RAAS Runway Awareness and Advisory System Runway Collisions 2 Runway Collisions 3 RAAS I 4 RAAS Philosophy - how it works with E-GPWS • Utilizing the E-GPWS runway database, RAAS recognizes that the aircraft is at an specific airport. • Using GPS signals, RAAS tracks the aircraft position, heading and groundspeed. • RAAS positions a “virtual” box around the E-GPWS runway data and uses algorithms to provide Voice Advisories---- • Algorithm logic then determines the appropriate advisory sequence and timing. • For any given groundspeed, the algorithms increase the advisory distance to maximize and enhance crew reaction time. 5 Routine Advisories Routinely heard by flight crew Purpose 1. 2. 3. 4. Determines closest runway end Aircraft must be on the ground Aircraft groundspeed < 40 kts Aircraft within trigger distance 1. Aircraft must enter onto runway 2. Aircraft heading within +/-20 deg of runway heading Awareness of the runway being approached by the aircraft during ground operations Awareness of which runway the aircraft is lined-up with during ground operations (e.g., "On runway three-four left") Purpose: To help minimize runway incursions with intelligent advisories 6 Optional Routine Advisories Purpose 1. Aircraft 300 – 750 ft. AFE* 2. Aircraft within 3 NM of runway 3. Aircraft track within 20 deg of runway heading 4. Aircraft within 200 ft. laterally of runway centerline + runway width Awareness of which runway the aircraft is tracking on final approach (e.g., "Approaching three four left") * Above Field Elevation 1. Aircraft < 100 ft. on or above the last half of the runway 2. Aircraft groundspeed > 40 kts Awareness of aircraft position relative to the runway end (e.g., "One-thousand remaining") * Note: Operator defined units in feet or meters Purpose: To help avoid runway incursions and runway end excursions with intelligent advisories 7 Optional Non-Routine Advisories Purpose 1. Aircraft must be on runway 2. Aircraft heading within +/- 20 deg of runway heading 3. Aircraft penetrates last 100 ft. of runway pavement 4. Aircraft groundspeed < 40 kts Awareness of the position of the aircraft relative to the runway end (e.g., "One hundred remaining"). Especially useful when back-taxing in poor visibility and especially in blowing snow. Purpose: To help avoid runway end excursion with an intelligent advisory 8 Optional Non-Routine Advisories Purpose 1. Aircraft must be on runway 2. Aircraft heading within +/- 20 deg of runway heading 3. Waiting in position for extended period that is operator defined 6 Awareness of an extended holding period on the runway (e.g., "On runway three-four left, on runway three-four left") 6 Purpose: To help minimize exposure risks of extended holding 9 Optional Non-Routine Advisories Purpose 1. Groundspeed of Aircraft exceeds 40 kts 2. Aircraft is on a surface other than the runway 7 7 1. Aircraft must enter into runway 2. Aircraft heading within +/-20 deg of runway heading 3. Distance for takeoff less than nominal takeoff distance * Note: Operator defined units in feet or meters 8 Awareness of excessive taxi speeds or a take-off on a taxiway ("On taxiway! On taxiway!") Awareness of which runway the aircraft is lined-up with, and that the runway length available for takeoff is less than a defined nominal take-off runway length (e.g., "On runway three-four left, six-hundred remaining") 8 Purpose: To help avoid risks on take-off 10 Optional Non-Routine Advisories Purpose 1. Aircraft 300 – 750 ft. AFE 2. Aircraft within 3 NM of runway 3. Aircraft track within +/- 20 deg of runway heading 4. Aircraft with 200 ft. laterally of rwy centerline + width of rwy 5. Rwy shorter than nominal landing length 9 9 Awareness of which runway the