15. A researcher is studying the relationship between criminal behavior and mental health. Which
theoretical framework would be most appropriate for this study?
A. Social Learning Theory B. Social Control Theory
C. General Strain Theory D. Psychological Theory
14. A researcher is studying the relationship between poverty and crime rates. Which conceptual
framework would be most appropriate for this study?
A. Strain Theory
B. Social Disorganization Theory
C. Social Learning Theory D. Labeling Theory
13. A researcher is studying the relationship between parental involvement and juvenile delinquency.
Which conceptual framework would be most appropriate for this study?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Social Control Theory
Differential Association Theory
Self-Control Theory
General Strain Theory
12. What is a theoretical framework?
A. A set of interrelated concepts and propositions that Explain the phenomenon being studied
B. A visual representation of the research design C. An outline of the data collection procedures D. A
summary of the literature review
11. What is the main difference between a conceptual framework and A theoretical framework?
A. A conceptual framework explains the research design, while a theoretical framework explains
the research question
B. A conceptual framework explains the key concepts and variables of the study, while a
theoretical framework provides a set of interrelated concepts and propositions.
C. A conceptual framework provides a visual representation of the research design, while a
theoretical framework provides a summary of the literature review.
D. A conceptual framework Is developed during the data analysis stage, while a theoretical
framework is developed during the literature review stage.
10. What is the purpose of a conceptual framework?
A.
B.
C.
D.
To provide a visual representation of the research Design
To outline the data collection procedures
To clarify the key concepts and variables of the study
To present the findings of the research
9. A researcher is interested in studying the attitudes of college students towards gun control. The
researcher selects participants from a list of all college students in the country. Which sampling
technique is being used in this study?
A. Stratified sampling
B. Convenience sampling
C. Snowball sampling
D. Cluster sampling
8. A researcher is conducting a study on the relationship between social media use and cyberbullying.
The researcher selects participants who follow a specific social media account related to bullying
prevention. Which sampling technique is being used in this study?
A. Stratified sampling B. Convenience sampling
C. Snowball sampling D. Cluster sampling
7. A researcher is interested in studying the experiences of female victims of domestic violence in a
specific community. The researcher decides to select participants who have accessed services from local
shelters for victims of domestic violence. Which sampling technique is being used in this study?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Random sampling
Purposive sampling
Quota sampling
Cluster sampling
6. A researcher is conducting a study on the prevalence of Drug use among teenagers in a specific city.
The Researcher decides to select participants from different high Schools in the area. Which sampling
technique is being Used in this study?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Stratified sampling
Convenience sampling
Snowball sampling
Cluster sampling
5. Which of the following is an example of a data collection method that uses observation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Surveys
Interviews
Experiments
Case studies
4. Which of the following is an example of a rating scale question?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Yes or No
Multiple choice
Likert scale
Open-ended
3. What is the purpose of obtaining informed consent from Research participants?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A To ensure that participants are aware of the purpose and risks of the study
To recruit participants for the study
To compensate participants for their time and effort
To ensure that participants will not drop out of the study
2. What is the purpose of a pilot test in the research Process?
A.
B.
C.
D.
To ensure that the research instrument is reliable and valid
To select the participants for the study
To analyze the data collected from the study
To finalize the research questions for the study
1. Which of the following is an example of a closed-ended question?
A.
B.
D.
E.
What do you think about the effectiveness of community policing?
How do you feel about the implementation of community policing in your neighborhood?
Do you think community policing is an effective way to Reduce crime rates?
Can you describe your experience with community policing?
15. Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Number of crimes reported in a city
Age of participants in a study
Results of a survey with yes or no questions
Descriptions of interviewees’ experiences with crime
14. Which of the following is an advantage of using Secondary data in research?
A.
B.
C.
D.
It is more accurate than primary data
It is easier to collect than primary data
It is more up-to-date than primary data
It is less expensive than primary data
13. Which of the following types of data involves assigning Numbers to categories with an inherent
order and Meaningful differences between the categories, but without A true zero point?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Nominal data
Ordinal data
Interval data
Ratio data
12. Which of the following types of data involves assigning numbers to categories with an inherent
order, but without any meaningful differences between the categories?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Nominal data
Ordinal data
Interval data
Ratio data
11. Which of the following types of data involves assigning numbers to categories without any inherent
order?
