SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE Software engineering AND TESTING TEAM MEMBERS REGISTER NUMBERS RA2131005010001 RA2131005010002 RA2131005010003 RA2131005010004 RA2131005010005 RA2131005010006 RA2131005010007 RA2131005010008 RA2131005010009 RA2131005010010 NANDANA N SHRI GANESH N MOTHI RAM SINGH R NANDHAKUMAR N BHARATHVAJ M BHUVANESHWARAN V AADITHYAN R A M AKSHAYA SWATHI T VENNILAVAN C M CLASS : BSC COMPUTER SCIENCE SECTION : A YEAR & SEMESTER : III YEAR & V SEMESTER SUBJECT CODE : USA20503J SUBJECT TITLE : SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND TESTING Oct 2023 CASE STUDY TRAVEL AND TOURISM WEBSITE USING JAVA 1 Contents 1 Abstract 1.1 Summary of the Project …………………………………………03 2 Introduction 2.1 10 Problem Description …………………………………………….10 Rough Planning …………………………………………………11 Feasibility Checking …………………………………………….13 4.3.1 Scheduling ………………………………………………..13 4.3.2 Economical ……………………………………………….13 4.3.3 Technical ………………………………………………….13 4.3.4 Operational ………………………………………………..14 5 System Design 5.1 5.2 06 About the Software ……………………………………………...06 Software Specification ...………………………………………...07 Hardware Specification ………………………………………….07 Data Used ………………………………………………………..08 4 Planning & Feasibility Checking 4.1 4.2 4.3 04 Dealing with the Project Area …………………………………...04 3 Requirement Analysis 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 03 15 Data Flow Diagram ……………………………………………...15 UI Design………………………………………………………...17 6 Coding 18 7 Verification and Validation 26 8 Testing 27 8.1 8.2 Static Testing ……………………………………………………27 Blackbox Testing ………………………………………………..28 9 Implementation and Evaluation 30 10 Conclusion 32 2 Chapter 1 Abstract A travel and tourism website using Java is a web application that allows users to browse and book travel-related services, such as flights, hotels, and tours. It is typically developed using a Java web framework, such as Spring Boot or Hibernate. The website typically consists of a front-end and back-end. The frontend is responsible for displaying the user interface and handling user interactions. The back-end is responsible for processing user requests and interacting with the database. The website typically uses a database to store information about travel destinations, flights, hotels, tours, and other travel-related services. The database may also store user information, such as login credentials and booking history. The website typically provides a variety of features to users, such as: The ability to browse and search for travel destinations and services The ability to compare prices and book flights, hotels, and tours The ability to create and manage travel itineraries The ability to read and write reviews of travel destinations and services The ability to contact travel agencies and other travel-related businesses 3 Chapter 2 Introduction Java is a popular programming language that can be used to develop a wide range of applications, including travel and tourism websites. Java is a powerful language that is well-suited for developing complex and scalable web applications. 2.1 Dealing with the Project Area The Website that is been built is comprised of various features and capabilities that ensures to provide a better feasibilities and highend performance for the users to process. This has a list of capabilities like, o o o o To create and manage user accounts. To provide personalized recommendations to users. To integrate with social media platforms. To process payments securely. There are a few key things to keep in mind: Choosing the right framework: There are number of different Java frameworks that can be used to develop web applications, such as Spring Boot, JSF, and Struts, etc. It is important to choose a framework that is appropriate for the size and complexity of the project. 4 Use a database: For travel and tourism website it needs to store the data, such as destination information, tour packages, and user bookings. A relational database management system (RDBMS) such as MySQL or PostgreSQL is a good choice. Design the user experience: It is important to design a website that is easy to use and navigate. This includes using clear and concise language, providing helpful information, and making it easy for users to book tours and packages. Test the application thoroughly: Once your website is developed, it is important to test it thoroughly to ensure that it works as expected. This includes testing all of the different features and functionality, as well as testing the performance of the website under load. Use a template: There are a number of free and paid templates available that can be used to create a travel and tourism website. This can save you a lot of time and effort, especially if you are not a web designer. Use a third-party API: There are a number of third-party APIs available that can be used to add features to your website, such as flight search, hotel booking, and currency conversion. This can save you a lot of time and effort, and can also help you to create a more comprehensive website. Optimize your website for search engines: It is important to optimize your website for search engines so that potential customers can find it. This includes using relevant keywords and phrases in your website content, and building backlinks from other websites. These are certain important key features to understand before developing any kind of Client - Business interactive webapplications. 5 Chapter 3 Requirement Analysis The Requirement Analysis comprises of certain necessary aspects for the production of the Travel and Tourism Website. 