aircraft is tracking, and that the runway length available for landing is less than a defined nominal landing runway length (e.g., "Approaching three-four right, threethousand remaining"). *Note: Operator defined units in feet or meters 1. Aircraft on last half of runway 2. Groundspeed > 40 kts 3. RTO is indicated (7kt. Loss from maximum groundspeed value) Awareness of aircraft position during a RTO (e.g. "two-thousand remaining“) * Note: Operator defined units in feet or meters 10 10 Purpose: to help avoid a runway excursion with an intelligent advisories 11 Airport Runway Database for RAAS Airport Validation includes ALL airport runways. • 1,000 Airports for the USA and Canada validated. • 875 Airports outside North America validated. • Continuous validation work continues and prioritized by customer route structure and special request. 12 RAAS Customers & Supplemental Type Certificates (STCs) Customers • Alaska • Federal Express • Lufthansa • Lufthansa City Line • Malaysia • Air France • United Airlines • Thai • Condor • Bombardier CRJ • Gulfstream • Cessna • Falcon and many other business aircraft STCs both EASA and FAA • B-727-200 • B-737-400/700/800/900 • B-747-400 • B-757 / B-767 • B-777-200/200ER/300 • MD-10F/11F • DC-10 • MD-80 • A-300/A310 Upcoming STCs • CRJ/Avro RJ with EASA in November 13 RAAS Requirements & Activation Process • MK V and MK VII E-GPWS with version -224-224 or later software - Direct GPS input or E-GPWS with internal GPS capability with Fine - Latitude/Longitude labels Terrain Database 440 or later STC or SB for RAAS • Customer evaluates and selects advisories, sets audio levels, and the need for an optional RAAS inhibit switch. • Honeywell creates RAAS Configuration Database (RCD) Card • Recommend Operator & Pilot Training on RAAS functionality and any updates to SOP • Load & Enable RCD PCMCIA cards into E-GPWS Operator needs to Update Runway & Terrain databases to the latest version 14 RAAS Pluses and Negatives • Pluses - A first evolutionary step in reducing runway incursion risk. - Low cost, practical, and can be done today. - Simple add-on software to existing E-GPWS. No new hardware or wiring changes. - RAAS is only a first step, but should complement a visual Moving Map Display. • Negatives - Sparing of E-GPWS computers between various operators may have to be adjusted. - An added ground strap to the rear of the E-GPWS computer can allow pooling of spares. 15 Scenario: Departure from Runway of Insufficient Length 16 Scenario: Departure from Runway of Insufficient Length 17 Scenario: Departure from Runway of Insufficient Length 18 Scenario: Departure from Runway of Insufficient Length 19 Future Developments – RAAS II 20 Future Developments – RAAS II 21 Future Developments – RAAS II 22 Future Developments - SAMS 23 Future Developments - SAMS 24 Future Developments - SAMS 25 Future Developments - SAMS 26 DL-950 USB Data Loader DL-950 Benefits 28 AH-900 Super AHRS Upgrade for AH-800 Summary • Approximately 2200 AH-800 AHRS were produced for ERJ 145, Dornier 328, Learjet 45, and Citation X aircraft from 1991 – 2002 • With mean Fiber Optic Gyro (FOG) sensor life ~36,000 Hours, AHRS failures rates, fleet maintenance cost will increase • All forward build transitioned to AH-900 Super AHRS or Laseref IRS, by 2002. • AH-900 Super AHRS has increased operational benefits: - Eliminates flux valves, and delays due to heading splits and - compass swings Improves reliability leading to fewer cancellations and delays, and lower maintenance cost Improved attitude and heading performance • Conversion of AH-800 equipped aircraft to AH-900 Super AHRS may be an attractive alternative to increasing operational costs Honeywell hopes to gain