A. Nominal data
B. Ordinal data
C. Interval data
D. Ratio data
10. Which of the following data collection methods involves the researcher observing and recording
behavior in a Natural setting?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Case studies
Experiments
Surveys
Observations
9. Which of the following data collection methods involves the researcher asking open-ended questions
to explore a topic in depth?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Surveys
Experiments
Interviews
Observations
8. Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Experiment results
Census data
Narrative reports
Standardized test scores
7. Which of the following is an example of quantitative data?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Participant observation notes
Interview transcripts
Survey responses
Case study reports
6. Which of the following should be avoided when writing a research problem statement?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Being too general
Being too specific
Including research questions
Including a literature review
5. What is the importance of a clear and concise research problem statement?
A.
B.
C.
D.
It provides a summary of the research study
It helps to identify the research methodology
It guides the research process
It explains the research findings
4. Which of the following is an example of a poorly written research problem statement?
A. “This study will investigate the relationship between crime and poverty.”
B.
“The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship Between crime and poverty in Davao
del Sur.”
C. “This study will examine the impact of poverty on crime rates in urban areas.”
D. “The objective of this study is to analyze the correlation between poverty and crime rates in
urban areas.”
3. Which of the following should be included in a research problem statement?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A description of the research methodology
A summary of the literature review.
A clear and concise statement of the research preview
A discussion of the research findings
2. What is the primary purpose of a research problem Statement?
A.
B.
C.
D.
To summarize the research study
To provide a clear and concise statement of the research problem
To describe the research methodology
To explain the research findings
1. Which of the following is the most important component of a research problem statement?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The research questions
The theoretical framework
The literature review
The research design
15. During which stage of research should a researcher Ensure that the data analysis is done in an ethical
and Unbiased manner?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Before the conduct of the study of the study
The beginning
Collecting data
Analyzing the data
14. At which stage of research should a researcher ensure That all data collected is accurate and
complete?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Before the conduct of the study
The beginning of the study
Collecting data
Analyzing the data
13. During which stage of research should a researcher ensure that all data collected are confidential
and secure?
A. Before the conduct of the study of the study
B. The beginning
C. Collecting data
D. Reporting, sharing, and storing of data
12. During which stage of research should a researcher obtain informed consent from study
participants?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Before the conduct of the study
The beginning of the study
Collecting data
Analyzing the data
11. A researcher conducted a study on the effectiveness of A community policing program in reducing
crime rates. To Enhance applicability, the researcher:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Included participants from different neighborhoods and demographics
Conducted the study in a controlled laboratory setting
Only included participants who had previously been victims of crime
Excluded participants who were law enforcement
10. A researcher conducted a study on the effects of a new policing strategy on crime rates. To enhance
applicability. The researcher:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Conducted the study In a real-world setting
Only included participants who were law enforcement officials
Excluded participants who had a history of criminal Activity
Used a pre-existing survey questionnaire
9. A researcher is conducting a study on the impact of physical abuse on the mental health of victims.
She ensures that the participants are not subjected to any psychological or physical harm. What ethical
principle is she following?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Informed consent
Confidentiality
Debriefing
Protection from harm
8. A researcher is conducting a study on the effectiveness Of a new rehabilitation program for sex
offenders. She Ensures that the participants’ identities remain anonymous Throughout the study. What
Ethical Principle is she Following?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Informed consent
Confidentiality
Debriefing
Protection from harm
7. A criminologist is conducting a study on the effectiveness of a new rehabilitation program for drug
addicts. He ensures that the participants are not coerced into participating in the study. What ethical
principle is he following?
