listed as carcinogenic
No data available
3. FIRST AID MEASURES:
Eyes :
Skin :
Inhalation :
Ingestion :
Flush with water for 15 min. Get medical attention.
Wash with water & soap.
Remove to fresh air. Consult a physician if irritation persists.
Do not induce vomiting. Do not give liquids. Get medical help at once.
4. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES :
Flash Point :
(-) 40 °C
Auto ignition Temperature :
455°C (highly variable)
LEL :
4.3 %
UEL :
19 %
Flammability Classification :
Flammable
Extinguishing Media :
Polar solvent Foam, Dry Chemical Powder, CO2
Unusual Fire or Explosion
Heat produces vapours and can cause violent rupture of
Hazards :
containers. Vapours may travel long distance and can flash back.
Hazardous Combustion
Products:
Carbon di oxide, carbon mono oxide, benzene
Firefighting instructions: Small fires can be extinguished by hand held extinguishers. Major fires may require
withdrawal and allowing the tank to burn. Fire fighters should wear self-breathing apparatus while fighting fire.
49
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No. Appendix VIII
Section Name : Safety Data Sheet of Ethanol
blended Motor Gasoline
Page 2 of 3
5. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES:
Small Spills :
Containment :
Cleanup :
Shut off leaks without risk. Absorb on sand or earth.
Prevent spillage from entering drains or water sources
After spills wash area with soap and water preventing runoff from entering
drains.
6. HANDLING AND STORAGE:
Handling Precautions :
Do not use/store near heat/open flame. Avoid contact with liquid or
vapours. Use gumboots, gloves while handling the product. Do not inhale.
Stay upwind while handling the product. Product should never be used to
remove oil or grease from skin. It should not be siphoned by mouth. Tanks
and dispensing equipments should be grounded to reduce static charge
fires. It should be stored in closed containers away from heat & source of
ignition. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Wash thoroughly after handling.
Use flameproof electrical equipment only.
Earth all equipment and pipelines properly.
Store in an enclosed vessel in a cool, well ventilated area away from heat
& flame.
Gas free the tank before entering / cleaning.
Change oil soaked clothings promptly.
Storage Requirements :
Do not use/store near heat/open flame/water/acids
7. EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION:
Engineering Controls :
Average (TWA)
Respiratory Protection :
Equipment :
Stability :
Provide proper ventilation for environment to be below Time Waited
Use respiratory protection if ventilation is improper Protective Clothing /
Use face shield, PVC gloves, safety boots while handling.
Contaminated clothing to be immediately removed.
Chemically stable
8. PROTECTION PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
Physical State :
Appearance and Odour :
Specific Gravity :
Water Solubility :
Boiling Point :
Freezing Point :
Vapour Density :
Liquid at 150C & 1 atm
Water white liquid, dyed orange or red for detection.
Characteristic hydrocarbon like odour
0.71 to 0.77 gm / cc
Insoluble
35 °C to 210 °C
Below (-) 40oC
3 to 4 (Air = 1)
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No. Appendix VIII
Section Name : Safety Data Sheet of Ethanol
blended Motor Gasoline
Page 3 of 3
9.0 STABILITY AND REACTIVITY:
Chemical Incompatibilities :
Conditions to Avoid :
Hazardous Decomposition
Products :
Incompatible with oxidizing agents & chlorine. Reacts vigorously with
oxidising materials.
Can undergo auto-oxidation in air & generate heat which can build up in a
confined space to cause spontaneous combustion
Carbon di oxide, carbon mono oxide
10.0TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION:
* AICIGH TLV TWA :
Toxicity Data :
Acute Inhalation Effects :
Gasoline – 300 ppm , Benzene – 0.5 ppm, MTBE – 50 ppm
LD50 (Oral-Rat) 18.75 ml / kg
Benzene component is carcinogenic.
11.0 ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION:
Prevent spillage from entering drains or water sources. After spills wash area with soap and water
preventing runoff from entering drains. Can burn with lot of heat producing CO2 and CO.
12.0 DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS:
Disposal :
Disposal must be in accordance with current applicable laws and
regulations, and material characteristics at time of disposal.