3.1 About the Software The Software consists of a set of modules as provided below, User registration and login: Users should be able to register and login to the website to access all of its features. Search and browse for travel destinations: Users should be able to search and browse for travel destinations based on various criteria, such as country, city, region, attractions, and activities. View detailed information about travel destinations: When a user selects a travel destination, the website should provide detailed information about it, such as its location, attractions, activities, and accommodation options. Book travel arrangements: Users should be able to book travel arrangements directly from the website, such as flights, trains, bus, hotels, food, and rental cars. Manage travel bookings: Users should be able to view and manage their travel bookings from the website. Make payments: Users should be able to make payments for their travel arrangements directly from the website using a variety of payment methods such as Google pay, Net-banking, ATM Card transactions, etc. 6 Customer support: Users should be able to contact customer support for assistance with any issues they may arise while using the website. 3.2 Software Specification The Software Specifications required for development of the website are listed below, Java Programming Language. Java Development Kit (JDK). Integrated Development Environment (IDE) such as Eclipse or NetBeans. Database such as MySQL or PostgreSQL. Java web framework such as Spring Boot or JSF or Struts, etc. HTML, CSS, Bootstrap and JavaScript for the front-end. 3.3 Hardware Specification The hardware specifications for a travel and tourism website using Java will vary depending on the size and complexity of the website. However, some general recommendations include: Processor: Dual-core or quad-core processor RAM: 4GB or more Disk space: 50GB or more Web server: Tomcat or Apache or Glassfish Database server: MySQL or PostgreSQL 7 If the website is expected to receive a high volume of traffic, then it needs to be invested in more powerful hardware, such as a multi-core processor, more RAM, and a faster web server. We may also want to consider using a load balancer to distribute traffic across multiple web servers. Here are some additional hardware considerations: Network: The website will need to be hosted on a reliable network with a good internet connection. Security: Need to take steps to secure the website from cyberattacks. This may include installing firewalls and antivirus software. Backup: It should be regularly making a backup of the website's database and files in case of any data loss. The cloud hosting services such as Amazon Web Services or Google Cloud Platform or Hostinger or GoDaddy are the hosting platforms that are used to host websites. 3.4 Data Used Using the required Data effectively, The Travel and Tourism websites can provide users with a more personalized and informative experience. Destination data: Users can search for destinations by name, country, region, or other criteria. The website can then display a list of relevant destinations, along with information such as photos, descriptions, and reviews. Package data: Users can filter and compare travel packages based on their budget, interests, and travel dates. The website can then display a list of relevant packages, along with information such as price, duration, and itinerary. 8 User data: The website can use user data to personalize the experience for each user. For example, the website can recommend destinations and packages based on the user's past travel history and preferences. Customer support data: The website can use customer support data to identify and address common problems. For example, if many users are reporting problems with a particular travel package, the website can contact the tour operator to investigate the issue. These are the required data that are needs to be used while booking the trip and other kinds of works. 9 Chapter 4 Planning & Feasibility Checking Planning a travel and tourism website using Java can be a complex task, but it is important to take the time to plan the structure of the project carefully before to start developing. Some tips are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Define the Goals. Identify the target audience. Research the Competition. Plan the Website content and features. Choose a Web Development Platform. Plan the Deployment Strategy. Take some Testing measures of the Website. 4.1 Problem Description Some of the Problem reports after the deployment of the website in the server are itemized: Security: Travel websites are often targeted by cybercriminals, so it is important to implement security measures such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and data encryption. Scalability: If our website becomes popular, we will need to be able to scale it to handle the increased traffic load. This may involve adding more web servers or using a cloud hosting service. Payment processing: We will need to integrate a payment processing gateway into our website to handle payments. This can be a complex process, and will need to ensure that our website is compliant with all relevant financial regulations. 10 Multilingual support: If we want to target a global audience, we will need to make our website multilingual. This can be a challenging task, and will need to translate all of our website content into the desired languages. Customer support: We need to provide a way for users to contact us with questions or support requests. We can implement a customer support form, live chat, or email support. 4.2 Rough Planning The Rough Planning for the Travel and Tourism Website Comprises of certain phases. Phase 1: Development Create a database to store the website's data. Develop the back-end of the website using Java and other chosen web development platforms. Develop the front-end of the website using HTML, CSS, Bootstrap, and JavaScript. Integrate the front-end and back-end of the website. Test the website thoroughly. Phase 2: Deployment Deploy the website to a web server. Promote the website to attract visitors. Phase 3: Maintenance and updates Regularly update the website with new content and features. Monitor the website's performance and make necessary changes. 