A) Informed consent
B) Confidentiality
C) Debriefing D) Protection from harm
6. A researcher is conducting a study on the impact of Police brutality on the mental health of victims.
She ensures That the data collected is accurate and unbiased. What Ethical principle is she following?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Informed consent
Confidentiality
Debriefing
Trustworthiness
5. Which of the following is an essential component of research ethics?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Ensuring the study produces significant results
Ensuring the study adheres to the research design
Ensuring the study is replicable
Ensuring the study is conducted with integrity and Honesty
4. A researcher is conducting a study on the impact of prison rehabilitation programs on recidivism
rates. Which of the following is an example of a potential ethical concern in this study?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Providing monetary incentives to participants
Ensuring confidentiality of participants
Reporting results in a timely manner
Use of deception
3. A researcher is conducting a study on the prevalence of Drug use among young adults. Which ethical
consideration Is most Important in this study?
A. Protecting participants from physical harm B. Ensuring confidentiality of participants
C. Providing monetary incentives to participants D. Reporting results in a timely manner
2. When conducting quantitative research, which of the following is essential in ensuring ethical
behavior of researchers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Falsification of results
Use of deception
Obtaining informed consent from participants
Providing monetary incentives to participants
1. When conducting a study on the experiences of incarcerated individuals, what ethical consideration
should the researcher prioritize?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Maintaining confidentiality
Achieving high response rates
Obtaining quick results
Ensuring generalizability
15. You are writing a literature review on the impact of community Policing on crime rates. Which of the
following is the correct APA Format for citing a book in your reference list?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Smith, John (2020). The Effects of Community Policing. Publisher.
John Smith (2020). The Effects of Community Policing. Publisher.
The Effects of Community Policing. John Smith (2020). Publisher.
Smith, J. (2020). The Effects of Community Policing. Publisher.
14. You are writing a literature review on the causes of juvenile Delinquency. Which of the following is
the correct APA format for citing a website in your reference list?
A. Juvenile Delinquency Causes. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.example.com
B. Example website. https://www.example.com (n.d.). Juvenile Delinquency Causes.
13. You are writing a literature review on the relationship between mental health and criminal behavior.
Which of the following is the correct APA format for citing an edited book in your reference list?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Editor Name (Ed.), Book Title (Year). Publisher.
Book Title, Editor Name (Year). Publisher.
Book Title (Year). Editor Name. Publisher.
Editor Name, Book Title (Year). Publisher.
12. Scenario: You are citing a study in your literature review that was published in 2005. How should you
format the year of publication in your APA-style reference?
A.
B.
C.
D.
(2005)
2005
‘05
(05)
11. You are citing a study in your literature review that has two authors, Jones and Smith. Which of the
following is the correct format for citing this study in your reference list, using APA style?
A. Jones, S., & Smith, R. (2010). The impact of restorative justice on Juvenile offenders. Journal of
Criminal Justice, 15, 25-38.
B. S. Jones & R. Smith (2010). The impact of restorative justice on juvenile offenders. Journal of
Criminal Justice, 15, 25-38.
C. Jones, S., Smith, R. (2010). The impact of restorative justice on juvenile offenders. Journal of
Criminal Justice, 15, 25-38.
D. Jones, S., & Smith, R. (2010). The impact of restorative justice on juvenile offenders. Journal of
Criminal Justice, 15(2), 25-38.
10. What is the appropriate way to cite a source that was cited in another source in APA format?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Only include the original source in the reference list
Include both the original source and the source that cited It in the reference list
Include both the original source and the source that cited it in the in-text citation
None of the above
9. What is the main reason why authors must cite their Sources in a literature review?
A.
B.
C.
D.
To demonstrate their knowledge of the topic
To avoid plagiarism
To give credit to the authors of the sources used
None of the above
8. What is the purpose of a reference list in a literature review?
A.
B.
C.
D.
To give credit to the sources used in the paper
To provide a list of sources for readers to consult
To demonstrate the author’s knowledge of the topic
all of the above
7. Which of the following is not a reason why plagiarism is considered unethical?
A.
B.
C.
D.
It is illegal
It can harm the reputation of the author
It violates academic integrity
D. It is disrespectful to the original author
6. What is the appropriate way to paraphrase a source in a Literature review?
A. Copy and paste the text into the paper and change a few words
B. Summarize the main points of the text in your own words
C. Use a thesaurus to find synonyms for each word in the Text D. None of the above
5. What is the main reason why ethics is important in RRL Writing?
A.
B.
C.
D.