feedback regarding the attractiveness of a Super AHRS upgrade 30 AH-900 Super AHRS • Super AHRS design based on IRS - RLG Sensors with relaxed performance requirements - Gyro Compassing algorithms compute true heading - No navigation or velocity outputs • Stable Magnetic Heading - Magnetic Variation Lookup Table - Eliminates Flux Valve - Eliminates Heading Splits - Immune to Magnetic Disturbances & Lightning Strikes • Improved Attitude and Heading Performance Compared to traditional AHRS products - Improved weather radar performance - Improved autopilot performance - TAS not required for full performance - True heading output for DSS antenna pointing 31 Comparison Matrix Features AH-800 AHRS AH-900 Super AHRS TSO Hardware Qual Software Certification C4c, C5e, C6d DO-160C DO-178A Level 1 4 MCU 4.9” x7.6”x15.1” C4c, C5e, C6d DO-160C DO-178B Level A 4 MCU 4.9” x7.6”x15.1” 564 in3 16lbs 39W @ 28VDC ARINC-600 ARINC 429 (3O, 2I) Discretes (8) Flux Valve Interface RS-232 PC Maintenance ASCB-C Forced Air ARINC 600 Tray 7,000 564 in3 16.4 lbs 41W @ 28VDC ARINC-600 ARINC 429 (6Out, 7In) Discretes (9 Out, 24 In) RS-232 PC Maintenance Forced Air ARINC 600 Tray 14,000 Size Weight Power Connector I/O Cooling Mounting Reliability (MTBF) 32 Comparison Matrix Features Gyro technology Accel technology AH-800 AHRS IFOG (3) Metal (1), Fluid (2) AH-900 Super AHRS Digital RLG (3) Quartz (3) System technology Strapdown AHRS, Acceleration, TAS aided Strapdown IRS Heading Stabilization Maintenance Flux Valve BITE, IMT Controllers Controller (Required) Attitude (2σ dynamic) No aiding with TAS aiding Heading(2σ,dynamic) Magnetic True Body Rates (2σ) Acceleration (2σ) Navigation (2σ) Velocity (2σ) Hybrid (2σ) N/A BITE Automatic Mode Control is Standard Mode Select Unit can be added as optional equipment 3° 1° 0.25° 0.25° 2° N/A 0.1°/sec or 1% 0.01g N/A N/A N/A 2° 1° 0.1°/sec or 1% 0.01g N/A N/A N/A 33 Maintenance Cost Comparison • 3X Increase in System MTBUR - Higher AHRS Reliability - Immunity to Flux Valve Errors, Failures, and Lightning - Reduced Maintenance Costs (Direct and Indirect) • Traditional AHRS MTBUR: - AHRU 3,000 flight hours/Flux Valve 25,000 flight hours - Dual System MTBUR = 1,340 flight hours Note: Note:This Thisdoes doesnot not include - AHRS DMC/Aircraft = $2.5/flight hour includethe thecosts costs associatedwith with - Indirect Flux Valve Costs = $0.75/flight hour associated delayed delayedor orcancelled - Total/Aircraft = $3.25/flight hour flights due tocancelled flights due toflux flux valve • Super AHRS MTBUR: valverepair repairor or recalibration. recalibration. - AHRU 8,000 flight hours - Dual System MTBUR = 4,000 flight hours - AHRS DMC/Aircraft = $1.8/flight hour - Total/Aircraft = $1.8/flight hour 34 Operations and Training • Operational Differences - AH-900 initialized once per power-up with present position provided by FMS • Training - Flight operations: minimal training differences • AH-900 will have different keying from AH-800 • Commonality between units: - Tray : same - cooling fan : same - Tray alignment: required during initial install 35 Installation Considerations Via STC • Modifications Required - Add FMS Input Wires (Present Position Initialization) - Add Configuration Strapping • Remove Flux Valve - Eliminates Flux valve maintenance cost. - Reduces wiring weight and eliminates flux valve weight. - Eliminates Compass Swing Calibration expense. • Aircraft Operational Procedures - Requires FMS present position at initial power up - Super AHRS will automatically realign attitudes between flights • Only available for 328J at this time - Requires update of IAC to -1x126 36 Benefits Available to current AH800 users • Upgrade to AH900 insures - 2X