11 Fix any bugs that are reported by users. Here is a more detailed breakdown of each phase: Phase 1: Development Create a database to store the website's data: This will store information such as destination information, travel packages, and user accounts. Develop the back-end of the website using Java and other chosen web development platforms: This will include the code that handles database interaction, user authentication, and other server-side functionality. Develop the front-end of the website using HTML, CSS, Bootstrap, and JavaScript: This will include the code that renders the user interface of the website and handles client-side interactions. Integrate the front-end and back-end of the website: This will involve connecting the two components so that they can communicate with each other. Test the website thoroughly: Make sure to test all of the features of the website to ensure that they are working properly. Phase 2: Deployment Deploy the website to a web server: This will involve uploading the website files to the server and configuring the server to run the website. Promote the website to attract visitors: This can be done through search engine optimization (SEO), social media marketing, and other online advertising channels. 12 Phase 3: Maintenance and updates Regularly update the website with new content and features: This will help to keep the website fresh and engaging for visitors. Monitor the website's performance and make necessary changes: This may involve tracking website traffic, user behaviour, and other metrics. Fix any bugs that are reported by users: This will help to ensure that the website is a positive user experience. 4.3 Feasibility Checking The feasibility of developing a website using Java will considers some common factors such as Technical, Economical, Scheduling, and Operational feasibilities. 4.3.1. Scheduling The development time for a travel and tourism website will vary depending on the size and complexity of the website. However, Java is a relatively efficient programming language, so we can develop a basic website in a reasonable amount of time. 4.3.2. Economical The cost of developing and maintaining a website can vary depending on the size and complexity of the website. However, Java is a relatively affordable programming language, so we can develop a basic website on a limited budget. 4.3.3. Technical Java is a popular programming language, so there are many resources available to help, learn and develop. Certain frameworks 13 and libraries are also imported to build the perfect layouts of the webpage. 4.3.4. Operational This includes some tasks such as updating the website content, fixing bugs, and providing customer support. For this we may need to hire a team of people to help us to operate and maintain the website, depending on the operations of the website. All these factors are responsible for gaining a feasible structure of the website. 14 Chapter 5 System Design The System Design is included of Data Flow Diagrams and UI Design. 5.1 Data Flow Diagram Data flow diagrams (DFDs) are a graphical representation of the flow of data through a system. They can be used to model a wide variety of systems, including travel and tourism websites. Zero Level Data Flow Diagram: Travel Agent Management Customer Management Package Management Travel and Tourism Management System Transportation Management Booking Management Hotel Management 15 First Level Data Flow Diagram: Travel Agent Management Generate Travel Agent Report Customer Management Generate Customer Report Package Management Booking Management Travel and Tourism Management System Generate Package Report Generate Booking Report Transportation Management Check Transportation Details Hotel Management Generate Hotel Report Second Level Data Flow Diagram: Admin Forgot Password Login to System Check Credentials Check Roles of Access Manage Modules Manage Travel Agent Details Manage Customer Details Manage Package Details Manage Booking Details Manage Transportation Details Send Email to User Manage System Admins Manage Hotel Profiles Manage Roles of User Manage User Permission Manage Tour Report16 5.2 UI Design 17 Chapter 6 Coding This encompasses the code of the website using Front-End and Other Backend Languages. HTML CODE <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Travel and Tourism Website</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css"> </head> <body> <header> <nav> <ul> <li><a href="#">Home</a></li> <li><a href="#">About</a></li> <li><a href="#">Destinations</a></li> <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li> </ul> </nav> </header> <main> <section id="banner"> <h1>Welcome to our Travel and Tourism Website</h1> <p>Explore the world with us!</p> </section> <section id="about"> <h2>About Us</h2> 18 <p>We are a team of travel enthusiasts who want to share our passion with the world. Our mission is to help people discover new destinations and create unforgettable memories.</p> </section> <section id="destinations"> <h2>Popular Destinations</h2> <ul> <li> <img src="dest1.jpg"> <h3>Paris, France</h3> <p>Discover the city of love and romance.</p> </li> <li> <img src="dest2.jpg"> <h3>Bali, Indonesia</h3> <p>Relax on the beautiful beaches and immerse yourself in the local culture.</p> </li> <li> <img src="dest3.jpg"> <h3>New York City, USA</h3> <p>Experience the hustle and bustle of the city that never sleeps.