To avoid plagiarism
To give proper credit to the authors of the sources used
To ensure that the research is conducted in an ethical Manner
None of the above
4. What is the purpose of a literature review in a research Paper?
A.
B.
C.
D.
To present original research findings
To provide background information on the research topic
To persuade readers to agree with the author’s opinion
To summarize the methodology of previous studies
3. How should references be listed in a literature review in APA format?
A.
B.
C.
D.
In alphabetical order by title
In alphabetical order by author’s last name
In chronological order by date of publication.
In order of relevance to the research topic
2. When citing a reference in APA format, what information should be included in the in-text citation?
A. The author’s last name and year of publication
B. The author’s first and last name and year of publication
C. The title of the article and year of publication
D. The volume number and year of publication
1. What should be included in a literature review?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Personal opinions and experiences
summary of each article and its main findings
A list of potential research questions
None of the above
15. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a quantitative research?
A. It seeks to gather a more comprehensive understanding of activities related to human behavior
and the attributes that rule such behavior.
B. Data are gathered before proposing a conclusion or solution to a problem.
C. Method can be repeated to verify findings in another setting, thus, strengthen and reinforcing
validity of findings eliminating the possibility of spurious conclusions.
D. Figures, tables or graphs showcase summarized data collection in order to show trends,
relationship or differences among variables.
14. If a research reports findings coherently and consistently and with correct reasoning, then a research
is Considered to be
A.
B.
C.
D.
Logical
Empirical
Probabilistic
Objective
13. A researcher is interested in investigating the relationship between drug use and criminal behavior
among incarcerated individuals. Which type of research is most appropriate?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Explanatory research
Exploratory research
Descriptive research
Correlational research
12. A researcher wants to investigate the effectiveness of a new rehabilitation program for inmates.
What is the first up in the research process?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Developing a research question
Collecting data
Analyzing the data
Reporting the findings
11. A criminologist wants to determine the prevalence of cyberbullying among high school students in a
certain school district. In order to do so. The criminologist administers a survey to a sample of high
school students end asks them questions about their experiences with cyberbullying. The criminologist
then analyzes the data to determine the proportion of high school students who have experienced
cyberbullying. This research study aims to provide a baseline understanding of the prevalence of
cyberbullying among high school students in the school district. This scenario demonstrates the
characteristic of research as
A.
B.
C.
D.
Empirical
Logical
Verifiable
Parsimonious
10. A criminologist wants to investigate the relationship between neighborhood status (SES) and the
likelihood of becoming a violation of property crime in a certain city. In order to do so, the criminologist
collects data on neighborhood SES and crime victimization rates and analyzes the data to determine if
there is a significant correlation between e two. This research study aims to test the hypothesis that
individuals ng in lower SES neighborhoods are, more likely to become victims of property crime. This
scenario demonstrates what the characteristic of research?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Objective
Precise
Verifiable
Probabilistic
9. Which kind of research is conducted knowledge and understanding of a topic? To advance
A.
B.
C.
D.
Basic Research
Applied research
Theoretical research
Action research
8. Which kind of research is conducted to solve practical Problems and improve practice?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Basic research
Applied research
Theoretical research
Action research
7. Which type of research aims to understand the meaning And experience of individuals?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Descriptive research
Exploratory research
Explanatory research
Qualitative research
6. Which type of research involves The Collection and analysis of numerical data?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Qualitative research
Quantitative research
Mixed methods research
Action research
5. Which of the following is NOT a type of research?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Qualitative research.
Quantitative research
Mixed methods research
Predictive research
4. What is a research design?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The overall plan for conducting a research study
The specific methods used to collect data
The statistical techniques used to analyze data
The report on the results of the study
3. What is a research question?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A question that guides a research study
A question that is answered by a research study
A question that is not related to the research study
A question that is irrelevant to the research study
2. What is the difference Between qualitative and quantitative research?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Qualitative research focuses on words, while quantitative research focuses on numbers
Qualitative research is experimental, while quantitative Search is non-experimental
Qualitative research is based on surveys, while quantitative research is based on case studies
Qualitative research is historical, while quantitative research is action research
1. What is research?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A systematic inquiry to find answers to a problem
A collection of opinions about a topic
A series of experiments to prove a point
A random search for information