13.0TRANSPORT INFORMATION :
Shipping Name :
Ethanol Doped Motor Gasoline
14.0 REGULATORY INFORMATION :
Moderate – Toxic / Flammable Substance
American Institutional Conference for Industrial & Govt. Hygenist (AICIGH)
* Threshhold Limit Value (TLV)
* Time Waited Average (TWA)
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
Section No. Appendix IX
Section Name : Safety Data Sheet of Ethanol
Page 1 of 3
SAFETY DATA SHEET: ETHANOL FOR AUTOMOTIVE USE
(Typical SDS of Anhydrous Ethanol for use in Automotive Fuel. However, Individual suppliers
shall be contacted for detail SDS of Anhydrous ethanol for use in Automotive Fuel)
a. Ethanol comes under Class ‘A’ and hence all safety precautions need to be taken as
required for Class ‘A’ product. Ethanol is a flammable liquid with a flash point of 13°C. It
requires fire-fighting facilities like, Alcohol Type Concentrate Foam (ATC) or CO2/Dry
Chemical Powder (DCP) extinguishers.
b. Earthing and bonding procedure shall be followed as being done for other Class ‘A’
products.
c. Ethanol safety data sheet :















Chemical formula
Mol. Wt.
Appearance and odour
Octane(R+M)/2
RON/MON
Lower heating value BTUs/lb.
Reid Vapour pressure (psi)
Ignition Point :
a) Fuel in air percentage
b) Temperature (approx. ºC)
Specific Gravity 15.6º / 15.6ºC
Boiling point ºC
Solubility in water @ 21ºC%vol
Flame visibility
LEL / UEL
Flash Point ºC
Cubical expansion Lt./kl/°C
: C2H5OH
: 46.07
: Clear, Colourless, volatile liquid with an ethereal odour
: 98-100
: 108.6/89.7
: 11,500
: 2.3
: 3-19
: 455
: 0.7936
: 78
: 100
: Poor
: 4.3 / 19
: 13.0
: 1.12
d. Extinguishing media :
Carbon dioxide, Dry Chemical Powder & water for small fires and Polar Solvent Foam for
large fires.
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Section Name : Safety Data Sheet of Ethanol
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e. Special fire fighting procedures:
Use necessary protective equipment & breathing apparatus as would normally be used
when fighting fires where there may be danger of breathing hazardous products of
combustion.
f.
Unusual fire and explosion hazards:
Flammable liquid
g. Stability:
Stable
h. Conditions to avoid in normal use (incompatibility, material to avoid) :
May react vigorously with oxidizing material
i.
Hazardous decomposition or by- products :
Combustion may produce COx, NOx and reactive hydrocarbons. Hazardous polymerisation
will not occur.
j.
Health hazards :
Roots of entry inhalation / skin / ingestion
k. Acute and chronic health hazards:
May cause mucus membrane irritation, unconsciousness, respiratory failures and death.
l.
Toxicity:
Moderate
m. Signs and symptoms of exposures:
May cause dizziness, loss of balance and co-ordination
n. Emergency and safety procedures:
If swallowed, induce vomiting. If inhaled, remove person to fresh air. Give artificial
respiration if breathing has stopped and call a physician.
If splashed in eyes or on skin, flush immediately with copious amounts of water.
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Section Name : Safety Data Sheet of Ethanol
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o. Precautions for safe handling and use:
In case spilled, released out, then eliminate all sources of ignition. Small spills should be
flushed with large quantities of water. Large spills should be collected for waste disposal.
p. Best disposal methods:
Do not allow entering sewers where vapours may become ignited. Incinerate under the law.
Explore for resale to supplier.
q. Precautions to be taken in handling and storage:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Keep away from heat, sparks and open flames;
Keep containers closed;
Use with adequate ventilation;
Use explosion proof electrical equipment and
Non-sparking tools.
r. Protective Controlled measures:
Air supplied mask to be used for a high concentration as a respiratory precaution. Use
protective rubber gloves and goggles for eyes. Eye bath and Safety shower is recommended
as outer protective equipment.
s. Salient features:
Carcinogenic compounds are not present in pure Ethanol.
t.
Environmental impact of Ethanol Doped Motor Gasoline:
1. Ethanol Doped Motor Gasoline vehicle reduces most of the exhaust emissions.
2. Compared with Motor Gasoline vehicle, the Ethanol Doped Motor Gasoline vehicle produces
lower hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions.
3. At operating temperature, the catalytic converter in an Ethanol Doped Motor Gasoline
vehicle is very efficient at breaking down aldehydes in to less harmful chemicals.
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INDUSTRY QUALITY MANUAL FOR ETHANOL AND BLENDS
-: END OF THE MANUAL:-
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