</p> </li> </ul> </section> <section id="contact"> <h2>Contact Us</h2> <form> <label for="name">Name:</label> <input type="text" id="name" name="name" required> <label for="email">Email:</label> <input type="email" id="email" name="email" required> <label for="message">Message:</label> 19 <textarea id="message" name="message" required></textarea> <input type="submit" value="Send"> </form> </section> </main> <footer> <p>&copy; 2023 Travel and Tourism Website</p> </footer> </body> </html> CSS CODE body { font-family: 'Lucida Calligraphy'; margin: 0; padding: 0; background-image: linear-gradient(to left top, #189ff1, #00bafd, #00d2fa, #00e9ea, #0cfcd2); } header { background-color: #333; color: #fff; padding: 10px; } nav ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; } nav li { display: inline-block; 20 margin-right: 20px; } nav a { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; } main { max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 20px; } #banner { background-image: url(banner.jpg); background-size: cover; background-position: center; color: #fff; padding: 100px; text-align: center; font-size: 20px; font-family: 'Lucida Handwriting'; } #about { margin-top: 50px; } #destinations { margin-top: 50px; } #destinations ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; 21 display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; } #destinations li { flex: 1; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; } #destinations img { width: 100%; height: 200px; object-fit: cover; } #destinations h3 { margin-top: 10px; } #contact { margin-top: 50px; } form label { display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; } form input, form textarea { display: block; width: 100%; padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; border: none; border-radius: 5px; 22 } form input[type="submit"] { background-color: #333; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; } footer { background-color: #333; color: #fff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; } SQL CODE CREATE DATABASE travel; USE travel; CREATE TABLE destinations ( id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, description TEXT NOT NULL, image VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL ); INSERT INTO destinations (name, description, image) VALUES ('Paris, France', 'Discover the city of love and romance.', 'dest1.jpg'), ('Bali, Indonesia', 'Relax on the beautiful beaches and immerse yourself in the local culture.', 'dest2.jpg'), ('New York City, USA', 'Experience the hustle and bustle of the city that never sleeps.', 'dest3.jpg'); 23 JAVA CODE import java.sql.*; public class Destination { private int id; private String name; private String description; private String image; public Destination(int id, String name, String description, String image) { this.id = id; this.name = name; this.description = description; this.image = image; } public int getId() { return id; } public String getName() { return name; } public String getDescription() { return description; } public String getImage() { return image; } public static void main(String[] args) { String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/travel"; String username = "root"; 24 String password = "password"; try { Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password); Statement statement = connection.createStatement(); ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM destinations"); while (resultSet.next()) { int id = resultSet.getInt("id"); String name = resultSet.getString("name"); String description = resultSet.getString("description"); String image = resultSet.getString("image"); Destination destination = new Destination(id, name, description, image); System.out.println(destination.getName()); System.out.println(destination.getDescription()); System.out.println(destination.getImage()); } connection.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage()); } } } 25 Chapter 7 Verification and Validation The Verification and Validation are two important steps in the development of any software application. Verification is the process of ensuring that the software is developed in accordance with the specified requirements. This can be done through code reviews, unit testing, and integration testing. Validation is the process of ensuring that the software meets the needs of the users. This can be done through User Acceptance Testing (UAT) and Beta Testing. Here are some specific verification and validation activities that can be performed for the travel and tourism website: Verification: Code reviews: The experienced developers review the code to identify any errors or potential problems available in the created software. Unit testing: By writing the unit tests to test the individual components of the software. Integration testing: To Test how the different components of the software work together. Validation: User Acceptance Testing: Have a group of users then test the website to see if it meets their needs. Beta testing: Release a beta version of website to a limited number of users to get feedback before launching it to the public. 26 Chapter 8 Testing The Testing process runs up with several methods to evaluate the code in a precise manner to avoid certain kinds of errors in the software without getting arises during the real-time processing. It consists of two main testing process they are like Blackbox Testing and Static Testing. 8.1 Static Testing The Static testing is a type of software testing that is performed without executing the program. It involves analysing the source code of the program to identify potential errors. Static testing is a good way to identify errors early in the development process, which can save time and money. There are a number of different static testing tools available, both commercial and open source. Some popular static testing tools for Java include: SonarQube: SonarQube is a popular open source static testing tool that can be used to analyze Java code for a variety of potential errors, including bugs, security vulnerabilities, and code smells. PMD: PMD is another popular open source static testing tool that can be used to analyze Java code for a variety of potential errors, including bugs, security vulnerabilities, and code smells. FindBugs: FindBugs is a static testing tool that can be used to find bugs in Java code. It is developed by Oracle and is open source. We can use one of the static testing tools listed above. The first step is to integrate the static testing tool with our IDE. This will allow us to 27 run the static testing tool on our code without having to leave our IDE. Once the static testing tool is integrated with our IDE, we can run it on our code. The static testing tool will analyze our code and generate a report of any potential errors that it finds. We can then review the report and fix the errors. Here are some specific areas of the travel and tourism website that we should focus on when performing static testing: Input validation: Make sure that our website validates all user input to prevent malicious attacks. Security vulnerabilities: Use a static testing tool to scan the code for security vulnerabilities, such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting. Code smells: Code smells are not necessarily errors, but they can indicate potential problems with our code. Use a static testing tool to identify code smells in our code and then fix them. By performing static testing on our travel and tourism website, we can identify and fix potential errors early in the development process. This can help us to deliver a high-quality website to our users. 