reliability improvement - New three year warranty – zero maintenance - 50% reduction in maintenance expense post warrantee - Elimination of heading split issues - Improved heading accuracies Investing in AH 900 will provide years of payback 37 CD-820 - The Next Generation Control Display Unit Physical Characteristics Comparison CD-820 CD-810 Size (in) 7.125 x 5.75x 6 7.5 x 5.75 x 10 Weight (lbs) 6.0 12.7 Display AMLCD CRT Video NTSC/RGB None Graphic Yes No Growth Path Yes No Lighting Electroluminescent (EL) Incandescent I/O 5 Discrete Inputs None 12 Discrete Outputs MTBF 4500 hrs 3000 hrs 39 Physical Characteristics • CD-820 is pin-for-pin compatible with CD-810 - no installation wiring harness changes • Uses same connectors as CD-810 - MS3122F22-55PX - BNC 226993-2 • CD-820 installation mount is standard Dzus rail - four MIL-F-25173A type stud fasteners 40 Operational Differences CD-810 CD-820 • Annunciators • New Function Keys 41 CD-820 Annunciators • 6 annunciators are now displayed across the top of LCD panel DSPLY DR DGRAD MSG OFFSET APRCH - Display (DSPLY) Dead Reckoning (DR) Degraded (DGRAD) Message (MSG) Offset (OFFSET) Approach (APRCH) • Incandescent lights eliminated for improved reliability • Annunciation is accomplished on CD-820 display with graphical icons • Annunciators may be individually configured for display (except for DSPLY) CD-820 42 CD-820 New Function Keys • 5 New function keys - VIDEO GRAPHIC ATC BACK FN (Function) • If new key selected w/NZ5.2, then message in scratchpad states that particular function is not available: ATC NOT AVAILABLE - VIDEO NOT AVAILABLE GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE ATC NOT AVAILABLE FN NOT AVAILABLE • Exception is the BACK key, the message states: BACK COMPLETE CD-820 43 Other Keyboard Differences • Edit Keys – SP (Space) – +/- • Infra-red port (growth feature) • Brightness control – knob replaced by rocker switch • Electroluminescent Lighting (EL) • Silicon (soft) Keys – Hard Key version also available 7 44 CD-820 Summary • • • • • • • Plug-n-play with the CD-810 Reduced weight, volume, power consumption and depth Increased reliability and lower cost of ownership Enhanced Keyboard Designed for future growth Increased functionality with NZ2000 Version 6.0 CD-810 obsolescence 23 45 1950’s 1960’s 1970’s 1995 Stylus Scratches in Foil Many Parts Wear/Tear Overhaul Low Reliability Few Parts No Wear/Tear No Overhaul High Reliability Flash Memory Chips INNOVATION thru the YEARS CVR and FDR system Overview Microphone Monitor Mic. #1 Mic. #2 Mic. #3 Tri-Axial Accelerometer Test/Erase/Status Composite Audio Area Mic. (WB audio) Status Flag (to Cockpit) Acceleration Maint. Flag Narrow Band Audio Aircraft Mandatory Parameters Rotor Tachometer SSFDR Recorder Rot. Freq. Capt. Clock Serial Data In Serial Data Out SSCVR Recorder GMT Flight Data Acquisition Unit DATA 14:30:15 FSK Timing ATC BITE BITE ADL OMS Flight Data Acquisition Unit Other Subsystem Provisions CMU OMS Hand-Held Download Unit Other Subsystem Provisions CVR System •4 audio channel Inputs •30 minute or 120 min FDR System •Datastream Input •25 Hours at 64/128/256 wps 47 Process - Data to Information Data Acquire Record Information Retrieve Digital & Analog Input FDAMS Review Digital Input DVDR Modular - Flexible - Compatible 48 Recording Solutions Flight Data Acquisition & Management System Digital Flight Data Acquisition Unit Flight Data Inputs •ARINC 429 •Analog •Discretes Air Transport SSFDR Air Transport Combination Recorder Flight Information Recorder Flight Data, Voice, Video Flight Data Inputs •MIL-STD-1553 •ARINC 429 •Ethernet •IEEE 1394 Flight Data Acquisition & Recording •Flight Data Acquisition & Management - FDAMS •Acquires Flight Data For Recording •Aircraft Condition Monitoring Software •Trend Data •Event Data •PCMCIA Data Storage Air Transport SSCVR •Digital Flight Data Acquisition Unit - DFDAU •Acquires Flight Data For Recording •SSFDR and SSCVR •Air Transport - ARINC Form Factor •Air Transport Combination Recorder •FDR and CVR Functions Military / Helicopter Combination Recorder •Military / Helicopter Combination Recorder •Non-ARINC FDR and CVR Functions •Digital Flight Information Recorder - D3 FIR •Records 704 - 1400 Mbytes •FDR and CVR Functions •Structural Data (optional) •Video (optional) Data Analysis •Single Flight Analysis •High-Speed Ethernet Download •Multi-Flight Analysis •Flight Simulation / Playback •RS-422 out put to VHF Data Radio for Wireless Download Health Monitoring •Diagnostics •Prognostics 49 Air Transport Combination Recorder - DVDR • Digital Voice/Data Recorder (DVDR) – SSFDR and SSCVR functions in a single, compact package – TSO/ETSO C-123a and C-124a – ED-55/ED-56A, DO-160D & DO-178B, ARINC-757 compliant • NTSB Recommend – One FDR and CVR in the aircraft nose and in the rear of the aircraft (2 + 2) – Dual Combination recorders as an alternative (1 + 1) • DVDR Availability – DVDR fit as basic equipment for the new EMB 170/190 aircraft family – Fits existing CVR rack/tray – In production since June 03 Install in place of CVR to provide an economical transition 50 Combination Recorder - DVDR Technical Properties • Mature SSCVR & SSFDR technology • Meets all regulatory requirements • Combined Flight Data and Voice Recorder • Integrated PCMCIA slot - Fast Data Download • Control Panel support for Dual Installations • Recorder Independent Power Supply (RIPS) Option – Replaces existing CVR tray – Provides 10 minutes of backup power – Integrated battery and charger Stretch today’s budget to cover tomorrow’s requirements 51 Crash Survivable Memory Unit • Patent Protected Technology • Result of 12 Years of R&D • Increased Fire/Heat Protection • Over 1-Hour, 1100oC Fire * • 10-Hour 260oC Bake * • Precipitation Hardened Stainless Steel Outer Shell * 100% Data Recovery when 10-Hour Bake Immediately Follows the 1-Hour High-Intensity Fire 52 Tape to Solid State Tape Based Recorders • DFDRs - 981-6009 and UFDR - 980-4100-xxx,. • Scheduled Maintenance and Calibration required every 6 months • Part availability - Tape is still in stock • Upgrade of Input Channel capacity • G/R-model sufficient to record 18 parameters in Single box Solid State Upgrade available for 980-4100-xxx to 980-4120-xxxx • NO scheduled Maintenance or Calibration • Memory upgrade available for SSFDRs - Increases recording time - of 64wps from 25hours to 100+ hours ICAO ICAO(FLIREC (FLIRECPanel) Panel)considering consideringobsolescence obsolescenceof ofTape Tape based basedrecorders. recorders.. .. . 53 Next Generation Data Analysis Software • ADRAS For Windows - now ADRAS-32 – Upgraded release available now – Faster and more flexible – Incorporates capabilities of the newer Windows operating systems – Maintains all the functions required for data analysis and display – Windows application look and feel Common processes enable efficient operations 54 Next Generation Ground Support Equipment • Ruggedized Portable Ground Support Equipment (RPGSE) – Ruggedized laptop-based, Windows OS, PC-compatible hardware – GSE for all solid state recorders – Replaces and Combines ATU (for FDR) and PATS (for CVR) – Will host; ADRAS-On-Board AFW-32 Return-To-Service test Data Loader (ARINC-615) Flight Data Download ACMS ADRT ACMS VADAR ACMS Readout – Base System, with AOB, CVR Playback and AFW available 4Q04 • Additional applications released through 2005 Common PC Platform hosting common software functions 55