8.2 Blackbox Testing Blackbox testing is a type of software testing that focuses on the inputs and outputs of a system without considering its internal structure or implementation. This type of testing is often used to test the functionality of a website or application from the user's perspective. To perform Blackbox testing on a travel and tourism website using Java, we can follow these steps: 28 1. Identify the inputs and outputs of the website: This may include things like the search bar, the booking form, and the payment gateway. 2. Design test cases for each input and output: The test cases should cover a variety of different scenarios, both valid and invalid. 3. Execute the test cases and record the results. 4. Analyse the results and identify any defects. 5. Report the defects to the development team so that it can be fixed. Here are some examples of Blackbox test cases for a travel and tourism website: Test case 1: Verify that the website can be loaded successfully. Test case 2: Verify that the destination search engine returns accurate results. Test case 3: Verify that the booking form can be submitted successfully. Test case 4: Verify that the payment gateway can be used to process payments successfully. Test case 5: Verify that the website is accessible to users with disabilities. We can use a variety of tools and techniques to perform Blackbox testing on a travel and tourism website. Some popular tools include Selenium and JMeter. These testing processes are termed as Blackbox Testing. 29 Chapter 9 Implementation and Evaluation To Implement a travel and tourism website using Java, the following steps are provided below: 1. Set up the development environment: Install the Java Development Kit (JDK), an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) such as Eclipse or NetBeans, and a database such as MySQL or PostgreSQL. 2. Choose a web framework: There are many different Java web frameworks available, such as Spring Boot and JSF. Choose a framework that is well-suited to the needs of our project. 3. Design the database schema: We will need to design a database schema to store the information for our website, such as destination information, travel package information, and user account information. 4. Implement the backend of our website: This will involve writing the code to interact with the database and provide the functionality for our website, such as the destination search engine, package booking, and customer support. 5. Implement the frontend of our website: This will involve writing the HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code to create the user interface of the website. 6. Test the website: Be sure to test out the website thoroughly before launching it to the public. 7. Deploy the website to a web server: We can either do this ourself or use a cloud hosting service such as Amazon Web Services or Google Cloud Platform. 30 There are a number of factors that we can consider when evaluating a travel and tourism website using Java: Functionality: Does the website have all of the core features that users expect, such as a destination search engine, package booking, and customer support? Are there any additional features that would make the website more useful or engaging? Usability: Is the website easy to use and navigate? Can users find the information they need quickly and easily? Content: Is the website content informative and engaging? Is it written in a clear and concise style? Are there any errors or omissions? Design: Is the website visually appealing? Is the layout wellorganized and easy to scan? Performance: Does the website load quickly and perform well? Are there any technical problems or bugs? In addition to these general factors, we may also want to consider the following specific criteria when evaluating a travel and tourism website using Java: Use of Java technologies: Is the website developed using modern Java technologies and best practices? Security: Is the website secure from cyberattacks? Scalability: Can the website handle a high volume of traffic without performance problems? Maintainability: Is the website code well-organized and easy to maintain? We can evaluate a travel and tourism website using Java by visiting the website and using it ourself. We can also ask other people to evaluate the website for us. We can also use automated tools to test the website's performance, security, and accessibility. Once we have evaluated the website, we can identify any areas where it can be improved. We can then provide feedback to the website owner or developer. This method of processing the data and website is called as Evaluation process. 31 Chapter 10 Conclusion The Travel and Tourism Website can be very well created using the Java programming language. It is very easy and portable, best in security than other languages, it is scalable and easily maintainable. It can work in any kind of operating system like (Windows, Linux, macOS) by limiting and separating the tasks and traffics of the users with greater storage and bandwidth performances. This kind of website is called as Travel and Tourism Website using Java. 32